Wiktionary Pacification may refer to The restoration of peace through a declaration or peace treaty Pacification of Ghent , an alliance of several provinces of the Netherlands signed on November 8, 1576 Treaty of Berwick 1639 , or Pacification of Berwick , signed on June 18, 1639 between England and Scotland Pacification Sejm , one of several sessions of the Sejm, especially the one in 1736 concluding the civil war in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth Pacification of 1917 , between religious and secular sects in the Netherlands A military or police action Pacification of Algeria 1835 1903 , French military operations which aimed to put an end to various tribal rebellions Occupation of Araucan a 1861 1883 , also Pacification of the Araucan a , the actions which led to the incorporation of Araucan a into Chile Pacification of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia 1930 , a punitive action of Polish police against the Ukrainian minority in Poland Pacification of Manchukuo , a campaign during the Second Sino Japanese War March 1932 1941 Pacification operations in German occupied Poland , the use of German military force to suppress Polish resistance during World War II Pacification of Tonkin , a military and political campaign undertaken by the French in northern Vietnam Pacification of Wujek , a strike breaking action against miners in Katowice, Poland December 16, 1981 Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem or Pacification of Lombok in 1894 Other meanings Violent Pacification an album by Dirty Rotten Imbeciles Army of Cuban Pacification Medal , medal issued to members of the US occupation force in Cuba following the Spanish American War 1906 1909 Disambig es Pacificaci n pl Pacyfikacja ... more details
dablink Castilia , Castilla and Castille redirect here. wiktionary Castile Castilla Castile is derived from a word meaning castle and may refer to People Brooke Castile b. 1986 , American pairs figure skater Javier Castilla b. 1981 , professional Colombian squash player Simeon Castille b. 1985 , NFL cornerback Hadley Castille b. 1933 , Cajun fiddler Castilian people , inhabitants of those regions in Spain Places Spain County of Castile , one of the medieval counties of the Kingdom of Le n, AD 850 1035 Kingdom of Castile , one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, 1035 1230 Crown of Castile , historic entity, usually considered to have begun in 1230 AD with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of Le n and Castile, 1230 1716 Old Castile , 18th century historic northern region of Castile New Castile Spain , 18th century historic southern region of CastileCastile historical region , regional hub of Castile. Castile and Le n , autonomous community of modern Spain roughly similar to Old CastileCastile La Mancha , autonomous community of modern Spain roughly similar to New Castille Central America Castilla de Oro , 16th century Central American territory from the Gulf ... Castile , gubernatiorial region administered to Francisco Pizarro in 1528 by King Charles V, the region ... Castile town , New York , Wyoming County Castile village , New York , Wyoming County Science Castilia ... Madrid Other Castile soap , name used for soap made with olive oil originating from the Castile region ... region of Castile La Mancha Castille a fictional character in Phantom Brave . See also intitle Castile intitle Castilla Castella , popular Japanese sponge cake Castilian disambiguation surname geodis DEFAULTSORT Castile ast Castiella bg br Kastilha cy Castilla de Castilla es Castilla ... lv Kast lija lt Kastilija reik m s nl Castilla nn Castilla oc Castelha omonimia pl Castile pt Castela desambigua o simple Castile sk Kast lia rozli ovacia str nka te war Castilla ... more details
Pacification sejm lang pl Sejm pacyfikacyjny refers to a type of the sejm parliament session in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth . The pacification sejms were held after a period of conflict to bring peace and unity to the country, usually after a disputed royal election . Pacification sejms were held in Pacification Sejm 1586 1586 , Pacification Sejm 1673 1673 , Pacification Sejm 1698 1698 , Pacification Sejm 1699 1699 , Pacification Sejm 1717 1717 and Pacification Sejm 1736 1736 . Category Sejm pl Sejm pacyfikacyjny Poland hist stub ... more details
refimprove date January 2010 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Violent Pacification Type ep Artist Dirty Rotten Imbeciles Cover Dri violentpacification.jpg Released 1984 Recorded Genre Thrashcore , hardcore punk Length Label R Radical Records Dirty Rotten Producer Last album Dirty Rotten LP Dirty Rotten br 1983 This album Violent Pacification br 1984 Next album Dealing with It br 1985 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r4989 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Violent Pacification is an EP by the United States American crossover thrash band Dirty Rotten Imbeciles D.R.I. , which was released in 1984. Track listing Violent Pacification Running Around Couch Slouch To Open Closed Doors Personnel Spike Cassidy Guitar Backing vocals Josh Pappe Bass Eric Brecht Drums Backing vocals Kurt Brecht Lead vocals References Reflist D.R.I. Category D.R.I. albums Category 1984 EPs es Violent Pacification it Violent Pacification pt Violent Pacification fi Violent Pacification ... more details
Image Allegorie Pacificatie van Gent.jpg 250px thumb right Allegory depicting the Pacification of Ghent by Adriaen van de Venne Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne The Pacification of Ghent , signed on November 8, 1576, was an alliance of the provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands for the purpose of driving mutinying Spanish Empire Spanish mercenary troops from the country, and at the same time a peace treaty with the rebelling provinces Holland and Zeeland . Background main Dutch Revolt In 1567 king Philip II of Spain , the overlord of the Habsburg Netherlands, sent Fernando lvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba as governor general to the Netherlands with an army of Spanish mercenaries to restore order after the political upheavals of 1566 that culminated in the Iconoclasm Reformation iconoclasm Iconoclastic fury of that year. He soon replaced the most important advisors of the former Regent Margaret of Parma by summarily executing them, such as the counts of Lamoral, Count of Egmont Egmont and Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn Hoorn , or by driving them into exile, such as William the Silent ... brought disaffection with the Brussels government to a boil in the summer of 1576. The Pacification ... after the deaths of Charles the Bold in 1477 and Philip I of Castile Philip the Handsome in 1506 .... ref name Koenigsberger, p. 272 The Pacification therefore bore the aspects of both a peace treaty between ... union was concluded on January 9, 1577 by the first Union of Brussels . Aftermath The problem with the Pacification ... in April 1577, the provinces started to diverge again. Don Juan signed the Pacification on February ... to submit to it. Neither would they give up the fortresses they had occupied, as provided for in the Pacification ... Text of the Pacification of Ghent http www.britannica.com eb article?tocId 9036681 Ghent, Pacification ... DEFAULTSORT Pacification Of Ghent Category 1576 in law Category 1576 in Europe Category Treaties of Flanders ... of Belgium Category 16th century treaties de Genter Pazifikation es Pacificaci n de Gante fr Pacification ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 The Pacification of 1917 is an event in Politics of the Netherlands Dutch politics . In 1917 the constitution of the Netherlands constitution was changed by the extra parliamentary cabinet led by Pieter Cort van der Linden in order to resolve the antithesis Netherlands antithesis between religious and secular parties. It implemented both universal suffrage , proportional representation and Schoolstrijd equal funding for all schools both public secular and private religious . ref cite book last Hooker first Mark year 2009 title Freedom of Education The Dutch Political Battle for State Funding of all Schools both Public and Private 1801 1920 isbn 1440493421 pages 26 27, 97 ref References Reflist Category Political history of the Netherlands Category 1917 in politics Netherlands hist stub nl Pacificatie van 1917 ... more details
File KWK Wujek krzyz.jpg thumb The Wujek massacre memorial The Pacification of Wujek was a strike breaking action by the Polish police and army at the Wujek Coal Mine in Katowice , Poland , culminating in the massacre of nine striking miner s on December 16, 1981. It was part of a large scale action aimed to break the Solidarity Polish trade union Solidarity free trade union after the introduction of martial law in Poland in 1981. The pacification was technically successful however, in a longer term, it turned out to be a milestone towards the collapse of the authoritarian system in Poland and, ultimately, to the collapse of the Eastern Bloc . It was a site of numerous protests, including by Solidarity activist Anna Walentynowicz who commemorated a plaque to the murdered miners shortly after she left prison at Go dap . The massacre On December 16, three days after the introduction of the martial law in Poland, pro Solidarity miners strike action striking against the declaration of the martial law by General Wojciech Jaruzelski were dispersed by the troops of the Polish army and police. The forces used in the main thrust against the miners consisted of eight Company military unit companies of riot police ZOMO , supported by ORMO police reservists and NOMO with seven water cannon s, three companies of military infantry fighting vehicle s each of 10 vehicles and one company of tanks. The miners repeatedly fought them off with their tools. During the brawl a number of strikers and 41 troops were injured, including 11 severely. In the apex of the events, a commando type special platoon of ZOMO opened the shoot to kill fire at the strikers, killing nine of them Jan Stawisi ski, Joachim Gnida, J zef Czekalski, Krzysztof Giza, Ryszard Gzik, Bogus aw Kopczak, Andrzej Pe ka, Zbigniew Wilk and Zenon Zaj c and wounding 21 others. One of the deaths took place after 20 or more days in hospital with severe head wounds. Aftermath The repressions after the pacification included sentencing ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Pacification of Libya image File Omar Mokhtar arrested by Italian Fascists.jpg 300px caption Cyrenaican rebel leader Omar Mukhtar the man in robes with a chain on his left arm after his arrest by Italian armed forces in 1931. Mukhtar was executed in a public hanging shortly afterward. partof place Libya date 1928 &ndash 1932 result Italian military victory and stabilization of Italian rule in Libya. Defeat of the Cyrenaican and Tripolitanian rebels. Ethnic cleansing of the Cyrenaican indigenous population. ref Anthony L. Cardoza. Benito Mussolini the first fascist . Pearson Longman, 2006 Pp. 109. ref Mass deaths of Cyrenaican indigenous civilians. ref Christopher Duggan. The Force of Destiny A History of Italy Since 1796 . New York, New York, USA Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007. Pp. 497. ref Execution of Senussi Cyrenaican rebel leader Omar Mukhtar . combatant1 flagicon Kingdom of Italy crowned Kingdom of Italy 1861 1946 Italy combatant2 flagicon image Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Cyrenaica Cyrenaican rebels br flagicon image Flag of Vilayet i Trablusgarp.svg Tripolitania Tripolitanian rebels commander1 flagicon Kingdom of Italy crowned Rodolfo Graziani br flagicon Kingdom of Italy crowned Pietro Badoglio commander2 flagicon image Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Omar ... University Press, 2006. Pp. 309. ref notes The Pacification of Libya is the name given to a period ... leader Omar Mukhtar . The pacification resulted in mass deaths of the indigenous people in Cyrenaica ... the Pacification. At the signing ceremony of the document, Prime Minister of Italy Italian Prime Minister ... in the Pacification of Libya. ref John Wright. Libya A Modern History . Kent, England, UK ... Croom Helm, Ltd., 1983. Pp. 33. ref The Pacification The Pacification began in 1928 with Italian forces ... ended the resistance, and in January 1932, Badoglio proclaimed the end of the Pacification of Libya ... population that were in use until they were closed in 1933, one year after the Pacification ... more details
Use dmy dates date January 2012 Orphan date January 2012 Refimprove date January 2012 DISPLAYTITLE Pacification of Rabaul infobox military conflict conflict Pacification of Rabaul partof the Solomon Islands campaign Solomon Islands Campaign of World War II image File US Marine Airstrike on Rabaul.PNG 300px caption Photo taken from US Marine SBD dive bomber on 2 August 1944, during another air raid on Rabaul. The aircraft are attacking Rabaul s defenses and a previously sunken cargo ship. date 17 December 1943 8 August 1945 place Rabaul , Papua New Guinea coordinates map type latitude longitude map size map caption map label territory result Allied victory, effectiveness of Japanese forces at Rabaul destroyed status combatant1 flag United States br flag New Zealand br flag Australia combatant2 flagicon Japan Imperial Japan combatant3 commander1 commander2 commander3 units1 units2 units3 strength1 United States Marine Corps USMC , US Army Air Forces USAAF , United States Navy USN , and Royal New Zealand Air Force RNZAF aircraft strength2 Imperial Japanese Army Air Service IJAAF and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service IJN aircraft strength3 casualties1 151 aircraft, 25 of them bombers casualties2 250 aircraft Japanese claim br 789 aircraft Allied claim casualties3 notes campaignbox Rabaul is a town located in Eastern New Britain, Papua New Guinea . Japanese forces Battle of Rabaul 1942 landed on Rabaul on 23 February 1942, capturing it in February of that year. The former Australian territory was transformed into a major Japanese naval and air installation. It was heavily relied on by the Japanese, and was used as a launching point for Japanese reinforcements to Tokyo Express Guadalcanal . Throughout the Solomon Islands campaign Solomons Campaign , neutralizing Rabaul became ... over Rabaul. Pacification Allied fighters and bombers continued to attack Rabaul through 1944 and 1945 ... date 1963 accessdate 16 July 2008 author Maj. Douglas T. Kane, Henry I. Shaw Persondata NAME Pacification ... more details
Refimprove date April 2011 Infobox Military Conflict conflict Pacification of Algeria partof French colonial campaigns image File Bonifacio L gion JPG1.jpg 250px caption Monument to the French Foreign Legion French Foreign L gionnaires who died during the South Oranese campaign date 1835 1903 place Algeria result French victory combatant1 Image Flag of France.svg 23px France combatant2 Arab s and Berbers commander1 General Thomas Robert Bugeaud Bugeaud br Mar chal de France Mar chal Jacques Louis Randon Randon commander2 Abd al Qadir al Jaza iri Abd El Kader br Lalla Fatma N Soumer br Cheikh El Mokrani strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 Following the French conquest of Algeria conquest of the Regency of Algiers , the Pacification of Algeria consists of a series of military operations which aimed to put an end to various tribal rebellions, Ghazi warrior Razzia razzias and massacre s of French settlers, which were sporadically held in the Algerian countryside. The pacification of Algeria is an early example of unconventional warfare . Background After the conquest of Algeria by France and the defeat of Ottoman Empire Ottoman troops, France occupies the Regency of Algiers . The end of military resistance to the French presence did not mean that the region was pacified. France faced several tribal rebellions, settlers massacres and razzias in French Algeria . To pacify the region, many campaigns and pacification operations were conducted for nearly 70 years, from 1835 1903. Campaigns First Campaign against Abd el Kader 1835 1837 See also Abd al Qadir al Jaza iri Tribal elders in the territories near Mascara, Algeria Mascara chose twenty five year old Abd al Q dir Abd el Kader , to lead the jihad against the French. Abd al Q dir, who was recognized as Amir al Muminin commander of the faithful , quickly gained the support of tribes in the western territories. In 1834 ... of Defence ref References references Former French colonies DEFAULTSORT Pacification Of Algeria Category ... more details
French colonial campaigns The Pacification of Tonkin 1886 1896 was a slow and ultimately successful military and political campaign undertaken by the French colonial empire French Empire in the northern portion of Tonkin modern day north Vietnam to re establish order in the wake of the Sino French War August 1884 April 1885 , to entrench a French protectorate in Tonkin, and to suppress Vietnamese people Vietnamese opposition to French rule. Background Image Ferdinand Jamont.jpg thumb right 200px General Edouard Ferdinand Jamont 1831 1918 , the first commander of the Tonkin occupation division Following their colonisation of Cochinchina in the 1860s, the French attempted to extend their influence into Tonkin . A first, abortive attempt to intervene in Tonkin was made by Francis Garnier in 1873. Nine years later, in April 1882, Henri Rivi re naval officer Henri Rivi re seized the citadel of Hanoi , inaugurating the second French intervention. Although Rivi re s career ended in disaster a year later, with his defeat and death at the hands of the Black Flag Army at the Battle of Paper Bridge 19 May 1883 , Jules Ferry s expansionist government in France sent strong reinforcements to Tonkin to avenge this defeat. Although it would take many years before Tonkin was truly pacified, the second French attempt to subdue Tonkin was ultimately successful. In August 1883, in the wake of Admiral Am d e Courbet s victory at the Battle of Thuan An , the Vietnamese court at Hu was forced to recognise a French protectorate over both Annam French protectorate and Tonkin. ref Thomazi, Conqu te , 166 ref Efforts by the French to entrench their protectorate in Tonkin were complicated ... of the pacification Image Execution of pirate chief.jpg thumb right 200px Execution of a pirate chief ..., and in 1896 it became possible for French politicians to speak of the pacification of Tonkin with genuine ... 1883 86 French Indochina Wars in Vietnam 1858 1886 DEFAULTSORT Pacification Of Tonkin Category ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Pacification of Manchukuo partof Second Sino Japanese War image File IJA troops in Manchuria.jpg 300px caption Japanese troops in Manchuria, 1931 date November 4, 1931 to Spring 1941 place Manchukuo result Japanese Manchurian victory combatant1 flagicon image Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China combatant2 flag Empire of Japan br flag Manchukuo commander1 flagicon Republic of China Ma Zhanshan br flagicon Republic of China Ting Chao br flagicon Republic of China Feng Zhanhai br flagicon Republic of China Tang Juwu br flagicon Republic of China Wang Fengge br flagicon Republic of China Wang Delin br flagicon Republic of China Su Bingwen br flagicon Republic of China Zhao Shangzhi br flagicon Republic of China Yang Jingyu br flagicon Republic of China Zhou Baozhong br flagicon Republic of China Li Zhaolin commander2 flagicon Empire of Japan Shigeru Honj br flagicon Empire of Japan Nobuyoshi Mut br flagicon Empire of Japan Takashi Hishikari br flagicon Empire of Japan Jir Minami br flagicon Empire of Japan Kenkichi Ueda br flagicon Empire of Japan Yoshijir Umezu br flagicon Empire of Japan Seishiro Itagaki br flagicon Manchukuo Xi Qia br flagicon Manchukuo Ma Zhanshan br flagicon Manchukuo Chang Hai peng strength1 Chinese 300,000 strength2 Japanese 84,000 br Manchurian 111,000 casualties1 ? casualties2 ? campaignbox Campaignbox Second Sino Japanese War The Pacification of Manchukuo , was a campaign to pacify the resistance to the newly established puppet state of Manchukuo between the Anti Japanese Volunteer Armies of Manchuria and later the Chinese Communist Party Communist Northeast Anti Japanese United Army and the Imperial Japanese Army and the forces of the Manchukuo government during the Second Sino Japanese War which took place from March 1932 until 1941, which resulted in a Japanese ... viewtopic.php?t 110707 Pacification of Manchukuo 1932 1941 includes some photos http www.time.com ... more details
Catherine of Castile may refer to Catherine of Lancaster , Queen consort of Castile Infanta Catherine, Duchess of Villena Catherine of Castile , Infanta of Castile and Aragon, Duchess of Villena Catherine, Princess of Asturias Catherine of Aragon , Infanta of Castile and Aragon, Queen consort of England Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal Catherine of Austria , Infanta of Castile and Aragon, Queen consort of Portugal dab ... more details
Elvira of Castile may refer to Elvira of Castile, Queen of Le n 965 1017 Elvira of Toro 1038 9 1101 Elvira of Castile, Countess of Toulouse before 1082? 1151 Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily c. 1100 1135 See Also Elvira of Le n disambiguation hndis cs Elv ra Kastilsk de Elvira von Kastilien ... more details
New Castile may refer to New Castile Spain from the Spanish Castilla la Nueva , a Spanish historical region in the southern part of the former Kingdom of Castile Governorate of New Castile from the Spanish Gobernaci n de Nueva Castilla , a region in the former overseas Spanish Empire Luzon , formerly known by its Spanish name of Nueva Castilla , the largest island in the Philippines disambig de Neukastilien ... more details
Beatrice of Castile may refer to Beatrice of Castile 1242 1303 , married to Afonso III of Portugal Beatrice of Castile 1254 1286 , married to William VII, Marquess of Montferrat Beatrice of Castile 1293 1359 , married to Afonso IV of Portugal Beatrice of Castile died 1409 , mother of Enrique P rez de Guzm n, 2nd Count de Niebla hndis DEFAULTSORT Beatrice of Castile br Beatriz Kastilha ca Beatriu de Castella de Beatrix von Kastilien es Beatriz de Castilla desambiguaci n nl Beatrix van Castili ja pl Beatrycze Kastylijska pt Beatriz de Castela ... more details
Sancha of Castile may refer to Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre c.1139 1179 ,daughter of Alfonso VII of Castile and his first wife Berenguela of Barcelona wife of Sancho VI of Navarre Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon 1154 5 1208 , daughter of King Alfonso VII of Castile by his second queen, Richeza of Poland wife of Alfonso II of Aragon hndis fr Sancha de Castille Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Constable of Castile lang es Condestable de Castilla was a title created by John I of Castile John I , King of Crown of CastileCastile in 1382 , to substitute the title Alf rez Mayor del Reino . The constable was the second person in power in the kingdom, after the King, and his responsibility was to command the military in the absence of the ruler. In 1473 Henry IV of Castile made the title hereditary for the Velasco family and the Duke of Fr as Dukes of Fr as . After these changes, the title ceased to have any military or administrative connotations, and was simply an honorific title. List of Constables of Castile Alfons d Arag n Alonso de Arag n , natural son of Ferdinand II of Aragon Pedro Enrique de Trast mara , son of Fadrique Alfonso of Castile Ruy L pez de D valos lvaro de Luna Miguel Lucas de Iranzo Pedro Fern ndez de Velasco, 2nd Count of Haro Category Spanish nobility Category Spanish Army Category Military history of Spain Category 1382 establishments ca Conestable de Castella es Condestable de Castilla fr Conn table de Castille nl Condestable van Castili ... more details
la icon conventional long name Kingdom of Castile common name Castile national motto continent Europe ... s2 Crown of Castile flag s2 Banner of arms crown of Castille Habsbourg style.svg image coat Coat of Arms of Castile with the Royal Crest.svg image flag Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.svg flag border no image map 506 Castile 1210.png image map caption plainlist style padding center 0.6em text align center Legend CD858B The Kingdom of Castile in 1210. capital Burgos & Toledo, Spain Toledo religion ... King leader1 Ferdinand I of Castile Ferdinand I small first small year leader1 1037 1065 leader2 Ferdinand III of Castile Ferdinand III small last small year leader2 1217 1230 today flag Spain Kingdom of Castile lang es Reino de Castilla , lang la Regnum Castellae was one of the medieval kingdoms ... County of Castile and was held in vassal age from the Kingdom of Le n . Its name comes from the host of castle s constructed in the region. It was one of the kingdoms that founded the Crown of Castile ... of Alfonso III of Asturias the first reference to the name Castile Castilla can be found ... of Castile, bordered in the south by the Montes de Toledo , was re populated by inhabitants of Cantabri ... Romance dialect and laws. The first Count of Castile was Rodrigo of Castile Rodrigo in 850, under Ordo o ... being named to Alava, Burgos, Cerezo & Lantar n, and a reduced Castile. In 931 the County was reunified ... with the Kingdom of Le n File Pen nsula ib rica 1037.svg thumb 425px Kingdom of Castile 1037 The minority of Count Garc a S nchez led Castile to accept Sancho III of Navarre , married to the sister ... his younger son Garc a s nephew Ferdinand I of Le n Ferdinand as Count of Castile, marrying him to his uncle s intended bride, Sancha of Le n. Following Sancho s 1035 death, Castile returned to the nominal ... and Castile, for the first time associating the royal title with the rule of Castile. When Ferdinand I died in 1065, the territories were divided among his children. Sancho II of Castile Sancho II became ... more details
Coming to power in 1369, the House of Trast mara was a lineage of of rulers of the Crown of Castile Castilian and Crown of Aragon Aragonese thrones . The line of Trast maran royalty in Castile ruled throughout ... throne. This lineage ultimately ruled in Castile from the rise to power of Henry II of Castile Henry ... King Alfonso XI of Castile Alfonso XI in 1350, his eldest son, Peter, took control of the Castilian throne as Peter of Castile Peter I of Castile . Peter was born to Alfonso and his wife, Maria ... when the Castilian crown signed a peace treaty with Aragon in 1360. File Pedro Castile beheading.jpg ... de France . Gaining support throughout Kingdom of CastileCastile because of his relation to Alfonso XI of Castile Alfonso XI and Peter s continuous military escapades, Henry built an alliance with Kingdom ..., and growing support in important cities in parts of Castile, Henry s forces again invaded the Castilian ... of his brother, Peter I of Castile. Henry II s Reign Following his killing of his half brother, Peter I, Henry of Trast mara took control of the crown of Castile as Henry II of Castile Henry II ... privileges. The public rise of this new class of nobles caused discontent and instability in Castile ... , and Emirate of Granada Granadian attempts to invade and take control of Castile. Henry made an agreement ... put the Trast maras in control of both Castile and Aragon, comprising a majority of the Iberian Peninsula ... as John I of Castile. During his reign, John took Beatriz, daughter of the Portuguese King Fernando ... being carried out against Jews throughout Castile. Among the young king s accomplishments was his taking of control of the Canary Islands, providing Castile with a holding in the Atlantic Ocean .... The Trast maras now ruled in both the realms of Castile and Aragon. 1418 1469 Conflict within ... of Aragon, who had been given large amounts of land in Castile while their father worked as regent during John II s childhood. John II lacked widespread authority, and Castile became a battlefield for nobles ... more details
File Castile Soap.jpg thumb right A bar of Castile soap. Castile soap is a name used in English language English speaking countries for olive oil based soap made in a style similar to that originating in the Castile historical region Castile region of Spain . History The origins of Castile Soap can be traced back to The Levant where Nabulsi soap makers and Aleppo soap makers have been making olive and laurel oil based hard soaps for millennia. It is commonly believed that the Crusaders brought Aleppo soap and Nabulsi soap back to Europe with them in the 11th century. Following the Crusades, production of this soap was extended to the whole Mediterranean area. The first European soap making factories were created in the 12th century in Spain Alicante, Malaga, Carthagene and Castile and in Italy Naples, Savone, Genoa, Bologna and Venice and then, in the middle of the 15th century, in Marseille France, giving birth to Marseille soap . ref http www.syriahandmade.com galleries soap text soap 1.htm . Retrieved September 2011. ref However, early soap makers in Europe did not have easy access to laurel oil and therefore dropped it from their formulations thereby creating an olive oil soap now known as Castile soap. Importations of Castile soap through Antwerp appear in the London port books of 1567&ndash 68 Dietz 1972 , though the Oxford English Dictionary has no references to Castile soap earlier than 1616. In his article http www.pharmj.com Editorial 19991218 articles soap.html A short history of soap , John Hunt maintains that barilla an impure form of sodium carbonate obtained from plant ashes was boiled with locally available olive oil, instead of tallow . By adding brine to the boiled liquor, the soap was made to float to the surface, where it could be skimmed off by the soap boiler, leaving the excess lye and impurities to settle out. This produced what was probably the first ... a castrecipe.htm Castile Soap Recipes Make your own Castile Soap Hunt, John A. 1999 . http ... more details
la Corona Castellae la icon conventional long name Crown of Castile common name Castile continent ... Union of Kingdom of CastileCastile and Kingdom of Le n Le n date start event end Nueva Planta decrees ... date event2 12 October 1492 event3 date event3 event4 date event4 p1 Kingdom of Castile flag p1 Estandarte ... in Spain flag s1 Bandera de Espa a 1701 1760.svg image flag Royal Standard of Castile and Le n 13th century .svg flag border no flag Flag of Castile and Le n flag type Royal Standard image coat Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile 16th Century 1715 .svg symbol Coat of arms of Castile and Le n symbol type Coat of arms image map Corona de Castilla 1400 en.svg image map caption The Crown of Castile following the 1230 unification of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon. capital Burgos , Toledo, Spain ... Spanish real , br Spanish maraved leader1 Ferdinand III of Castile Ferdinand III small first small leader2 Joanna I of Castile Joanna I small last small year leader1 1230 1252 year leader2 1504 1555 title leader List of Castilian monarchs Monarch legislature Council of Castile Council stat year1 ... until Philip II of Spain Philip II fixed it to Madrid. The Crown of Castile ref name term group ... and definitive union of the crowns and parliaments of the kingdoms of Kingdom of CastileCastile and Kingdom of Le n Le n upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant ... of Castile and Crown of Aragon Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs in 1469 and wasn ... in the Americas and the Spanish Philippines Philippines were also considered part of the Crown of Castile. Two kingdoms Le n and Castile main Kingdom of Le n Kingdom of Castile The Kingdom of Le n arose out of the Kingdom of Asturias . The Kingdom of Castile appeared initially as a county of the Kingdom ... of Le n . Upon his death his kingdoms passed to his sons, Le n to Alfonso VI of Castile Alfonso VI , Castile to Sancho II of Castile Sancho II , and Galicia to Garc a of Galicia and Portugal Garc a . From ... more details
Le n . With the establishment of the Autonomous communities of Spain autonomous community of Castile ... became La Rioja autonomous community La Rioja . See also Castile historical region New Castile Spain New CastileCastile and Le n References This article draws on the es Castilla la Vieja corresponding ... regions in Spain Category Castile spain geo stub Spain hist stub ast Castiella la Vieya ca Castella ... more details
of Castile in Madrid 1753 . succession List of Castilian monarchs Queen regnant of Castile and Kingdom of Toledo Toledo reign 6 June 31 August 1217 predecessor Henry I of Castile Henry I successor Ferdinand III of Castile Ferdinand III succession1 List of Leonese consorts Queen consort ... III of Castile br Alfonso of Molina Infante Alfonso, 4th Lord of Molina br Berengaria of Le n Berengaria ... Alfonso VIII of Castile mother Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile Eleanor of England birth date ... of Kingdom of CastileCastile ref The full title was Regina Castelle et Toleti Queen of Castille ... The eldest daughter of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and his wife, Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile ... apparent to the throne of Castile, and hence a greatly desired party in all of Europe. Berengaria ... , Germany, the marriage contract was signed. Conrad then marched to Castile, where in Carri n ... Frederick, seeing his aspirations in Castile frustrated, lost all interest in continuing ... of Jerusalem Constance 1200 1242 , a nun in the Las Huelgas Abbey of las Huelgas Ferdinand III of Castile Ferdinand III 1201 1252 , King of Castile and Le n Eleanor 1202 Alfonso of Molina Alfonso 1203 ..., by whom he was the father of Mar a of Molina , wife of King Sancho IV of Castile Sancho IV of Le n and Castile . But in 1204, Pope Innocent III annulled the marriage on the grounds of consanguinity ... returned to Castile and to her parents, where she dedicated herself to the care of her children ... I of Castile Henry third and sole surviving son of the late king , who was only ten years old. Thus ... in order to avoid civil conflict in Castile. In February, 1216, an extraordinary parliamentary session ... in Castile had grown perilous for Berengaria, so she decided to take refuge in the castle of Autillo ... of all the magnates of Castile was held to attempt to reach an accord that would prevent civil war ... de Lara. Queen of Castile Circumstances changed suddenly when Henry died on 6 June 1217 after ... more details
Alabaster sculpture of Peter the Cruel, from 1504 succession King of Kingdom of CastileCastile ... II of Castile Henry II succession1 King of Castile and Le n reign1 1367 1369 predecessor1 Henry II successor1 Henry II spouse Blanche of Bourbon br Juana de Castro issue Infanta Constance of Castile Constance, Duchess of Lancaster br Infanta Isabella of Castile Isabella, Duchess of York issue link Children issue pipe among others... house Anscarids House of Burgundy father Alfonso XI of Castile mother Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile Maria of Portugal birth date Birth date 1334 08 30 df y birth place Burgos , Crown of CastileCastile death date Death date and age 1369 03 23 1334 08 30 df ... , was the king of Crown of CastileCastile and Le n from 1350 to 1369. He was the son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile Maria of Portugal , ref Estow, Clara, Pedro the Cruel of Castile, 1350 1369 , BRILL, 1995 , 30. ref daughter of Afonso IV of Portugal . Peter was the last ... to Joan of England 1335 1348 Joan , daughter of Edward III of England on her way to Castile, however ... II of Castile Henry of Trast mara at the head of a host of soldiers of fortune, ref Tuchman, 228. ref ... conversion s in Castile that lasted approximately from 1370 to 1390. Peter took forceful measures against ..., Henry of Trast mara returned to Castile historical region Castile in September, 1368. The cortes parliament of the city of Burgos recognized him as King of Castile. Others followed, including C rdoba ... Chaucer visited Castile during Peter s reign and lamented the monarch s death in The Monk s Prologue ... X of Castile Alfonso X had been involved in multiple rebellions to the Royal authority. With the death ... to the throne of England with Castile and Navarre to keep in check the French Crown since the marriages of Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile Eleanor of England and Berengaria of Navarre ... were Beatrice, nun at the Abbey of Santa Clara at Tordesillas Constance of Castile 1354 1394 Constance ... more details
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