Infobox Canal name The PanamaCanal image PanamaCanal Rough Diagram.png caption A schematic of the Panama ... lock note 2 lanes of locks locks built in three sites elev elev note status Open nav PanamaCanal ... Sea Caribbean top , with canal at top center The PanamaCanal lang es Canal de Panam is an convert 82 km mi 0 adj on ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean via the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key conduit for international ... difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the PanamaCanal shortcut made it possible for ships ... that is now the PanamaCanal was first Colombian, then French and then American before coming under the control of the Panamanian government in 1999. The PanamaCanal has seen annual traffic rise ... of 309.6 million Measurement ton PanamaCanal Universal Measurement System PC UMS tons . By 2008 ... Canal Traffic Years 1914 2010 publisher PanamaCanal Authority accessdate 2011 01 25 ref The American Society of Civil Engineers has named the PanamaCanal one of the seven wonders of the modern world ... thumb Satellite image showing location of PanamaCanal. Dense jungles are visible in green. Main History of the PanamaCanal The earliest mention of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama dates ... Canal French and American Construction Efforts publisher PanamaCanal Authority accessdate 2007 09 ... between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Eventually, the PanamaCanal Railway Panama Railway ... and issued a report on a route for a proposed PanamaCanal. ref name mw http www.isle of man.com ... twice that of the PanamaCanal. The France French , under Ferdinand de Lesseps , began construction on a sea level i.e. , without locks canal through what was then Colombia s province of Panama, on January ... they would encounter, as building the PanamaCanal was a project of massive scale. The geology ... publisher PanamaCanal Authority accessdate 2007 09 03 ref In addition, there was the limited ... more details
Politics of Panama The PanamaCanal Authority lang es Autoridad del Canal de Panam ACP is the agency of the government of Panama responsible for the operation and management of the PanamaCanal . The ACP took over the administration of the PanamaCanal from the PanamaCanal Commission , the joint US Panama agency that managed the Canal, on December 31, 1999, when the canal was handed over from the United States to Panama as the Torrijos Carter Treaties stated. Establishment The PanamaCanal Authority ... thumb right Administration Building of the PanamaCanal. The board of directors is made up as follows ... Council. The PanamaCanal is defined by law to be an inalienable patrimony of the Republic .... Board of directors The PanamaCanal Authority Board of Directors is, as of November 2010, comprised ... reflist External links http www.pancanal.com Official website PanamaCanal coord 8 57 35.50 N 79 33 18 W type landmark region PA display title Category PanamaCanal Category Government of Panama Category Organizations based in Panama es Autoridad del Canal de Panam fr Autorit du Canal de Panama no PanamaCanal Authority ru sv PanamaCanal Authority ..., administration, management, preservation, maintenance, and modernisation of the Canal. It is responsible for the operation of the canal in a safe, continuous, efficient, and profitable manner. ref http www.pancanal.com eng general acp overview.html ACP Overview , from the PanamaCanal Authority ref The Organic Law of the PanamaCanal Authority, passed on June 11, 1997, provides the legal framework for the organization and operation of the canal. ref http www.pancanal.com eng legal law index.html Organic Law , from the PanamaCanal Authority ref Organization Image PanamaCanalLogo.png left 120px PanamaCanal Authority logo Because of its unique nature, the ACP has financial autonomy, as well as ownership of the canal s assets. The ACP is headed by an administrator and deputy administrator ... more details
Infobox Museum name PanamaCanal Museum native name Museo del Canal Interoce nico de Panam native name lang spa image Museo del Canal 02.jpg imagesize 200px caption The museum s fa ade. alt map type map caption map alt latitude longitude established 1997 dissolved location Panama City , Panama type collection visitors director president curator publictransit network website The PanamaCanal Museum lang es Museo del Canal Interoce nico de Panam is a non profit and public museum located in Panama City , Panama . Established in 1997, the museum is devoted to the history of the construction of the PanamaCanal in its various stages, including the first French construction attempt, the later construction by the United States , and the eventual transfer to Panamanian control. ref cite web url http www.panama museums.com en canal interoceanico.aspx title The Interoceanic Canal Museum publisher PanamaMuseums.com accessdate 2011 04 26 ref The current building dates from 1874 and served originally as the headquarter of both the French and U.S. companies engaged in the construction of the canal. ref name CASTILLERO cite book last1 Castillero first1 Alfredo title UNESCO Guides Panam la Vieja and Casco Viejo accessdate 2011 04 26 year 2004 publisher UNESCO Publishing isbn 92 3 103923 7 ref It is located in the city s old quarter. References Reflist External links http www.museodelcanal.com Official website in Spanish coord 8 57 07 N 79 32 05 W region PA type landmark source kolossus frwiki display title Category Buildings and structures in Panama Category Panama City Category Museums in PanamaPanama stub es Museo del Canal Interoce nico de Panam fr Mus e du canal interoc anique ... more details
The PanamaCanal fence , also known as the Wall of shame epithet Fence of shame , ref McPherson, Alan L. From Punks To Geopoliticians U.S. and Panamanian Teenagers and the 1964 Canal Zone Riots . The Americas Volume 58, Number 3, January 2002, pp. 395 418 http links.jstor.org sici?sici 0003 1615 200201 58 3A3 3C395 3AF 22TGUS 3E2.0.CO 3B2 O ref ref The beginning of the end of the PanamaCanal Zone, by Eric Jackson, 28 December 1999 http www.hartford hwp.com archives 47 354.html ref is a separation barrier built by the United States in the PanamaCanal zone that divided the Republic of Panama in two separate sections. Its construction started at the end of the 1950s when Panamanian students threatened with a patriotic invasion . It was part of the scenario of a very important date in Panama history the Martyrs Day Panama Martyr s Day on January 9, 1964, when the flag desecration incident spread and angry crowds formed along the fenced border between Panama City and the Canal Zone. At several points demonstrators stormed into the zone, planting Panamanian flags and began to tear down the Fence of shame creating gaps in front of the US District Court and several other spots along the fence. Canal Zone police tear gassed them and several were shot for pulling or climbing on the fence. The opinion of most Panamanians and most Latin Americans generally about the fence in question was expressed a few days later by Colombia s ambassador to the Organization of American States In Panama ... of the PanamaCanal Zone http www.cnn.com SPECIALS 1999 panama.canal stories history Troubled passageway following conflict through the PanamaCanalPanamaCanal Category History of Panama Category History of the PanamaCanal Zone Category PanamaCanal Category Separation barriers Category Walls Category Borders of Panama Category Borders of the United States Panama struct stub de Panamakanal Zaun es Valla de la Zona del Canal de Panam ... more details
title Infobox Former Subdivision native name Zona del Canal de Panam conventional long name Panama ... image flag PanamaCanal Zone Flag.png image coat CZSeal.jpg 120px capital Balboa, Panama Balboa ... The PanamaCanal Zone lang es Zona del Canal de Panam was a convert 553 sqmi km2 adj on insular area unorganized U.S. territory located within the Republic of Panama , consisting of the PanamaCanal ... Panama City and Col n, Panama Col n , which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of the Canal .... On February 26, 1904, the Isthmian Canal Convention was proclaimed. In this, the Republic of Panama ... ce6 world A0837445.html title PanamaCanal accessdate 2008 06 02 publisher infoplease.com ... destination of sorts, especially for visiting cruise ship s. Notable people born in the PanamaCanal ... Treaties PanamaCanal Treaty of 1977 treaty implementation plan. The brigade was reactivated in 2007 ... Wiseman made a film about the PanamaCanal Zone, entitled Canal Zone film Canal Zone , which was released and shown on PBS in 1977. History main History of the PanamaCanal Proposals for a canal Proposals for a canal across the Isthmus of Panama date back to 1529, soon after the Spanish conquest ... de Dios today Col n, Panama Col n , ref Major, p. 9. ref and though additional canal building proposals ... Jackson Jackson administration, which wanted rights to build a canal. In 1841, with Panama in rebellion ... eventually failed, but with Panama apparently unavailable, the US considered possible canal sites ... wide, and full authority to pass laws to govern that zone. The PanamaCanal Zone Canal Zone, or Zone ... turned over by Panama on May 4, 1904, when American officials reopened the Panama City offices of the canal ... of the Canal Zone The canal was operated by the PanamaCanal Company until 1979, when the PanamaCanal ... url http books.google.com ?id CSNTpYIB228C title Col n Man a Come Mythographies Of PanamaCanal ... of the company was also the List of Governors of PanamaCanal Zone Governor of the PanamaCanal ... more details
Citations missing date April 2011 Authorized in 1920, the PanamaCanal Division of the United States Army was organized in 1921 in order to insure the United States could adequately defend the Canal Zone similar divisions were organized to defend Hawaii and the Philippines . Its initial composition included the 19th Infantry Brigade 14th Infantry Regiment United States 14th and 65th Infantry Regiments, of which the 65th was stationed in Puerto Rico and the 20th Infantry Brigade 33rd Infantry Regiment United States 33rd and 42nd Infantry Regiment United States 42nd Infantry Regiment s . The two brigades appear to have been active until 1927. McGrath, The Brigade, p.166 Later, however, the commander of the PanamaCanal Department, Major General Preston Brown , determined that the defense of Panama would be better served by command groups representing the Atlantic and the Pacific. In 1932, the Army inactivated the division, keeping its Tables of Organization on file should the need arise to reactivate it. It never has. See also Divisions of the United States Army References Source Wilson, John B. 1997 . Maneuver and Firepower The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. Washington, DC Center of Military History. Category Divisions of the United States Army Category Military units and formations established in 1921 Category 1932 disestablishments Category History of Panama Category Military history of Panamapanama stub US army stub US mil hist stub ... more details
as List of Governors of PanamaCanal Zone Governor of the PanamaCanal Zone on April 1, 1975 ... George W. Bush . External links http www.pancanal.com eng history biographies parfitt.html PanamaCanal Authority biography s start succession box before David Stuart Parker title List of Governors of PanamaCanal Zone Governor of PanamaCanal Zone years 1975&ndash 1979 after Post Abolished s end ... of the Vietnam War Category United States Army generals Category Governors of the PanamaCanal Zone ...Major General Harold Robert Parfitt U.S. Army Ret. August 6, 1921 May 21, 2006 was Governor of the PanamaCanal Zone from 1975 to 1979. MG Parfitt was born in Coaldale, Pennsylvania , on August 6, 1921, the son of William Parfitt and Elizabeth Patterson Parfitt. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1943 graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1948 graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1955 Canadian National Defense College in 1962 and from an advanced management program at Harvard in 1967. He married Patricia Rose Scully on June 4, 1955. Parfitt was commissioned second lieutenant United States second lieutenant of the United States Army in 1943 advanced through the ranks to Major general United States major general in 1971. He served as commanding general, United States Army Engineer Center Commandant, United States Engineer School at Fort Belvoir , Virginia, from late 1973 to March 1975. He was Deputy, and later District Engineer of the Engineer Division, South Atlantic, in Jacksonville, Florida, from August 1962 to May 1965. In June 1965, he became lieutenant governor of the Canal Zone and vice president of the PanamaCanal Company, serving until September 1968. From December 1969 to August 1973, he was division engineer, U.S. Army Engineer Division, Southwest, Dallas, Texas. Parfitt was commanding officer ... alumni US army bio stub Panama politician stub de Harold Parfitt ja ... more details
Image Wikipediacanal.jpg thumb 250px The Miraflores Locks in 2004 The history of the PanamaCanal goes ... States , which completed the present PanamaCanal in 1913 and officially opened it in 1914. Along the way, the state of Panama was created through its separation from Colombia in 1903. Today, the canal .... The French project Image PanamaCanal MK1888 kl.png thumb left 250px 1888 German map of the Panama ... across Panama then a part of Colombia and across Nicaragua canal Nicaragua , with a route across the Isthmus ... River problem was left unresolved. Construction begins Image The PanamaCanal The Great ... speculation that a canal through Nicaragua would render a Panamacanal useless. The largest number ... out at 40,000,000. This recommendation became a law on June 28, 1902, and the New PanamaCanal Company ... by the American takeover of the French PanamaCanal project. However, the increase in modern shipping ... Commission in favor of a Nicaragua Canal , and pushed through the acquisition of the French PanamaCanal effort. George S. Morison engineer George S. Morrison stood alone on that commission for the Panama ... the United States control of the PanamaCanal Zone on February 23, 1904, for US Dollar US 10 ... ceremony. The newly created PanamaCanal Zone Control came under the control of the Isthmian Canal Commission ... the course Image Panamacanal shepherd map.png 400px thumb right This elevation map of the PanamaCanal .... In November 1906, Roosevelt visited Panama to inspect the canal s progress. This was the first ... of the PanamaCanal Living conditions The Canal Zone originally had minimal facilities for entertainment ... in earnest Image PanamaCanal under construction, 1907.jpg 200px thumb right The Culebra Cut in 1907 ... quickly. The Gaillard Cut Main Gaillard Cut Image Panamacanal shepherd elevation.png 400px thumb right ..., early 1910s, showing center wall and intakes, looking north. Main PanamaCanal Locks The project ... ship to make a complete transit of the PanamaCanal under its own steam, having worked its way ... more details
Image Acpfigure1.jpg thumb 350px Components of the project The Expansion of the PanamaCanal Third Set of Locks Project is a project that will double the capacity of the PanamaCanal by 2014 by allowing ... 24, 2006 and Panama nian citizens PanamaCanal expansion referendum, 2006 approved it in a national ... components Construction of two PanamaCanal Locks lock complexes one on the Atlantic side and another ... for the Expansion of the PanamaCanal by the PanamaCanal Authority en icon ref On September 3, 2007, after approval by the Cabinet, National Assembly and PanamaCanal expansion referendum, 2006 referendum ... Panama to Vote on Canal Expansion Oct. 22 , The Washington Post en icon ref , the PanamaCanal expansion project officially started. Panama s then president Mart n Torrijos stated that the Canal ... 01 05 ref Background The capacity of the PanamaCanal is determined by a number of factors, of which .... Today, the studies developed by the PanamaCanal Authority ACP as part of its Master Plan, with a horizon ..., whether the trend upon which the PanamaCanal Authority makes those projections can continue for a generation. Original research date May 2010 The growth in PanamaCanal usage over the past few years ... will be a viable alternative to the PanamaCanal within the next 10 to 20 years. ref name Arctic ... 08 08 ref The two main current competitors of the PanamaCanal are the U.S. intermodal freight transport ...?vCOUNTRY 133&UID 1375565 Analysis Expanding the PanamaCanal By INGRID VASQUEZ ref Although the Canal ... short, any business can raise its price for it and this would apply to PanamaCanal tolls as much ... locks Image Newatlanticlocks.jpg thumb 250px New Atlantic locks The Canal today has PanamaCanal ... a significant portion of the area Earthworks engineering excavated by the History of the PanamaCanal ... instead of PanamaCanal Locks Mules locomotives . As in the case of the rolling gates, tugs ... PanamaCanal Celebrates Anniversary with New Locks.php title PanamaCanal Celebrates Anniversary with New ... more details
More footnotes date April 2009 div style float right clear right margin left 1.4em Image PanamaCanal Gatun Locks.jpg thumb none The Gatun Locks of the PanamaCanal , looking north towards the Atlantic Ocean . Image PanamaCanal Rough Diagram.png none thumb This diagram of the PanamaCanal illustrates ... PanamaCanal Lock Section.png none thumb Cross section through the locks of the canal, showing the construction .... Image PanamaCanal Gatun Locks opening.jpg thumb none Gates of the Gatun locks open for a cruise ... are doubled for safety. Image PanamaCanal Ship Entering Chamber.jpeg thumb none A cargo ship fits ... Visitors Center is in the background. Image PanamaCanal Gatun Lock Chamber.jpeg thumb .... Image PanamaCanal Locks Construct.jpeg thumb none The middle wall of Gatun locks, during ... PanamaCanal Lock Forms.jpeg thumb none The main culvert forms are seen in the foreground here during construction behind can be seen the towering wall forms. div The PanamaCanal Locks , which lift ships up 25.9 m 85 ft to the main elevation of the PanamaCanal , were one of the greatest ... m 85 ft . The locks are to be PanamaCanal expansion project expanded in the near future ... of the Miraflores locks, PanamaCanal 19380308.jpg thumb Fender chain picture from 1938 Beyond this, the original ... http www.pancanal.com eng noticiero canal faqs index.html PanamaCanal Authority FAQ http www.czbrats.com Menus bennett.htm History Of The PanamaCanal , by Ira E. Bennett http www.pancanal.com eng history history A History of the PanamaCanal , from the PanamaCanal Authority note rockscement ... Menus Builders menu.htm The Builders of the PanamaCanal , http www.czbrats.com CZ Brats http www.czbrats.com Builders Goethals contents.htm The PanamaCanal , by Colonel George W. Goethals http www.czimages.com ... PanamaCanal Category PanamaCanal Locks Category Locks water transport es Esclusas del Canal de Panam fr cluses du canal de Panama sv Panamakanalens slussar ... more details
refimprove date January 2011 Infobox rail railroad name PanamaCanal Railway Company logo filename PanamaCanal Railway logo.svg logo size 150 system map PanamaCanal rough diagram quick.jpg map size 300 map caption Rough map of the PanamaCanal Railway showing original route with Gatun Lake etc. added. For new route after canal was built see Maps of Panama Railroad. ref Maps of Panama Railroad http www.panamarailroad.org accessed 5 May 2010 ref image PanamaCanal Railway Container Train.JPG image caption An intermodal train led by two PanamaCanal EMD F40PH F40PH s through Col n, Panama . old ... Panama City Panama City, Panama The PanamaCanal Railway Company reporting mark PCRC is a railway ... of the PanamaCanal over a parallel route half a century later. The principal incentive for the building ... spent digging this cut later the PanamaCanal would require years to cut it deep enough for a canal .... The existence of the railway was one of the keys to the selection of Panama as the site of the canal ... canal in 1914. The construction and opening of the PanamaCanal The construction of the Panama ... to men working on the PanamaCanal. The railroad, starting in 1904, had to be massively upgraded .... The railway greatly assisted the building of the PanamaCanal. Besides hauling all the millions of tons ... engine, then plowed the dirt spoils away from the track. ref DuTemple, Lesley A. The PanamaCanal .... The rebuilt, much improved and often rerouted Panama Railway continued along side the new canal ... the canal, at a cost of 9,000,000 1,000,000 more than the original. Present day railroad Image PanamaCanal Railway Passenger Train.JPG right thumb 225px PanamaCanal 1861 at the head of a passenger ... PanamaCanal Railway Company PCRC , a joint venture between the Kansas City Southern Railroad and privately ... large shipping containers, to complement the PanamaCanal in cargo transport. The line is now Single ... 1872 gallery Image PanamaCanal Railway.jpg EMD F40PH in Southern Belle livery in Col n. Image Colon ... more details
The University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection includes materials from the George A. Smathers Libraries University of Florida Libraries Government Documents Department, ref In the Federal Depository Library Program , the UF Libraries Government Documents Department is the Federal Depository Library Program Types of depository libraries Regional Depository Library for Florida , Puerto Rico , and the US Virgin Islands . ref the UF Libraries Latin American Collection, the UF Libraries Map & Imagery Library, and other shared collections including the Panama and the Canal Digital Collection , which is in collaboration with the PanamaCanal Museum. The UF Libraries Government Documents Department is also the Center of Excellence for the US PanamaCanal Commission and its predecessor agencies . ref The Center of Excellence is included in the description of the http ufdc.ufl.edu pcm Panama and the Canal Digital Collection ref Reflist External links http www.uflib.ufl.edu docs UF Libraries Government Documents Department http www.uflib.ufl.edu lac UF Libraries Latin American Collection http www.uflib.ufl.edu maps UF Libraries Map & Imagery Library http ufdc.ufl.edu pcm Panama and the Canal Digital Collection Category Geographic region oriented digital libraries Category PanamaCanal Zone Category Regions of Central America Category States and territories established in 1903 Category 1979 disestablishments Category Zones ... more details
Infobox bridge bridge name Third Bridge over PanamaCanal native name native name lang es image image size alt caption official name other name carries Four lanes of traffic, pedestrian s and bicycle s crosses Atlantic Ocean Atlantic approach to the PanamaCanal locale Col n, Panama Col n , PAN owner maint architect designer HPDI and Louis Berger Group engineering design double pylon, double plane cable stayed bridge material Prestressed concrete length convert 990 m width height mainspan convert 530 m ft spans 3 230, 530, 230 m pierswater 1 load clearance below convert 75 m ref name 2011 06 04 ... width coordinates lat long extra The Third Bridge over PanamaCanal is a proposed road bridge in Col n, Panama Col n , Panama , which will span the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic entrance to the PanamaCanal . When completed it will be a third bridge over the PanamaCanal after the Bridge of the Americas and the Centennial Bridge, Panama Centennial Bridge both on the Pacific Ocean Pacific side of the canal ... . ref name 2011 06 04 cite news title Chinese firm to design new bridge over PanamaCanal work Xinhua ... in August 2012. ref cite news title Three Qualified To Bid On Third Bridge Over PanamaCanal Project work publisher Panama Guide date 30 March 2012 url http www.panama guide.com article.php 20120330122026296 ... 2012 ref cite news title Construction Of Third Bridge Over PanamaCanal in Colon Will Start in October 2012 work publisher Panama Guide date 27 March 2012 url http www.panama guide.com article.php 20120327134916877 ... newscentre businessupdate 201106 t20110620 5100.html Bridge on the CCCC webpage PanamaCanal DEFAULTSORT Third Bridge over PanamaCanal coord missing Panama Category Bridges in Panama Category PanamaCanal Category Col n, Panama Category Buildings and structures in Panama Category Road bridges ... xx cite news title Third Bridge Over Canal to be Tendered in August work publisher CentralAmericaData date 28 March 2012 url http www.centralamericadata.com en article home Third Bridge Over Canal ... more details
Portal Panama Politics of Panama The PanamaCanal expansion referendum was held on October 22, 2006, when the citizens of Panama approved the PanamaCanalPanamaCanal expansion project expansion project ... , any proposal for the construction of a third set of locks or a sea level PanamacanalCanal on the existing route that the PanamaCanal Authority ACP proposes has to be approved by the executive ... Panamanian Constitution, page 109. es icon ref Proposal main PanamaCanal expansion project Image Acpfigure1.jpg thumb right Components of the project The PanamaCanal expansion proposal was presented ... integrated components The construction of two PanamaCanal Locks lock complexes, one on the Atlantic ... PanamaCanal Expansion Proposal by the PanamaCanal Authority ref According to the ACP, the project ... wp dyn content article 2006 07 16 AR2006071600470.html Panama to Vote on Canal Expansion Oct ... read Do you approve the PanamaCanal expansion proposal proposal of construction of a Third Set of Locks on the PanamaCanal ? ref name tribunal http www.tribunal electoral.gob.pa referendum documentos ... for the children of Panama. Without an expanded canal, officials predicted, shipping traffic would ... result and offered to participate in the expansion of the PanamaCanal . ref http www.playfuls.com ... In Expansion Of PanamaCanal ref The trade organization Dansk Rederiforening the Danish Shipping Council was pleased with the decision to expand the PanamaCanal and believe that the expansion ... 9A02E3B96F2A415ABC72CB5F516B4C10&tier 3&nid 83C00B922850457095A1F4F2937F51E2 PanamaCanal Expansion ... 0,1641,CCCT 811 5089830,00.html PanamaCanal project to enhance local port ref Fitch Ratings stated that the approval of the PanamaCanal expansion referendum could yield positive results for the country ...&newsLang en Fitch PanamaCanal Referendum a Positive Development ref Polls PLEASE It should ... 3, 2006 http www.iht.com articles ap 2006 10 09 america LA GEN PanamaCanal Widening.php HTML 72 ... more details
One of the greatest challenges facing the builders of the PanamaCanal was dealing with the tropical ... from the start by the French canal company which built a large hospital at Ancon Hill near Panama City , Gorgas Hospital L Hospital Notre Dame de Canal which was regarded as the finest and most modern in the tropics. A smaller hospital was also built at Col n, Panama Colon along with a convalescent ... control of the PanamaCanal project on May 4, 1904, the isthmus of Panama was notorious for the terrible ... of the Panama Railway , and over 22,000 during the French effort to build a canal. Many of these deaths ... of the PanamaCanal s construction, there were zero. Gorgas s final means of attack upon disease ... Menus bennett.htm History of the PanamaCanal , Ira E. Bennett Building the PanamaCanal , Arthur .... Cameron, Ian 1972 . The Impossible Dream The Building of the PanamaCanal . New York William Morrow ..., Ill. Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568. PanamaCanal Category PanamaCanal Category Malaria ... of the canal s construction. These included general health care, the provision of an extensive ... head of sanitation at the Suez Canal . ref David McCullouch, The Path Between the Seas , Simon and Shuster ... on the Panama Railway had actually halted due to the lack of any healthy workers. It was clear to the organizers ... Ross in India that malaria was spread by mosquitos. The sanitation effort The Canal Commission ... the canal zone. There was considerable resistance to this program at first, as the mosquito theory ... into action. Gorgas divided Panama into 11 districts, and Col n, Panama into four. In each district ... the swamp s and wetland s around the canal zone. Many miles of ditches were dug, and grass and brush ... of Gorgas s actions, cases of malaria and yellow fever in the canal zone dropped dramatically in a short ... to eradicate mosquitoes in Panama fumigation . Gorgas fumigated the residences of those Panamanians ... was realized, fumigation was extended to all of Panama. Within a year of Stevens s appointment ... more details
The following were Governors of the PanamaCanal Zone while it was under United States U.S. control Military Governors 1904 1914 class wikitable bgcolor dddddd bgcolor dddddd Name Chinese baby eater bgcolor dddddd Took Office 29 012012 bgcolor dddddd Left Office bgcolor EEEEEE 1 bgcolor EEEEEE George Whitefield Davis bgcolor EEEEEE 1904 bgcolor EEEEEE 1905 bgcolor EEEEEE 2 bgcolor EEEEEE Charles Edward Magoon bgcolor EEEEEE 1905 bgcolor EEEEEE 1906 bgcolor EEEEEE 3 bgcolor EEEEEE Richard Reid Rogers bgcolor EEEEEE 1906 bgcolor EEEEEE 1907 bgcolor EEEEEE 4 bgcolor EEEEEE Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn bgcolor EEEEEE 1907 bgcolor EEEEEE 1909 bgcolor EEEEEE 5 bgcolor EEEEEE Maurice Hudson Thatcher bgcolor EEEEEE 1910 bgcolor EEEEEE 1913 bgcolor EEEEEE 6 bgcolor EEEEEE Richard Lee Metcalfe bgcolor EEEEEE 1913 bgcolor EEEEEE 1914 Civil Governors 1914 1979 class wikitable bgcolor dddddd bgcolor dddddd Name bgcolor dddddd Took Office bgcolor dddddd Left Office bgcolor EEEEEE 1 bgcolor EEEEEE George Washington Goethals bgcolor EEEEEE 1914 bgcolor EEEEEE 1917 bgcolor EEEEEE 2 bgcolor EEEEEE Chester Harding governor Chester Harding bgcolor EEEEEE 1917 bgcolor EEEEEE 1921 bgcolor EEEEEE 3 bgcolor EEEEEE Jay Johnson Morrow bgcolor EEEEEE 1921 bgcolor EEEEEE 1924 bgcolor EEEEEE 4 bgcolor EEEEEE Meriwether Lewis Walker bgcolor EEEEEE 1924 bgcolor EEEEEE 1928 bgcolor EEEEEE 5 bgcolor EEEEEE Harry Burgess governor Harry Burgess bgcolor EEEEEE 1928 bgcolor EEEEEE 1932 bgcolor EEEEEE 6 bgcolor EEEEEE Julian Larcombe Schley bgcolor EEEEEE 1932 bgcolor EEEEEE 1936 bgcolor EEEEEE 7 bgcolor EEEEEE ... bgcolor EEEEEE 17 bgcolor EEEEEE Harold Parfitt PanamaCanal Harold Parfitt bgcolor EEEEEE 1975 bgcolor ... of Canal Zone Governors Lists of US Governors Category Governors of the PanamaCanal Zone Category Lists of governors of U.S. insular areas PanamaCanal Zone Category People of the Banana Wars Category Panama related lists Governors of PanamaCanal Zone de Liste der Gouverneure der Panamakanalzone ... more details
States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the PanamaCanal to be built by the U.S. Army ... of the Canal from the United States to Panama by the end of the century. ref name cia cite web url ... for a century or two. Modern Panamanian history has been shaped by its Panamacanal transisthmian ... on the site of the present PanamaCanal. On the other hand, the Panamanian movement for independence ... Canal Treaty.jpg thumb right President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the PanamaCanal Treaty . In the first eighty years following independence from Spain, Panama ... to renegotiate the PanamaCanal Treaty, negotiated under the Carter administration, with President ... successfully handled the PanamaCanal transfer and was effective in the administration of the Canal ... location on the Isthmus of Panama is strategic. By 2000, Panama controlled the PanamaCanal which connects ... part of the PanamaCanal . The lake was created between 1907 and 1913 by the building of the Gatun ... end of the PanamaCanal, namely the Port of Cristobal and the Port of Balboa, are ranked second and third ... es Rep blica de Panam conventional long name Republic of Panama common name Panama image flag Flag of Panama.svg image coat Coat of Arms of Panama.svg image map Panama orthographic projection .svg ... anthem of Panama official languages Spanish demonym Demographics of Panama Panamanian capital Panama City, PanamaPanama City latd 8 latm 58 latNS N longd 79 longm 32 longEW W largest city capital ... title1 President of Panama President leader name1 Ricardo Martinelli leader title2 Vice President of Panama Vice President leader name2 Juan Carlos Varela legislature National Assembly of Panama ... 2CPPPPC 2CLP&grp 0&a title Panama publisher International Monetary Fund accessdate April 19, 2012 ref ... calling code 507 Panama IPAc en audio En us Panama 2.ogg p n m Respell PAN mah lang es Panam , officially the Republic of Panama lang es Rep blica de Panam links no IPA es re pu lika e ... more details
Culture of PanamaPanama has been an important media hub, because of its strategic location between North America North and South America . The largest newspapers in Panama in terms of circulation are American Panama , CriticaLa Prensa , and El Siglo Panama El Siglo all of which are published in Panama City . Weekly newspapers include the Critica Libre and La Cronica . All of these are published in Spanish language Spanish , and are also based in Panama City. The media of Panama has been highly influenced by that of the United States, since the construction of the PanamaCanal . Radio broadcasting in Panama began in 1922, and television broadcasting in 1956. Radio and television broadcasts also reached the PanamaCanal Zone because it lay within the vicinity of Panama. A famous military broadcast network, the Southern Command Network SCN , broadcast in Panama until the United States withdrew from the canal in 1999. The SCN remained on the air for hours during the invasion of Panama by U.S troops in 1989. Color television in Panama is provided by the NTSC system. The media was under strict control during the regime of the dictators that ruled Panama from 1968 to 1989, including Manuel Noriega . The newsletter La Prensa was formed in 1981 to oppose his rule. The media of Panama was very anti Americanism anti American following Noriega s overthrow, and highly influenced the 1994 presidential election. Panama s official broadcaster is National Television of Panama , which was founded in 1961. NTP started Panama s first color television service in 1972. Freedom of the press is guaranteed in Panama, as is the case in most other countries in the Western Hemisphere. See also List of radio stations in Panama List of newspapers in Panama List of television stations in Panama Further reading Mellander, Gustavo A. Nelly Maldonado Mellander 1999 . Charles Edward Magoon The Panama Years ..., Ill. Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568. Americas topic Media of Panama topics Category Panamanian ... more details
Panama or Panam is a republic in Central America. Panama may also refer to Geography and places Isthmus of Panama , the isthmus on which the country is located PanamaCanal , a famous canal through the isthmus Panama City , the capital of the Republic of Panama Panam Province , one of that country s component provinces Brazil Panam , Goi s , a city in the state of Goi s Canada Terminus Brossard Panama AMT , a bus terminal in Brossard, Quebec United States Panama, California Panama, California, alternate name of Rio Bravo former settlement , California Panama City, Florida Panama City Beach, Florida Panama, Illinois Panama, Iowa Panama, Nebraska Panama, Oklahoma Sri Lanka Panama Beach, Arugam Bay Media Panama jazz standard , a traditional jazz tune Panama Prison Break Panama Prison Break episode , the 42nd episode of Prison Break Panama song , a song by American hard rock band Van Halen Panama Hattie , a theater musical Panama album Panama album , an album by A Balladeer Ships USS Panama SP 101 USS Panama SP 101 , a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1920 USS Panaman ... from 1918 to 1919 SS Panama 1902 , a passenger ship launched in 1902. Other Panama ad system , an online advertising platform Panama, a brand of cigar produced by Imperial Tobacco, sold in the United Kingdom Panama cocktail , a cocktail made with cognac PANAMA , a cryptographic primitive that can be used as a hash function and a stream cipher Panama disease , a banana plant disease Panama hat , a traditional brimmed hat Panama sheep , an American sheep breed disambig geo bg br Panama ca Panama cs Panama rozcestn k de Panama Begriffskl rung es Panam desambiguaci n fr Panama homonymie it Panama disambigua ht Panama menm non lv Panama noz mju atdal ana lt Panama reik m s mn nl Panama ja no Panam andre betydninger oc Panam pl Panama ujednoznacznienie pt Panam desambigua o ro Panama dezambiguizare ru sk Panama fi Panama t smennyssivu ... more details
Official Site of the PanamaCanal Authority Economy and Business es http www.mef.gob.pa ...double image right Flag of Panama.svg 187 Coat of Arms of Panama.svg 102 The Flag of Panama The Coat of arms of Panama Image LocationPanama.svg thumb The location of Panama Image Panama relief 1995.jpg thumb An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of Panama See also Index of Panama related articles The Republic of Panama is a List of sovereign states sovereign country located on the Isthmus of Panama ... library publications the world factbook geos pm.html title Panama work The World Factbook publisher ... categorize Panama as a transcontinental nation connecting the North America northern and South America southern portions of the Americas . Panama borders Costa Rica to the north west, Colombia ... and Caribbean side. Although Panama is the 3rd largest economy in Central America, after Guatemala ... ref The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Panama TOC limit limit 2 General reference Image Panama CIA WFB Map.png thumb An enlargeable basic map of Panama International Phonetic Alphabet Pronunciation Common English country name Panama Official English country name The Republic of Panama Common endonym s List of countries and capitals in native languages Official ... forms of place names Countries and nations Demonym s Etymology Name of Panama International rankings of Panama ISO country codes PA, PAN, 591 ISO region codes See ISO 3166 2 PA Internet country code top level domain .pa Geography of Panama Image Panama Topography.png thumb An enlargeable topographic map of Panama Main Geography of PanamaPanama is a Nation state country Location Northern Hemisphere ... America Time zone Eastern Standard Time UTC 05 Extreme points of Panama High Volc n Bar convert 3475 ... Rica 330 km Flag Colombia 225 km Coastline 2,490 km Population of Panama 3,343,000 List of countries by population 131st most populous country Area of Panama 75,517 km sup 2 sup commons Atlas ... more details
SS Panama may relate to the following ships SS Panama 1848 6 , was a ship of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company . SS Panama 1881 6 , was a British ship that was wrecked in 1891. SS Aleutian SS Panama was an 1898 built passenger liner of the PanamaCanal Railway Panama Railroad Steamship Company 1905 1926. SS Panama 1902 6 , was purchased by the Royal Navy in 1920, renamed RFA Maine and served in the Mediterranean Fleet, on the China Station, and was based at Alexandria, Egypt, during World War II. She was decommissioned in 1947, and broken up. SS Panama 1939 6 , was a ship of the Panama Line . Shipindex ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2012 Infobox television channel name Canal logofile Canal .svg logosize 200px ... Canal Group parent Vivendi key people slogan Cr ateur original de programmes originaux motto country ... by names timeshift names web http www.canalplus.fr www.canalplus.fr CanalCanal Plus , C , meaning .... It is 80 owned by the Canal Group , which in turn is owned by Vivendi SA . The channel broadcasts ... on Canal and on satellite on Canal Clair Clear . Canal is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast ... French television channel, Canal started broadcasting on 4 November 1984. In 1986, the channel ... of the digital satellite platform CanalSat Canalsatellite on 27 April 1996, Canal received two new sister channels Canal Jaune and Canal Bleu. ref cite web url http www.canalplusgroup.com pid163.htm anch 26 title L historie du Groupe Canal de 1983 nos jours accessdate 3 April 2009 ref A fourth channel, called Canal Vert came along on 31 August 1998. The channels changed their names to Canal D cal , Canal Cin ma and Canal Sport. In September 2005, Canal , Canal Cin ma and Canal Sport started broadcasting in the French digital terrestrial television network. The free to air parts of Canal had already been broadcasting for a few months by then. In August 2008, Canal started broadcasting the encrypted parts of its main channel in high definition in the terrestrial network. Canal plans ... ?p 16260 title Canal plans analogue switch off date 3 April 2009 publisher broadbandtvnews ref An account of the rise of Canal and CanalSatellite, and the establishment of the Canal Group as a major ... 3.4 Les Cha nes Canal Les Cha nes Canal ref cite web url http www.vivendi.com vivendi Canal EN title Les Cha nes Canal Programs for all tastes accessdate 25 June 2009 ref is the brand name used for all the Canal branded channels in France. Prior to 2008 it was called Canal Le Bouquet . class toccolours ... Canal 1984 no 4 4 4 Aspect ratio image 16 9 standard 16 9 standard definition television SDTV 24 hours ... more details
Infobox Ethnic group group Indo Panamanians poptime 15,000 http mea.gov.in meaxpsite foreignrelation panama.pdf popplace Panama City Col n, Panama Col n langs Spanish language Spanish Various Indian Languages rels Hinduism Islam Christianity related c Indians in Belize Indians in Venezuela There are an estimated 15,000 people of Indian origin in Panama . They are employed in the shipping industry while others are mainly engaged in commerce. A majority are Hindu with a substantial Muslim minority and they maintain temples and mosques in Panama City and Col n, Panama Col n . Panama s Indian community originates from Gujarat or to Sindh now a part of Pakistan . The first significant immigration was during the US phase of the building of the Panama Canal, and were primarily from the Caribbean islands and British Guiana, now Guyana under British rule. Many of the founders of the Colon Free Zone were Indians. Since then, the Indian community has grown with a slow but steady stream of immigrants. References reflist Panama Demographics http moia.gov.in showsublink.asp?sublinkid 226 Indian Associations in Panama http mea.gov.in meaxpsite foreignrelation panama.pdf India Panama Relations http www.thepanamanews.com pn v 11 issue 15 community 01.html India Festival in Panama http www.thepanamanews.com pn v 11 issue 15 community 02.html Panama City s Hindu temple NRI PIO Category Indian diaspora by country Panama Category Ethnic groups in Panama ... more details
Infobox Network network name Canal A name br Canal A logo File Canal A Colombia logo 1992 1998.jpg 150px image network type Terrestrial television Broadcast Television Network branding Canal A airdate country Colombia available Colombia founder slogan es icon Es televisi n br en icon It s Television motto market share license area broadcast area Colombia area erp owner Inravisi n Instituto Nacional de Radio y Televisi n key people foundation launch date March 27, 1972 as Segunda Cadena br January 1, 1992 as Canal A closure date February 2, 2004 replaced by Canal Institucional dissolved past names Segunda Cadena 1973 1979 1979 1983 br Segunda Cadena Color 1979 br Cadena Dos or Cadena 2 1984 1991 digital analog servicename1 service1 servicename2 service2 servicename3 service3 servicename4 service4 callsigns callsign callsign meaning former callsigns affiliates groups affiliation affiliations former affiliations website footnotes Canal A was a Colombia n state owned privately run national television channel. It was launched March 27, 1972 as Segunda Cadena , since it was the second television channel in Colombia, and replacing Tele 9 Coraz n which in turn had replaced privately owned Teletigre , a local channel covering Bogot . Until December 31, 1991 it was known as Cadena Dos Network Two , sometimes spelled Cadena 2 . During its existence, Canal A branded as such in 1992 in order to promote competition with Canal Uno , the other national channel broadcast programmes produced or imported by programadoras programming companies , which bid for time slots with the Colombian state ..., audience measurement ratings for the state owned channels Canal Uno and Canal A steadily dropped ... which remained on Canal A, was moved to Canal Uno. On February 2, Canal A left the airwaves. It was replaced by fully state owned Canal Institucional . See also Canal Institucional Television in Colombia ... stub Colombia tv stub es Canal A ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Panama Warriors is a major league amateur american football team based in Panama City , Panama , and founded in 1988. Currently the team plays on the LIFAP Liga de Football Americano de Panam , or Panama Football League for its meaning in English. The team is one of the ten teams that make up the LIFAP major football league. Other teams in the league include the Wolfpack 2007 champions , Sharks, Raiders and Col n, Panama Col n Eagles 2008 champions . The complete list of teams for the 2009 LIFAP tournament is as follows Wolfpack Warriors Sharks Raiders Col n, Panama Col n Eagles Vaqueros from Santiago de Veraguas Saints Florida State University PanamaCanal Branch FSU Panama Seminoles Universidad Cat lica Santa Mar a La Antigua USMA Frailes Vikings Currently, both the Warriors and the Saints remain as the oldest major football organizations currently active in Panama. National Championships 1992 External links http warriors.com.pa Panama Warriors Official site http football.com.pa American Football in Panama Category American football teams Category Panama City Warriors Category Panam Province Panama stub Americanfootball stub ... more details
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