es Rep blica de Panam conventional long name Republic of Panama common name Panama image flag Flag of Panama.svg image coat Coat of Arms of Panama.svg image map Panama orthographic projection .svg ... anthem of Panama official languages Spanish demonym Demographics of Panama Panamanian capital Panama City, PanamaPanama City latd 8 latm 58 latNS N longd 79 longm 32 longEW W largest city capital ... title1 President of Panama President leader name1 Ricardo Martinelli leader title2 Vice President of Panama Vice President leader name2 Juan Carlos Varela legislature National Assembly of Panama ... 2CPPPPC 2CLP&grp 0&a title Panama publisher International Monetary Fund accessdate April 19, 2012 ref ... calling code 507 Panama IPAc en audio En us Panama 2.ogg p n m Respell PAN mah lang es Panam , officially the Republic of Panama lang es Rep blica de Panam links no IPA es re pu lika e ... is Panama City . Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain ... , named the Republic of Gran Colombia . When the latter dissolved in 1830, Panama and Nueva Granada ... States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama Canal to be built by the U.S. Army ... of the Canal from the United States to Panama by the end of the century. ref name cia cite web url ... portion of Panama s GDP. Panama has the third or fourth largest economy in Central America ... most recent by country publisher Nationmaster.com accessdate June 26, 2010 ref In 2010 Panama ranked ... UNDP author UNDP Human Development Report 2010 p. 144 ref As of 2010, Panama is the second most ... Economic Forum WEF . Panama s jungle is home to an abundance of tropical plants, animals and birds ... americas country profiles 1229332.stm work BBC News title Country profile Panama date June 30, 2010 ref Etymology linked There are several theories about the origin of the name Panama . Some believe that the country ... arrived in Panama in August, when butterflies abound, and that the name means many butterflies ... more details
Politics of Panama In Panama a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district. See Cocl Province Districts Articles on third level administrative divisions of countries DEFAULTSORT Corregimientos Of Panama Category Corregimientos of Panama Category Subdivisions of Panama Category Country subdivisions of the Americas Panama 3 Category Third level administrative country subdivisions Corregimientos, PanamaPanama geo stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Panama Bay is a large body of water off the coast of southern Panama , at Coord 8.8333333 N 79.25 W . It is a part of the greater Gulf of Panama . Category Bays of PanamaPanama geo stub ... more details
double image right Flag of Panama.svg 187 Coat of Arms of Panama.svg 102 The Flag of Panama The Coat of arms of Panama Image LocationPanama.svg thumb The location of Panama Image Panama relief 1995.jpg thumb An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of Panama See also Index of Panama related articles The Republic of Panama is a List of sovereign states sovereign country located on the Isthmus of Panama ... library publications the world factbook geos pm.html title Panama work The World Factbook publisher ... categorize Panama as a transcontinental nation connecting the North America northern and South America southern portions of the Americas . Panama borders Costa Rica to the north west, Colombia ... and Caribbean side. Although Panama is the 3rd largest economy in Central America, after Guatemala ... ref The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Panama TOC limit limit 2 General reference Image Panama CIA WFB Map.png thumb An enlargeable basic map of Panama International Phonetic Alphabet Pronunciation Common English country name Panama Official English country name The Republic of Panama Common endonym s List of countries and capitals in native languages Official ... forms of place names Countries and nations Demonym s Etymology Name of Panama International rankings of Panama ISO country codes PA, PAN, 591 ISO region codes See ISO 3166 2 PA Internet country code top level domain .pa Geography of Panama Image Panama Topography.png thumb An enlargeable topographic map of Panama Main Geography of PanamaPanama is a Nation state country Location Northern Hemisphere ... America Time zone Eastern Standard Time UTC 05 Extreme points of Panama High Volc n Bar convert 3475 ... Rica 330 km Flag Colombia 225 km Coastline 2,490 km Population of Panama 3,343,000 List of countries by population 131st most populous country Area of Panama 75,517 km sup 2 sup commons Atlas of Panama Atlas of Panama Environment of Panama Image Satellite image of Panama in March 2003.jpg thumb ... more details
Panama or Panam is a republic in Central America. Panama may also refer to Geography and places Isthmus of Panama , the isthmus on which the country is located Panama Canal , a famous canal through the isthmus Panama City , the capital of the Republic of Panama Panam Province , one of that country s component provinces Brazil Panam , Goi s , a city in the state of Goi s Canada Terminus Brossard Panama AMT , a bus terminal in Brossard, Quebec United States Panama, California Panama, California, alternate name of Rio Bravo former settlement , California Panama City, Florida Panama City Beach, Florida Panama, Illinois Panama, Iowa Panama, Nebraska Panama, Oklahoma Sri Lanka Panama Beach, Arugam Bay Media Panama jazz standard , a traditional jazz tune Panama Prison Break Panama Prison Break episode , the 42nd episode of Prison Break Panama song , a song by American hard rock band Van Halen Panama Hattie , a theater musical Panama album Panama album , an album by A Balladeer Ships USS Panama SP 101 USS Panama SP 101 , a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1920 USS Panaman ... from 1918 to 1919 SS Panama 1902 , a passenger ship launched in 1902. Other Panama ad system , an online advertising platform Panama, a brand of cigar produced by Imperial Tobacco, sold in the United Kingdom Panama cocktail , a cocktail made with cognac PANAMA , a cryptographic primitive that can be used as a hash function and a stream cipher Panama disease , a banana plant disease Panama hat , a traditional brimmed hat Panama sheep , an American sheep breed disambig geo bg br Panama ca Panama cs Panama rozcestn k de Panama Begriffskl rung es Panam desambiguaci n fr Panama homonymie it Panama disambigua ht Panama menm non lv Panama noz mju atdal ana lt Panama reik m s mn nl Panama ja no Panam andre betydninger oc Panam pl Panama ujednoznacznienie pt Panam desambigua o ro Panama dezambiguizare ru sk Panama fi Panama t smennyssivu ... more details
Culture of PanamaPanama has been an important media hub, because of its strategic location between North America North and South America . The largest newspapers in Panama in terms of circulation are American Panama , CriticaLa Prensa , and El Siglo Panama El Siglo all of which are published in Panama City . Weekly newspapers include the Critica Libre and La Cronica . All of these are published in Spanish language Spanish , and are also based in Panama City. The media of Panama has been highly influenced by that of the United States, since the construction of the Panama Canal . Radio broadcasting in Panama began in 1922, and television broadcasting in 1956. Radio and television broadcasts also reached the Panama Canal Zone because it lay within the vicinity of Panama. A famous military broadcast network, the Southern Command Network SCN , broadcast in Panama until the United States withdrew from the canal in 1999. The SCN remained on the air for hours during the invasion of Panama by U.S troops in 1989. Color television in Panama is provided by the NTSC system. The media was under strict control during the regime of the dictators that ruled Panama from 1968 to 1989, including Manuel Noriega . The newsletter La Prensa was formed in 1981 to oppose his rule. The media of Panama was very anti Americanism anti American following Noriega s overthrow, and highly influenced the 1994 presidential election. Panama s official broadcaster is National Television of Panama , which was founded in 1961. NTP started Panama s first color television service in 1972. Freedom of the press is guaranteed in Panama, as is the case in most other countries in the Western Hemisphere. See also List of radio stations in Panama List of newspapers in Panama List of television stations in Panama Further reading Mellander, Gustavo A. Nelly Maldonado Mellander 1999 . Charles Edward Magoon The Panama Years ..., Ill. Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568. Americas topic Media of Panama topics Category Panamanian ... more details
SS Panama may relate to the following ships SS Panama 1848 6 , was a ship of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company . SS Panama 1881 6 , was a British ship that was wrecked in 1891. SS Aleutian SS Panama was an 1898 built passenger liner of the Panama Canal Railway Panama Railroad Steamship Company 1905 1926. SS Panama 1902 6 , was purchased by the Royal Navy in 1920, renamed RFA Maine and served in the Mediterranean Fleet, on the China Station, and was based at Alexandria, Egypt, during World War II. She was decommissioned in 1947, and broken up. SS Panama 1939 6 , was a ship of the Panama Line . Shipindex ... more details
Diocese of Panama may refer to Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Panam Diocese of Panama Anglican a diocese of the Anglican Church in Central America . disambig ... more details
Infobox Ethnic group group Indo Panamanians poptime 15,000 http mea.gov.in meaxpsite foreignrelation panama.pdf popplace Panama City Col n, Panama Col n langs Spanish language Spanish Various Indian Languages rels Hinduism Islam Christianity related c Indians in Belize Indians in Venezuela There are an estimated 15,000 people of Indian origin in Panama . They are employed in the shipping industry while others are mainly engaged in commerce. A majority are Hindu with a substantial Muslim minority and they maintain temples and mosques in Panama City and Col n, Panama Col n . Panama s Indian community originates from Gujarat or to Sindh now a part of Pakistan . The first significant immigration was during the US phase of the building of the Panama Canal, and were primarily from the Caribbean islands and British Guiana, now Guyana under British rule. Many of the founders of the Colon Free Zone were Indians. Since then, the Indian community has grown with a slow but steady stream of immigrants. References reflist Panama Demographics http moia.gov.in showsublink.asp?sublinkid 226 Indian Associations in Panama http mea.gov.in meaxpsite foreignrelation panama.pdf India Panama Relations http www.thepanamanews.com pn v 11 issue 15 community 01.html India Festival in Panama http www.thepanamanews.com pn v 11 issue 15 community 02.html Panama City s Hindu temple NRI PIO Category Indian diaspora by country Panama Category Ethnic groups in Panama ... more details
Image Gulf of Panama.png thumb 300px Gulf of Panama with minor gulfs. The Gulf of Panama lang es Golfo De Panam is a Headlands and bays gulf in the Pacific Ocean , near the southern coast of Panama . It has a maximum width of convert 250 km , a maximum depth of convert 220 m and the size of convert 2,400 sqkm . ref http www.worldwildlife.org wildworld profiles terrestrial nt nt1414 full.html World Wildlife Fund Gulf of Panama mangroves ref The Panama Canal connects the Gulf of Panama with the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . The Panamanian capital Panama City is the main urban centre on the gulf shore. The gulf itself also contains a few minor gulfs, with Panama Bay to the north, Gulf of Parita to the west and Gulf of San Miguel to the east. The gulf has a few islands and on the coast there are a few important ports, like Panama City, La Palma, Panama La Palma and Chitr . Pearl Islands is a group of over two hundred islands situated to the east in the gulf. Panama s largest river, Tuira River Tuira , flows south into the Gulf of San Miguel. Notes references coord 8.08642 N 79.28284 W source placeopedia scale 2500000 display title Category Bays of Panama Category Gulfs of the Pacific Ocean PanamaPanama geo stub bn ca Golf de Panam cs Panamsk z liv de Golf von Panam es Golfo de Panam fr Golfe de Panama fy Golf fan Panama gl Golfo de Panam ko it Golfo di Panama he lt Panamos lanka nl Golf van Panama ja no Panamabukten pl Zatoka Panamska pt Golfo do Panam ro Golful Panama ru sv Panamabukten th uk vi V nh Panama ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Panama Warriors is a major league amateur american football team based in Panama City , Panama , and founded in 1988. Currently the team plays on the LIFAP Liga de Football Americano de Panam , or Panama Football League for its meaning in English. The team is one of the ten teams that make up the LIFAP major football league. Other teams in the league include the Wolfpack 2007 champions , Sharks, Raiders and Col n, Panama Col n Eagles 2008 champions . The complete list of teams for the 2009 LIFAP tournament is as follows Wolfpack Warriors Sharks Raiders Col n, Panama Col n Eagles Vaqueros from Santiago de Veraguas Saints Florida State University Panama Canal Branch FSU Panama Seminoles Universidad Cat lica Santa Mar a La Antigua USMA Frailes Vikings Currently, both the Warriors and the Saints remain as the oldest major football organizations currently active in Panama. National Championships 1992 External links http warriors.com.pa Panama Warriors Official site http football.com.pa American Football in Panama Category American football teams Category Panama City Warriors Category Panam Province Panama stub Americanfootball stub ... more details
Panama Rose may refer to Rondeletia odorata , the Panama Rose, an evergreen shrub from Panama and Cuba The pseudonym used by Ira Cohen s then girlfriend Rosalind when she wrote The Hashish Cookbook in Tangier , Morocco mid 1960s , which was later published by Cohen s Gnaoua Press New York, 1966 disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2010 Politics of PanamaPanama is divided into nine province s lang es provincias and three provincial level indigenous regions Spanish Comarca comarcas ind genas , often foreshortened to comarcas . There are two further comarcas within provinces that are considered equivalent ... declared it a province. Image Countries Panama provinces 2005 10 18 en.png thumb center 200px A map of Panama, showing its nine provinces and three provincial level comarcas ind genas indigenous ... Toro Bocas Town, Bocas del Toro Bocas del Toro Chiriqu Province Chiriqu David, Panama David Cocl Province Cocl Penonom Col n Province Col n Col n, Panama Col n Dari n Province Dari n La Palma, Panama La Palma Herrera Province Herrera Chitr Los Santos Province Los Santos Las Tablas, Panama Las Tablas Panam Province Panam Panama City Panam Veraguas Province Veraguas Santiago de Veraguas Comarcas ... Porvenir, Panama El Porvenir Ng be Bugl Comarca Llano Tugri class wikitable sortable Sub Provinces class wikitable sortable Comarca Province Kuna de Madugand Panama City Kuna de Wargand Dari n, Panama Dari n See also ISO 3166 2 PA br clear all Provinces and regions of Panama Stubs Articles on first ... divisions of South American countries Panama topics DEFAULTSORT Provinces Of Panama Categories Category Provinces of Panama Category Subdivisions of Panama Category Lists of country subdivisions Panama, Provinces Category Country subdivisions of the Americas Panama 1 Category First level administrative country subdivisions Provinces, Panama Category Panama related lists Panama geo stub Other languages ... de Panam eu Panamaren banaketa administratiboa fr Provinces du Panama hy ... Provincies van Panama ja pl Podzia administracyjny Panamy pt Prov ncias do Panam ro Subdiviziunile Republicii Panama ru sv Panamas provinser uk vi Ph n c p h nh ch nh Panama zh ... more details
Panama Hotel can refer to Panama Hotel San Diego, California Panama Hotel Seattle, Washington disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. de Panama Hotel ... more details
USS Panama or USS Panaman has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to USS Panama SP 101 USS Panama SP 101 , a patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1920 USS Panaman ID 3299 USS Panaman ID 3299 , a cargo ship and troop transport in commission from 1918 to 1919 Shipindex DEFAULTSORT Panama Category United States Navy ship names Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Liberalism sidebar This article gives an overview of liberalism in Panama . It is limited to liberalism liberal political party parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn t necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party. Introduction Liberalism in Panama derived from liberalism in Colombia . The liberal current is one of the main political currents in Panama. The National Liberal Party Panama National Liberal Party Partido Liberal Nacional , observer Liberal International LI is a right of center liberal party, as is the Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement Partido Movimiento Liberal Republicano Nacionalista . The timeline National Liberal Party 1903 At the independence of Panama the Panama section of the Colombian Liberal Party established the National Liberal Party Panama Liberal Party Partido Liberal , led by Belisario Porras . 1940 The party is renamed into the National Liberal Party Panama National Liberal Party Partido Liberal Nacional . 1970 The party is banned. 1981 The party is allowed to register again. 1987 Factions formed the Progressive Liberal Party and the Authentic Liberal Party. 1989 The Progressive Liberal Party rejoined the party and its leader, Roderick Esquivel becomes party leader. Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement 1981 A faction of the liberal current established the Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement Movimento Liberal Republicano Nacionalista . Progressive Liberal Party 1987 A faction of the National Liberal Party formed the Progressive Liberal Party Panama Progressive Liberal Party Partido Liberal Progresista , led by Roderick Esquivel. 1989 The party rejoined the National ... See also History of Panama Politics of Panama List of political parties in Panama Latin America topic ... In Panama Category Liberalism by country Panama Category Politics of Panama ... more details
Politics of Panama Elections in Panama gives information on election and election results in politics of PanamaPanama . Panama elects on national level a head of state the president and a legislature . The president and the vice president are elected on one ballot for a five year term by the people. The National Assembly of Panama National Assembly Asamblea Nacional de Diputados has 71 members, elected for a five year term in single seat and multi seat constituency constituencies . Panama has a multi party system, with numerous political parties parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and political parties parties must work with each other to form coalition government s. Latest elections main Panamanian general election, 2009 Panamanian presidential election, 2009 Panamanian parliamentary election, 2009 Past elections and Referendums main Panamanian general election, 2004 Panamanian presidential election, 2004 Panamanian legislative election, 2004 Panamanian elections See also Electoral calendar Electoral system External links http psephos.adam carr.net countries p panama Adam Carr s Election Archive Americas topic Elections in Panama topics Category Elections in Panama ... more details
Infobox settlement official name Chepo native name pushpin map Panama mapsize 200px coordinates display inline,title coordinates region PA subdivision type Country subdivision name Panama subdivision type1 Provinces of Panama Province subdivision name1 Panam subdivision type2 Districts of Panama District subdivision name2 Chepo District leader title leader name established title established date area total km2 area footnotes population as of 2008 population total 17 757 population density km2 population footnotes ref http world gazetteer.com wg.php?x &men gcis&lng en&des wg&geo 167&srt npan&col abcdefghinoq&msz 1500&pt c&va x World Gazeteer Panama &ndash World Gazetteer.com ref timezone utc offset timezone DST utc offset DST latd 9 latm 10 lats 12 latNS N longd 79 longm 6 longs 0 longEW W elevation m area code website Chepo is a town located northeast of Panama City in Chepo District , Panam province , Panama . It is located five kilometers south of the Inter American Highway . ref name moon Friar, William. Panama . Moon Publications 2008 , p. 422. ISBN 159880085X. ref It is a sprawling town that is nearly a suburb of Panama City . ref name moon It contains a gas station, hospital, ATM, and a variety of stores. ref name moon Sources reflist Category Populated places in Panama fr Chepo nl Chepo ... more details
Refimprove date September 2010 Image Panama hat.jpg thumb right A Panama hat. Image Ecuador Panama hats.JPG thumb Panama hats sold on a street market in Ecuador Image PanamaHatHarryTruman.jpg thumb right Panama hat made for Harry Truman Image Panama boite.jpg thumb Montecristi Panama rolled up in a box ... vian school of Cusco Cuzco . The pilgrim hat has become a Panama hat. A Panama hat sometimes informally among hat enthusiasts, just a Panama see Isthmus of Panama is a traditional brimmed hat ..., were shipped first to the Isthmus of Panama before sailing for their destinations in Asia, the rest ... than their place of domestic origin stuck, hence Panama hats. ref The Panama Hat Trail , by Tom Miller travel writer Tom Miller , p. 1. ref The California Gold Rush 49ers picked up these hats in Panama , and when President Theodore Roosevelt visited the Panama Canal construction, he wore such a hat ... as 1834. ref Oxford English Dictionary ref Glorified during the 19th century, the Panama has since ... Edward VII , and some other aficionados. Usage Panama hats are often seen as accessories to summer ... weight, and breathable. The Panama is preferred for travel because its design allows it to return to its ... of President John F. Kennedy , hats in general were worn less often. However, the Panama seems to be one of the few hats to survive the test of time. Men can still be seen sporting a Panama in warm ... and Cavanaugh , now produce more Panama hats than felt hats, such as fedora s or bowler hat bowlers . Quality Panama hat quality is a heavily disputed subject. There are two main processes in the hat ... an attractive looking one, does not guarantee a well woven hat. It is said that a Panama of true quality ... disagree on how to rate the lesser quality hats. Although the Panama hat continues to provide a livelihood .... Panama hats can take up to 4 months to weave. They usually take 2 months to weave. citation needed ... and Laziz Hamani. Panama A Legendary Hat . 2004. Dom nguez, Miguel Ernesto. El sombrero de paja ... more details
primarysources date March 2011 The Panama Masters was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour that was played in 2004 and 2005 at Summit Golf & Resort in Panama City , Panama . Winners class wikitable Year Winner Country Score 2005 Kevin Haefner USA 276 2004 Miguel Fern ndez ARG 274 References reflist External links http www.europeantour.com challengetour season 2006 tournamentid 2006742 index.html Coverage on the Challenge Tour s official site Category Former Challenge Tour events Category Golf tournaments in PanamaPanama sport stub golf tournament stub ... more details
Infobox settlement name Panama Pacifico location Panama City , Panama website http www.panama pacifico.com www.panama pacifico.com Panama Pacifico is a mixed use real estate development in Panama . The project ... panama signs.aspx title Groundbreaking Ceremony held for Panama Pacifico accessdate 2009 07 27 publisher Panama Pacifico.com ref London & Regional Properties and Colombian banker Jaime Gilinski are developing the Panama Pacifico ref cite web url http www.panamapacifico.com Print.aspx?task view&option ... publisher Canal 13 Telemetro.com ref business and residential development in Arraij n District , Panama ... to develop the project. The US 705 million project, based on the former Howard Air Force Base in Panama ... in the world. Due to the site s proximity to the Panama Canal and an unused air strip, Panama Pacifico ... UK developer wins 705m Panama contract accessdate 2011 07 15 publisher The Times location London ... making Panama Pacifico an attractive place to live. 20,000 homes will be surrounded by a natural ... will be used to preserve the lushness of the area. Panama Pacifico encourages residents to enjoy ... plaza, Town Center, will serve as a central point for Panama Pacifico s retail, restaurant, and entertainment ... Opportunity to call Paradise Home accessdate 2009 07 28 publisher Panama Pacifico.com ref Economic Potential The favorable business climate in Panama offers many benefits and incentives to international ... Panama Pacifico will be very attractive to global corporations looking to set up regional headquarters in Central America. ref name times2007 Panama Pacifico s strategic location will be a competitive advantage for many businesses. In addition, the country of Panama offers tax benefits, and the stable ... doing trade within the hemisphere. Situated near the mouth of the Panama Canal, with east access ... Panama City, 35 minutes from Tocumen International Airport, and right next to the Pan American Highway ... Panama pacifico.com ref Panama Pacifico is drawing potential investors, even in challenging economic ... more details
Culture of Panama Image Iglesia San Pedro, Panama.jpg Iglesia San Pedro, Taboga Island , Panama. The Iglesia San Pedro is the second oldest colonial church in the Western Hemisphere. ref Katzman, Patricia. Panama . Hunter Publishing 2005 , http books.google.com books?id i94Ea2E97jAC&pg PA106&sig mfmfXPM 5Bifxr4y76KLNYPQdI p106 . ISBN 1588435296. ref thumb right The government of Panama does not collect statistics on the religious affiliation of citizens, but various sources estimate that 75 to 85 percent of the population identifies itself as Roman Catholic and 15 to 25 percent as evangelical Christian ... Report 2007 Panama . United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor September 14, 2007 ... Faith community of Panama is estimated at 2.00 of the national population, or about 60,000 ref name WCoC cite web title Panama work WCC Member churches Regions Latin America Panama publisher World ... title In Panama, some Guaymis blaze a new path journal One Country volume 1994 issue October December ... ref the Bah s maintain one of the world s seven Baha i Houses of Worship in Panama. ref name report ... ldsnewsroom eng contact us panamaPanama . LDS Newsroom. Retrieved 2008 12 13 ref Smaller ... , Panama City, Panama Catholics are found throughout the country and at all levels of society. ref ... s. ref name report The Jewish community is centered largely in Panama City . ref name report Muslims live primarily in Panama City and Colon, with smaller concentrations in David, Chiriqu David and other ... of religion in Panama freedom of religion , with some qualifications, and the Government ... name report See also Christianity in Panama Roman Catholicism in Panama Bah Faith in Panama Islam in Panama Freedom of religion in Panama References reflist External links http www.coolpanama.com religious radio panama.html Religious radiostations in Panama List with over 20 online broadcasting Panamanain radiostations Americas topic Religion in Panama topics Category Religion in Panama es Religi n ... more details
Infobox Encryption method name Panama image caption designers Joan Daemen , br Craig Clapp publish date February 2002 series derived from StepRightUp derived to MUGI related to certification key size 256 bits security claim state size structure rounds cryptanalysis Panama hash collisions can be generated in 2 sup 6 sup time. Panama is a cryptography primitive which can be used both as a hash function and a stream cipher . Based on StepRightUp , it was designed by Joan Daemen and Craig Clapp and presented in the paper Fast Hashing and Stream Encryption with PANAMA on the Fast Software Encryption FSE conference 1998. The cipher has influenced several other designs, for example MUGI . The primitive can be used both as a hash function and a stream cipher . The stream cipher uses a 256 bit key and the performance of the cipher is very good reaching 2 cycles per byte . As a hash function, collisions have been shown by Vincent Rijmen et al. in the paper Producing Collisions for PANAMA presented at FSE 2001. The attack shows a computational complexity of 2 sup 82 sup and with negligible memory requirements. At FSE 2007, Joan Daemen and Gilles Van Assche presented a practical attack on the Panama hash function that generates a collision in 2 sup 6 sup evaluations of the state updating function. Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen , Micha l Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche proposed, at NIST s 2006 Second Cryptographic Hash Workshop, unveiled a Panama variant called RadioGat n . RadioGat n is strictly a hash function it does not have the known weaknesses that Panama s hash function has. External links http www.quadibloc.com crypto co4821.htm John Savard s page on Panama http radiogatun.noekeon.org panama J. Daemen, G. Van Assche Producing Collisions for Panama Instantaneously Cryptography navbox hash stream Category Stream ciphers Category Broken hash functions fr PANAMA ... more details
The Panama Bight is a marine ecoregion on the Pacific Ocean Pacific coast of the Americas . The Panama Bight extends eastwards from the Azuero Peninsula in Panama along the coast of the Gulf of Panama and Archipelago de las Perlas . It continues south along the entire Pacific coast of Colombia to the coast of northern Ecuador . The Nicoya marine ecoregion bounds it on the north, and the Guayaquil marine ecoregion bounds it on the south. The Panama Bight ecoregion is home to rich coral beds in the near shore waters. While coral diversity is lower here than in the Caribbean Sea on the other side of Panama, the coral cover tends to be higher. In fact, the density of coral coverage here 90 percent coverage is common is rarely seen in the Caribbean. In addition to the coral beds, enclaves of Panama Bight mangroves can be found in the tidal zone. Threats El Ni o climate events have warmed the water of this ecoregion, which has led to bleached and killed coral. Outbreaks of the crown of thorns starfish Acanthaster planci have also reduced coral populations. Siltation from soil erosion has destroyed many coral areas. Additionally threats include deforestation on shore and destruction of the reefs due to fishing, as well as damage from domestic pollution, dam construction, mining, oil shipping, and pesticides. The Panama Bight ecoregion is one of the World Wildlife Fund s Global 200 priority ecoregions for conservation. External links http www.panda.org about wwf where we work ecoregions panama bight.cfm Panama Bight WWF http www.nationalgeographic.com wildworld profiles g200 g213.html Panama Bight National Geographic http www.nationalgeographic.com wildworld global.html?id 0&mapServiceName WW G200&locWidth 120&locHeight 72&cMinx 82.349846&cMiny 2.20349299999999&cMaxx 77.00251&cMaxy 9.03043700000001&size small&detail detailed Panama Bight map National Geographic References Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. Marine Ecoregions of the World A Bioregionalization ... more details
Image Sagamore Hill Gun Crew.jpg thumb 220px 155mm Cannon with Panama Mount The term Panama Mount describes a gunmount developed by the U.S. Army in Panama during the 1920s for fixed coastal artillery positions. Panama mounts were widely used during the buildup to and during World War II by the United States military. The mounts could be constructed as either full, 3 4 or half circles of steel rail set in concrete with a diameter of approximately 36 feet. A concrete column with a diameter of ten feet was constructed in the center of the circle to support the gun and carriage. The concrete column was connected to the outer concrete ring by concrete beams for alignment stability. Originally traverse was accomplished with several men and prybars to move the trailing arms around the steel ring. Later installations included a geared steel ring just inside of the outer steel rail for improved traverse. Canon de 155mm GPF , designated 155 mm gun M1917 M1918s in U.S. service, were often married with Panama mounts. The term Panama mount is often incorrectly used to describe other gunmounts with similar layouts and or purpose. Many surviving examples of these mounts can be found throughout California , Florida , and Alaska . gallery Image Panama Mount.jpg Recent photo of an abandoned Panama mount at Fort MacArthur Image 155mm GPF Garden Island WA 1943 AWM 054026.jpeg Panama mount in Western Australia showing center concrete column and concrete beams Image Panama Mount Battery 22 Ft Miles.jpg Panama mount at Battery 22, Former Fort Miles , now Cape Henlopen State Park , Delaware, with park s beach house in background Image 155mm Gun Plans 1942.jpg typical plan for Panama mount gallery See also Barbette mount Disappearing carriage List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation References Reflist External links http mchunter1.tripod.com info155.html Sitka s 155mm Battery http www.nae.usace.army.mil recreati ccc history ww2 coastal assets2 WorldWarIICoastalFortifica slide0 ... more details
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