Francesco Accarigi Macerata , c. 1557 &ndash 1622 was an Italian people Italian jurist and professor of Civil law legal system civil law at the University of Siena in Tuscany . Born in Macerata , he spent much of his life in Siena , and was considered a native of the latter city. In his youth, Accarigi had enjoyed the friendship of Bargalio and Benevento , men who had acquired considerable reputation for their knowledge of the law. He received his doctorate from Siena in 1580. In 1581, he was first called to the professorial chair, but was only employed to explain the Corpus Juris Civilis Institutiones of Justinian . Later, in 1589, his lectures were extended to the Pandects , when he became the first assigned that new professorship, which he held until 1593. While the professorship was intended to teach humanistic jurisprudence , he combined mos italicus and mos gallicus in his lectures. He was then appointed, by the grand duke Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand I , to lecture upon the civil law in general, after the manner of Jacques Cujas . At length, upon the death of Bargalio, Accarigi was promoted to the chair of ordinary professor of law, which he occupied for twenty years. So high was the reputation which he acquired in this office, that very advantageous proposals were repeatedly made him from other Italian universities. His partiality to his alma mater , and his gratitude to his patron, long prevented him from listening to them. However, when Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma added, to the very high salary of 1,300 ducatoni , the proposal of giving him the title of his counselor ducal councillor , the temptation was irresistible, and Accarigi moved to Parma in 1613. In 1618, Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand I was able to recall him, by giving him the first professorship in law at the University of Pisa , where he was employed until his death in 1622. References genbio cite book first Paul F. last Grendler authorl ... more details
Bernardo de Iturriaza 1608, Ezcaray , La Rioja autonomous community La Rioja , Spain &mdash 1678, Lima was a Spanish judge and colonial official. In his capacity as president of the Audiencia Real Audiencia of Lima he twice served as governor interim viceroy of Peru 1666 67 and 1672 74 . He studied law at the University of Alcal University of Alcal de Henares , qualifying in both civil and canon law. Afterwards he continued teaching at the University. After some years he was named to the chair of digesto y decretales pandects sup http www.poder judicial.go.cr digesto digesto.htm sup and decretal s sup http encyclopedia.jrank.org DAH DEM DECRETALS Epistolae decretales .html sup . Thereafter he began work in the Audiencia of Lima. In 1647 he was named alcalde for criminal law, and in 1652 he became an oidor a judge in the Audiencia . He rose to the position of decano president of the Audiencia. In the interval between the death of Viceroy Diego de Benavides, 8th Count of Santisteban in 1666 and the arrival of his replacement, Pedro Antonio Fern ndez de Castro , the following year, Iturriaza served as governor interim viceroy of Peru. This was from about March 1666 to about November 1667. He served again from about December 1672 to about August 1674, between the death of Fern ndez de Castro and the arrival of Baltasar de la Cueva Enr quez . Iturriaza died in 1678 in Lima. External links es icon http es.encarta.msn.com encyclopedia 961545188 Bernardo de Iturriaza.html Brief biography http www.webcitation.org 5kwPzJCFR Archived 2009 10 31 start box s gov succession box title List of Viceroys of Peru Viceroy of Peru years 1666 &ndash 1667 before Diego de Benavides, 8th Count of Santisteban Diego de Benavides after Pedro Antonio Fern ndez de Castro succession box title List of Viceroys of Peru Viceroy of Peru years 1672 &ndash 1674 before Pedro Antonio Fern ndez de Castro after Baltasar de la Cueva Enr quez end box Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Itur ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Callistratus , a Roman law Roman jurist , who, as appears from passages in Pandects Justinian s Digest , wrote at least as late as the reign AD 198 211 of Septimius Severus and Caracalla . Associations In a passage of the Augustan History Alex. Sev. 68 which, either from interpolation or from the inaccuracy of the author, abounds with anachronisms, Callistratus is stated to have been a disciple of Aemilius Papinianus Papinian , and to have been one of the council of Alexander Severus . This statement may be correct, notwithstanding the suspicious character of the source whence it is derived. Works The numerous extracts from Callistratus in the Digest occupy eighteen pages in Karl Ferdinand Hommel Hommel s Palingenesia Pandectarum and the fact that he is cited by no other jurist in the Digest may be accounted for by observing that this work contains extracts from few jurists of importance subsequent to Callistratus. The extracts from Callistratus are taken from works bearing the following titles Libri VI de Cognitionibus Libri VI Edicti Monitorii Libri IV de Jure Fisci , or de Jure Fisci et Populi Libri III Institutionum Libri II Quaestionum The titles of the first three of these works require some explanation. de Cognitionibus This treatise relates to those causes which were heard, investigated, and decided by the emperor, the governor of a province, or other magistrate, without the intervention of judices . This departure from the ordinary course of the civil law took place, even before Diocletian s general abolition of the ordo judiciorum , sometimes by virtue of the imperial prerogative, and in some cases was regularly practiced for the purpose of affording equitable relief where the strict civil law gave no remedy, instead of resorting to the more tortuous system of legal fictions and equitable actions. Edictum Monitorium What is meant by the title of this work is by no means clear. Christian Gottlieb Haubold Haubold de Edictis Monitoriis ... more details
Image Arrest Memmorable title page.jpg thumb 200px Coras Arrest Memorable of the trial of Martin Guerre . Jean de Coras , also called Corasius 1515 1572 was a France French jurist. Born in R almont as the son of a Civil law notary notary , he studied law in Toulouse , Cahors , Orl ans and perhaps also in other cities, under teachers such as Franciscus Curtis junior and Marianus Socinus junior . After his 1535 promotion in Padua by Filippo Decio , he taught law at the University of Toulouse starting in 1536, in Valence, Dr me Valence 1545 and in Ferrara 1550 , where he became one of the most popular professors of the time. In 1552, De Coras became a member of the Toulouse parlement and participated in the famous trial of Martin Guerre , of which he wrote the best known record, Arrest Memorable du parlement de Tolose 1560 . In 1562, having converted to Protestantism , he failed in an attempt to open Toulouse to the Calvinist s, but was rehabilitated on account of his connections to the royal court. Even so, De Coras later assisted in organising the Protestant unrests that culminated in the first French Wars of Religion French War of Religion . He was convicted to death for having served the Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Cond Prince of Cond in 1568, and was murdered in prison following the St. Bartholomew s Day massacre in 1572. Together with scholars such as Eguinaire Baron Baron , Charles Dumoulin Dumoulin , Fran ois Connan Connan and Fran ois Douaren Douaren , De Coras was part of the generation of jurists that established renaissance humanism humanist jurisprudence in France. His principal contributions to legal scholarship were his attempts to uncover dogma tic contexts beyond the mere exegesis of Roman law , and his contributions to constitutional law that influenced Jean Bodin . His works include various commentaries on the Pandects , a number of dogmatic papers on various topics, the discourse De iuris arte libellus 1560 and a compilation of legal cases, Cent ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 530 the English band Five Thirty Year nav 530 M1 year in topic NOTOC Year 530 Roman numerals DXXX was a common year starting on Tuesday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lampadius and Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes Probus or, less frequently, year 1283 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 530 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events onlyinclude By place Eastern Roman Empire December 15 &ndash Justinian I selects a second commission to excerpt and codify the writings of the jurists on Roman Law . This becomes the Pandects Digest . Tribonian becomes quaestor sacri palatii . Europe Hilderic , king of the Vandals and Alans , is deposed by his cousin Gelimer . St. Brendan climbs to the top of Mount Brandon , to look for The Americas . Asia Wei Chang Guang Wang succeeds Xiao Zhuang Di as ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty . Battle of Dara Belisarius and Hermogenes magister officiorum Hermogenes defeat the Sassanid Persia ns in a major battle which blunts a Persian offensive into Roman Mesopotamia. Battle of Satala 530 Battle of Satala The Eastern Romans under Sittas defeat a major Persia n invasion into Roman Armenia . By topic Art Mosaic synagogue floor, from Maon Menois is made. It is now kept at the Israel Museum , Jerusalem approximate date . Vishnu Temple at Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh , India , is built. Guptas Post Gupta period approximate date . Religion September 22 &ndash Pope Boniface II succeeds Pope Felix IV as the 55th pope . onlyinclude Births Emperor Xuan of Chen Dallan Forgaill , Christian Irish poetry Early Irish poetry Irish Poet . Venantius Fortunatus , Latin poetry poet , hymn odist, and Bishop Deaths September 22 &ndash Pope Felix IV Cado ap Gerren, King of Dumnonia , succeeded by his son Custennin ap Cado Er ... more details
Baldus de Ubaldis Italian Baldo degli Ubaldi 1327 1400 was an Italy Italian jurist, a leading figure in Medieval Roman Law . Life A member of the noble family of the Ubaldi Baldeschi , Baldus was born at Perugia in 1327, and studied civil law there under Bartolus de Saxoferrato , being admitted to the degree of doctor of civil law at the early age of seventeen. Federicus Petrucius of Siena is said to have been the master under whom he studied canon law . On his promotion to the doctorate he went to Bologna , where he taught law for three years after which he was advanced to a professorship at Perugia , where he remained for thirty three years. He taught law subsequently at Pisa , at Florence , at Padua and at Pavia , the rivals to Bologna . During his period at Pavia he sometimes also taught at Piacenza . He died at Pavia on 28 April 1400. Baldus was the master of Pierre Roger de Beaufort, who became pope under the title of Pope Gregory XI Gregory XI , and whose immediate successor, Pope Urban VI Urban VI , summoned Baldus to Rome to assist him by his consultations in 1380 against the anti pope Antipope Clement VII Clement VII . Baldus view on the legal issues relating to the schism are laid down in the so called Questio de schismate . Cardinal Francesco Zabarella and Paulus Castrensis were also among his pupils. Works Many of Baldus works are incomplete. He left voluminous commentaries on the Digest Roman law Pandects and on the Codex Justinianus . His Commentary on the Libri Feudorum , a twelfth century compilation of feudal law provisions, is considered to be one of the best of his works. He also commented on the canon law compilations of decretals , the Liber Extra and the Liber Sextus . In addition to these commentaries, Baldus wrote a number of treatises on specialised legal topics. Baldus major effort, however, went into the writing of some 3,000 consilia legal opinions . No other medieval lawyer has so many consilia preserved. Baldus s work on the law of evi ... more details
Servius Sulpicius Rufus ca. 106 BC 43 BC , surnamed Lemonia from the tribe to which he belonged, was a Roman orator and jurist . He studied rhetoric with Cicero , and accompanied him to Rhodes in 78 BC. Finding that he would never be able to rival his teacher he gave up rhetoric for law . ref Cicero , Brutus Cicero Brutus 41. ref Cicero on the other hand considered Servius Sulpicius Rufus as his superior in matters pertaining to the law. ref Elizabeth Rawson Rawson, E. Cicero, a portrait 1975 p.14. ref In 63 BC he was a candidate for the consulship, but was defeated by Lucius Licinius Murena , whom he subsequently accused of bribery. In 52 BC he successfully stood election to be consul in 51 BC. In the Caesar s civil war Civil War , after considerable hesitation, he threw in his lot with C. Julius Caesar Caesar , who made him proconsul of Achaea in 46 BC. He died in 43 BC while on a mission from the senate to Mark Antony Marcus Antonius at Mutina . He was accorded a public funeral, and a statue was erected to his memory in front of the Rostra . Two excellent specimens of Sulpicius s style are preserved in Cicero s letters. ref Ad. Fam. iv. 5 and 12. ref One of these is a letter of condolence to Cicero after the death of his daughter, Tullia. It is a letter that posterity has much admired, full of subtle, melancholy reflection on the transiency of all things. George Gordon, Lord Byron Byron has quoted this letter in his Childe Harold s Pilgrimage . ref Haskell, H.J. This was Cicero 1964 p.250 251. ref Quintilian ref Instit. x. 1, 1,6. ref speaks of three orations by Sulpicius as still in existence one of these was the speech against Murena, another Pro or Contra Aufidium , of whom nothing is known. He is also said to have been a writer of erotic poems. It is as a jurist, however, that Sulpicius was chiefly distinguished. He left behind him a large number of treatises, and he is often quoted in the Pandects , although direct extracts are not found. ref For titles see ... more details
Image Tanucci Bernardo 01.jpg right 200px Bernardo Tanucci. thumb Image Tanucci.jpg right 200px thumb Bernardo Tanucci. Bernardo Tanucci February 20, 1698 April 29, 1783 was an Italian statesman, who brought enlightened government to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies for Charles III of Spain Charles III and his son Ferdinand IV of Naples Ferdinand IV . Biography Born of a poor family in Stia , near Arezzo Tuscany , Tanucci was educated, thanks to a patron, at the University of Pisa . Tanucci was appointed a professor of law there in 1725 and attracted attention by his defence of the authenticity of the Codex Pisanus of the Pandects of Justinian. When Charles III of Spain Charles, Duke of Parma , son of Philip V of Spain , passed through Tuscany on his way to conquer the Kingdom of Naples, Cosimo III de Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , encouraged him to take Tanucci with him. In Naples Charles appointed him at first councillor of state, then superintendent of posts, minister of justice in 1752, foreign minister in 1754 and finally prime minister and a marquis . As prime minister Tanucci was most zealous in establishing the supremacy of a modernized State over the Church, and in abolishing the feudal privileges of Papacy and the nobility in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Governing under the principles of enlightened absolutism , he restricted the jurisdiction of the bishops, eliminated medieval prerogatives, closed superfluous convents and monasteries ref Distributing their lands among noble supporters of Charles, Tanucci strengthened the royal presence in the Regno . ref and reduced the taxes to be forwarded to the pontifical Curia . These progressive innovations were sanctioned in a Concordat signed with the Papacy in 1741, the application of which, however, went far beyond the intentions of the Holy See. For the reformation of the laws he instituted a commission of learned jurists with instructions to compile a new code, the Codice Caroline , which was, however, no ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 unreferenced date November 2009 Alois Aloys Ritter von Brinz 25 February 1820, Weiler im Allg u 13 September 1887, Munich was a Germany German jurist and politician . He taught as a professor at the Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuremberg University of Erlangen , German Charles Ferdinand University in Prague University of Prague , Eberhard Karls University of T bingen T bingen University 1866 , Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich University of Munich 1871 . He was a researcher of Roman law . Life His father was a Doctor of Laws, his grandfather a master baker in Weiler. Brinz studied in Munich and Berlin and then entered the judicial service of his home state of Bavaria . In Berlin, Professor Adolf August Friedrich Rudorff had encouraged him in the detailed scientific study of Roman law, something which he intensified during his practical work. In 1851 the University of Erlangen Nuremberg made him an au erordentlicher Professor i.e. professor without chair . From 1854 onwards, he worked there as a full professor ordentlicher Professor for Roman law. In 1857 he took up a similar position at the Charles University in Prague . In Prague, Brinz also became politically active, becoming a member of the Bohemian parliament in 1861 and later taking a seat in the Austrian Reichsrat Austria Reichsrat . In the Bohemian parliament he was a dedicated parliamentary orator and politician and, together with the other leaders of the German party, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst and Leopold Hasner von Artha , resolutely defended German interests. In 1866 he took up a professorship at the University of T bingen . Here he finished his Textbook of the Pandects Lehrbuch der Pandekten . He rejected a mandate to join the parliament of Kingdom of W rttemberg W rttemberg , but thereupon the parliament elected him a member of the constitutional court. From 1871 onwards, Alois von Brinz taught Roman civil law at the University of Munich was eventually elect ... more details
citation style date February 2012 Roman Dutch law is a legal system based on Roman law as applied in the Netherlands in the 17th and 18th centuries. As such, it is a variety of the European continental Civil law legal system civil law or ius commune . While Roman Dutch law ceased to be applied in the Netherlands proper as early as the beginning of the 19th century, Roman Dutch law is still applied by the courts of South Africa and neighbours like Lesotho , Swaziland and Namibia , Zimbabwe , Guyana , Indonesia , East Timor , and Sri Lanka . It also had an impact on New Netherlands . ref cite journal title The Schout In Rensselaerswijck Conflict Of Interests journal Colonial Albany Social History Project date April 1979 first Stefan last Bielinski id url http www.nnp.org nnp publications ABAFB 3.2.pdf accessdate 2011 02 25 ref History Roman law was not abandoned during the early Middle Ages . Codification law Codified versions of Roman law e.g. Codex Theodosianus Theodosian Code and excerpts of latter day imperial enactments constitutiones were well known in the successor Germanic kingdoms and vital to maintaining the commonplace principle of folk right which applied pre existing Roman law to Romans and Germanic law to Germans. The Breviary of Alaric and the Lex Burgundionum Lex Gundobada Romana are two of the several mixed Roman Germanic law codes that incorporated much Roman legal material. However, because the fall of Rome preceded the drafting of Corpus Juris Civilis Justinian s Code , early Byzantine law was never influential in Western Europe. Interest in the doctrines of Byzantine lawyers came when around the year smallcaps a . smallcaps d . 1070 a copy of the Pandects Digest of Byzantine Empire Emperor Justinian I found its way into northern Italy. Scholars in the emerging University of Bologna , who previously had access to only a limited portion of Corpus Juris Civilis Justinian s code , began a revival of interest in Roman law and began to teach law based o ... more details
Li livres de jostice et de plet z The Books of Justice and of Pleas is an Old French legal treatise compiled by the postglossator s of the school of Orl ans in the mid thirteenth century c. 1260 . It was influenced by canon law especially the decretals of Pope Gregory IX Gregory IX , Roman law especially the Pandects Digest , the customary law of the Orl anais, and the legislation of the Capetian Kings of France . It does not have the sense of a finished work, possesses lacunae , and is somewhat disorganised, being possibly the work of a student of the University of Orl ans . ref Donahue, p. 62 n16. ref The first book of the Livres is a free translation of the first three paragraphs of the Digest . It is not a coutoumier compilation of customary law and most of the customary law it cites is limited to Orl ans. Among the royal acts it reproduces is one of Louis IX of France Saint Louis from 1254, in which the king depicted as judge declares himself the guardian of the peace and rest of his subjects nos deserrens de la dete de la real poest la pez et le respous de nos sojeiz . The Livres may have influenced the later legislation of Philip the Fair . Examples Feudalism With regards to the law of fiefs , the Livres states that duke s, count s, viscount s, and baron s could all hold their land from one another. ref Reynolds, p .288. ref The Livres also states that la bone devise de droit des persones, des gens, est tele que tot homes ou il sont franc ou serf the good division of the law of persons is that all men are either free or servile. ref Kim, p. 2. ref This law is based on the Digest but the meaning of the word servi that the medieval author translates serf meant slave . Laws of war The Livres , by defining treason tra son as f rir, et l en ne voie pas le cop venir to wound someone , and when the blow could not be seen coming , declared all crossbow men to be traitors, since nobody could see their blows coming. Sexual crimes The Livres has provided scholars with ... more details
Infobox person name Sir James, Lord Kilkerran Fergusson image alt caption birth date 1688 birth place death date 1759 death place nationality Scottish other names known for occupation Sir James Fergusson, 2nd Baronet, Lord Kilkerran 1688 1759 was a Scottish judge. Biography Fergusson was the eldest son of Sir John Fergusson, 1st Baronet , of Kilkerran whom he succeeded to the Fergusson Baronets Fergusson Baronetcy in 1729 , was born in 1688. He studied law possibly at Leyden , ref harvnb Watt 1889 p 358 cites Index of Leyden Students , page 35 ref and was admitted advocate 1711. sfn Watt 1889 p 358 Fergusson was elected as the Member of Parliament for Sutherland UK Parliament constituency Sutherland in 1734, and sat for that county until he was made lord of session on 7 November 1735. It was then he took the courtesy title of Lord Kilkerran. He was made Lord of Justiciary 3 April 1749. He died at his home near Edinburgh 20 January 1759. sfn Watt 1889 p 358 Works Fergusson collected and digested in the form of a dictionary the Decisions of the Court of Session from the Year 1738 to the Year 1752 . To these are added a few decisions given in the years 1736 and 1737 . ref harvnb Watt 1889 p 358 cites advertisement ref This was published by his son George Edinburgh, 1775 . A volume much admired for its clarity, and as a model for the most useful form of law reports . sfn Watt McConnell 2004 Assesment In Tytler s Life of Lord Kames Fergusson is estimated as undoubtedly one of the ablest lawyers of his time. His knowledge was founded on a thorough acquaintance with the Roman jurisprudence, imbibed from the best commentators of the pandects , and with the recondite learning of Craig, who has laid open the fountains of the Scottish law in all that regards the system of feudalism. The decisions which he has recorded during the period when he sat as a judge of the supreme court exhibit the clearest comprehension and the soundest views of jurisprudence, and will for ever serve ... more details
of ancient works of Ancient Rome Roman law and, for his successful explanation of a section of the PandectsPandects of Justinian , as he himself tells the story, he was embraced and kissed by Robertello ... more details
refimprove date June 2010 Lettres de cachet IPA fr l t d ka were letters signed by the List of French monarchs king of France , Countersign legal countersigned by one of his ministers, and closed with the royal seal , or cachet . They contained orders directly from the king, often to enforce arbitrary actions and judgments that could not be appeal ed. In the case of organized bodies lettres de cachet were issued for the purpose of preventing assembly or to accomplish some other definite act. The provincial estates were convoked in this manner, and it was by a lettre de cachet in this case, a lettre de jussipri , or by showing in person in a lit de justice , that the king ordered a parlement to register a law in the teeth of its own refusal to pass it. The best known lettres de cachet , however, were penal, by which a subject was sentenced without trial law trial and without an opportunity of defense to imprisonment in a state prison or an ordinary jail, confinement in a convent or a hospital , transportation to the colonies, or expulsion to another part of the realm. The wealthy sometimes bought such lettres to dispose of unwanted individuals. In this respect, the lettres de cachet were a prominent symbol of the abuses of the ancien r gime monarchy , and as such were suppressed during the French Revolution . History Image Bastille lettre 1759.jpg thumb Lettre de cachet ordering Jean Fran ois Marmontel s detention at the Bastille, signed by Louis XV of France Louis XV in 1759 The power to issue lettres de cachet was a royal privilege recognized by the French monarchic civil law that developed during the 13th century, as the House of Capet Capetian monarchy overcame its initial distrust of Roman law . The principle can be traced to a maxim which furnished a text of the Pandects of Justinian I Justinian in their Latin version, Rex solutus est a legibus , or The king is released from the laws. The French legal scholars interpreted the imperial office of the Justinia ... more details
otheruses File Accorso.jpg thumb upright 0.8 Statue of Accursius in the Uffizi . NOTOC Accursius ref Later sources attribute to him without a historical basis the first name of Franciscus , as well as surnames such as Bonus or Azoninus . ref in Italian Accursio , Accorso or also Accorso di Bagnolo c. 1182 &ndash 1263 was an Italy Italian jurist . He is notable for his organization of the gloss es, the medieval comments on Justinian I Justinian s codification of Roman law , the Corpus Juris Civilis . He was not proficient in the classics, but he was called the Idol of the Jurisconsults . Accursius was born at Impruneta , near Florence . A pupil of Azo of Bologna Azo , he first practised law in his native city, and was afterwards appointed professor at Bologna , where he had great success as a teacher. He undertook to arrange into one body the tens of thousands of comments and remarks upon the Code , the Corpus Juris Civilis Institutiones Institutes and Pandects Digests . Accursius assembled from the various earlier glosses for each of these texts a coherent and consistent body of glosses. This compilation, soon given the title Glossa Ordinaria Glossa ordinaria or magistralis , and usually known as the Great Gloss , was essentially complete at about 1230. While Accursius was employed in this work, legend has it that, hearing of a similar one proposed and begun by Odofred , another lawyer of Bologna, he feigned indisposition, interrupted his public lectures, and shut himself up, till with the utmost expedition he had accomplished his design. After the middle of the 13th century, the Gloss had grown to be the starting point for every exegesis of the Corpus Iuris, and was even given force of law in some jurisdictions. The authority of the Gloss is probably due to Accursius very exhaustive coverage of the civil law, in the course of which he not only pointed out its problems but unlike his predecessors also offered solutions for them. ref Weimar, op.cit. ref Indeed, moder ... more details
The Lex Papia Poppaea was a Roman law introduced in AD 9 to encourage and strengthen marriage . It included provisions against adultery and celibacy and complemented and supplemented Augustus Lex Julia de Maritandis Ordinibus of 18 BC and the Lex Iulia de Adulteriis Coercendis of 17 BC . The lex was introduced by the suffect consul suffect Roman consul consuls of that year, M. Papius Mutilus and Q. Poppaeus Secundus , although they themselves were unmarried. History Tacitus mentions several leges Iuliae Julian Laws pertaining to morals and marriage, and the Lex Papia Poppaea as a separate later law, refining the Julian Laws Annals Tacitus Annals , 3.25 Some writers conclude from the passage in Lives of the Twelve Caesars Suetonius Suet. Aug. 14 that the Lex Julia de Maritandis Ordinibus of 18 17 BC was rejected, and add that it was not enacted until 4 AD 4 . In the year 9 AD 9 , and in the consul ship of M. Papius Mutilus and Q. Poppaeus Secundus consules suffecti , another law was passed as a kind of amendment and supplement to the former law, and hence arose the title of Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea by which these two laws are often quoted. It has been inferred from the two laws being separately cited that they were not made into one. The 6th century Pandects Digest only mentions the Lex Julia de Maritandis Ordinibus Dig. 38 tit.11 Dig. 23 tit.2 . Various titles are used according as reference is made to the various provisions sometimes the reference is to the Lex Julia, sometimes Papia Poppaea, sometimes Lex Julia et Papia, sometimes Lex de Maritandis Ordinibus, from the chapter which treated of the marriages of the Roman Senate senators Gaius jurist Gaius , i.178 Ulpian Ulp. Frag. xi.20 Lex Marita, Hor. Carm. Sec. , sometimes Lex Caducaria, Decimaria, etc. from the various chapters Ulp. Frag. xxviii tit.7 Dio Cassius Dion Cass . liv.16, lvi.1, &c. Tacitus Tacit. Ann. iii.25 . see References There were many commentaries on these laws or on this law by the Roman jur ... more details
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