Paralyticshellfishpoisoning PSP is one of the four recognized syndromes of shellfishpoisoning , which share some common features and are primarily associated with Bivalvia bivalve mollusks such as mussel s, clam s, oyster s and scallop s . These shellfish are filter feeder s and, therefore, accumulate neurotoxin s, called saxotoxins , produced by microscopic alga e, such as dinoflagellate s, diatom s, and cyanobacteria . ref name uhm cite journal author Clark RF, Williams SR, Nordt SP, Manoguerra AS title A review of selected seafood poisonings journal Undersea Hyperb Med volume 26 issue 3 pages 175 84 year 1999 pmid 10485519 doi url http archive.rubicon foundation.org 2314 accessdate 2008 08 12 ref Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are the most numerous and widespread saxitoxin producers and are responsible for PSP blooms in subarctic, temperate, and tropical locations ref Taylor, F. J. R., Fukuyo, Y. & Larsen, J. 1995. Taxonomy of harmful dinoflagellates. In Hallegraeff, G. M., Anderson, D. M. & Cembella, A. D. Eds. Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides No. 33. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, pp. 33. ref . The majority of toxic blooms have been caused by the morphospecies Alexandrium catenella , Alexandrium tamarense , and Alexandrium fundyense ref Cembella, A. D. 1998. Ecophysiology and metabolism of paralyticshellfish ... University Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 85 101 year 2005 ref See also Amnesic shellfishpoisoning Diarrheal shellfishpoisoning Neurotoxic shellfishpoisoning Algal bloom see toxic chemicals in paragraph ... External links http www.emedicine.com EMERG topic528.htm Toxicity, ShellfishPoisoning and toxicity ... responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water soluble, heat and acid stable, and ordinary ... shellfish can store this toxin for several weeks after a harmful algal bloom passes, but others ... susceptible. PSP affects those who come into contact with the affected shellfish by ingestion ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 32220 ICD10 ICD10 T 61 2 t 51 ICD9 ICD9 988.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 528 MeshID There are four syndromes called shellfish poisoning , which share some common features and are primarily associated with Bivalvia bivalve molluscs such as mussel s, clam s, oyster s and scallop s . ref Citation title Protecting Ourselves from Shellfish Poisoning first1 Mary Wilcox last1 Silver journal American Scientist volume 94 issue 4 year 2006 pages pp.316 325 ref These shellfish are filter feeder s and, therefore, accumulate toxin s produced by microscopic alga e, such as dinoflagellate s and diatom s, and cyanobacteria . The syndromes are Amnesic shellfish poisoning ASP Diarrheal shellfish poisoning DSP Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning NSP Paralytic shellfish poisoning PSP See also Cyanotoxin Foodborne illness References references External links http www.whoi.edu science B redtide illness illness.html Human Illness Associated with Harmful Algae http www.aboutfoodpoisoning.com shellfish food poisoning.html More information on shellfish food poisoning Poisoning and toxicity Category Seafood Category Toxic effect of noxious substances eaten as food de Muschelvergiftung is Skelfiskeitrun ja ... more details
refimprove date May 2011 Diarrhetic shellfishpoisoning DSP is one of the four recognized symptom types of shellfishpoisoning , the others being paralyticshellfishpoisoning , neurotoxic shellfishpoisoning and amnesic shellfishpoisoning . As the name suggests, this syndrome manifests itself as diarrhea , although nausea , vomiting and cramps are all common, too. DSP and its symptoms usually set in within about half an hour of ingesting infected shellfish, and last for about one day. A recent case in France, though, with 20 people consuming oysters manifested itself after 36 hours. The causative poison is okadaic acid , which inhibits intestinal cellular de phosphorylation. ref cite journal last Dawson first JF coauthors Holmes CF title Molecular mechanisms underlying inhibition of protein phosphatases by marine toxins. journal Front Biosc year 1999 month Oct volume 4 pages D646 58. pmid 10502549 accessdate May 22, 2011 ref This causes the cells to become very permeable to water and causes profuse diarrhea with a risk of dehydration. As no life threatening symptoms generally emerge from this, no fatalities from DSP have ever been recorded. References Reflist Poisoning and toxicity Category Seafood Category Toxic effect of noxious substances eaten as food fr Diarrheic shellfish poison gl Toxina diarreica dos moluscos ... more details
Neurotoxic shellfishpoisoning NSP is caused by the consumption of shellfish contaminated by breve toxins or brevetoxin analogs. ref cite journal author Landsberg, J. H. title The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms journal Reviews in Fisheries Science year 2002 volume 10 issue 2 pages 113 390 doi 10.1080 20026491051695 ref Symptoms in humans include vomiting and nausea and a variety of neurological symptoms such as slurred speech. No fatalities have been reported but there are a number of cases which led to hospitalization It also. ref cite journal author Watkins, S. M. Reich, A. Fleming, L. E. Hammond, R. title Neurotoxic shellfishpoisoning journal Marine Drugs year 2008 volume 6 issue 3 pages 431 455 pmid 19005578 pmc 2579735 doi 10.3390 md20080021 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC2579735 pdf md 06 00431.pdf format pdf ref See also Amnesic shellfishpoisoning Diarrheal shellfishpoisoningParalyticshellfishpoisoning References Reflist Poisoning and toxicity Category Seafood Category Toxic effect of noxious substances eaten as food med stub ... more details
with some unusual neurotoxic symptoms very different from those of paralyticshellfishpoisoning ...Amnesic shellfishpoisoning ASP is a human illness caused by consumption of the marine biotoxin called ... neurological problems. Because the victims suffered from memory loss, the term amnesic shellfishpoisoning is used. ref cite journal author Todd, E.C.D. title Amnesic shellfishpoisoning a review journal ... M.A., Wright J.L.C. title The amnesic shellfishpoisoning mystery journal Anal. Chem. volume ... further news copy as research for his new thriller . See also Diarrheal shellfishpoisoning Neurotoxic shellfishpoisoningParalyticshellfishpoisoning References Reflist External links http www.whoi.edu redtide page.do?pid 14275 Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ... Domoic Acid ASP Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning, Domoic Acid, and Pseudo nitzschia links at the http ... and toxicity DEFAULTSORT Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning Category Seafood Category Medical emergencies ... concentrations by shellfish during filter feeding, domoic acid can then be passed on to humans via consumption of the contaminated shellfish. Although human illness due to domoic acid has only been associated with shellfish, the toxin can bioaccumulation bioaccumulate in many ocean marine organisms ... acid in non human organisms is frequently referred to as domoic acid poisoning or DAP . In mammal s, including ... affected fish or shellfish tissue does not lessen the toxicity. Discovery ASP was first discovered in humans late in 1987, when a serious outbreak of food poisoning occurred in eastern Canada ... source of domoic acid, a toxin in shellfish from eastern Prince Edward Island, Canada journal ... shellfish, and Chris seizes the opportunity to convince them that they are his best friends. Domoic acid poisoning may have caused an August 18, 1961 invasion of thousands of frantic seabirds in Capitola ... domacid.htm DOMOIC ACID A MAJOR CONCERN TO WASHINGTON STATE S SHELLFISH LOVERS at Washington Department ... more details
bg 060702.jpg thumb right A shrimp cocktail Shellfish is a culinary and fisheries term for exoskeleton ... s, and echinoderm s. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from Seawater saltwater ..., for example Cardisoma guanhumi in the Caribbean . Shellfish are not related to fish in any way other than simply being animals that live in water. Many varieties of shellfish crustacean s in particular ... commonly eaten are shrimp , prawn , lobster , crayfish , and crab s. ref cite web title Shellfish ... 2009 08 25 year 1989 ref Most shellfish eat a diet composed primarily of phytoplankton and zooplankton ... accessdate 2009 08 25 ref Shellfish are among the most common food allergy food allergens . ref cite web title Shellfish Alergies url http my.clevelandclinic.org disorders shellfish allergies hic shellfish allergies.aspx publisher Cleveland Clinic accessdate 2009 08 25 ref Terminology Image Rheinische Muscheln.jpg thumb 180px right Cooked mussel s The term shellfish is used both broadly and specifically. In common parlance, as in having shellfish for dinner, it can refer to anything from ... Maryland Shellfish Harvesting Areas , Maryland Department of the Environment ref Although the term ... and river mussels are also sometimes grouped under the umbrella of shellfish . Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates. As non mammalian animals that spend their entire lives ... developed to distinguish fish as animals defined by having vertebrate vertebrae from shellfish in modern terminology. The word shellfish is both singular and plural the rarely used shellfishes is sometimes employed to distinguish among various types of shellfish. ref cite book title Fishermen A Community ... Stamford isbn 978 1 900289 22 1 edition Revised ref Shellfish in various cuisines Archaeological finds has shown that humans have been making use of shellfish as a food item for hundreds of thousands of years. In the present, shellfish dishes are a feature of almost all the cuisine s of the world ... more details
Poisoning may refer to Biology Biological toxicity, see toxin and poison . Catalyst poisoning . Nuclear poison . Chinese food therapy Cantonese classification of food Poisoning , a classification in Cantonese food. Route poisoning , a computer network concept. Secondary poisoning wiktionary poisoning disambig bs Trovanje cs Otrava de Vergiftung fr Empoisonnement it Avvelenamento ja kk lt Apsinuodijimas nl Vergiftiging pl Zatrucie ru uk ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Paralytic Stalks Type Studio Artist of Montreal Cover OfMontreal Paralytic Stalks 2012.jpg Released February 7, 2012 Recorded Sunlandic Studios br small Athens, Georgia small Genre Psychedelic pop , progressive rock , experimental rock Length 58 05 Label Polyvinyl Record Co. Polyvinyl Producer Kevin Barnes Last album thecontrollersphere br 2011 This album Paralytic Stalks br 2012 Album ratings MC 62 100 ref http www.metacritic.com music paralytic stalks ref rev1 Allmusic rev1Score rating 3.5 5 ref http allmusic.com album paralytic stalks r2367096 ref rev2 A.V. Club rev2Score B ref http www.avclub.com articles of montreal paralytic stalks,68899 ref rev3 Consequence of Sound rev3Score rating 3.5 5 ref http consequenceofsound.net 2012 02 album review of montreal paralytic stalks ref rev4 Drowned In Sound rev4Score 7 10 ref cite web url http drownedinsound.com releases 16754 reviews 4144412?ticker title of Montreal Paralytic Stalks Album Review for Drowned In Sound ref rev5 Paste Magazine rev5Score 7.2 10 ref http www.pastemagazine.com articles 2012 02 of montreal paralytic stalks.html ref rev6 Pitchfork Media Pitchfork rev6Score 4.6 10 ref cite web url http pitchfork.com reviews albums 16250 paralytic stalks title of Montreal Paralytic ... music albumreviews paralytic stalks 20120207 ref rev8 Sputnikmusic rev8Score Rating 3.5 5 ref cite web url http www.sputnikmusic.com review 47920 Of Montreal Paralytic Stalks title of Montreal Paralytic Stalks Album Review for Sputnikmusic ref rev9 Tiny Mix Tapes rev9Score Rating 4.5 5 ref cite web url http www.tinymixtapes.com music review montreal paralytic stalks title of Montreal Paralytic ... rating 8 10 ref http www.undertheradarmag.com reviews paralytic stalks ref Paralytic Stalks ... up. ref http www.spin.com articles montreal taking paralytic stalks ambitious 2012 tour ref Reception ... Category Of Montreal albums Category 2012 albums Category Polyvinyl Records albums fr Paralytic Stalks ... more details
caused Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning ASP . Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning is caused by domic acid which is produced naturally by marine diatoms of the genus Pseudonitzschia. If molluscan shellfish filter ...Image SAGBlogowiki.jpg thumb right The Shellfish Association of Great Britain SAGB is a historic association ... in 1969. They cover a wide range of topics within the shellfish industry, from trading to advice ... thumb right The SAGB is the Shellfish industry s trade body with the director and staff ... in the City of London. The SAGB consists of a wide range of members located within the Shellfish farming and fishing industry, within commercial companies and traders of Shellfish products, the Seafish ... to the UK Shellfish industry, which is part of a valuable constituent in the UK economy. The SAGB also ... the SAGB promote the sustainable development of the UK shellfish industry having always given advice ... in the industry or changes in legislation and the market. Objectives Public Health & Shellfish Image Platterwiki.jpg thumb right The SAGB s first priority has been to ensure shellfish safety for human ... EC drew up the Bivalve Shellfish Hygiene Directive and Fishery Products Directives. All commercially harvested shellfish are subject to strict hygiene regulations. Some people do suffer from allergies to shellfish, and this is an unfortunate fact of life. Often the allergies are very specific and caused by one type of shellfish only. Shellfish should be carefully stored keeping them cool but moist. Do not re water shellfish, which you have bought. They will already have been cleaned to the requisite ... Commission s Shellfish Hygiene Directive, Member States must have algal toxin monitoring programs, which cover all the commercial shellfish production areas. Target levels of toxins are set ... closed when necessary. Shellfish and Nutrition Shellfish should form an essential part of any healthy diet. Shellfish provide protein , vitamins and minerals , are low in fat and a wonderful source ... more details
Infobox disease Name Mercury poisoning Image Hg Mercury.jpg Caption Chemical element Elemental Mercury ... eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 813 MeshID D008630 Mercury poisoning also known as hydrargyria ..., and lungs. ref name Clifton Mercury poisoning can result in several diseases, including acrodynia ..., and the method and duration of exposure. Signs and symptoms Common symptoms of mercury poisoning ... s inability to degrade catecholamines e.g. Epinephrine a person suffering from mercury poisoning ... . An example of desquamation of the hand of a child with severe mercury poisoning acquired by handling ... of mercury poisoning. Tetsuya Endo, a professor at the Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , has ... poisoning because of crude processing methods. Such is the danger for the galamsey in Ghana and similar ... of myelin . According to some evidence, mercury poisoning may predispose to Young s syndrome men ... of differences in tissue distributions, mercury poisoning s effects will differ depending on whether ... mercury and cyanide poisoning can occur. Hg CN sub 2 sub can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion ... and or mercury poisoning, leading to shakes ex shaky handwriting , irritability , sore gingiva gums ... symptoms of cyanide poisoning within hours after ingesting mercuric cyanide or mercury oxycyanide ... almost exclusively from mercury poisoning however, the patient who ingested mercury oxycyanide died after 5 hours of cyanide poisoning before any mercury poisoning symptoms were observed. The patient who ingested Hg CN sub 2 sub initially showed symptoms of acute cyanide poisoning, which were brought under control, and later showed signs of mercury poisoning before recovering. It is thought that the degree to which cyanide poisoning occurs is related to whether cyanide ions are released ... P., Bismuth C., Baud F.J. year 1995 title Mercury oxycyanide and mercuric cyanide poisoning two ... the likelihood of cyanide poisoning. Mercury cyanide was used in two murders in New York in 1898. The perpetrator ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Nocturnal Poisoning Type studio Artist Xasthur Cover Xasthur nocturnal poisoning.jpg Released September 8th, 2002 Recorded April September, 2001 Genre Black metal Length 69 00 Label Blood Fire Death br Southern Lord Records small Southern Lord Records discography SUNN44 small Producer Malefic Reviews Last album This album Nocturnal Poisoning 2002 Next album The Funeral of Being 2003 Nocturnal Poisoning is a 2002 album by the United States American black metal band Xasthur . Track listing In the Hate of Battle Soul Abduction Ceremony A Gate Through Bloodstained Mirrors Black Imperial Blood M tiilation cover Legion of Sin and Necromancy A Walk Beyond Utter Blackness Nocturnal Poisoning Forgotten Depths of Nowhere Xasthur Category 2002 albums Category Xasthur albums Category Southern Lord Records albums et Nocturnal Poisoning fr Nocturnal Poisoning fi Nocturnal Poisoning ... more details
The term list poisoning as related to electronic mail e mail , refers to poisoning a mailing list with invalid e mail addresses. Industry uses Once a mailing list has been poisoned with a number of invalid e mail addresses, the resources required to send a message to this list has increased, even though the number of valid recipients has not. If one can poison a spammer s mailing list, one can force the spammer to exhaust more resources to send e mail, in theory costing the spammer money and time. Poisoning spammer s mailing lists is usually done by blacklists submitting fake information to email submit style offers, or by posting invalid email addresses in a Usenet forum or on a web page where spammers are believed to harvest email addresses for their mailing lists. Vulnerabilities Syntactically invalid email addresses used to poison a mailing list could be easily filtered out by the spammers, while using email addresses that are syntactically correct could cause problems for the mail server responsible for the email address. Implementations of spam poisoning systems can be avoided, if spammers learn of their location e. g., they could automatically filter out any address containing spampoison.com . Spammers often steal resources so that the efficiency of a mailing places little financial burden on the spammer. Implementations List poisoning http www.monkeys.com wpoison code written in Perl . List poisoning http www.webmasterworld.com forum88 3104.htm code written in PHP . Simple list poisoning http zzzy.freeshell.org code written in BASH shell script and a http zzzy.freeshell.org guestbook working example . Hosted list poisoning and honeytrap http www.spampoison.com SpamPoison Free, implemented on 9,000,000 sites worldwide . See also Anti spam techniques e mail Address munging Botnet E mail address harvesting Spamtrap Stopping e mail abuse spamming Category Spamming ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2008 Cleanup date August 2008 Secondary poisoning is poisoning that can result when one organism comes into contact with or ingests another organism that has poison in its system. It typically occurs when a predator eats an animal, such as a mouse , rat , or insect , that has previously been poisoned by a commercial pesticide . If the level of toxicity in the prey animal is sufficiently high, it will harm the predator. It can affect humans , with infants and small children being the most susceptible. Category Toxicology ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Poisoning The Lark Type ep Artist Farewell band Farewell Cover Released May 24, 2005 Recorded Dorisland Studios Category Punk Rock Genre Punk Rock Length Label Forsaken Recordings Producer Mark McClusky Reviews Last album This album Poisoning the Lark EP br 2005 Next album Isn t This Supposed To Be Fun ? Isn t This Supposed to Be Fun ? br 2007 Poisoning the Lark is an Extended Play EP released by punk rock band Farewell band Farewell . Track listing This Masterpiece Kelley Green Died Like a Poet All in One Stroke Manilla Pinebox Mourning Knots re release track Category Farewell band albums Category 2005 EPs Category Debut EPs ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow Type EP Artist The Saints band The Saints Cover Paralytic Tonight,.jpg Released March, 1980 Recorded London , 1980 Genre Punk rock Punk Length Label Lost small Australia small br New Rose small France small Producer L. Lambert Reviews Last album Prehistoric Sounds br 1979 This album Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow EP br 1980 Next album The Monkey Puzzle The Saints album The Monkey Puzzle br 1980 Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow is an 7 EP by Australia n Punk rock Punk band The Saints band The Saints . Citation needed date March 2010 Track listing Australian Release small PRS 2773 small Side A Simple Love Don t send me Roses Side B On the Waterfront Call it Mine Image Ptbtbackcover.jpg left thumb 175px The back cover to the Australian release. French Release small NEW 1 small Side A Simple Love Don t send me Roses Miss Wonderful Side B On the Waterfront Call it Mine Image ParalyticTonightbackfrench.jpg left thumb 175px The back cover to the French release. The Saints Category The Saints albums Category 1980 EPs ... more details
Refimprove date September 2011 Catalyst poisoning refers to the effect that a catalyst can be poisoned if it reacts with another chemical compound compound that bond chemical bonds chemically to its active surface sites. This effectively reduces the usefulness of the catalyst. Poisoned sites can no longer accelerate the reaction with which the catalyst was supposed to catalyze. ref name hagen06 Jens Hagen, Industrial catalysis a practical approach ,Wiley VCH, 2006 ISBN 3527311440, page 197 ref Large scale production of substances such as ammonia in the Haber Bosch process include steps to remove potential poisons from the product stream. Examples An example can be seen with Raney nickel catalyst, which have reduced activity when it is in combination with mild steel. The loss in activity of catalyst can be overcome by having a lining of epoxy or other substances. Poisoning of palladium and platinum catalysts has been extensively researched. As a rule of thumb, platinum as Adam s catalyst , finely divided on carbon is less susceptible. Common poisons for these two metals are sulfur and nitrogen heterocycles like pyridine and quinoline. A catalytic converter for an automobile can be poisoned if the vehicle is operated on gasoline containing lead additives. Fuel cell s running on hydrogen must use very pure reactants, free of sulfur and carbon compounds. Catalyst poisoning to enhance selectivity Usually, catalyst poisoning is undesirable as it leads to a loss of usefulness of expensive noble metals or their complexes. However, poisoning of catalysts can be used to improve selectivities of reactions. In the classical Rosenmund reduction of acyl chloride s to aldehyde s, the palladium catalyst over barium sulfate or calcium carbonate is poisoned by the addition of sulfur or quinoline . This system reduces triple bonds faster than double bonds allowing for an especially selective ... references See also Hydrogen purity Reaction inhibitor DEFAULTSORT Catalyst Poisoning Category ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Nicotine poisoning Image Nicotine 2D skeletal.png Caption Nicotine DiseasesDB 30389 ICD10 ICD10 F 17 f 10 .0, ICD10 T 65 2 t 51 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of consuming nicotine , which can potentially be deadly. Historically, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been the result of use of nicotine as an insecticide . Sixty milligrams of nicotine the amount in about 30 40 cigarettes ref name WP http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn content article 2006 08 30 AR2006083001418.html Washington Post 2006 ref , has the potential to kill an adult who is not a smoker ref name INCHEM http www.inchem.org documents pims chemical nicotine.htm PartTitle 7. 20TOXICOLOGY IPCS INCHEM ref if all of the nicotine were absorbed. This figure is 120 mg in chronic cigarette smokers, smoking an average ... experience Green Tobacco Sickness GTS , a type of nicotine poisoning caused by dermal exposure to wet ... plant poisoning journal Clinical Toxicology Philadelphia, Pa. volume 47 issue 8 pages 771 81 year ... insecticides experience the same symptoms as nicotine poisoning. Organophosphates inhibit an enzyme ... cholinergic receptors only and has some, but not all of the symptoms of organophosphate poisoning ... Nicotine poisoning journal Br Med J volume 1 issue 3762 pages 246 7 year 1933 ref Prognosis The prognosis ... nicotine poisoning during the first 4 hours, they usually recover completely. ref name Saxena cite journal author Saxena K, Scheman A title Suicide plan by nicotine poisoning a review of nicotine ... http www.islandcounty.net health nicotine.html http www.marvistavet.com html body nicotine poisoning in pets.html Nicotine Poisoning In Pets http adc.bmjjournals.com cgi content full 85 6 500 Child Poisoned By Topical Medicinal Cream Psychoactive substance use Poisoning and toxicity Smoking nav Cigarettes DEFAULTSORT Nicotine Poisoning Category Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal ... more details
Route poisoning is a method to prevent a Router computing router from sending packets through a route that has become invalid within computer network s. Distance vector routing protocol s in computer networks use route poisoning to indicate to other routers that a route is no longer reachable and should not be considered from their routing tables. Unlike the split horizon with poison reverse , route poisoning provide for sending updates with unreachable Hop telecommunications hop counts immediately to all the nodes in the network. When the protocol detects an invalid route, all of the routers in the network are informed that the bad route has an infinite route metric. This makes all nodes on the invalid route seem infinitely distant, preventing any of the routers from sending packets over the invalid route. ref cite web url http searchnetworking.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid7 gci939324,00.html title What is route poisoning? last Wick first Karl date 18 April 2007 language English accessdate 2009 01 23 ref Some distance vector routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol RIP , use a maximum hop count to determine how many routers traffic must go through to reach the destination. Each route has a hop count number assigned to it which is incremented as the routing information is passed from router to router. A route is considered unreachable if the hop count exceeds the maximum allowed. Route poisoning is a method of quickly forgetting outdated routing information from other router s routing tables by changing its hop count to be unreachable higher than the maximum number of hops allowed and sending a routing update. In the case of Routing Information Protocol RIP , the maximum hop count is 15, so to perform route poisoning on a route its hop count is changed to 16, deeming it unreachable, and a routing update is sent. If these updates are lost, some nodes ... poisoning is used in conjunction with holddown s to keep update messages from falsely reinstating ... more details
eMedicineTopic 815051 A pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals intended to control a pest animal ... poisoning. The first of the three is a single and short term very high level of exposure which ... type of poisoning is long term high level exposure and has the possibility of effecting pesticide formulators and manufacturers. The third type of poisoning is a long term low level exposure which ... poisoning is the most worrisome type of poisoning. However in developed countries, such as Canada, it is the complete opposite and acute pesticide poisoning is controlled making the main issue long ... acute poisoning.pdf ref . Cause The most common exposure scenarios for pesticide poisoning cases ... and suicidal Self poisoning with agricultural pesticides represents a major hidden public health ... Pacific region alone. ref name WHO factsheet Most cases of intentional pesticide poisoning appear ... influences the incidence of self poisoning. Occupational Pesticide poisoning is an important occupational ... of a poisoning hazard. ref name emergency The process of aircraft disinsection , in which pesticides ... of pesticide poisoning, one does not take into consideration the contribution that is made of their own ... of poisoning, which is caused by long term low level exposure. As mentioned before, long term low ... for correctly diagnosing a pesticide poisoning. A few additional screening questions about ... whether there was a potential pesticide poisoning. ref name EPA manual If one is regularly using carbamate ... had a baseline test and later suspects a poisoning, one can identify the extent of the problem by comparison ... Bonsall 1985 Further methods in order to aid prevention of acute pesticide poisoning, concerning both ... treatments for acute pesticide poisoning are often dependent on the pesticide or class of pesticide responsible for the poisoning. However, there are basic management techniques that are applicable to most ... routinely in pesticide poisoning management, as clinical benefit has not been confirmed in controlled ... more details
Iron poisoning is an iron overload caused by a large excess of iron intake and usually refers to an acute overload rather than a gradual one. The term has been primarily associated with young children who consumed large quantities of iron supplement pills, which resemble sweets and are widely used, including by pregnant women see overnutrition approximately 3 grams is lethal for a 2 year old . ref cite web url http www.ansci.cornell.edu plants toxicagents iron.html title Plants Poisonous to Livestock Cornell University Department of Animal Science publisher Ansci.cornell.edu date accessdate 2012 04 09 ref Targeted packaging restrictions in the US for supplement containers with over 250 mg elemental iron have existed since 1978, and recommendations for unit packaging have reduced the several iron poisoning fatalities per year to almost nil since 1998. ref cite journal last Tenenbein first M. year 2005 month June title Unit Dose Packaging of Iron Supplements and Reduction of Iron Poisoning in Young Children journal Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. volume 159 pages 557 560 url http archpedi.ama assn.org cgi content full 159 6 557 accessdate 2011 11 30 doi 10.1001 archpedi.159.6.557 pmid 15939855 ref ref http www.aapcc.org annual.htm AAPCC Annual Reports , American Association of Poison Control Centers. ref No known cases of iron poisoning have been identified that are associated with iron ... with severe toxicity. ref cite web url http www.webmd.com a to z guides iron poisoning title Iron Poisoning publisher Webmd.com date accessdate 2012 04 09 ref A 325 mg tablet of ferrous sulfate has ... indication of iron poisoning by ingestion is a pain in the stomach, as the stomach lining becomes ... http www.webmd.com a to z guides iron poisoning Iron Poisoning on WebMD http www.merckmanuals.com home sec24 ch297 ch297h.html Iron Poisoning on merckmanuals Poisoning and toxicity Category Iron Poisoning Category Dietary mineral toxicity it Avvelenamento da ferro sr Trovanje gvo em zh ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Cobalt poisoning Image Co TableImage.png Caption Cobalt DiseasesDB 2882 ICD10 ICD10 T 56 8 t 51 ICD9 ICD9 985.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cobalt poisoning is Substance intoxication intoxication caused by excessive levels of cobalt in the body. Cobalt is an essential element for health in animals in minute amounts as a component of Vitamin B12 Vitamin B sub 12 sub . A deficiency of cobalt, which is very rare, is also potentially lethal, leading to pernicious anemia . ref name Ullmann However in common with all elements and all chemical compounds, excessive cobalt can cause death. How cobalt enters the body Exposure to cobalt metal dust is most common in the fabrication of tungsten carbide . Toxicity of cobalt salts The LD50 values of soluble cobalt salts has been estimated to be between 150 and 500 mg kg. Thus, for a 100 kg person the LD sub 50 sub would be about 20 grams. ref name Ullmann John D. Donaldson, Detmar Beyersmann Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley VCH, Weinheim. DOI 10.1002 14356007.a07 281.pub2 ref References references Poisoning and toxicity Category Cobalt Category Dietary mineral toxicity ... more details
For the logical fallacy, see poisoning the well . Well poisoning is the act of malicious manipulation of Drinking water potable water resources in order to cause illness or death, or to deny an opponent access to fresh water resources. Well poisoning has been historically documented as strategy during wartime since Classical Antiquity antiquity , and was used both offensively as a terror tactic to disrupt and depopulate a target area and defensively as a scorched earth tactic to deny an invading army sources of clean water . Rotting corpse s both animal and human thrown down wells were the most common implementation in one of the earliest examples of biological warfare , corpses known to have died from common transmissible disease s of the Pre modern Pre Modern era such as bubonic plague or tuberculosis were especially favored for well poisoning. Additionally, well poisoning was one of the three ... and pogrom s against the group so accused. In warfare Expand section date June 2008 Well poisoning ... River and back to the capital of Wallachia that same year, Vlad s army employed the poisoning of wells ... During the 20th century, the practice of poisoning wells has lost most of its potency and practicality ... blamed on poisoning. Europe was hit by several waves of Black Death often identified as bubonic ... of plague in Europe, these accusations lessened, but the term well poisoning remains a loaded ... , by Fred Pearce, The Guardian, 1 March 2006 ref Accusations of well poisoning have also been brought up against Serbs . Most notoriously, Serbs were accused of poisoning Kosovo Albanians . ref http ... accusations of well poisoning as a part of the Srebrenica massacre . ref David Rohde http www.columbia.edu ... http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 292&letter F Accusation of Well Poisoning Jewish Encyclopedia ... Israel is Poisoning Arab Food http www.jihadwatch.org dhimmiwatch archives 007468.php Jews are Poisoning Bananas says Imam refend Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT Well Poisoning Category ... more details
Testosterone poisoning is a pejorative neologism that refers not to actual poisoning, but to a negative perception of stereotype stereotypical aspects of male behavior. This speculative and controversial expression is based on a belief that men and boys with more masculine traits have more negative traits than they would otherwise. The term capitalizes on the perception that masculinity is controlled by the androgen testosterone . Origins An early printed reference to testosterone poisoning came from actor Alan Alda Alan Alda s article, What Every Woman Should Know About Men , published in Ms. Magazine in 1975. In it he said, blockquote Everyone knows that testosterone, the so called male hormone , is found in both men and women. What is not so well known, is that men have an overdose... Until ... all men are suffering from testosterone poisoning. blockquote Citation needed date May 2008 ... to the preciousness of life, the half untainted by testosterone poisoning, almost wholly unrepresented ... poisoning. ref 4 4 blockquote Bruce Tremper used the term in The Avalanche Review , stating that being ... poisoning is not an actual medical or psychological condition. A 1996 Psychology Today article ... and Social Science, Vol. 614, No. 1, 15 33. 2007 ref Usage References to testosterone poisoning ... Albrecht makes testosterone poisoning a synonym for male chauvinism in his 2002 book The Power of Minds ... , Saddam Hussein Saddam , and George W. Bush Bush They re all suffering from testosterone poisoning. ref 11 11 blockquote Several readers submitted testosterone poisoning to a 2001 Atlantic Monthly competition ... www.manhattan institute.org html wsj the women feminists.htm 22testosterone poisoning 22&hl en ... poisoning 22&hl en note 13 13 http google.com search?q cache kVOWZli9vJUJ www.cartalk.com content features Summer Driving Tips other.html 22testosterone poisoning 22&hl en . note 14 14 http cgi.darwinawards.com ... 100 21 34. DEFAULTSORT Testosterone Poisoning Category Biology of gender Category Misandry Category ... more details
Lupin poisoning affects people that eat incorrectly prepared lupin bean s. Mediterranean cultures prefer the historic bitter lupin beans with the required toxin removal by traditional leaching in water preparation methods due to the better flavour that results. Improper preparation of bitter lupin i with insufficient soak ing allows pharmacologically significant amounts of the anticholinergic alkaloid s to remain in the bean s, and poisoning symptoms result. While the alkaloids found in raw and dried beans are Bitterness taste bitter and unpalatable to many, with merely insufficient soaking the level is reduced. Some people like bitter herbs and may mistakenly prepare and eat lupini without enough soaking if they haven t learned of its unique preparation requirements. There are several references in medical literature to poisoning caused by errors in lupini preparation. ref Cite journal last1 Grande first1 Aulo Di last2 Paradiso first2 Rosario last3 Amico first3 Salvatore last4 Fulco first4 ... shopping needs publisher Flyermall.com date accessdate 2010 03 17 ref Lupin alkaloid poisoning symptoms Symptoms of lupin bean poisoning from excess alkaloid in cooked food include dilated unresponsive ... to recent Australian Medical Journal reports of poisoning from overly bitter lupin flour used in foods ... 20090803 e6pw.html title Lupin bean poisoning alert & 124 low GI publisher Smh.com.au date 2009 ... date accessdate 2010 03 17 ref Lupin bean poisoning is uncommon enough that poison control ... poisoning episode, and the bean preparation is long enough that confusion may result from the time ..., and are often referred to as ornamental plants causing human poisoning in the legume family. ref cite web url http emedicine.medscape.com article 816548 overview title Plant poisoning, alkaloids ... result&ct result&resnum 1 v onepage&q lupin 20poisoning&f false Lupin poisoning on Google Books 1 http ... 1 v onepage&q lupin 20poisoning&f false Lupin poisoning on Google Books 2 Category Food safety ... more details
f?. temp XkmeXY 1 emergency treatment of theobromine poisoning , from the Hazardous Substances Data Bank citation broken date November 2010 ref Serious poisoning happens more frequently in domestic ... chocolate to cause chocolate poisoning. The most common victims of theobromine poisoning are dog s, ref ... name vetrica pdog cite web url http www.vetrica.com care dog chocolate.shtml title Chocolate Poisoning ... signs of theobromine poisoning are nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , and increased urination . These can ... cases clinical symptoms of theobromine poisoning can persist for 72 hours. ref cite web first ... Chocolate Poisoning . June 16, 2005 http uk.answers.yahoo.com question index?qid 20070713105206AALUJya ... question348.htm The science behind the toxicity DEFAULTSORT Theobromine Poisoning Category Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances Category Dog health Category Cat health ... more details
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