orbital molecular electron orbitals see Magnetic moment . In pure paramagnetism, the dipoles ... of one type of spins will result. This effect is a weak form of paramagnetism known as Pauli paramagnetism .... This type of behavior is of an itinerant nature and better called Pauli paramagnetism, but it is not unusual ... above which the behavior reverts to ordinary paramagnetism with interaction . Ferrofluid s are a good ... pl Paramagnetyzm pt Paramagnetismo ro Paramagnetism ru sk Paramagnetizmus sl Paramagnetizem sr Paramagnetizam fi Paramagnetismi sv Paramagnetism th tr Param knat sl k ... more details
Magnetic fluid may refer to Magnetorheological fluid , a fluid that changes viscosity when subjected to a magnetic field. Ferrofluid , a strongly Paramagnetism paramagnetic fluid. disambig ... more details
The Morin transition also known as a spin flop transition is a magnetic phase transition in Fe sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub hematite where the antiferromagnetic ordering is reorganized from being aligned perpendicular to the c axis to be aligned parallel to the c axis below T sub M sub . T sub M sub 260K for Fe sup 3 sup in Fe sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub . A change in magnetic properties takes place at the Morin transition temperature. See also Ferromagnetism Antiferromagnetism Paramagnetism N el temperature References http flux.aps.org meetings YR00 MAR00 abs S240005.html American Physical Society abstract br Category Magnetism sl Morinov prehod ... more details
saved book title subtitle cover image cover color Magnetism Antiferromagnetism Biot Savart law Classical electromagnetism and special relativity Coercivity Diamagnetism Electromagnet Ferrimagnetism Ferromagnetism History of electromagnetic theory Lorentz force Magnet Magnetic bearing Magnetic circuit Magnetic dipole Magnetic domain Magnetic field Magnetic monopole Magnetic refrigeration Magnetic stirrer Magnetic structure Magnetism Metamagnetism Micromagnetics Molecule based magnets Neodymium magnet Paramagnetism Plastic magnet Rare earth magnet Single molecule magnet Spin glass Spin wave Spontaneous magnetization Superparamagnetism Vibrating sample magnetometer Category Wikipedia books on physics Magnetism ... more details
A magnetic ionic liquid was identified by Satoshi Hayashi and Hiro o Hamaguchi of the University of Tokyo in 2004 as an ionic liquid based on the imidazole 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium chloride and ferric chloride . ref cite journal title Discovery of a Magnetic Ionic Liquid bmim FeCl sub 4 sub author Satoshi Hayashi Hiro o Hamaguchi journal Chemistry Letters volume 33 year 2004 issue 18 pages 1590 1591 doi 10.1002 chin.200518200 ref ref cite journal title A new class of magnetic fluids bmim FeCl sub 4 sub and nbmim FeCl sub 4 sub ionic liquids D author Satoshi Hayashi Satyen Saha Hiro o Hamaguchi journal IEEE Transactions on Magnetics volume 42 year 2006 issue 1 pages 12 14 doi 10.1109 TMAG.2005.854875 url 10.1109 TMAG.2005.854875 bibcode 2006ITM....42...12H ref Due to the presence of high spin FeCl sub 4 sub sup sup , the liquid is paramagnetism paramagnetic and a magnetic susceptibility of 40.6 10 sup 6 sup emu g sup 1 sup is reported. A simple magnet suffices to attract the liquid in a test tube. References references Category Magnetism Category Ionic liquids ro Lichid magnetic ionic ... more details
Immunomagnetic separation IMS is a laboratory tool that can efficiently isolate cells out of body fluid or cultured cells. It can also be used as a method of quantifying the pathogenicity of food, blood or feces. DNA analysis have supported the combined use of both this technique and Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR . ref Engstrand, L. and Enroth, H., Journal of Clinical microbiology , vol.33, no.8, August 1995, p. 2162 2165. ref Another laboratory separation tool is the affinity magnetic separation AMS , which is more suitable for the isolation of prokaryotic cells. ref http www.hyglos.de en products services products bacteria capture kits.html Affinity magnetic separation of Listeria spp and Escherichia coli O157 Bacteria Capture Kit ref Technique Antibodies coating paramagnetism paramagnetic beads will bind to antigens present on the surface of cells thus capturing the cells and facilitate the concentration of these bead attached cells. The concentration process is created by a magnet placed on the side of the test tube bringing the beads to it. References Reflist Source references Category Laboratory techniques Category Molecular biology biochem stub de Immunomagnetische Separation ... more details
Merge to Dielectric discuss Talk Paraelectricity date September 2010 Paraelectricity is the ability of many materials specifically ceramic ceramic crystals to become polarized under an applied electric field . Unlike ferroelectricity , this can happen even if there is no permanent electric dipole that exists in the material, and removal of the fields results in the Dipolar polarization polarization in the material returning to zero. ref Chiang, Y. et al. Physical Ceramics, John Wiley & Sons 1997, New York ref The mechanisms which give rise to paraelectric behaviour are the distortion of individual ions displacement of the electron cloud from the nucleus and the polarization of molecules or combinations of ions or defects. Paraelectricity occurs in crystal phases in which electricity electric dipole s are unaligned i.e. unordered domains that are electrically charged and thus have the potential to align in an external electric field and strengthen it. In comparison to the ferroelectric effect ferroelectric phase, the domains are unordered and the internal field is weak. The lithium niobate LiNbO SUB 3 SUB crystal is ferroelectric below 1430 Kelvin K , and above this temperature it transforms into a paraelectric phase. Similarly, other perovskite s also exhibit paraelectricity at high temperatures. Paraelectricity has been explored as a possible refrigeration mechanism polarizing a paraelectric by applying an electric field under adiabatic adiabatic process conditions raises the temperature, while removing the field lowers the temperature. ref U. Kuhn and F. Luty. Solid State Communications 4 1965 . doi 10.1016 0038 1098 65 90060 8 ref A heat pump which polarizes the paraelectric, brings it into contact with the object to be cooled, and then depolarizes it would result in refrigeration. See also Paramagnetism Ferroelectricity Dielectric References Reflist Polarization states Category Electric and magnetic fields in matter Condensedmatter stub ca Paraelectricitat de Pa ... more details
The Knight shift is a shift in the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency of a paramagnetism paramagnetic substance first published in 1949 by the American physicist Walter David Knight . ref http www.nap.edu readingroom.php?book biomems&page wknight.html National Academies Press Biographical Memoirs Walter David Knight, October 14, 1919 June 28, 2000 By Erwin L. Hahn, Vitaly V. Kresin, and John H. Reynolds ref ref http texts.cdlib.org view?docId hb1r29n709&chunk.id div00032&brand calisphere&doc.view entire text University of California In Memoriam, 2000 Walter David Knight, Physics Berkeley 1919 2000 Professor Emeritus ref The Knight shift refers to the relative shift K in NMR frequency for atoms in a metal e.g. sodium compared with the same atoms in a nonmetallic environment e.g. sodium chloride . The observed shift reflects the local magnetic field produced at the sodium nucleus by the magnetization of the conduction electrons. The average local field in sodium augments the applied resonance field by approximately one part per 1000. In nonmetallic sodium chloride the local field is negligible in comparison. The Knight shift is due to the conduction band conduction electrons in metals. They introduce an extra effective field at the nuclear site, due to the spin physics spin orientations of the conduction electrons in the presence of an external field. This is responsible for the shift observed in the nuclear magnetic resonance. The shift comes from two sources, one is the Pauli paramagnetic spin susceptibility, the other is the s component wavefunctions at the nucleus. Depending on the electronic structure, the Knight shift may be temperature dependent. However, in metals which normally have a broad featureless electronic density of states, Knight shifts are temperature independent. References reflist Category Spectroscopy Category Chemical physics physics stub ru ... more details
The Curie constant is a material dependent property that relates a material s magnetic susceptibility to its temperature. The Curie constant, when expressed in SI units, is given by math C frac mu 0 mu B 2 3 k B N g 2 J J 1 math ref cite book last Kittel first Charles title Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Edition publisher Wiley pages 304 isbn 047141526X ref where math mu 0 math is the permeability constant, math N math is the number of magnetic atoms or molecules per unit volume, math g math is the Land g factor , math mu B math 9.27400915e 24 J T or A m sup 2 sup is the Bohr magneton , math J math is the angular momentum quantum number and math k B math is Boltzmann s constant . For a two level system with magnetic moment math mu math , the formula reduces to math C frac 1 k B N mu 2 math The constant is used in Curie s Law , which states that for a fixed value of a magnetic field, the magnetization of a material is approximately inversely proportional to temperature. math mathbf M frac C T mathbf B math This equation was first derived by Pierre Curie . Because of the relationship between magnetic susceptibility math chi math , magnetization math scriptstyle mathbf M math and applied magnetic field math scriptstyle mathbf H math math chi frac mathbf M mathbf H math this shows that for a paramagnetic system of non interacting magnetic moments, magnetization math scriptstyle mathbf M math is inversely related to temperature math T math see Curie s Law . See also Paramagnetism References reflist Category Thermodynamics Category Physical constants condensedmatter stub ar ca Constant de Curie de Curie Konstante ja ... more details
The Curie Weiss law describes the magnetic susceptibility math var &chi var of a ferromagnet in the paramagnetic region above the Curie point math chi frac C T T c math where math var C var is a material specific Curie constant , math var T var is absolute temperature, measured in kelvin s, and math var T sub c sup var is the Curie temperature , measured in kelvins. The law predicts a singularity in the susceptibility at math var T T sub c sup var . Below this temperature the ferromagnet has a spontaneous magnetization . In many materials the Curie Weiss law fails to describe the susceptibility in the immediate vicinity of the Curie point, since it is based on a mean field theory mean field approximation . Instead, there is a critical behavior of the form math chi sim frac 1 T T c gamma math with the critical exponent math var &gamma var . However, at temperatures math var T > > T sub c sup var the expression of the Curie Weiss law still holds, but with math var T sub c sup var replaced by a temperature math var &Theta var that is somewhat higher than the actual Curie temperature. Some authors call math var &Theta var the Weiss constant to distinguish it from the temperature of the actual Curie point. See also Curie s law Paramagnetism Pierre Curie Pierre Ernest Weiss References Introduction to Solid State Physics 7th ed. 1996 by Charles Kittel Categories Category Magnetic ordering condensedmatter stub de Curie Weiss Gesetz es Ley de Curie Weiss fr Loi de Curie Weiss nl Wet van Curie Weiss pl Prawo Curie Weissa ru ar ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Affinitymagnetic separation AMS is a laboratory tool that can efficiently isolate bacteria l cells out of body fluid or cultured cells. It can also be used as a method of quantifying the pathogenicity of food, blood or feces. Another laboratory separation tool is the immunomagnetic separation IMS , which is more suitable for the isolation of eucaryotic cells. Technique Refimprove date April 2011 Bacteriophages Attachment and penetration Host recognition of bacteriophages occur via bacteria binding proteins that have strong binding affinities to specific protein or carbohydrate structures on the surface of the bacterial host. Bacteria binding proteins derived from bacteriophage coating paramagnetism paramagnetic beads will bind to specific cell components present on the surface of host thus capturing the cells and facilitate the concentration of these bead attached cells. ref Kretzer JW, Lehmann R, Banz M, Kim KP, Korn C. Loessner MJ 2007 Use of high affinity cell wall binding domains of bacteriophage endolysins for immobilization and separation of bacterial cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 73 1992 2000 ref ref Rozand C, Feng P.C.H. Specificity analysis of a novel Phage derived ligand in an Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 H7. Journal of Food Protection, 2009 72 1078 1081 ref The concentration process is created by a magnet placed on the side of the test tube bringing the beads to it. Due to the phage ligand technology , AMS is superior to the antibody based immunomagnetic separation IMS on sorting bacterial cells. ref http www.hyglos.de en products services products bacteria capture kits.html Affinity magnetic separation of Listeria spp and Escherichia coli O157 Bacteria Capture Kits ref References references DEFAULTSORT Affinity Magnetic Separation Category Laboratory techniques Category Molecular biology de Affinit tsmagnetische Separation ... more details
that show some other form of magnetism such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism , the diamagnetism ... or paramagnetism in a purely classical system. Yet the classical theory for Langevin diamagnetism ... . Landau diamagnetism, however, should be contrasted with Paramagnetism Delocalization Pauli paramagnetism ... cite web url http phy.ntnu.edu.tw changmc Teach SS SS note chap11.pdf title Diamagnetism and paramagnetism ... Magnetochemistry Paramagnetism References reflist External links http www.youtube.com watch?v ... more details
Image Antiferromagnetic ordering.svg thumb Antiferromagnetic ordering In materials that exhibit antiferromagnetism , the magnetic moment s of atom s or molecule s, usually related to the spins of electron s, align in a regular pattern with neighboring spin physics spins on different sublattices pointing in opposite directions. This is, like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism , a manifestation of ordered magnetism . Generally, antiferromagnetic order may exist at sufficiently low temperatures, vanishing at and above a certain temperature, the N el temperature named after Louis N el , who had first identified this type of magnetic ordering . ref L. N el, Propri t es magn tiques des ferrites F rrimagn tisme et antiferromagn tisme , Annales de Physique Paris 3, 137 198 1948 . ref Above the N el temperature, the material is typically paramagnetism paramagnetic . Measurement When no external field is applied, the antiferromagnetic structure corresponds to a vanishing total magnetization. In an external magnetic field, a kind of ferrimagnetic behavior may be displayed in the antiferromagnetic phase, with the absolute value of one of the sublattice magnetizations differing from that of the other sublattice, resulting in a nonzero net magnetization. The magnetic susceptibility of an antiferromagnetic material typically shows a maximum at the N el temperature. In contrast, at the transition between the ferromagnetism ferromagnetic to the paramagnetism paramagnetic phases the susceptibility will diverge. In the antiferromagnetic case, a divergence is observed in the staggered susceptibility . Various microscopic exchange interactions between the magnetic moments or spins may lead to antiferromagnetic structures. In the simplest case, one may consider an Ising model on an bipartite lattice, e.g. the simple cubic lattice , with couplings between spins at nearest neighbor sites. Depending on the sign of that interaction, ferromagnetism ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic order will ... more details
refimprove date August 2010 technical date May 2011 In physics and materials science , the Curie temperature T sub c sub , or Curie point , is the temperature at which a ferromagnetism ferromagnetic or a ferrimagnetism ferrimagnetic material becomes paramagnetism paramagnetic on heating the effect is reversible. A magnet will lose its magnetism if heated above the Curie temperature. The term is also used in piezoelectric materials to refer to the temperature at which spontaneous polarization electrostatics polarization is lost on heating. An analogous temperature, the N el temperature , is defined for antiferromagnetic materials. The Curie temperature is named after Pierre Curie . Below the Curie temperature neighboring magnetic spin s are aligned parallel within ferromagnetic materials and anti parallel in ferrimagnetic materials. As the temperature is increased towards the Curie point, the alignment magnetization within each domain decreases. Above the Curie temperature, the material is paramagnetism paramagnetic so that magnetic moments are in a completely disordered state. The destruction of magnetization at the Curie temperature is a second order phase transition and a critical point thermodynamics critical point where the magnetic susceptibility is theoretically infinite. A heat induced ferromagnetic paramagnetic transition is used in magneto optical storage media, for erasing and writing of new data. Famous examples include the Sony Minidisc format, as well as the now obsolete CD RW CD MO CD MO format. Other uses include temperature control in soldering iron s, and stabilizing the magnetic field of tachometer generators against temperature variation. ref harvnb Pall s Areny Webster 2001 pages 262 263 ref File Ferromagnetic ordering.svg thumb right Below the Curie temperature, neighboring magnetic spins align in a ferromagnet even if there is no magnetic field . File Paramagnetic probe without magnetic field.svg thumb right Above the Curie temperature, the mag ... more details
rich fertiliser enables plants to access locked phosphorus. Paramagnetism br The Chemical element ... to paramagnetism in soil which aid in cation exchange capacity. pH br The calcium and magnesium ... more details
A buffer gas is an inert or nonflammable gas . In the Earth s atmosphere , nitrogen acts as a buffer gas. A buffer gas adds pressure to a system and controls the speed of combustion with any oxygen present. Any inert gas such as helium , neon , or argon will serve as a buffer gas. Uses Buffer gases are commonly used in many applications from gas discharge lamp high pressure discharge lamps to reduce line width of microwave transitions in alkali alkali atoms . A buffer gas usually consists of atomically inert gases such as helium , argon , and nitrogen which are the primary gases used. Krypton , neon , and xenon are also used, primarily for lighting. In most scenarios, buffer gases are used in conjunction with other molecules for the main purpose of causing collisions with the other co existing molecules. In fluorescent lamp s, Mercury element mercury is used as the primary ion from which light is emitted. Krypton is the buffer gas used in conjunction with the mercury which is used to moderate the momentum of collisions of mercury ions in order to reduce the damage done to the electrode s in the fluorescent lamp. Generally speaking, the longest lasting lamps are those with the heaviest noble gas es as buffer gases. Image Diagram of how buffer gas works.JPG right Buffer gas loading techniques have been developed for use in cooling paramagnetism paramagnetic atoms and molecules at ultra cold temperatures. The buffer gas most commonly used in this sort of application is helium. Buffer gas cooling can be used on just about any molecule, as long as the molecule is capable of surviving multiple collisions with low energy helium atoms, which most molecules are capable of doing. Buffer gas cooling is allowing the molecules of interest to be cooled through elastic collision s with a cold buffer gas inside a chamber see Figure a . If there are enough collisions between the buffer gas and the other molecules of interest before the molecules hit the walls of the chamber and are ... more details
expert subject physics date March 2009 In physics, the term clusters denotes small, multiatom particles. As a rule of thumb, any particle of somewhere between 3 and 3x10 sup 7 sup atom s is considered a cluster. Two atom particles are sometimes considered clusters as well Fact date February 2007 . The term can also refer to the organization of protons and neutrons within an atomic nucleus, e.g. the Alpha particle a.k.a. as http arxiv.org PS cache arxiv pdf 0906 0906.3556v2.pdf cluster , consisting of two protons and two neutrons as in a helium nucleus . Although first reports of cluster species date back already to the 1940s ref name hahn cite journal author Mattauch J, Ewald H, Hahn O, Strassmann F. title Hat ein Caesum Isotop langer Halbwertszeit existiert? Ein Beitrag zur Deutung ungew hnlicher Linien in der Massenspektrographie journal Zeitschrift f r Physik volume 120 pages 598 617 year 1943 bibcode 1943ZPhy..120..598M doi 10.1007 BF01329807 issue 7 10 ref , Cluster science emerged as a separate direction of research in the 1980s, One purpose of the research was to study the gradual development of collective phenomena which characterize a bulk solid. These are for example the color of a body, its electrical conductivity, its ability to absorb or reflect light, and magnetic phenomena such as ferro , ferri , or antiferromagnetism. These are typical collective phenomena which only develop in an aggregate of a large number of atoms. It was found that collective phenomena break down for very small cluster sizes. It turned out, for example, that small clusters of a ferromagnetic material are super paramagnetic rather than ferromagnetic. Paramagnetism is not a collective phenomenon, which means that the ferromagnetism of the macrostate was not conserved by going into the nanostate. The question then was asked for example How many atoms do we need in order to obtain the collective metallic or magnetic properties of a solid ? Soon after the first cluster sources had b ... more details
Sergei Vasilyevich Vonsovsky also spelled as Vonsovskii or Vonsovskiy , Russian language Russian 1910 1998 was a prominent Soviet Union Soviet and Russia n physicist. Biography Sergei Vonsovsky was born in 1910 in Tashkent . In 1932 he graduated from the Leningrad University . In 1932 he moved to Sverdlovsk now Yekaterinburg and started working at the Ural Physicotechical Institute, later at the Metals Physics Institute of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences . In 1943 he defended his second thesis and received the highest scientific degree of Doctor of Science Russian degree called doctor nauk . From 1947 he also kept a professorship at the chair of theoretical physics at the department of physics of the Ural State University . Since 1971 to 1985 he was the director of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences . Sergei Vonsovsky led researches in the field of metal physics studying the transition metal s and the fusions. He created the fusions ferromagnetism theory and developed the theory of magnetic anisotropy . He also worked at the field of the transition metal s and fusions superconductivity in particular he studied the problem of simultaneity of ferromagnetism and paramagnetism . He was the founder of the Ural scientific school in ferromagnetism and metals physics. Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences instituted Vonsovsky Gold Medal in his honour. Honours Full member academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1966 Hero of Socialist Labour 1969 Foreign member of the Polish Academy of Sciences Foreign corresponding member of the German Academy of Sciences State Prize of USSR 1975, 1982 Vavilov Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1982 Three Order of Lenin Orders of Lenin Order of the Red Star Order of the Red Banner of Labour Demidov Prize 1993 Honorary citizen of Yekaterinburg One of the streets of Yekaterinburg is called after academician Vonsovsky. The main scientific award of the Ura ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 400293342 ImageFile MTSL chemical structure.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName S 2,2,5,5 tetramethyl 2,5 dihydro 1H pyrrol 3 yl methyl methanesulfonothioate OtherNames MTSL Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 117873 InChI 1 C10H18NO3S2 c1 9 2 6 8 7 15 16 5,13 14 10 3,4 11 9 12 h6H,7H2,1 5H3 InChIKey BLSCGBLQCTWVPO UHFFFAOYAW StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H18NO3S2 c1 9 2 6 8 7 15 16 5,13 14 10 3,4 11 9 12 h6H,7H2,1 5H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey BLSCGBLQCTWVPO UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 81213 52 7 PubChem 133628 SMILES CC1 C C C N1 O C C CSS O O C C Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 18 N 1 O 3 S 2 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition MTSL S 2,2,5,5 tetramethyl 2,5 dihydro 1H pyrrol 3 yl methyl methanesulfonothioate is a chemical compound which can be used as a nitroxide amine oxide paramagnetism paramagnetic spin label in protein Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments. MTSL is attached via a disulfide bond to a cysteine residue, enabling site directed spin labelling. Following attachment, which involves a Sulfinic acid CH sub 3 sub SO sub 2 sub leaving group ref Kenyon, G.L. and Bruice, T.W. 1977 . Novel sulfhydryl reagents. Methods In Enzymology 47, 407 430. ref ref Berliner, L.J., Grunwald, J., Hankovszky, H.O., Hideg, K. 1982 . A novel reversible thiol specific spin label papain active site labeling and inhibition. Analytical Biochemistry 119, 450 455. ref , the MTSL moiety will add 186.3 atomic mass unit daltons to the mass of the protein or peptide to which it is attached. The cysteine can be introduced using site directed mutagenesis , and hence most positions in a protein can be labelled. In Nuclear magnetic resonance the introduction of the paramagnetic group increases the relaxation rate of nearby atomic nucleus nuclei . This can be detected a ... more details
Frank Steglich born 1941 is a German physicist. He received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in 1986 and a number of other recognitions. He is the founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids in Dresden, Germany and is currently also Vice President of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft German Research Foundation . Frank Steglich discovered the first heavy fermion superconductor , CeCu sub 2 sub Si sub 2 sub , while working as a postdoctoral student in Koln, Germany in 1978. ref cite journal author F. Steglich title Twenty five years of heavy fermion superconductivity url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6TVH 4FFN4YW 7& user 10& coverDate 04 2F30 2F2005& alid 789151712& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& cdi 5535& sort d& docanchor &view c& ct 1& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 2ce0b01e334d1c1f746f1b28137b48c8 journal Physica B Condensed Matter volumes 359 361 pages 326 332 year 2005 doi 10.1016 j.physb.2005.01.054 volume 359 361 ref CeCu sub 2 sub Si sub 2 sub is the first metallic system to be discovered in which the superconductivity is driven by electron electron interactions, rather than the electron phonon interaction that is responsible for conventional BCS superconductivity. The discovery of this material revolutionized research into superconductivity, establishing the reality of electronically mediated superconductivity and foreshadowing the discovery of a wide range of heavy electron superconductors, and the subsequent discovery of electronically mediated pairing in cuprate high temperature superconductors . The first published report of the phenomenon occurred in 1979, ref cite journal title Superconductivity in the Presence of Strong Pauli Paramagnetism CeCu sub 2 sub Si sub 2 sub author F. Steglich, J. Aarts, C. D. Bredl, W. Lieke, D. Meschede, W. Franz, and H. Sch fer year 1979 journal Physical Review Letters volume 43 issue 25 page 1892 ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 443521810 ImageFile Lambda tris acetylacetonato manganese III 3D balls.png ImageSize IUPACName Chromium III acetylacetonate OtherNames tris 2,4 pentanediono chromium III Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 3C5H7O2.Cr c3 1 4 6 3 5 2 7 h3 3H,1 2H3 q3 1 3 InChIKey GMJCSPGGZSWVKI UHFFFAOYAF StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S 3C5H7O2.Cr c3 1 4 6 3 5 2 7 h3 3H,1 2H3 q3 1 3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey GMJCSPGGZSWVKI UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 21679 31 2 PubChem ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 33035 SMILES Cr 3 .O C CH C O C C.O C CH C O C C.O C CH C O C C ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 2006256 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 15 sub H sub 21 sub CrO sub 6 sub MolarMass 349.32 Appearance deep maroon Density 1.34 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 216 C BoilingPt 340 C sublimes near 100 C SolubleOther soluble Solvent non polar organic solvents Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Chromium III acetylacetonate is the coordination compound with the chemical formula formula Cr C sub 5 sub H sub 7 sub O sub 2 sub sub 3 sub , sometimes designated as Cr acac sub 3 sub . This purplish complex chemistry coordination complex is used in NMR spectroscopy as a relaxation agent because of its solubility in nonpolar organic solvents and its paramagnetism . Synthesis and structure The compound is prepared by the reaction of chromium III oxide with acetylacetone Hacac ref W. Conard Fernelius, Julian E. Blanch Chromium III Acetylacetonate Tris 2,4 Pentanediono Chromium III Inorganic Syntheses, 1957, Volume 5, 130 131. DOI 10.1002 9780470132364.ch35 ref Cr sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub 6 Hacac 2 Cr acac sub 3 sub 3 H sub 2 sub O The complex has idealized D sub 3 sub Molecular symmetry symmetry . Like other Cr III compounds, it has the d sup 3 sup configuration, having a quartet ground state. Although it is relatively inert toward substitution, the ... more details
Infobox scientist name Peter V. E. McClintock image filename only image size caption birth date Birth date and age 1940 10 17 birth place Omagh , Northern Ireland death date death place residence United Kingdom citizenship nationality United Kingdom British ethnicity fields Physicist workplaces Lancaster University alma mater Queen s University, Belfast br University of Oxford doctoral advisor Harold Max Rosenberg academic advisors doctoral students Nigel G. Stocks notable students known for Superfluid s author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced awards religion signature filename only footnotes Peter Vaughan Elsmere McClintock was born in Omagh , Northern Ireland , in 17 October 1940. McClintock is notable for his scientific work on superfluid s and stochastic nonlinear dynamics . ref IEEE Trans. Circ. & Sys. II, Vol. 46 , No. 9, pp. 1214, 1999. ref Education He received the B.Sc. degree in physics in 1962 and the D.Sc. degree from Queen s University , Belfast , Northern Ireland . He completed his D.Phil. at Oxford University in 1966, under Harold Max Rosenberg , with a thesis entitled Experiments on Spin Phonon Interactions in the area of paramagnetism paramagnetic crystal s at very low temperatures. Career He performed postdoctoral research on superfluid helium at Duke University , Durham , North Carolina . He joined Lancaster University , UK , in 1968, where he is now a Professor of Physics. His research interests span superfluid helium 4 , medical physics , and stochastic nonlinear dynamics . The particular sub topics are a magnetism including, especially, studies of spin phonon interactions in rare earth ethylsulphate crystals b quantum fluids and liquid helium 4 in particular c nonlinear dynamics and fluctuational phenomena including applications to physiology. Since 2009, he is the Editor in Chief of Fluctuation and Noise Letters . Honors McClintock is a Fellow of the Institute of Physics . Books by McClintock Frank Moss and P. V. E. McClintoc ... more details
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