Parapodia Greek language Gr. para , beyond or beside podia , feet , singular parapodium , are paired, un jointed Anatomical terms of location Directional terms lateral outgrowths from the bodies of two different invertebrate groups, which are primarily marine in habitat. These structures are characteristic of Polychaeta , and several clade s of sea snail s and sea slug s. In polychaete worms Image Tomopteriskils.jpg thumb The planktonic polychaete Tomopteris Parapodia in polychaetes are either uniramous or biramous . In the latter case, the Dorsum biology dorsal lobes or branches are called notopodia and the ventral branches neuropodia . Both neuropodia and notopodia can bear cirri called respectively neurocirri and notocirri and seta e called respectively neurosetae and notosetae . The cirri between the two branches are called interramal cirri . clear In opisthobranch gastropod molluscs The fleshy protrusions on the sides of some Gastropoda snails are also called parapodia they are particularly well developed in sea butterflies . Some sea hares also use their parapodia to swim. Parapodia can be used for respiration such as gills also they can be used for locomotion. Parapodia are found in Clade Cephalaspidea Clade Thecosomata Clade Gymnosomata Clade Aplysiomorpha clear See also Epitoke parapodium References reflist Category Annelid anatomy Category Mollusc anatomy ca Parapodi de Parapodium es Parapodio fr Parapode nl Parapode pl Parapodium pt Par pode ru sr uk ... more details
Taxobox name Arenicolidae image Lugworm cast, Red Wharf Bay, Isle of Anglesey geograph.org.uk 30354.jpg image caption Cast and depression caused by buried Arenicola marina . regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Capitellida subclassis Scolecida familia Arenicolidae familia authority George Johnston Johnston , 1835 subdivision center See text center ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 922 World Register of Marine Species ref subdivision ranks Genera Arenicolidae is a Family biology family of marine Polychaeta polychaete worms. They are commonly known as lugworms and the little coils of sand they produce are commonly seen on the beach. Arenicolids are found worldwide, mostly living in burrows in sandy substrates. Most are Detritivore deposit feeders but some graze on algae . ref Fauchald, K. 1977. The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, CA USA Science Series 28 1 188 ref Description The arenicolids are characterised by an elongated cylindrical body separated into two or three distinct regions. The prostomium has no appendage s or palp s. There are one or two anterior segments without setae . On the other segments, all the setae are unbranched, including the capillary setae and the Rostrum anatomy rostrate uncini. The Parapodium notopodia are bluntly truncate and the Parapodium neuropodia are elongated tori forming long transverse welts in some of the setigers. The Parapodium notosetae have either a capillary function or act as limbs and the Parapodium neurosetae are rostrate hooks. There are Gill branchiae present on some of the setigers in the middle or posterior regions. ref http www.vliz.be imisdocs publications 123110.pdf The Polychaete Worms ref Apart from the genus Branchiomaldane , the lugworms are not easy to confuse with other polychaetes. Their tough cuticle and their distinct branchial region with strongly tufte ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A chaeta or cheta see American and British English spelling differences spelling differences is a chitin ous bristle or seta found on an insect , arthropod or annelid worms such as the earthworm , although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates. The plural form is chaetae or chetae . In the Polychaeta , they are located on the parapodium parapodia . They consist of two sets in Hediste diversicolor Nereis diversicolor , one below the Dorsum biology dorsal cirrus Disambiguation needed date June 2011 on the notopodium and another above the ventral cirrus on the neuropodium . See also Chaetotaxy References reflist Category Annelid anatomy Annelid stub Animal anatomy stub eo eto nl Chaeta ... more details
refimprove date January 2012 Taxobox name Saccocirridae regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata familia Saccocirridae familia authority Czerniavsky, 1881 ref cite WoRMS year 2011 title Saccocirridae db Polychaeta id 995 accessdate January 20, 2012 ref genus Saccocirrus genus authority Bobretzky, 1872 ref cite WoRMS author G rard Bellan year 2011 title Saccocirrus Bobretzky, 1872 db Polychaeta id 129550 accessdate January 20, 2012 ref The Saccocirridae are small interstitial polychaete s common in coarse sand, reflective, surf beaches, usually within the zone of retention. The Saccociridae are members of the clade Protodrilida , which is in turn part of the clade Canalipalpata . Saccocirridae have a world wide distribution and it is likely that many more species remain to be described. These polychates are usually between 2 and 10 mm in length and 500 m wide. They have reduced parapodium parapodia and are considered a true interstitial species, incapable of burrowing through finer sediment s. Morphology Based on Saccocirrus sonomacus from the Pacific Coast of the Americas. The prostomium supports a pair of groved palps that have, primarily, a sensory purpose. A pair of eyes are also present. The peristomium is probably reduced to a circumoral ring. Pygidium is usually bi lobed. It contains a duo gland adhesive system. References reflist Category Polychaetes annelid stub ... more details
Taxobox name Onuphidae regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaete Polychaeta subclassis Aciculata ordo Eunicida familia Onuphidae familia authority Kinberg, 1865 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author Read, Geoff year 2010 title Onuphidae id 965 accessdate 2012 01 16 db Polychaeta ref subdivision center See text center subdivision ranks Genera Onuphidae is a family biology family of polychaete worms. Characteristics Most Onuphids have tubes. Some live semi submerged in the substrate but others carry their tubes around, and they can all rebuild their tubes if necessary. The tubes are thin and parchment like and are formed of bits of shell and sand, with plant debris, stuck together with Mucus mucous . The Onuphids are all omnivorous scavenger s, feeding on animal and vegetable debris. ref name HK http personal.cityu.edu.hk bhworm errant onuphidae.htm Onuphidae Marine Errant Polychaetes in Hong Kong. Retrieved 2012 01 16. ref ref http rmbr.nus.edu.sg polychaete Onuphidae.html Family Onuphidae A Guide To Singapore Polychaetes. Retrieved 2012 01 16. ref The prostomium has 2 short frontal antennae, 2 globular palps and 5 main antennae. The mandibles are large and the maxillae have several pairs of plates edged with fine teeth. There are some tentacular cirri. The anterior parapodium points forward and has tapered ventral cirri. The posterior parapodium has cushion like cirri. The setae include winged capillaries and pseudocompound forms on the anterior parapodia and winged capillaries, comb setae and acicular setae on the posterior ones. ref name HK Genera The World Register of Marine Species includes the following genus genera in the family ref name WoRMS Americonuphis small Fauchald, 1973 small Anchinothria small Paxton, 1986 small Aponuphis small Kucheruk, 1978 small Australonuphis small Paxton, 1986 small Brevibrachium small Paxton, 1986 small Diopatra small Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 small Dualgenys Epidiopatra small Augener, 1918 small Fauchaldonuphis small P ... more details
Taxobox name Notobranchaeidae regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Euopisthobranchia br clade Gymnosomata superfamilia Clionoidea familia Notobranchaeidae familia authority Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1886 subdivision ranks Genera and species subdivision See text Notobranchaeidae is a taxonomic family biology family of floating sea slugs or sea angels , pelagic marine ocean marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk s. The small pelagic snails of this family have no shell except in the early embryo nic stage . They are carnivore s, equipped with swimming parapodium parapodia fleshy winglike flaps , strong jaws and grasping tentacles, often with suckers resembling those of cephalopod s. A more comprehensive discussion can be found under the entry Sea angel . Genera and species Genera and species in the family Notobranchaeidae include Genus Notobranchaea small Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1886 small Notobranchaea bleekerae small van der Spoel & Pafort van Iersel, 1985 small Distribution Oceanic Notobranchaea grandis small Alice Pruvot Fol Pruvot Fol , 1942 small Distribution Oceanic Length 15 mm Notobranchaea inopinata small Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1887 small Distribution Oceanic Length 5 mm Notobranchaea macdonaldi small Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1886 small Distribution Bermuda, Oceanic Length 5 mm Notobranchaea tetrabranchiata small Bonnevie, 1913 small Distribution Oceanic Length 16 mm References Spoel, S. van der, & T. Pafort van Iersel, 1985. Note on the taxonomy of the family Notobranchaeidae and description of Notobranchaea bleekerae n.sp., a species new to science Gastropoda, Pteropoda . Basteria, 49 29 36, 1 tab., 3 figs ITIS id 78084 taxon Prionoglossa Category Notobranchaeidae ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Elysia subornata regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Plakobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Plakobranchidae genus Elysia gastropod Elysia species E. subornata binomial Elysia subornata binomial authority Verrill , 1901 Elysia subornata is a species of small sea slug , a marine ocean marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family biology family Plakobranchidae . This sea slug resembles a nudibranch , but it is not closely related to that order of gastropods, instead it is a sacoglossa n. Description Elysia subornata grows to a length of about convert 5 cm . It is variable in colour, being found in shades of green, olive and beige, sometimes with a reddish tinge. It has broad Parapodium parapodia fleshy protrusions at the side with thick white margins sometimes edged in brown or black. The parapodia are covered in tiny papillae fleshy protuberances and the rhinophore s sensory organs on the head are also papillose. ref http www.seaslugforum.net find elyssubo Elysia subornata The Sea Slug Forum. Retrieved 2012 01 22. ref Distribution This species is found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean , including the Caribbean Sea . Human uses It has been proposed that Elysia subornata could be used as a biological control agent against an invasive strain of the alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea . The high toxicity levels of that alga discourage most of the native herbivorous fauna from consuming it. Elysia subornata , however, preferentially feeds on Caulerpa taxifolia , using the secondary metabolite, Caulerpenyne, for its own defence. References reflist Category Plakobranchidae Placobranchidae stub fr Elysia subornata ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Elysia ornata image Elysia ornata konohamidorigai.jpg image caption Elysia ornata image2 Elysia ornata.png image2 caption Elysia ornata about 2 cm in length regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Plakobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Plakobranchidae genus Elysia gastropod Elysia species E. ornata binomial Elysia ornata binomial authority William John Swainson Swainson , 1840 ref cite WoRMS author Gofas, Serge year 2010 title Elysia ornata Swainson, 1840 id 139682 accessdate 2012 01 24 db ref Elysia ornata is a species of sea slug , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusk . This sea slug superficially resembles a nudibranch , yet it does not belong to that suborder of gastropods. Instead it is a member of the closely related clade Sacoglossa , the sap sucking sea slugs. Description Elysia ornata can grow to about convert 4 cm in length. It is a translucent greenish yellow colour speckled with white and black. It has broad Parapodium parapodia each edged with an orange band and a black margin. The rhinophore s are similarly coloured with a band of orange and dark tips. ref name SSF http www.seaslugforum.net factsheet elysorna Elysia ornata SeaSlugForum. Retrieved 2012 01 24. ref Distribution Elysia ornata is a tropical species found in both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. ref name SSF References reflist commons category Elysia ornata Category Plakobranchidae Category Animals described in 1840 Placobranchidae stub ... more details
Taxobox name Scolecida image Capitella capitata.jpg image caption Capitella capitata regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Scolecida subdivision ranks Subdivisions subdivision center See text center Scolecida is a Class biology subclass of polychaete worm. Scolecids are mostly unselective Detritivore deposit feeders on marine detritus. Characteristics Scolecids have Parapodium parapodia with rami that are all alike. The prostomium is distinct. The head has no appendage s or palp s and is usually conical, though in the Scalibregmatidae , it has a T shaped tip, and in Paraonidae , there is a single, central antenna. In some families there are sometimes some tiny eyespots. The oesophagus is evertable forming a sac like proboscis which may have several finger like lobes. The anterior segments and their appendages are all similar. The notopodia and neuropodia consist of unbranched capillary chaeta e, sometimes with hooks. There is a single central gill in Cossuridae on an anterior segment and simple segmental gills are present in some other families. ref name Ann http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Clade clade scolecida.htm Annelida.net ref Systematics The families Arenicolidae, Capitellidae and Maldanidae were formerly part of the order Capitellida. They are now included in subclass Scolecida along with Cossuridae, Orbiniidae, Opheliidae, Paraonidae and Scalibregmatidae. This clade is probably not a natural grouping and is likely to be revised in the future. ref name Ann Subdivisions Family Aeolosomatidae Family Arenicolidae Family Capitellidae Family Cossunidae Family Maldanidae Family Opheliidae Family Orbiniidae Family Paraonidae Family Parergodrilidae Family Potamodrilidae Family Psammodrilidae Family Questidae Family Scalibregmatidae References reflist Category Polychaetes ... more details
Taxobox name Oweniidae image image width image caption Phragmatopoma californica regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata subordo Sabellida familia Oweniidae familia authority Rioja, 1917 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision center See text center Oweniidae is a Family biology family of marine polychaete worms in the suborder Sabellida . The worms live in tubes made of sand and are selective filter feeder s, ref name NIWA http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Family F Oweniidae.htm NIWA Guide to Polychaeta ref detrivore s and grazers. ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 975 World Register of Marine Species ref Characteristics Members of this family live in tubes made of sand and shell fragments. The head of the worm does not bear a proboscis but has the mouth at the tip rimmed by some very short tentacle s. The body segments lack parapodium parapodia and are smooth elongated cylinders. There are a large number of hooked chaeta e or bristles on a small pad on the ventral side of each segment. These chaetae have two parallel teeth resembling claws which is a feature that distinguishes members of this family from other polychaetes. The posterior tip bears different appendages in different genera. Family members are unique in having a bell shaped larval stage known as a mitraria larva. At one time the family was classified as the Ammocharidae. ref name NIWA Genera div col colwidth 26em Ammochares Clymenia worm Clymenia Galathowenia small Kirkegaard, 1959 small Mitraria worm Mitraria Myriochele small Malmgren, 1867 small Myrioglobula small Hartman, 1967 small Myriowenia small Hartman, 1960 small Ops worm Ops Owenia worm Owenia small Delle Chiaje, 1841 small Psammocollus ref name WoRMS div col end References reflist Category Sabellida ... more details
Taxobox name Palpata image Haeckel Chaetopoda edit.jpg image caption Illustration by Ernst Heackel regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Aciculata br Canalipalpata Palpata is a Class biology subclass of polychaete worm. Members of this subclass are mostly Detritivore deposit feeders on marine detritus or filter feeder s. Characteristics Palpata includes the majority of genera and species of polychaete worms and is subdivided into the Class biology orders Aciculata and Canalipalpata . ref name R&R Rouse, G. W., and K. Fauchald. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes. Zool. Scr. 26 139 204. ref The prostomium is characterised by a pair of sensory palp s which gives the subclass its name and which are lacking in the other main taxon of polychaetes, the Scolecida . ref http webs.lander.edu rsfox invertebrates eudistylia.html Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine ref Aciculata is a large group including about half of all existing polychaete species and is equivalent to the old taxonomic group Errantia , worms that can move about freely by crawling or swimming. These worms are characterised by having internal supporting chaeta e in their Parapodium parapodia . Aciculata is divided into suborders Eunicida and Phyllodocida . Canalipalpata is equivalent to the old taxonomic group Sedentaria , worms that stay in one place, living in a self made tube composed of mud or sand cemented together with mucus. Members of Canalipalpata are worms with elongated grooved palp structures used for feeding and the order is divided into suborders Sabellida , Spionida and Terebellida . Taxonomy Further research is likely to result in changes to the cladistics of the annelids, the monophyly of which is in doubt. ref http tolweb.org Annelida Tree of Life Web Project ref The World Register of Marine Species considers Palpata a nomen dubium and divides the polychaetes into three subclasses, Aciculata, Canalipalpata and Scolecida . ref http www ... more details
Taxobox name Spionida image Magelona johnstoni.jpg image width 240px image caption Magelona johnstoni with long feeding palps. regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata subordo Spionida subdivision ranks Family biology Families subdivision Several, see text Spionida is a Order biology suborder of marine polychaete worms in the order Canalipalpata . Spionids are cosmopolitan and live in soft substrates in the Littoral zone littoral or neritic zone s. ref name AR http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Clade clade spionida.htm Annelid Resources ref Characteristics Spionids have a single pair of flexible feeding tentacle s with grooves, arising directly from the prostomium . The mouth has no jaws and the pharynx is partly eversible. Some species have small eye spots and some a central sensory lobe. Some of the anterior segments paired gills. The Parapodium parapodia or lateral lobes have large lamellae. The chaeta e are unbranched capillaries, spines and hooks. ref name AR ref http species identification.org species.php?species group macrobenthos polychaeta&id 362&menuentry groepen Marine Species Identification Portal ref Families Aberrantidae Apistobranchidae small Mesnil and Caullery, 1898 small Chaetopteridae small Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1833 small Heterospionidae Longosomatidae small Hartman, 1944 small Magelonidae Poecilochaetidae small Hannerz, 1956 small Spionidae small Grube, 1850 small Trochochaetidae small Pettibone, 1963 small Uncispionidae small Green, 1982 small ref http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 889 World Register of Marine Species ref ref http www.itis.gov servlet SingleRpt SingleRpt?search topic TSN&search value 555673 ITIS ref References reflist Category Polychaetes ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Gascoignella aprica regnum Animalia phylum Mollusk Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Plakobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Platyhedylidae genus Gascoignella species G. aprica binomial Gascoignella aprica binomial authority Jensen, 1985 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author Tran, Bastien year 2010 title Gascoignella aprica Jensen, 1985 id 494510 accessdate 2012 01 22 db ref Gascoignella aprica is a species of sea slug , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusk . It was first described in 1985 by Kathe Jensen from Tsim Bei Tsui, Hong Kong . ref name SSF http www.seaslugforum.net find gascapri Gascoignella aprica Jensen, 1985 The Sea Slug Forum. Retrieved 2012 01 22. ref Description Gascoignella aprica grows to a length of about convert 1 cm . It has no rhinophore s, cerata or Parapodium parapodia which distinguishes it from other similar species. The dorsal surface is black, the head deep grey with the eyes surrounded by transparent yellowish areas. The sole of the foot is yellowish white and the visceral mass is greenish because of the vegetable matter it contains. The head and foot are distinctly separated from the visceral mass. ref name SSF Habitat Gascoignella aprica was found grazing on matted green algae Chaetomorpha sp. in the intertidal zone. The sea slugs were resistant to desiccation on the wet algae but soon dried up when exposed to the sun in the open. ref name SSF References reflist Category Platyhedylidae Category Animals described in 1985 ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Elysia gordanae image Elysia gordanae Thompson & Jaklin, 1988 5.jpg image caption A live individual of Elysia gordanae regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Plakobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Plakobranchidae genus Elysia gastropod Elysia species E. gordanae binomial Elysia gordanae binomial authority Thompson & Jaklin, 1988 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author Gofas, Serge year 2010 title Elysia gordanae Thompson & Jaklin, 1988 id 139680 accessdate 2012 01 22 db ref Elysia gordanae is a species of sea slug , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusc . This sea slug resembles a nudibranch , but it is not closely related to that order of gastropods. It is instead a sacoglossa n. It was first described by Thompson and Jaklin in 1988 from off the coast of Spain . It is also known from the Adriatic Sea and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea . ref name SSF http www.seaslugforum.net find elysgord Elysia gordanae Thompson & Jaklin, 1988 The Sea Slug Forum. Retrieved 2012 01 22. ref ref cite journal author Thompson, T.E. & A. Jaklin year 1988 title Eastern Mediterranean Opisthobranchia Elysiidae journal Journal of Molluscan Studies volume 54 issue pages 59 69 url accessdate ref Description Elysia gordanae grows to about convert 17 mm long. The colour is dappled yellowish green and fawn with fine red speckles, especially on the pinkish parts of the head, the Parapodium parapodia and rhinophore s. The parapodia are edged with dark green and small white thickened areas. The egg mass is distinctive, the white eggs having orange yolks lying beside their capsules. ref name SSF References reflist Category Plakobranchidae Category Animals described in 1988 ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Elysia australis image regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Plakobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Plakobranchidae genus Elysia gastropod Elysia species E. australis binomial Elysia australis binomial authority Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author Tran, Bastien year 2010 title Elysia australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 id 494430 accessdate 2012 01 23 db ref Elysia australis is a species of sea slug , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusc in the family biology family Plakobranchidae . This sea slug resembles a nudibranch , but it is not closely related to that order of gastropods, instead it is a sacoglossa n. It occurs in Australia. Description Elysia australis has a slim, slug like appearance and can grow to a length of convert 25 mm but convert 12 mm is a more normal size. In colour it is varying shades of green with splotches of white, sometimes with black spekles. The Parapodium parapodia are edged with a narrow black line and the tail tip is black. The rhinophore s are also dark and there is a distinctive black T shaped mark in front of and between them. Elysia australis is not easy to observe because its colour derives from the chloroplast s of the algae it has eaten so its hue matches its background. ref name SSF http www.seaslugforum.net find elysaust Elysia australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 The Sea Slug Forum. Retrieved 2012 01 23. ref Distribution Elysia australis is found around the coasts of Australia , grazing on small algae on intertidal rock platforms and in shallow pools. ref name SSF References reflist Category Plakobranchidae Category Animals described in 1832 ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Elysia obtusa image regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Placobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Plakobranchidae genus Elysia gastropod Elysia species E. obtusa binomial Elysia obtusa binomial authority Baba 1938 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author Tran, Bastien year 2010 title Elysia obtusa Baba, 1938 id 494464 accessdate 2012 01 24 db ref Elysia obtusa is a species of sea slug , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusc in the family biology family Plakobranchidae . This sea slug resembles a nudibranch but is not closely related to that order of gastropods, instead it is a sacoglossa n. Description Elysia obtusa grows to about convert 15 mm long. It is a translucent golden green colour, sparsely covered with white spots. The broad Parapodium parapodia are distinctively rimmed with white. They are sometimes a much darker shade of green than the rest of the body but that is believed to be when the animal has recently fed and the pigment of the chlorophyll shows through. ref name SSF http www.seaslugforum.net find elysobtu Elysia obtusa Baba 1938 The Sea Slug Forum. Retrieved 2012 01 24. ref Distribution Elysia obtusa is found in the western Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Hong Kong and Japan to eastern Australia at depths of up to convert 10 m . ref name SSF References reflist Category Plakobranchidae Category Animals described in 1938 ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Elysia trisinuata image regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Plakobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Plakobranchidae genus Elysia gastropod Elysia species E. trisinuata binomial Elysia trisinuata binomial authority Baba, 1949 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author Tran, Bastien year 2010 title Elysia trisinuata Baba, 1949 id 494478 accessdate 2012 01 27 db ref Elysia trisinuata is a species of sea slug , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusc in the family biology family Plakobranchidae . This sea slug resembles a nudibranch but is not closely related to that order of gastropods, instead belonging to another clade , Sacoglossa , the sap sucking sea slugs. Description Elysia trisinuata is pale green with minute orange spots. The colour is provided by the chloroplast s which are found in fine ducts in the body wall. The Parapodium parapodia are slightly undulating and usually have three folds. They are folded over the slug s back and scattered with conical white papillae. The rhinophores have blunt, greyish ends. ref name SSF http www.seaslugforum.net find elystris Elysia trisinuata Baba, 1949 The Sea Slug Forum. Retrieved 2012 01 27. ref Distribution Elysia trisinuata is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Japan , southern China , Hong Kong and the Hainan Hainan Islands . It occurs in shallow waters and the intertidal zone where it feeds on algae including Codium arabicum . ref name SSF References reflist Category Plakobranchidae Category Animals described in 1949 ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Elysia rufescens image Elysia rufescens.jpg image caption Original drawing used by Pease when he described the species in 1871. regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Sacoglossa br clade Plakobranchacea superfamilia Plakobranchoidea familia Plakobranchidae genus Elysia gastropod Elysia species E. rufescens binomial Elysia rufescens binomial authority William Harper Pease Pease , 1871 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author Tran, Bastien year 2010 title Elysia rufescens Pease, 1871 id 494470 accessdate 2012 01 27 db ref Elysia rufescens is a species of sea slug , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusc in the family biology family Plakobranchidae . This sea slug resembles a nudibranch but is not classified in that order of gastropods, instead belonging to a closely related clade , Sacoglossa , the sap sucking sea slugs. This species was first described by William Harper Pease Pease from Tahiti in 1871. Description Elysia rufescens is olive green with large white spots, often in a reticulated pattern, and grows to about convert 6 cm . The Parapodium parapodia are somewhat convoluted and have dark blue edges and a submarginal orange line. The rhinophore s are rolled and have blunt, greyish ends. ref name SSF http www.seaslugforum.net showall elysrufe Elysia rufescens Pease, 1871 The Sea Slug Forum. Retrieved 2012 01 27. ref ref name SS http slugsite.us bow2007 nudwk717.htm Elysia rufescens The Slug Site. Retrieved 2012 01 27. ref Distribution Elysia rufescens is found in the Pacific Ocean. Its range includes the coastlines of South Africa , R union , Thailand , Myanmar , the Philippines , Japan , Guam , Samoa , Tahiti, Hawaii and Australia . ref name SS Biology Elysia rufescens feeds on green filamentous algae such as Bryopsis Bryopsis pennata , which it rasps with each of a series of rachidian teeth. ref name SS References reflist Category Plako ... more details
Taxobox name Myzostomida image Myzostoma fuscomaculatum at Percys Hole detail.jpg image caption Myzostoma fuscomaculatum on its host the crinoid Tropiometra carinata regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa unranked superdivisio Bilateria unranked superphylum Protostomia superphylum Lophotrochozoa unranked classis Myzostomida Myzostomida are a remarkable taxonomy taxonomic group of small marine ocean marine worm s, which are Parasitism parasitic on crinoid s or sea lilies , a kind of echinoderm . These unusual parasitic Lophotrochozoa were first discovered by Friedrich Sigismund Leuckart in 1827. A typical myzostomid has a flattened rounded shape, with a thin edge drawn out into delicate radiating hairs called Cilium cirri . The dorsal surface is smooth, with five pairs of Parapodium parapodia on the bottom surface. These parapodia are armed with supporting and hooked seta e, by means of which the worm adheres to its host. Beyond the parapodia are four pairs of organs, often called suckers. These organs are probably of sensory nature, and are comparable to the lateral sense organs of Capitellids . The mouth and cloaca l opening are generally at opposite ends of the bottom surface. The former leads to a protrusible pharynx , from which the esophagus opens into a wide intestinal chamber with branching lateral Diverticulum diverticula . There appears to be no vascular system. The nervous system consists of a circumoesophageal nerve, with scarcely differentiated brain, joining below a large ganglionic mass, no doubt representing many fused Ganglion ganglia . The dorsoventral and the parapodial muscles are much developed, while the coelom is reduced mostly to branched spaces in which the genital products ripen. Full grown myzostomids are hermaphrodite s. Their internal organs consist of a branched sac opening to the exterior or each side. The paired ovaries discharge their eggs into a median chamber with side branches, often called the uterus , from which the ripe ova eggs a ... more details
Taxobox name Sabellidae worm image Feather duster worm.jpg image width 250px image caption Sabellidae worm, probably Sabellastarte sp. regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata subordo Sabellida familia Sabellidae familia authority Malmgren, 1867 subdivision Fabriciinae Myxicolinae Sabellinae Unassigned sabellids Unassigned subdivision ranks Subfamiliae Sabellidae feather duster worms are sedentary marine polychaete tube worm body plan tube worm s where the head is mostly concealed by feathery branchiae. They build tubes out of parchment, sand, and bits of shell. They tend to be common in the intertidal zones around the world. Characteristics Image Sabellidae feather duster worm .jpg thumb 250px left Feather duster worms have a crown of feeding appendages or radiole s in two fan shaped clusters projecting from their tubes when under water. Each radiole has paired side branches making a two edged comb for filter feeding. Most species have a narrow collar below the head. The body segments are smooth and lack Parapodium parapodia . The usually eight thoracic segments bear capilliaries dorsally and hooked chaeta e bristles ventrally. The abdominal segments are similar but with the position of the capilliaries and chaetae reversed. The posterior few abdominal segments may form a spoon shaped hollow on the ventral side. Size varies between tiny and over ten centimetres long. Some small species can bend over and extend their tentacles to the sea floor to collect Detrivore detritus . ref http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Family F Sabellidae.htm NIWA Guide to Polychaeta ref Genera Image Sabellidae feather duster worm yellow.jpg thumb 250px right Sabellidae with branchiae feathers extended The following genera belong to the family ref http www.marinespecies.org MarineSpecies.org Bot generated title ref div col colwidth 18em Amphicorina Amphiglena Anamobaea Aracia Bispira Branchiomma Chone genus Chone Clavir ... more details
Taxobox image Nereis succinea epitoke ColourBalance.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Aciculata ordo Phyllodocida subordo Nereidiformia familia Nereididae subfamilia Nereinae genus Alitta species Alitta succinea species authority Frey & Leuckart, 1847 ref name worms synonyms ref ref name worms synonyms See text. Alitta succinea also known as the common clam worm Citation needed date August 2010 is a species of marine annelid in the family Nereididae commonly known as ragworms or sandworms . It has been recorded throughout the North West Atlantic, as well as in the Gulf of Maine and South Africa . ref name worms Fauchald, K. Glasby, C. 2009 . http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 234850 Alitta succinea Frey & Leuckart, 1847 . Fauchald, K. ed 2009 . World Polychaeta database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species on 2 August 2010 ref Description The common clam worm can reach up to 15 centimeters 6 inches in length, but most specimens are smaller than this. It is brown coloured at the rear, and reddish brown on the rest of its body. It has an identifiable head with four eyes, two sensory feelers or Pedipalp palp s, and many tentacles . The head consists of two segments the anterior and posterior prostomium . The last body segment is known as the pygidium . Life cycle It is a freeswimming polychaete, scavenging on the bottom of shallow marine waters. It feeds on other worms and algae. To feed, it uses a proboscis , which has two hooks at the end, to grasp prey and draw it into its mouth. Clamworms are an important food source for bottom feeding fish and crustacean s, though they can protect themselves by secreting a mucus if the substance is essentially mucus, the spelling should be mucous , the adjective form substance that hardens to form a sheath around them. Citation needed date August 2010 During lunar phase s in the spring and early summer, the clam worm undergoes epitoky epigamy . Their Parapod ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Spirorbis borealis regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Canalipalpata subordo Sabellida familia Serpulidae genus Spirorbis species S. borealis binomial Spirorbis borealis binomial authority Fran ois Marie Daudin Daudi , 1800 ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 155235 World Register of Marine Species ref Spirorbis borealis is a sedentary marine Polychaeta polychaete worm in the Serpulidae family. It is commonly called the sinistral spiral tubeworm and is the type species of the genus Spirorbis . ref Daudin F. M. 1800 . Recueil de m moires et de notes sur l esp ces indites ou peu connues de mollusques, de vers et de zoophytes. Paris pp. 50 4 pl ref Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each Segmentation biology segment may bear setae bristles and Parapodium parapodia paddle like appendages . Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as errant . Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment like, and these are known as sedentary . Description S. borealis secretes a very small, unridged, off white, calcareous tube. This is about five millimetres in diameter and forms a flat, clockwise spiral coil as seen from above. The worm retreats into its tube when above water but under water can be seen to have green tentacles. ref name CPG John Barrett and C M Young, Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore 1958 p.76 ref Distribution and habitat S. borealis is found on either side of the north Atlantic Ocean. This includes the coasts of Great Britain , Ireland , Spain and Portugal , Prince Edward Island , Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland , the Gulf of St Lawrence and the St Lawrence estuary. ref name WoRMS It is typically found growing on Fucus , Laminaria and other seaweeds as well as on rocks and stones. It is widely distributed and abundant on the middle and lower shore, ref name CPG dow ... more details
Taxobox name Phyllodocida image Tomopteriskils.jpg image caption The planktonic polychaete Tomopteris regnum Animal ia phylum Annelid Annelida classis Polychaete Polychaeta subclassis Aciculata ordo Phyllodocida subdivision ranks Family biology Families subdivision center See text center Phyllodocida is an Order biology order of polychaete worms in the Class biology subclass Aciculata . ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 892 World Register of Marine Species ref These worms are mostly marine though some are found in brackish water. Most are active benthic creatures, moving over the surface or burrowing in sediments, or living in cracks and crevices in bedrock. A few construct tubes in which they live and some are pelagic , swimming through the water column . There are estimated to be about 3,500 species in the order. ref name Tolweb http tolweb.org Phyllodocida Tree of Life Web Project ref Characteristics Phyllodocida are Segmentation biology segmented worms and range in size from a few millimetres long to over a metre. Each segment bears a pair of paddle like Parapodium parapodia . The prostomium generally has one or two pairs of eyes, a dorsal pair of Antenna biology antennae , a ventral pair of sensory Pedipalp palps and a pair of organs on the neck. The peristomium is a ring, often hidden dorsally by the prostomium and the first segment. There is a muscular proboscis with one or more pairs of jaws. The next few segments tend to differ from those further back in having enlarged dorsal and ventral cirri fine appendages and reduced parapodial lobes and chaeta e bristles . Some species have appendages with specialised functions but most have many segments that are similar to each other but which vary in size and shape along the length of the body without abrupt changes in the chaetae and parapodia from one to the next. ref name Tolweb Biology Worms in this order are generally Predation predators or scavenger s. ref http www.eol.org pa ... more details
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