Parenspatriae is Latin for parent of the nation. In law , it refers to the public policy law public policy power of the state polity state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent, legal guardian or informal caretaker, and to act as the parent of any child or individual who is in need of protection. For example, some children, incapacitated individuals, and disabled individuals lack parents who are able and willing to render adequate care, requiring state intervention. In U.S. litigation, parenspatriae can be invoked by the state to create its Standing law standing to sue the state declares itself to be suing on behalf of its people. For example, the Hart Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act Hart Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976 http www.law.cornell.edu uscode html uscode15 usc sec 15 00000015 c000 .html 15 USC 15 c , through Section 4C of the Clayton Act , permits state attorneys general to bring parenspatriae suits on behalf of those injured by violations of the Sherman Act Sherman Antitrust Act . Discussion Parenspatriae relates to a notion initially invoked by the King s Bench in the sixteenth century in cases of non compos mentis adults Lat not having ... firefox a&pg PA21 v onepage&q &f false ref The parenspatriae doctrine was gradually applied to children ... to be in the best interests and welfare of the children. Courts are not obliged to invoke the parenspatriae doctrine in cases involving children and not all courts, particularly newer courts such as the Australian Family Court est 1975 , have specific parenspatriae jurisdiction. In the United States, invocation of the ParensPatriae Doctrine is constrained by the constitutional Parental Liberty Doctrine. ref http www.quaqua.org parenspatriae.htm ParensPatriae Quaqua Society Bot generated ... displace the supervisory power of the court in the exercise of its parenspatriae function to the child ... of Michigan Press , 2010. ISBN 978 0 472 11714 7 References reflist 1 DEFAULTSORT ParensPatriae ... more details
Press New Haven, CT, 1987, p. 57. ref Chronological list of Patres Patriae Romulus , 753 BC as the legendary ... of ancient Rome bg Pater Patriae cs Otec vlasti de Pater patriae es Padre de la Patria fr Pater patriae it Pater Patriae ml nl Vader des vaderlands ja no Landsfader nn Landsfader pl Pater patriae pt Pai da P tria ru sh Pater Patriae fi Pater patriae sv Landsfader ... more details
Taxobox image image width 240px image caption regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Cortinariaceae genus Gymnopilus species G. patriae binomial Gymnopilus patriae binomial authority B.J. Rees synonyms mycomorphbox name Gymnopilus patriae whichGills adnexed whichGills2 adnate capShape convex hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor howEdible Gymnopilus patriae is a species of mushroom in the Cortinariaceae family. See also Portal Fungi List of Gymnopilus species List of Gymnopilus species External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names NamesRecord.asp?RecordID 459678 Gymnopilus patriae at Index Fungorum DEFAULTSORT Gymnopilus patriae Category Gymnopilus patriae Category Fungi of North America cortinariaceae stub vi Gymnopilus patriae ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . taxobox status VU status system IUCN2.3 regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Arecales familia Arecaceae genus Areca species A. parens binomial Areca parens binomial authority Odoardo Beccari Becc. Areca parens is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family. It is found only in the Philippines . It is threatened by habitat loss and listed on the IUCN Red List as Vulnerable species Vulnerable . References Madulid, D. 1998. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 39028 all Areca parens . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 20 July 2007. Category Areca Category Flora of the Philippines Category Vulnerable plants Areceae stub az Areca parens vi Areca parens ... more details
Taxobox image regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Micronoctuidae subfamilia Tentaxinae genus Parens genus authority Fibiger, 2011 Parens is a genus of moth s of the Micronoctuidae family. Species Parens occi small Fibiger & Kononenko, 2008 small Parens paraocci small Fibiger, 2011 small Parens melli small Fibiger, 2011 small Parens chekiangi small Fibiger, 2011 small References aut Fibiger, M. 2011 Revision of the Micronoctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuoidea . Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae. ISSN 1175 5326 Zootaxa , 2842 1 188. http mapress.com zootaxa 2011 f z02842p188f.pdf Preview Category Micronoctuidae Micronoctuidae stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 Conflict of laws The term lex patriae is Latin for the law of nationality in the conflict of laws which is the system of public law applied to any lawsuit where there is a choice to be made between several possibly relevant laws and a different result will be achieved depending on which law is selected. Explanation When a case comes before a court and all the main features of the case are local, the court will apply the lex fori , the prevailing municipal law , to decide the case. But if there are foreign elements to the case, the forum court may be obliged under the conflict of laws system to consider whether the forum court has jurisdiction to hear the case see the problem of forum shopping it must then characterisation conflict characterise the issues, i.e. allocate the factual basis of the case to its relevant legal classes and then apply the choice of law rules to decide the lex causae , i.e. which law is to be applied to each class. The lex patriae is a civil law legal system civil law choice of law rule in some Jurisdiction area states , the law of habitual residence is used to test the status law status and capacity law capacity of the party law parties to the case. For example, suppose a person with a nationality in Denmark decides to take a round the world trip. It would be inconvenient if this person s legal status and capacities changed every time they entered a new state, that they might be considered an minor law infant or an adult, marriage conflict married or free to marry, bankrupt or creditworthy, etc., depending on the laws ... under the relevant lex fori , the lex patriae should apply to define all major issues, and so produce ... patriae choice of law rule may select the law of a country that contains more than one legal system ... commissi Lex loci solutionis Category Conflict of laws Category Latin legal terms ca Lex patriae es Lex patriae pl Prawo ojczyste ... more details
Parens scientiarum Latin The Mother of Sciences is the incipit designating a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory IX on April 13, 1231. The bull assured the independence and self governance of the University of Paris , where the pope had studied theology ref BBKL g gregor ix band 2 autor Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz artikel Gregor IX., Papst spalten 317 320 ref . Notes reflist Category 13th century papal bulls Category Documents of Pope Gregory IX RC document stub de Parens scientiarum es Parens scientiarum fr Parens scientiarum ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Parens paraocci image regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Micronoctuidae subfamilia Tentaxinae genus Parens moth Parens species P. paraocci binomial Parens paraocci binomial authority Fibiger, 2011 synonyms Parens paraocci is a moth of the Micronoctuidae family. It is found in Taiwan . The wingspan is 9 13 mm. The forewings are beige with few dark subterminal and terminal areas, including the fringes. There are six black costal dots. The crosslines are white and mostly invisible, except the terminal line which is marked by black intervenal dots. The fringes are black. The hindwings are grey throughout with an indistinct discal spot. The underside of the forewing is unicolourous brown, with three light yellow subapical spots on the costa. The underside of the hindwing is light grey with a discal spot. References aut Fibiger, M. 2011 Revision of the Micronoctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuoidea . Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae. ISSN 1175 5326 Zootaxa , 2842 1 188. http mapress.com zootaxa 2011 f z02842p188f.pdf Preview Category Micronoctuidae Micronoctuidae stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Parens melli image regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Micronoctuidae subfamilia Tentaxinae genus Parens moth Parens species P. melli binomial Parens melli binomial authority Fibiger, 2011 synonyms Parens melli is a moth of the Micronoctuidae family. It is found in China it was described from Fusan . The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are beige with a dark terminal area and fringes. There are six black costal dots. The crosslines are light brown and indistinct, except the terminal line, which is marked with black intervenal dots. The fringes are black. The hindwings are grey throughout with an indistinct discal spot. The underside of the forewing is unicolourous brown with three light yellow subapical spots on the costa. The underside of the hindwings is light grey with and indistinct discal spot. References aut Fibiger, M. 2011 Revision of the Micronoctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuoidea . Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae. ISSN 1175 5326 Zootaxa , 2842 1 188. http mapress.com zootaxa 2011 f z02842p188f.pdf Preview Category Micronoctuidae Micronoctuidae stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Parens chekiangi image regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Micronoctuidae subfamilia Tentaxinae genus Parens moth Parens species P. chekiangi binomial Parens chekiangi binomial authority Fibiger, 2011 synonyms Parens chekiangi is a moth of the Micronoctuidae family. It is found in China it was described from Zhejiang . The wingspan is about 9.5 mm. The forewings are yellowish brown with a brown terminal area and fringes. There are six black costal dots. The crosslines are brown and rather indistinct, except the terminal line which is marked with black intervenal dots. The fringes are grey brown. The hindwings are grey throughout with an indistinct discal spot. The underside of the forewings is unicolourous brown, with three light yellow subapical spots on the costa. The underside of the hindwings is light grey with a discal spot. References aut Fibiger, M. 2011 Revision of the Micronoctuidae Lepidoptera Noctuoidea . Part 4, Taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae. ISSN 1175 5326 Zootaxa , 2842 1 188. http mapress.com zootaxa 2011 f z02842p188f.pdf Preview Category Micronoctuidae Micronoctuidae stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Micronoctua occi image image width 240px regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Micronoctuidae genus Parens moth Parens species P. occi binomial Parens occi binomial authority Fibiger & Kononenko, 2008 synonyms Micronoctua occi small Fibiger & Kononenko, 2008 small Parens occi is a moth of the Micronoctuidae family. It is known from the southern part of the Russian Far East to north eastern, central and eastern China , North Korea and South Korea and Jeju Island . In Japan it known from the Tsushima Islands in the Korean Strait and Honshu . Adults are on wing from mid July to mid August. The wingspan is 9 12 mm. The resting position is flat, with the forewing hind margins against each other. The hindwing venation is bifid. The head, patagia, prothorax and costal part of the basal area are blackish, while the rest of the thorax and ground colour of the forewing is unicolorous yellowish, except for the dark grey terminal area and the fringes. The costa has black streaks. All cross lines of the forewing are present, but indistinct and white. The hindwing is unicolorous grey, with a blackish discal spot. The forewing underside is unicolorous brown, while the hindwing underside is beige brown, with a discal spot. References aut Fibiger, M. aut Kononenko, V.S. 2008 Revision of the Micronoctuidae species occurring in the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries with description of a new species Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea . http www.mapress.com zootaxa index.html Zootaxa , 1890 50 58. http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2008 f z01890p058f.pdf Abstract & excerpt aut Fibiger, M. 2011 Five new species and one new subspecies of Micronoctuidae from China, with a checklist of Chinese species, including Taiwan Lepidoptera Noctuoidea, Micronoctuidae . http www.mapress.com zootaxa index.html Zootaxa , 2777 1 13. http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2011 f z02777p053f.pdf Preview aut Fibiger, M. 2011 Revision of the Micronoctuida ... more details
Image 2010 01 24 17 37 Navy insignia on south wall of old warehouse on Cantonment Hill, Fremantle.jpg thumb 300px Non sibi sed patriae in concrete relief on a warehouse in Fremantle, Western Australia. Non sibi sed patriae is a Latin phrase meaning Not for self, but for country . The phrase is inscribed over the chapel doors at the United States Naval Academy . References reflist Krulak, C. C. 1998, 16 May 1998 . http www.s2company.com files readings krulak.htm Non Sibi Sed Patriae General Charles C. Krulak, USMC. Commandant of the Marine Corps, Commencement Remarks for the Uniformed Services University at the DAR Constitution Hall. General Charles C. Krulak, USMC Commandant of the Marine Corps. USNA. 2009 . United States Naval Academy Official U.S. Navy Web Site. http www.usna.edu VirtualTour 150years 1950.htm Brief History United States Naval Academy, 2009 Category Latin words and phrases ... more details
Father of the Country could mean Pater Patriae or Father of the Nation, a Roman honorific Father of the Nation List of national founders disambig ... more details
Taxobox name Shade Bush Warbler status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Cettiidae genus Cettia species C. parens binomial Cettia parens binomial authority Mayr, 1935 synonyms Horornis parens The Shade Bush Warbler Cettia parens is a species of Old World warbler in the Cettiidae family. It is found only in Solomon Islands , where it is endemism endemic to the island of Makira formerly San Cristobal Island . Its natural habitat s are tropical moist lowland forest s and tropical moist montane forest above 600m. It feeds on insects in the undergrowth and on the ground. References BirdLife International 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 4295 all Cettia parens . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 10 July 2007. OldWorldwarbler stub eo Makira etio ... more details
The Children s Court of New South Wales is a court which deals with criminal offences committed by children over 10 and under 18 as well as with proceedings relating to the care and protection of children. The court commenced on 18 January 1988. Colonial times The treatment of juvenile offenders in the colony of New South Wales reflected the system of criminal law inherited from England . There was nothing unusual in that as the law of Australia at that time was heavily influenced by the social norms of English society. As a result, children criminals were treated no differently than adult criminals. They were liable to the same harsh penalties. The Judicial Commission cites an example of one English judge who, after condemning a 10 year old boy to death, described the boy as a proper subject for capital punishment . The commission also noted that on one day in 1815, five children aged between eight and 12 years were hanged for petty larceny in England. History The first children s court was established under the Neglected Children and Juvenile Offenders Act 1905 . The Judicial Commission of New South Wales states the first court was set up in the spirit of parens patriae , a jurisdiction that was exercised by the superior courts of the United Kingdom and as a consequence, of the Supreme Court of New South Wales . The court was set up in light of the widespread poverty and child neglect at that time. The courts had to assume the role of parent, protector and ultimate punisher. Current court The present children s court is constituted under the Children s Court Act 1987. It is an inferior court and is effectively a court of record . The court was established on 18 January 1988. Composition The court is composed of magistrates of the Local Court of New South Wales who are appointed by the Chief Magistrate of the Local Court of New South Wales . A magistrate so appointed is called a Children s Magistrate. The chief magistrate may with concurrence of the New South Wales ... more details
Infobox SCOTUS case Litigants Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of Cal. ArgueDate October 21 ArgueYear 1971 DecideDate March 1 DecideYear 1972 FullName Hawaii v. Standard Oil Company of California , et al. USVol 405 USPage 251 Citation 92 S.Ct. 885 31 L.Ed.2d 184 Prior Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Subsequent Holding Section 4 of the Clayton Act does not authorize a State to sue for damages for an injury to its general economy allegedly attributable to a violation of the antitrust laws. SCOTUS 1972 1975 Majority Marshall JoinMajority Burger, Stewart, White, Blackmun Dissent Douglas Dissent2 Brennan NotParticipating Powell, Rehnquist LawsApplied Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of Cal. , Case citation 405 U.S. 251 1972 , was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that Section 4 of the Clayton Antitrust Act does not authorize a U.S. state to sue for damages for an injury to its general economy allegedly attributable to a violation of the United States antitrust law . See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 405 Further reading cite journal last Blechman first Michael D. authorlink coauthors year 1972 month title Class Actions A Reappraisal in Light of Hawaii v. Standard Oil journal Journal of Air Law and Commerce volume 38 issue pages 389 issn 00218642 url accessdate quote cite journal last Fuller first D. M. authorlink coauthors Condo, J. A. year 1972 month title Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. Aloha to Parens Patriae? journal Catholic University Law Review volume 22 issue pages 156 issn 00088390 url accessdate quote External links caselaw source case Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of California , 405 U.S. 251 1972 findlaw http laws.findlaw.com us 405 251.html justia http supreme.justia.com us 405 251 case.html Category United States Supreme Court cases Category United States antitrust case law Category Legal history of Hawaii Category 1972 in United States case law Category Chevron Corporation SCOTUS case stub ... more details
one source date October 2011 Family law Alternating custody , also known as serial custody or shared custody , is an arrangement in which children live for long periods of time with one parent, and then spend a similar amount of time with the other parent. ref name Child Custody Made Simple cite book author Webster Watnik title Child Custody Made Simple Understanding the Laws of Child Custody and Child Support url http books.google.com books?id DrFXX8H1NT8C&pg PA17 accessdate 25 September 2011 date April 2003 publisher Single Parent Press isbn 978 0 9649404 3 7 pages 16 38 ref The primary difference between alternating custody and joint custody is that in alternating custody , the parent that currently has the child also retains sole authority over the child children for the duration that the child children are with said parent. ref name Child Custody Made Simple The general reason for using this arrangement rather than a more commonly used arrangement is that the parents tend to live too far away from each other to allow for other arrangements to be feasible. ref name Child Custody Made Simple Other forms of custody Sole custody is an arrangement whereby only one parent has physical and legal custody of a child. Joint custody is an arrangement whereby both parents have legal custody and or both parents have physical custody. Split custody is an arrangement whereby one parent has full time custody over some children, and the other parent has full custody over the other children. Third party custody is an arrangement in whereby the children do not remain with either biological parent, and are placed under the custody of a third person. Bird s nest custody is an arrangement whereby the parents go back and forth from a residence in which the child children reside, placing the burden of upheaval and movement on the parents rather than the child children. See also Divorce Family law Family court Legal custody Parens patriae Parenting plan Physical custody Shared parentin ... more details
evidence to warrant the sterilization of Eve, and that the parenspatriae powers of the court allowed ... stated that the parents patriae powers of the court were to be used for the benefit of the incompetent ... more details
to be filed. ref name Adjusted Parenspatriae actions Title III of the Act allows U.S. states states ... laws in parenspatriae , on behalf of their citizens previously, only the persons harmed by anticompetitive ... more details
by a lower court therefore, they are not legally binding. However, the parenspatriae jurisdiction ... decisions in the parenspatriae jurisdiction regardless of Gillick competence. In South Australia ... more details
settlements Men s movement Men s rights Mothers rights Non custodial parent Noncustodial parent Parenspatriae Parenting coordinator Parenting plan Parental alienation Parental alienation syndrome ... more details
of public policy law public policy , the courts have always operated under the doctrine of parenspatriae to make the best interests of any children their first and paramount concern. From time to time ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
