Competition law In United States patent law , patentmisuse is an affirmative defense used in patent infringement patent litigation when a defendant has been accused to have patent infringement infringed a patent . It has also been used to Extenuating circumstances mitigate damages following a finding ... of the scope or term of the patent inequitable conduct in the procurement or enforcement of a patent sometimes termed non purgeable misuse . In the United States, a patent is a statutory right ... . This is unsupported. Historically, courts were willing to entertain a patentmisuse defense for patent ... February 2007 Recent decisions have held Under current U.S. patent law it is not patentmisuse simply to enforce rights to a patent, in good faith, and enforcement is permissible irrespective of any use ... unclean hands principle of the patentmisuse doctrine in Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal ... rule that similar misuse of a patent is a defense to an infringement suit comes from Morton Salt Co ... misuse Evergreening Inequitable conduct Patent ambush Patent troll Submarine patent Category United ... 176 1980 . Sham or bad faith patent enforcement i.e., without belief that the claim is meritorious ... salt . ref Most types of misuse can be purged by abandoning the practice and causing its effects ... Chem. Co. v. Ellis, 315 U.S. 495 1942 . ref Fraud or inequitable conduct in patent procurement, however, is not purgeable. Statutory limitation The scope of the patentmisuse doctrine is today limited by UnitedStatesCode 35 271 d cquote No patent owner otherwise entitled to relief for infringement or contributory infringement of a patent shall be denied relief or deemed guilty of misuse or illegal extension of the patent right by reason of his having done one or more of the following 1 derived ... of the patent 2 licensed or authorized another to perform acts which if performed without his consent would constitute contributory infringement of the patent 3 sought to enforce his patent ... more details
from the patentmisuse doctrine. One of the earliest copyright misuse precedents is a case in the U.S. ...Competition law Copyright misuse is an Equity law equitable affirmative defense defense against copyright copyright infringement infringement in the United States . Under this defense, a copyright infringer may avoid infringement liability if the copyright holder has engaged in abusive or improper conduct in exploiting or enforcing the copyright. Copyright misuse is comparable to, and draws from precedents under, the older doctrine of patentmisuse , which dates back to the early years of the 20th century and derives from the more general equity doctrine of unclean hands. ref See Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Mfg. Co., 243 U.S. 502 1917 . ref The doctrine forbids the copyright owner from attempting to extend the effect or operation of copyright beyond the scope of the statutory right for example, by engaging in restrictive license licensing practices that are contrary to public policy, particularly the public policy of copyright law . ref See, e.g., Lasercomb v. Reynolds ... owner that has engaged in misuse to enforce its copyright whether by securing an injunction against infringers or collecting damages for infringement, until the misuse has been purged that is, the improper ... B.B. Chem. Co. v. Ellis, 315 U.S. 495 1942 . ref Copyright misuse is not a statutory defense set forth ... Circuit subsequently endorsed the copyright misuse doctrine in Lasercomb Am., Inc. v. Reynolds ... misuse derives ultimately from the longstanding equitable doctrine of unclean hands , which ... of copyright misuse includes but is not limited to antitrust anti competitive activity . Restraints that hinder the promotion of the progress of human knowledge may be held copyright misuse, as in the Lasercomb .... See also Copyfraud Kai Puolam ki , activist against copyright misuse in Finland References Reflist Category Copyright law Misuse, Copyright Category Equitable defenses Category Anti competitive behaviour ... more details
refimprove date December 2011 Misuse detection actively works against potential insider threat computer threats to vulnerability computing vulnerable company data . MisuseMisuse detection is an approach in detecting attack computing attacks . In misuse detection approach, we define abnormal system behaviour at first, and then define any other behaviour, as normal behaviour. It stands against anomaly detection approach which utilizes the reverse approach, defining normal system behaviour and defining any other behaviour as abnormal. In other words anything we don t know is normal. Using attack signatures in Intrusion Detection System IDSes is an example of this approach. Misuse detection has also been used to refer to all kinds of computer misuse. ref Helman, Paul, Liepins, Gunar, and Richards, Wynette, Foundations of Intrusion Detection, The IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop V, 1992 ref See Intrusion detection . Theory In theory, It assumes that abnormal behaviour and activity has a simple to define model. Its advantage is simplicity of adding known attacks to the model. Its disadvantage is its inability to recognize unknown attacks. References reflist Further reading For more information on Misuse Detection, including papers written on the subject, consider the following http ir.iit.edu publications downloads p73 cathey.pdf Misuse Detection Concepts and Algorithms article by the IR Lab at IIT. Category Data security ... more details
File Misuse restaurant model.svg thumb 320px Example of the Misuse case principle, which could be used in thinking about capturing security requirements. Misuse Case is a business process modeling tool used in the software development business. The term Misuse case or mis use case has derived from use ... nik 2001 21 sindre.pdf Capturing Security Requirements through Misuse Cases ref The concept was created ... tdt4237 papers Paper3 SecReq MisuseCases.pdf Eliciting security requirements with misuse cases ref ... the software or product is used. In contrast, a Misuse Case describes or at least names something ... Using misuse cases as a modeling tool lets you treat non functional requirements e.g., typical ... true regarding Trade off analysis. ref http easyweb.easynet.co.uk iany consultancy misuse cases misuse cases in tradeoffs.htm Initial Industrial Experience of Misuse Cases in Trade Off Analysis 2002, by Ian Alexander ref Creating misuse cases will often trigger a chain reaction which makes it easier to identify both functional and non functional requirements. The discovery of a misuse case will often ... a new misuse case . ref name easyweb.easynet.co.uk http easyweb.easynet.co.uk iany consultancy misuse cases misuse cases.htm Misuse cases help to elicit non functional requirements 2003, by Ian ... One other weakness is its lack of structure and semantics. From use to misuse case In an industry ... must implement to accomplish them. ref name SA09 Gunnar Peterson, John Steven Defining Misuse within ... case is born in Norway . The contrast between the misuse case and the use case is the goal the misuse ... . ref name SA10 Ian Alexander Misuse case use cases with hostile intent , presentation ref Another description of the difference is by ref name SA11 Guttorm Sindre, Andreas L. Opdahl, Templates for Misuse ... value to the user, one could define a misuse case as a completed sequence of actions which results ... Modeling Language SysML , and this use of drawing the agents and misuse cases of the scenario ... more details
, partly as a tribute to Christos . Misuse have pointed out that he is always considered as an active member of the band. In 2007 Christos Alexopoulos of Puzzlemusik Records approaches Misuse and urges ... picked Misuse for opening up their shows in Greece , Silver Mount Zion , Crippled Black Phoenix , Piano ... player. Mid 2011 finds Misuse in the studio producing the album April ref name PostwaveGAC2 ref ... gets released in November 16th 2011 by Puzzlemusik Records and Spinalonga Records. Misuse have often ... 2005 Titos Moschakis guitar 2005 2010 Discography Studio albums misuse 2008 April 2011 Compilations ... category Misuse http misuseband.com Misuse s official website http www.spinalonga.net Spinalonga ... by Misuse at position 11 ref ref name Lifo1 Hulot, M. 2008 Cinematic rock http www.lifo.gr ... MadTV Mad Day Live show, MAD TV Greece , 25 October 2008 ref Misuse Category Misuse Category Live ... more details
No footnotes date July 2009 Globalize date October 2011 Under United States laws, pesticide misuse is the use of a pesticide in a way that violates laws regulating their use or endangers humans or the environment many of these regulations are laid out in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA . The most common example of pesticide misuse is application inconsistent with the labeling, which could be use of a material in any way not described on the label, changing dosage rates, or violating a specific safety instruction. Other kinds of pesticide misuse could include selling or using an unregistered pesticide, or one whose registration has been revoked, the sale or use of an adulterated or misbranded pesticide. It would also be a violation to alter or remove pesticide labels, to sell restricted pesticides to an uncertified applicator, or to fail to keep sales and use records of restricted pesticides. Health effects Main Health effects of pesticides One of the worst cases of pesticide misuse in recent history involved the application of a pesticide intended for outdoor agricultural use methyl parathion to homes in Mississippi for cockroaches and other home pests. Two exterminators were charged with multiple criminal charges after their ongoing use of several years was exposed. A number of residents, including two infants, suffered symptoms of pesticide poisoning . A number of homes and business, including several day care centers and schools were rendered uninhabitable or unusable. Heavy fines and prison terms followed for the perpetrators Citation needed date August 2008 . Pesticide misuse that endanger human health or even cause death get the most attention ... workers. In other animals Pesticide misuse can also endanger wildlife and other environmental ... for pesticide misuse, because he ignored the above directions, and sprayed a blooming cucumber field ... pesticides DEFAULTSORT Pesticide Misuse Category Pesticides Category Environmental ... more details
Benzos Infobox disease Name Benzodiazepine drug misuse Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 F13.1 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 290585 MeshID Benzodiazepine drug misuse , sometimes ... v66s0906.pdf format pdf ref The level of benzodiazepine misuse is as high as other common drugs of misuse. When used recreationally benzodiazepines are usually administered orally but sometimes ... Chris Ford the clinical director of Substance Misuse Management in General Practice, among drugs ... in isolation as the primary drug of misuse. They can be misused to achieve the high that benzodiazepines ... pmid 9088780 doi 10.1016 S0376 8716 96 01324 5 ref Rates of misuse Little attention has focused .... coauthors Wolff, K. Hay, A. W. Raistrick, D. year 1997 month January title Benzodiazepine misuse by drug ... of problematic benzodiazepine drug misuse is escalation of dose. Most licit prescribed users ... of visits to the emergency department. Males and females misuse benzodiazepines equally. Of drugs ... for drug misuse Benzodiazepines reduce the tolerance to reward delay in rats. ref cite journal author ... Psychopharmacology Berl . doi 10.1007 BF00431700 ref Humans are motivated to misuse benzodiazepines ... for misuse See also List of benzodiazepines Individuals with a substance abuse history are at an increased ... of benzodiazepines than those who use benzodiazepines on a daily basis. ref name baashton Misuse ... withdrawal management as their use is often restricted to binges or occasional misuse. Benzodiazepine ... documents clinical guidelines 2007.pdf title Drug misuse and dependence UK guidelines on clinical management author National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse authorlink National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse date month year 2007 publisher Department of Health location United Kingdom page ... misuse with one author stating this occurs in over a quarter of those who have achieved ... Ireland Drug Misuse Database 1 April 2007 31 March 2008 url http www.dhsspsni.gov.uk dmd bulletin 2007 ... more details
Globalize date January 2011 A misuse of statistics occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator. When the statistical reason involved is false or misapplied, this constitutes a statistical fallacy . The false statistics trap can be quite damaging to the quest for knowledge. For example, in medical science, correcting a falsehood may take decades and cost lives. Misuses can be easy to fall into. Professional scientists, even mathematicians and professional statisticians, can be fooled by even some simple methods, even if they are careful to check everything. Scientists have been known to fool themselves with statistics due to lack of knowledge of probability theory and lack of standardization of their tests. Types of misuse Discarding unfavorable data All a company has to do to promote a neutral useless product is to find or conduct, for example, 40 studies with a confidence level of 95 . If the product is really useless, this would on average produce one study showing the product was beneficial, one study showing it was harmful and thirty eight inconclusive studies 38 is 95 of 40 . This tactic becomes more effective the more studies there are available. Organizations that do not publish every study they carry out, such as tobacco companies denying a link between smoking and cancer, anti smoking advocacy groups and media outlets trying to prove a link between smoking and various ailments, or miracle pill vendors, are likely to use this tactic. Another common technique is to perform a study that tests a large number of dependent response variables at the same time. For example, a study testing the effect of a medical treatment might use as dependent variables ... with data not used in the original dredging. The misuse comes in when that hypothesis is stated as fact ... Misuse Of Statistics Category Misuse of statistics Category Laymen and statistics Category Ethics ... more details
tone date October 2011 generalize date January 2012 Antibiotic misuse , sometimes called antibiotic abuse or antibiotic overuse , refers to the misuse or overuse of antibiotic s, with potentially serious effects on health. It is a contributing factor to the creation of Antibiotic resistance multidrug resistant bacteria , informally called super bugs relatively harmless bacteria can develop resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause life threatening infections. ref name pmid9643260 cite journal author Harrison JW, Svec TA title The beginning of the end of the antibiotic era? Part II. Proposed solutions to antibiotic abuse journal Quintessence International volume 29 issue 4 pages 223 9 year 1998 month April pmid 9643260 ref Epidemiology A 2003 study concerning the proper use of antibiotics in the emergency room revealed that 99 of instances contained some sort of error. Out of the 100 patients studied, 81 inappropriately received a prescription for fluoroquinolone . Out of these cases, 43 did not call for fluoroquinolone as a first line agent, 27 presented no evidence of bacterial infection based on documented evaluations , and 11 had questionable need for such therapy. Of the 19 cases that both called for and received fluoroquinolone, only one received both the correct dose and duration of therapy. ref name pmid12622607 cite journal author Lautenbach E, Larosa LA, Kasbekar N, Peng HP, Maniglia RJ, Fishman NO title Fluoroquinolone utilization in the emergency departments of academic medical centers prevalence of, and risk factors for, inappropriate use journal Archives of Internal Medicine volume 163 issue 5 pages 601 5 year 2003 month March pmid 12622607 url http archinte.ama assn.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 12622607 doi 10.1001 archinte.163.5.601 ref In a 1994 study ... to treat severe bacterial infections, misuse has contributed to a rise in bacterial resistance ... Use dmy dates date November 2010 DEFAULTSORT Antibiotic Misuse Category Antibiotics Category Health ... more details
Other uses Patent law Image US Patent cover.jpg thumb right 175px United States patent law U.S patent A patent IPAc en icon p t n t or IPAc en p e t n t is a form of intellectual property . It consists ..., however, a patent application must include one or more claim patent claim s defining the invention which must meet the relevant patentability requirements such as novelty patent novelty and inventive ..., in all fields of technology, ref Article 27.1. of the TRIPs Agreement. ref and the term of patent ... method patent business methods and software patent computer programs . Definition The term patent usually ... thereof, and claims that right in a formal patent application. The additional qualification utility patent is used in the United States to distinguish it from other types of patents e.g. design patent ... species of patents for inventions include biological patent s, business method patent s, chemical patent s and software patent s. Some other types of intellectual property rights are referred to as patents ... patents or innovation patents . This article relates primarily to the patent for an invention, although ... made by the monarch in pursuance of the royal prerogative were sometimes called letters patent , which .... These were often grants of a patent like monopoly and predate the modern origins of the patent system. For other uses of the term patent see notably land patent s, which were land grants by early state governments in the USA, and printing patent , a precursor of modern copyright. These meanings reflect the original meaning of letters patent that had a broader scope than current usage. Etymology The word patent originates from the Latin patere , which means to lay open i.e., to make available for public inspection , and more directly as a shortened version of the term letters patent , which ... Main History of patent law File US patents 1790 2008.png thumb right U.S. patents granted, 1790 ... counts.htm title U.S. Patent Activity 1790 to the Present publisher USPTO postscript Bot inserted parameter ... more details
Licensing of patents An essential patent is a patent which discloses and claim patent claims one or more inventions that are required to practice a given Technical standard industry standard . ref http faculty.haas.berkeley.edu shapiro thicket.pdf Shapiro, Carl, Navigating the Patent Thicket Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting , forthcoming Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume I, MIT Press, 2001 ref standardisation body Standardisation bodies , therefore, often require members disclose and grant licenses to patents and pending patent applications that they own and that cover a standard that the body is developing. Failure to do so is a form of patentmisuse . If standards bodies fail to get licenses to all patents that are essential to practicing a standard, then the owners of those unlicensed patents can often demand royalties from those who ultimately adopt the standards. This is what happened, for example, to the GIF and JPEG standards. References This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http meta.wikimedia.org wiki Cite Cite.php div class references small references div See also Patent ambush , a situation where a member of a standards organization withholds information about patents they own during development of a proposed standard and subsequently claims them to be relevant to the standard as adopted. Patent map Patent pool Patent thicket Orange Book Standard External links http www.abanet.org antitrust at committees at exemc pdf liability.pdf Potential Antitrust Liability Based on a Patent Owner s Manipulation of Industry Standard Setting , Proceedings of ABA Antitrust Section Spring Meeting 2003 by Janice M. Mueller. http www.law.berkeley.edu journals btlj articles vol17 mueller.pdf PatentMisuse Through the Capture of Industry Standards , 17 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 623 2002 by Janice M. Mueller. Category Patent law ... more details
A patent ambush occurs when a member of a standards organization standard setting organization withholds information, during participation in development and setting a Technical standard standard , about a patent that the member or the member s company owns, has pending, or intends to file, which is relevant to the standard, and subsequently the company asserts that a patent is infringed by use of the standard ... title Telecom standards face patent ambush threat publisher ZDNet date 2005 ... a commitment from the patent owner that it will license users of the standard on Reasonable and non ... to the patent holder, ref name ZDNet telecom creating barriers to entry that distort competition ... patent ambush tactics.html title EC thwarts patent ambush tactics publisher MacUser date 2005 12 12 ... news 81277 ec thwarts patent ambush tactics.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 09 28 ... Patent Holder s Refusal to Meet Commitment to License Patents Covering Ethernet Standard Used in Virtually ... States, a patent ambush may involve the filing of a continuation application with claim patent claim s targeting a standard ref Herbert J. Hovenkamp, http ssrn.com abstract 1138002 Patent Continuations, Patent Deception, and Standard Setting the Rambus and Broadcom decisions , University of Iowa ... patent , that is, a patent application which has been filed but has not yet been made public years ... notably that of the imposition of a submarine patent or of patent royalty hold up risks . ref Request quotation date December 2008 See also Essential patent , a patent which is essential for implementing e.g. a standard PatentmisusePatent thicket References reflist Further reading Brian Dean Abramson, http law.unh.edu assets pdf idea vol51 no1 abramson.pdf The patent ambush misuse or caveat emptor ? , IDEA The Intellectual Property Law Review , Vol. 51 No. 1, 2011, pp. 71 109. Category Patent law Ambush, patent ... more details
Misuse of Drugs Act is the name of several similar national drug control laws passed by countries in the Commonwealth of Nations and by the Republic of Ireland . With the exception of Ireland s 1977 Act, they all sort drugs into three categories, Classes A, B, and C. This classification system was influenced by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and other drug control treaties. Some of the Acts are Misuse of Drugs Act Australia There appear to be separate Acts in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Misuse of Drugs Act Belize Misuse of Drugs Act Ireland Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 in New Zealand Misuse of Drugs Act Singapore Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the United Kingdom disambig ... more details
to a defensive claim of patentmisuse . However, defendants find it difficult to charge patent trolls ... patentmisuse. If successful, such a defense not only wins the case at hand but destroys the patent ...Use American English date August 2011 Patent troll is a pejorative term used for a person or company who buys and enforces patent s against one or more alleged patent infringement infringers in a manner ... http www.ipfrontline.com depts article.asp?id 10854&deptid 4 title On Patent Trolls and Injunctive ... patent troll was used as early as 1993 to describe companies that file aggressive patent lawsuits. ref name wordspy The Patent Troll was originally depicted in The Patents Video which was released ... victim is surprised by the Patent Troll who strategically positions himself to collect patent ... The Original Patent Troll Returns publisher Intellectual Property Today date May 8, 2007 ref The metaphor ... Joff Wild publisher IAM Magazine title The real inventors of the term patent troll revealed ref ... Niro , while Intel was defending a patent suit against them. ref http www.law.com jsp article.jsp?id 1153299926232 Meet the Original Patent Troll , IP Law & Business via law.com , July 20, 2006 ref Detkin had previously used the term patent extortionist to refer to a number of companies who were suing Intel for patent infringement and who were trying to make a lot of money off a patent that they are not practicing ... After Intel was sued for libel, he began using the term patent troll instead. ref name TrollDollar Those accused of being patent trolls typically viewed Intel as being a large and manipulative ... www.cioinsight.com article2 0,1540,1902291,00.asp author R.G. title Has the Enemy of Patent Trolls .... ref name become Patent troll is currently a controversial term, susceptible to numerous definitions, none of which are considered satisfactory from the perspective of understanding how patent trolls should be treated in law. ref Cite news last Subramanian first Sujitha year 2008 title Patent Trolls ... more details
, US patent 5,283,641 , US patent 5,351,078 . See also After claiming Evergreening PatentmisusePatent ...A submarine patent is a patent whose issuance and publication are intentionally delayed by the applicant for a long time, such as several years. ref name congress 112 http www.patentlyo.com patent law ..., 2d Session, U.S Senate, 110 259, The Patent Reform Act of 2007, January 24, 2008 , footnote 112 ... on March 28, 2010. ref This strategy requires a patent system where, first, patent applications are not published, and, second, patent term is measured from grant date, not from priority filing date. In the United States, patent application s filed before November 2000 were not published and remained ... or companies making use of submarine patents are sometimes referred to as patent pirates . ref United ... on the 21st Century Patent System Improvement Act , H.R. 400, Summary of Testimony of Harold C ..., August 25, 2004 ref The phrase is occasionally used more generally for any patent used in patent ambush ... the publication of U.S. patent applications, the public would not learn of a patent until after ... issuance, and thus publication, of the patent for several years to allow potentially infringing industries ... left U.S. Committee on the Judiciary, 2008 ref name congress 112 Submarine patent practice was possible previously under the United States patent law , but is no longer practical since the United States ... of the World Trade Organization WTO since 1995, patent terms 20 years in the U.S. are measured from ... . In the past, when the life of a U.S. patent was 17 years from the date it was granted, submarine ... patent could benefit by delaying the issuance, and thus expiration date, of a patent through the simple, but relatively costly, expedient of filing a succession of continuing patent application continuation ... application. ref Of course, there are a few original patent applications that take ... court or Federal Circuit appeals. See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,132,080 an original application was filed ... more details
A medical patent may refer to a biological patent see also gene patent a chemical or pharmaceutical patent a patent on a medical device See also Generic drug Patent medicine dab ... more details
The Misuse of Drugs Act is a national drug control law of Belize that divides drugs into three classes. There does not seem to be any mechanism for adding, removing, or transferring drugs between classes without amending the statute. Like the Misuse of Drugs Act s of other nations, this statute is designed to implement the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and its supplementary drug control treaty treaties . See also Politics of Belize References http www.unodc.org unodc en legal library bz legal library 1992 06 01 1992 9.html Misuse of Drugs Act, 1990 , United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Category Drug control law Category Belizean law Category Health in Belize Category 1990 in law Category 1990 in Belize Belize stub statute stub ... more details
TWCleanup A patent court is a court specializing in patent law . List Patent Court of Korea Patents Court Bundespatentgericht United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals See also Patent law Category Patent law Category Courts by type ... more details
Wiktionarypar Patentpatent patently patency For the Wikipedia template Template Patent A patent a set of exclusive rights granted by a state national government to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention. Types of intellectual property patents Biological patent Business method patent Chemical patent Design patent for an ornamental design or shape Software patent Utility model , also known as a petty patent, innovation patent, minor patent, or small patent Utility patent , for an invention that functions in a unique manner and not merely ornametal. Other meanings of patent Letters patent , a type of legal instrument issued by a monarch or president, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation Land patent , a land grant, such as in a patented mining claim Patent leather , a shiny form of leather originally produced by a patented process Patent medicine , medical compounds of questionable effectiveness sold under a variety of names and labels Patent bet , in the UK, a wager on three selections and consisting of 7 separate bets In medicine and biology, patent implies open, unobstructed, expanded, e.g. patent ductus arteriosus See also Plant Patent Act , legislation allowing plant breeds to be patented in the United States disambiguation de Patent Begriffskl rung nl Patent ja ru sk Patent sl Patent razlo itev ... more details
Infobox NZ Legislation short title Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 long title An Act to consolidate and amend the Narcotics Act 1965 and to make further provision for the prevention of misuse of drugs introduced by date passed 1975 royal assent commencement amendments related legislation status Current New Zealand s Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 is a national drug control law that classifies drugs into three classes, or Schedules, based on their risk of harm ref cite web title Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 No 116 as at 01 December 2010 , 3A Classification of drugs url http www.legislation.govt.nz act public 1975 0116 latest DLM436190.html work New Zealand Legislation Acts accessdate 16 June 2011 ref Class A , or First Schedule Very high risk of harm and illegal LSD Heroin Cocaine Methamphetamine Psilocin and Psilocybin Class B , or Second Schedule Very high risk of harm and on prescription Cannabis hashish, cannabis oil, or other preparation Morphine Hydromorphone Pethidine Amphetamine MDMA Ecstasy Class C , or Third Schedule Moderate risk of harm. Cannabis plant, leaf, fruit or seeds Barbiturates ref 1 1 phenobarbital, barbital, etc. Benzodiazepines ref 2 2 diazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, etc. note 1 Note 1 Pentobarbital, secobarbital, and amobarbital are subject to more legal restrictions and tougher penalties than other Class C substances. br note 2 Note 2 Temazepam and flunitrazepam are subject to more legal restrictions and tougher penalties than other Class C substances. Fourth Schedule Precursor substances. The Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs EACD makes Scheduling decisions, based on scientific and medical evidence and or international treaty obligations. New Zealand is a party to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs , the Convention on Psychotropic Substances , and the United ... DLM436101.html Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 text of the Act http www.lawcom.govt.nz project review misuse drugs act 1975 Review of Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 at the New Zealand Law Commission Category ... more details
A Patent Act is a country s legislation that controls the use of patent s. There have been numerous Patent Acts Canada Patent Act Canada Canadian Patent Act Germany German Patents Act Patentgesetz India http www.spicyip.com docs statute combined 20patents 20act 202005.pdf The Patents Act, 1970 New Zealand Patents Act 1953 United Kingdom Patents Act 1977 see http www.ipo.gov.uk patentsact1977.pdf Patents Act 1977 as amended up to and including 1 January 2010 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 United States May refer to United States patent law , as a whole, or to Patent Act of 1790 Patent Act of 1793 Patent Act of 1836 Patent Act of 1922 Patent Act of 1952 Bayh Dole Act Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act of 1980 Patent Reform Act of 2005 not enacted Patent Reform Act of 2007 not enacted Patent Reform Act of 2009 currently pending legislation Disambig Category Patent law Act, Patent ko ... more details
A patent map is a graphical model of patent visualisation . This practice enables companies to identify the patents in a particular technology space, verify the characteristics of these patents, and ... identify the relationships among them, to see if there are any zones of patent infringement infringement . ref http books.google.com books?id aYFErvCfIfUC&lpg PT371&dq patent 20mapping&pg PT371 v onepage&q patent 20mapping&f false From Innovation to Cash Flows Value Creation by Structuring High Technology Alliances, p349 ref Patent mapping is also referred to as patent landscaping. See also Patent drawing References Reflist External links and further reading http www.epo.org patents patent information business stats faq.html Patent statistics and patent mapping FAQ at the European Patent Office http 202.106.92.141 shangchuan zmyj0009.pdf Guide Book for Practical Use of Patent Map for Each Technology Field , Invention Research Institute, Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation, Japan Patent Office, Asia Pacific Industrial Property Center, JIII 2000 Category Business terms Category Patent law Map, patent ... more details
Infobox UK legislation short title Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom ... legislation.gov.uk ukgpa 1971 38 legislation history The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 is an Acts of Parliament .... Offences under the Act include ref cite web url http drugs.homeoffice.gov.uk drugs laws misuse of drugs act title & 39 Misuse of Drugs Act & 39 , Home Office representation of the act, Home Office ..., and cannabis hemp ref name Canna 3 may be grown under licence for industrial purposes . The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, ref name uksi20012998 UK SI title The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 ... The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 & 39 , OPSI website, accessed 28 January 2009 publisher Opsi.gov.uk ... by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act The Act sets out four separate categories Class A, Class B, Class ... by statutory instrument , provided a report of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs has been ... s Controlled Substances Act . Source Article Section 17 History The Drugs Prevention of Misuse ... were being used . However section 8 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 ref cite web url http www.opsi.gov.uk RevisedStatutes Acts ukpga 1971 cukpga 19710038 en 1 pb4 l1g8 title Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 publisher Opsi.gov.uk date accessdate 2011 01 23 ref was amended by Regulation 13 of Misuse of Drugs ... Justice and Police Act 2001. ref cite web url http opsi.gov.uk si si2001 20013998 title The Misuse ... to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse , David Nutt, Leslie A. King, William Saulsbury ... of alcohol and tobacco from the Misuse of Drugs Act is, from a scientific perspective, arbitrary. ref ... The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Modification No. 2 Order 2003 No. 3201 & 39 , OPSI website, accessed 27 ... from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs ACMD . In 2009, it was returned to class ... The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971&searchEnacted 0&extentMatchOnly 0&confersPower 0&blanketAmendment 0 ... 8254 title & 39 The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Amendment Order 2008 No. 3130 & 39 , OPSI website ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 Infobox UK legislation short title Computer Misuse Act 1990 parliament United Kingdom Parliament long title An Act to make provision for securing computer material against unauthorised access or modification and for connected purposes. statute book chapter 1990 c. 18 introduced by Michael Colvin territorial extent England and Wales Scotland Northern Ireland royal assent ... 41 The Computer Misuse Act 1990 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , introduced partly ... Misuse Act Based on the ELC s recommendations, a Private Member s Bill was introduced by Conservative ... UKpga 19900018 en 1.htm Computer Misuse Act 1990 , s1 s3 ref Hacking unauthorised access to computer ... and highlighted areas for development. Their recommendations led to the drafting of the Computer Misuse ... to the Computer Misuse Act 1990. Section 37 Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in computer misuse offences inserts a new section 3A into the 1990 Act and has drawn considerable criticism ... to the Computer Misuse Act 1990 by Part 5 of the Police and Justice Act 2006 ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ... or obtaining articles for use in computer misuse offences ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 2006 ... Misuse Act 1990 lessons from its past and predictions for its future 2008 , Criminal Law Review 955 . Stefan Fafinski, Computer Misuse Response, Regulation and the Law Cullomption, Willan 2009 Yaman Akdeniz, Section 3 of the Computer Misuse Act 1990 an Antidote for Computer Viruses 1996 3 Web JCLI ... aka the Black Baron in November 1995. Derek Wyatt, Computer Misuse Act amendment speech . http www.derekwyattmp.co.uk ... Police and Justice Bill 2006 Amendments to the Computer Misuse Act 1990 covered by the Open Rights Group http www.computerevidence.co.uk Cases CMA.htm A list of Computer Misuse Act cases compiled by Michael J L Turner http www.wikicrimeline.co.uk index.php?title Computer misuse act Computer Misuse Act ... law Category Computer crimes Category Hacking computer security simple Computer Misuse Act ... more details
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 , ref http www.irishstatutebook.ie 1977 en act pub 0012 index.html Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 Irish Statute Book. ref the Misuse of Drugs Act 1984 , ref http www.irishstatutebook.ie 1984 en act pub 0018 index.html Misuse of Drugs Act 1984 Irish Statute Book. ref and the Criminal Justice Psychoactive Substances Act 2010 ref http www.irishstatutebook.ie 2010 en act pub 0022 print.html Criminal Justice Psychoactive Substances Act 2010 Irish Statute Book. ref are the acts of the Oireachtas regulating drugs in Republic of Ireland Ireland . The acts define the penalties for unlawful production, possession and supply of drugs. Regulations The act provides for the Minister for Health and Children Ireland Minister for Health to make regulations scheduling drugs according to their use perceived medical usability and their risk to the public. Additionally, these regulations outline the requirements for distribution and monitoring of the listed substances. The principal regulations are the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1988 SI 328 1988 as amended by the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Regulations 1993 SI 342 1993 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment No. 1 Regulations 1999 SI 273 1999 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Regulations 2006 SI 53 2006 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Regulations 2007 SI 200 2007 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment No. 1 Regulations 2009 SI 63 2009 and the Misuse of Drugs Amendment No. 2 Regulations 2009 SI 122 2009 . Schedule 1 The substances and certain derivatives thereof considered by the state to have no medicinal or scientific value with consideration given regarding their likelihood of their being abused and thus would be considered illegal drugs. Substances Div col cols 2 small yes 1 benzylpiperazinc BZP i.e. benzylpiperazine , added by the 2009 Regulations Bufotenine Cannabinol except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin Cannabinol derivatives Cannabis and Cannabis resin hashish Cathinone Coca leaf Concentrate of Poppy straw poppy ... more details
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