Paternalism most typically refers to behavior, by a person, organization or state, which limits some .... Some definitions of paternalism require in addition that the behavior is against the will of this person or persons, or that it is undertaken regardless of that will. ref Dworkin, Gerald, Paternalism ... towards the person or persons. ref Shiffrin, Seana. 2000. Paternalism, Unconscionability Doctrine, and Accommodation. Philosophy and Public Affairs 29 3 205 250. ref The word paternalism is from the Latin pater for father, though paternalism should be distinguished from patriarchy . Paternalism is sometimes thought appropriate towards children and paternalism towards adults is sometimes thought ... Press. P. 4 ref Examples of paternalism include a parent forbidding their children to engage in dangerous .... Soft and Hard Paternalism The terms soft and hard are used in two quite different senses in this context ... 1986 , usually use soft paternalism for paternalism towards a person whose action or choice is insufficiently voluntary to be genuinely hers. Hard paternalism in this usage means paternalism towards a person whose action or choice is sufficiently voluntary to be genuinely hers. Soft paternalism in this usage ... or choice is sufficiently voluntary. In contrast, economists and lawyers usually use soft paternalism for mild paternalism, that is paternalism that is not coercive, or not very heavy handed . For example, libertarian paternalism is soft paternalism in this sense. Hard paternalism in this usage is coercive paternalism. Opponents of paternalism See also Social engineering political science Nanny state ... power cannot be identified. John Stuart Mill opposes state paternalism on the grounds that individuals ... respect for others liberty, and that paternalism disrupts the development of an independent character ... ref Contemporary opponents of paternalism often appeal to the ideal of personal autonomy . See also Adultism Obscurantism Soft paternalism Industrial paternalism Rule according to higher law References ... more details
Libertarianism sidebar Soft paternalism also referred to as asymmetrical paternalism and libertarian paternalism is a political philosophy that believes the state polity state can quote help you make the choices ... opinion displaystory.cfm?story id 6772346 The rise of soft paternalism ref The term libertarian paternalism is intended to evoke the idea that soft paternalism is an approach to public policy ... sol3 papers.cfm?abstract id 615562 ref Asymmetric paternalism refers to two asymmetries the policies ... No. W8651 publisher SSRN date December 2001 ssrn 294089 ref The asymmetry of soft paternalism can ... paternalism as oxymoronic. ref http www.econjournalwatch.org pdf KleinCommentAugust2004.pdf ref In his ... on the grounds that Thaler and Sunstein ref Libertarian paternalism is not an oxymoron CR Sunstein ... processes, libertarian paternalism uses a hyper rational behavior model of human nature as a definition ... and the Case for Asymmetric Paternalism . University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 1151 3 , 1211 ... Methodological issues raised by light paternalism. In A. Caplin and A. Schotter Eds. , Perspectives ... of Hard Paternalism , 20 Georgia State University Law Review 659 722 2004 Pope, Thaddeus Mason ... of Consent Based Justifications for Hard Paternalism , 73 UMKC Law Review 681 713 2005 Pope, Thaddeus Mason. http thaddeuspope.com images Pope, 30 OCULR 121 207 2005 .pdf Is Public Health Paternalism ... 405940 Libertarian Paternalism is Not an Oxymoron . University of Chicago Law Review 70 4 , 2003 1159 ... Paternalism . The Guardian. June 24, 2006. Thaler, Richard H. and Cass R. Sunstein. http www.latimes.com ... 04 06 AR2008040601717.html A Dose of Libertarian Paternalism . Washington Post. April 7, 2008. Goldstein, Evan R. http chronicle.com temp reprint.php?id pwq4w52rk7wg916xkfflm6r43x0h2d5s The New Paternalism ... with Richard Thaler about libertarian paternalism . An EconTalk podcast http www.grist.org article 2009 green nudges an interview with obama re Interview with Cass Sunstein about libertarian paternalism ... more details
Gerald Dworkin born 1937 is a Professor of moral, political and legal philosophy. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the University of California , Davis. He has also taught at Harvard , MIT , and the University of Illinois , Chicago . He has been a visiting Fellow of All Souls College Oxford , the Australian National University , and the Hastings Center. He was the Centennial Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics . In 2006, he was a Distinguished Visitor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong where he gave a series of lectures on Paternalism. His main areas of research include the nature and justification of autonomy , ref G. Dworkin, The Theory and Practice of Autonomy, Cambridge University Press, 1988 ref paternalism in the criminal law, ref G. Dworkin, Paternalism , The Monist, 1972 ref and the issue of which acts may legitimately be criminalised by the state. ref Morality, Harm, and the Law, Westview Press, 1984 ref His most recent book is a defense of Physician Assisted Suicide. ref Dworkin, Frey and Bok, Euthanasia and Physician assisted Suicide For and Against, Cambridge University Press, 1998. ref In it he argues that doctors who approve of withdrawing patients from life support at their request, or administering pain relief medication that is foreseen to kill the patient, or who approve of terminal sedation, are inconsistent if they condemn physician assisted suicide. This book has been published in Spanish and Korean language editions. He is no relation to either Ronald Dworkin Ronald or Andrea Dworkin Andrea Dworkin, other scholars whose work often considers similar areas to his. References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Dworkin, Gerald ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1937 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Dworkin, Gerald Category 1937 births Category University of California, Davis faculty Category Harvard University faculty Category Massachusetts I ... more details
unsourced date September 2010 Commented out because image was deleted Image AboriginesinWhiteAustralia.jpg frame Aborigines in White Australia Aborigines in White Australia is a 1974 book by Sharman Stone . It is a compilation of historical documents regarding the changing attitudes of white people , especially white Australian s, towards indigenous Australians . It covers the period from 1697 to 1973. The historical documents are drawn from contemporary newspaper s, court and government records, official reports, private Diary journals and lecture s. They illustrate a broad range of attitudes to indigenous people held by white Australians, including fear, racism , anthropology anthropological interest, paternalism and guilt. Aborigines in White Australia was published by Heinemann book publisher Heinemann Educational Australia in Melbourne and London . It was assigned ISBN 0 85859 072 7 in Australia and ISBN 0 435 32830 1 in the UK Category Books about Australian Aborigines Category 1974 books ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2009 Original research date February 2009 In economics , a demerit good is a Good economics and accounting good or Service economics service whose consumption is considered unhealthy, degrading, or otherwise socially undesirable due to the perceived negative effects on the consumers themselves. It is over consumed if left to market forces. Examples of demerit goods include tobacco , alcoholic beverage s, recreational drugs , gambling , junk food and prostitution . Because of the nature of these goods, government s often levy taxes on these goods specifically, sin tax es , in some cases regulating or banning consumption or advertisement of these goods. There is an important conceptual distinction between a demerit good and a negative externality. A negative externality occurs when the consumption of a good has measurable negative consequences on others who do not consume the good themselves. Pollution due, for example, to automobile use is the canonical example of a negative externality. Another example is cigarettes. It not only affects you, but the people around you second hand smoking . By contrast, a demerit good is viewed as undesirable because its consumption has negative effects upon the consumer. Two fundamental views in welfare economics, welfarism and paternalism, differ in their conceptual treatment of demerit goods . Simply, welfarism takes the individual s own perception of the utility of a good as the final judgement of the utility of the good for that person, and thereby disallows the concept of a demerit good while allowing the analysis of negative externalities . As an extreme example, if a heroin addict purchases heroin, they must have done so because heroin makes them better off, and this transaction is viewed as a net social positive assuming that the addict does not commit any other crimes as the result of their addiction . Paternalism, on the other hand, judges that heroin isn t good for you , and feels free to overrid ... more details
Multiple issues orphan April 2011 unreferenced April 2011 original research April 2011 Progressive rationalism is the belief that improvements in global quality of life well being depend on political change based on reason . As a progressivism progressive belief system it is concerned with eradication of political corruption corruption . As a rationalism rationalist belief system it is concerned with the eradication of religion religious belief . Progressive rationalists thus see corruption and faith as the two greatest barriers to improved conditions. It is opposed not only to right wing systems of authoritarianism authoritarian or theocracy theocratic rule, but also to moral relativism exhibited by the left. It is distinct from both of its two stand alone constiuents by stating that both progressivism and rationalism are indispensable enablers for a flourishing society. Progressive rationalists generally see democratic governance as the best available political system and many additionally subscribe to soft paternalism libertarian paternalism . They are atheists universally as a result of their rationalism. And their preoccupation with global well being makes most of them advocates of Human rights human and civil and political rights civil rights , Environmentalism environmental conservation , and animal welfare . These and other values all derive from their foundational belief in reason based change to improve well being. Notable individuals who have inspired progressive rationalism are Sam Harris author Sam Harris for advocating reason, Julian Assange for exposing corruption, and George Carlin for his social criticism. The countries in which the ideals of progressive rationalism have been realized to the greatest extent are the Scandinavia n ones with their high rates of political trust, atheism, and quality of life. DEFAULTSORT Progressive Rationalism Category Progressivism Category Rationalism es Racionalismo progresivo ... more details
IdontWantDowry.com is India s first matrimonial website for dowry free marriages. ref http www.hindu.com mp 2006 04 12 stories 2006041200530100.htm ref ref http www.hindu.com mag 2009 06 28 stories 2009062850180500.htm ref The website was launched on April 2, 2006 by P. Chidambaram Family Nalini Chidambaram , a senior highcourt advocate in Chennai . Despite its outlaw in 1961, the dowry system has continued to survive in some social castes. IDontWantDowry.com attempts to create a meeting place for brides and grooms who want to marry without dowry. As of 2012, IdontWantDowry.com has more than 14,000 members ref http idontwantdowry.com stats.php ref and 15 couples have married through the website. citation needed date April 2012 References Reflist External links http idontwantdowry.com http in.reuters.com article 2007 10 12 idINIndia 29970020071012 http www.stanford.edu group womenscourage marriage paternalism untitledframe 2.html Category Indian wedding Category Online dating services ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Contract law Penal damages are best seen as quantitatively excessive liquidated damages and are invalid under the common law . While liquidated damages are a priori calculations of expectation loss under the contract, penal damages go further and seek to penalise a party in some way for Breach of contract breach of a clause above and beyond the loss suffered by the innocent party as a result of this breach. Many clauses which are found to be penal are expressed as liquidated damages clauses but are seen by courts as excessive and thus invalid. The judicial approach to penal damages is conceptually important as it is one of the few examples of judicial paternalism in contract law. Even if two parties genuinely and without coercion wish to consent to a contract which includes a penal clause, they are unable to. So, for example, a person wishing to give up smoking cannot contract with a third party to be fined 100 each time they smoke as this figure does not represent the expectation loss of the contract. As distinguished from other types of damages Penal damages are to be distinguished from punitive damages , which are awarded in certain types of tort actions for actions which caused harm to the plaintiff. Penal damages are also different from treble damages , which are generally set by statute for certain violations of competition law and related laws. DEFAULTSORT Penal Damages Category Contract law Law stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2006 The New Chinese Empire is a book by Ross Terrill which was published by Basic Books in 2003 and won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize , Current Interest, for that year. ref http events.latimes.com bookprizes previous winners year 2003 ref The book goes into in depth explanations about the new and powerful China Chinese empire and how it affects United States American society and ideology. It also delves deeply into the psyche of the Chinese government s internal workings and explains China s view on domestic and foreign policies. ref http www.carnegiecouncil.org resources transcripts 954.html ref Terrill s argument connects an ancient dynastic China with the China of today and their blend of idealism and realism, attachment to doctrine, paternalism, and the obsession with national unity. Terrill, a Harvard PhD in Political Science, draws on his professional training and years of visiting China to show in the words of Lucian Pye , a civilization masquerading as a nation . He depicts China s longer term future, not as having a clash of civilizations, but instead of the universals of human nature and social change. Terrill is also the writer of the biography, Mao book Mao which was first banned in the People s Republic of China PRC for its realistic portrayal of Mao Zedong , then published to become a best seller. References references DEFAULTSORT New Chinese Empire Category China United States relations Category Political books Category Books about China Poli book stub ... more details
Margarida Teresa da Silva e Orta 1711 1793 was a Brazil Brazilian author of the Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment era. She was born in S o Paulo and moved with her parents to Portugal at the age of six, where she remained for the rest of her life. Her chief work is Maximas de Virtude e Formosura Maxims of Virtue and Beauty , published in Lisbon in 1752 and reissued in 1777 under the title Aventuras de Di fanes . Based on Fran ois F nelon F nelon s novel Les Aventures de T l maque T l maque , it contains a criticism of Absolute monarchy royal absolutism , recommending instead that the king should follow a policy of enlightened paternalism . Sources C.R. Boxer Women in Iberian Expansion Overseas Some Facts, Fancies and Personalities Oxford University Press, 1975 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Silva e Orta, Margarida Teresa da ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1711 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1793 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Silva e Orta, Margarida Teresa da Category Brazilian writers Category 1711 births Category 1793 deaths pt Teresa Margarida da Silva e Orta ... more details
The Australian settlement is a technical term in Australian history and sociology for a complex of 20th century political and social practices that limited the nature of Australian capitalism. While this conceptual model is influential in the analysis of Australian capitalism, some theorists including Humphrey McQueen have questioned its relevance. ref Humphrey McQueen, Tariffs, Arbitration and price fixing class struggle or intra capitalist settlement? Australian Financial Review , 2 November 2007 , pp. 6 8. reprinted by the Author at http home.alphalink.com.au loge27 aus hist aus hist harvester footnote.htm this website ref The Australian settlement is normally considered to be the combination of ref Kevin Andrews Australian politician Kevin Andrews , Back to the Future Australian Polity , 1 3 http australianpolity.com australian polity back to the future online ref Compulsory arbitration , including a living wage in the form of the basic wage plus margin Industry Protection, being Tariff barriers protecting Australian manufacturing State Paternalism in the form of investment into industry and social welfare from a paternalistic standpoint Imperial Benevolence, as a foreign policy of associating with a strong anglophone imperialist power White Australia policy Bibliography references Category Social history of Australia ... more details
paternalism in Nudge draws on facts of human nature and psychology. The book is critical of the homo ... bureaucracy are not, Sunstein and Thaler endorse libertarian paternalism. Libertarian paternalism Main article Libertarian paternalism Libertarian paternalism is the union of two political notions that are commonly viewed as being at odds to the point of oxymoron libertarianism and paternalism . Sunstein ... architecture to propose policy recommendations that they believe are in the spirit of libertarian paternalism ... at a 20 to 25 year span before you get a full change of behaviour. blockquote See Also Soft paternalism ... richard thaler 1.html Interview with Richard Thaler about libertarian paternalism EconTalk podcast ... about libertarian paternalism Grist.com http www.tompeters.com cool friends content.php?note 010570.php ... more details
and the response of the manufacturers is an example of the theme of paternalism , the dread of paternalism, and the conflicts that arise from it in Asimov s fiction. See also Transhumanism Dehumanization ... more details
About an economist Daniel Klein disambiguation Daniel Klein Infobox scientist name Daniel Klein image DanielBKlein.jpg image size caption birth date 1962 birth place death date death place residence citizenship nationality ethnicity fields workplaces alma mater doctoral advisor academic advisors doctoral students notable students known for author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced awards religion signature filename only footnotes Daniel B. Klein born 1962 is a professor of economics at George Mason University and an Associate Fellow of the Swedish Ratio Institute . Much of his research examines public policy questions, Libertarianism libertarian political philosophy, and the sociology of academia . He is the chief editor of Econ Journal Watch . Klein received his doctorate in economics from New York University in 1990. Debates Generalize section date October 2009 In an article appearing in the August 2004 Econ Journal Watch he criticized libertarian paternalism , espoused by Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler , as oxymoronic. ref http www.econjournalwatch.org pdf KleinCommentAugust2004.pdf ref He argued against what he perceived as an overly loose and weak definition of libertarianism on the grounds that Thaler and Sunstein made no meaningful distinction of between liberty and coercion. In failing to define the concepts of liberty and coercion as fundamentally dissimilar processes. Vague date February 2009 Libertarian paternalism uses a hyperrational behavior model of human nature as a definition for libertarianism, and neglects alternative definitions such as those advanced by Adam Smith and F.A. Hayek . Selected publications http econfaculty.gmu.edu klein PdfPapers VoluntaryProvisionPublicGoods.pdf The Voluntary Provision of Public Goods? The Turnpike Companies of Early America in Economic Inquiry vol. 28 1990 http econfaculty.gmu.edu klein PdfPapers PromiseKeeping GreatSociety.pdf Promise Keeping in the Great Society A Model of Credit Information Sh ... more details
products are displayed in a supermarket . Libertarian paternalism is the idea that it is both possible ... Propaganda Richard Thaler Soft paternalism Cass Sunstein William H. Riker References reflist Selected ... more details
BLP unsourced date March 2012 Hans T. Blokland born 1960 is a Dutch social and Political theory political theorist . Currently he is a professor at the Berlin Graduate School of Social Sciences at the Humboldt University of Berlin . Blokland is the author of Freedom and Culture in Western Society 1997 and Modernization and its political consequences 2006 . His work has awarded, among others, the Pieter de la Court prize of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences . The central subjects of Blokland s work are the meanings of Political freedom freedom , autonomy , paternalism and emancipation cultural politics and cultural policy ethical pluralism of philosophers like Isaiah Berlin and political pluralism of political scientists like Robert Dahl and Charles E. Lindblom the process of modernization Rationalization sociology rationalization , differentiation ethnography differentiation and individualization the dissemination, potencies and flaws of the market and bureaucracy the development of the thinking on democracy , policy making and planning and the history and potency of political science . Select bibliography Freedom and Culture in Western Society London & New York Routledge, 1997 Modernization and its Political Consequences Weber, Mannheim and Schumpeter New Haven & London Yale University Press, 2006 Pluralism, Democracy and Political Knowledge Robert A. Dahl and his Critics on Modern Politics Burlington VT and Farnham Ashgate Publishing, 2011 External links http www.hans blokland.nl index en.html Official website Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Blokland, Hans ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1960 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Blokland, Hans Category Political theorists Category Dutch political scientists Category Living people Category 1960 births ... more details
Theophil Friedrich Christen April 15, 1879 in Basel May 6, 1920 in Genfersee was a doctor, mathematician, physicist, economist and pioneer of physical medicine, in particular of X ray radiation. Zeitschrift f r medizinische Physik wrote ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?db pubmed&list uids 15830786&cmd Retrieve&indexed google PubMed ref cquote The Swiss mathematician and physician Theophil Christen was one of the first important pioneers in Medical Physics. He structured the previously confused field of physical concepts and definitions for medical applications of X rays and paved the way for the modern understanding of dosimetry. In his honor, the Swiss Society for Radiation Biology and Medical Physics established the Theophil Christians Medal in 2006 ref http www.edimuster.ch politik theophil christen.htm Dr. Theophil Christen ref , first awarded to Jean Fran ois Valley . ref http www.sgsmp.ch honmem christen.htm Die Theophil Christen Medaille der SGSMP ref Publications Ausbeutungslose Freiwirtschaft Frei von privater Ausbeutung Frei von staatlicher Bevormundung Stark zur Selbstverantwortung English Exploitative Lose Free Economy Free from private exploitation Free of state paternalism Strong self responsibility Das Geldwesen ein dynamisches System English The Banks a dynamic system Die Kaufkraft des Geldes und ihre Bedeutung f r die Volkswirtschaft English The purchasing power of money and its importance for the national economy Die politische Frauenfibel English The Women s Political Primer References reflist External links http www.onmeda.de lexika persoenlichkeiten christen.html Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Christen, Theophil Friedrich ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 15, 1879 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH May 6, 1920 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Christen, Theophil Friedrich Category 1879 births Category 1920 deaths Switzerland scientist stub europe mathematician stub economist stub de Theophil Christen ... more details
Infobox Journal title Canadian Journal of Philosophy cover editor discipline Philosophy language English language English abbreviation Can. j. philos. publisher University of Calgary Press country Canada frequency Quarterly history 1971 present openaccess impact impact year website http www.canadianjournalofphilosophy.com link1 http www.ucalgary.ca UofC departments UP UCP CJP.html link1 name Calgary Press page link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC 1553152 LCCN CODEN ISSN 0045 5091 eISSN 1911 0820 The Canadian Journal of Philosophy CJP is a philosophy journal, founded in 1971 by John King Farlow, Kai Nielsen philosopher Kai Nielsen , T.M. Penelhum, and W.W. Rozeboom. The journal publishes four issues per year by the University of Calgary Press as well as a Supplementary Volume once per year consisting of invited papers on a particular philosophical topic. Notable articles The following is a partial list of some of the most notable articles in the CJP in date order Legal Paternalism 1974 Joel Feinberg Counterfactuals and Possible Worlds 1974 Jonathan Bennett philosopher Jonathan Bennett The Representative Theory of Perception 1975 Barry Maund The Nature of Laws 1977 Michael Tooley Modifiers and Quantifiers in Natural Language 1980 Terence Parsons Misinformation 1989 Peter Godfrey Smith The Ontology of Complex Systems 1994 William C. Wimsatt Breaking Up An Essay on Secession 1994 David Gauthier Are Thought Experiments Just What You Thought? 1996 John D. Norton External links http www.canadianjournalofphilosophy.com CJP Web Site Category Philosophy journals Category Publications established in 1971 Category Canadian literature Category Contemporary philosophical literature philosophy stub ... more details
multiple issues cleanup November 2010 BLP sources November 2010 orphan November 2010 Frank H. Buckley is a Foundation Professor at George Mason University School of Law , where he has taught since 1989. Before then, he was a visiting Olin Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School . He has also taught at McGill Law School in Montreal and the Sorbonne Paris II , and Sciences Po in Paris. His law degrees are from McGill and Harvard . ref http buckleysmix.com buckleysmix.com ref Professor H. Buckley is the author of numerous books and articles on law and economics and has published in many of the leading journals, including the Journal of Legal Studies , the International Review of Law and Economics, and Public Choice. His most recent books are Fair Governance Paternalism and Perfectionism Oxford 2009 ref http www.oxfordscholarship.com oso public content law 9780195341263 toc.html Fair Governance Paternalism and Perfectionism Oxford Univ. Press ref Just Exchange Routledge 2005 ref http www.routledge.com books details 9780415700276 Just Exchange A Theory of Contract Paperback Routledge Bot generated title ref and The Morality of Laughter Michigan 2003 . ref Buckley, F. H. The Morality of Laughter Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press , 2003 ref The Morality of Laughter The Morality of Laughter is an entertaining book on the serious subject of laughter distinguish by its wide range of cultural references. Building up on the work of Henri Bergson Henry Bergson , ref Bergson, Henry. Le rire . Paris Presses Universitaires de France, 1940 ref F. H. Buckley introduces the book advocating that the morality of laughter will be useful in answering one of the oldest question in philosophy How ought I to live? In his book, he presents the Theory of Laughter, arguing that laughter announces and enforces a code of behavior through the jester signal of superiority over a butt. There is no laughter without a butt and no butt without a message a risible inferiority . The above men ... more details
. PaternalismPaternalism , a subtle form of social engineering, refers to the control of workers by their employers who sought to force middle class ideals upon their working class employees. Paternalism ... the causes of the strikes found that Pullman s paternalism was partly to blame and labelled it un ... paternalism was inappropriate for a large scale corporate economy and thus caused the town s downfall ... model of paternalism was abandoned in favour of new professionally designed company towns with architects ... town involved the fusion of new notions of house design and layout. ref Gaskell, 1979 ref The paternalism ... to shape new age paternalism. ref Crawford, M. 1995. Building the Workingman s Paradise The Design ... had also lessened the perceived need for paternalism and moral reform. Accordingly, the economic ... Corporate republic Ghost town Industrial paternalism Mill town Monotown , a similar phenomenon in Russia ... more details
, with whom she continued correspondence until his death. ref name madame ref name paternalism cite book title Paternalism in a Southern City Race, Religion, and Gender in Augusta, Georgia last1 Cashin ... name madame ref name eoa ref name paternalism Marriage Following the completion of his term in 1834 .... ref name paternalism The couple had five children Octavia Walton Le Vert, born ... , Prince of Wales . ref name paternalism One of her closest friends, Lady Emmeline Stuart Wortley ... paternalism In 1855, she was appointed by the List of Governors of Alabama Governor of Alabama , John ... trip she met Napoleon III and Pope Pius IX . ref name paternalism Upon her return to the United ... more details
and Closed set Formats. Speech Communication 47 4 , 424 435. 2005. Paternalism and Cognitive Bias ... 39 4 , 696 714 with Michael Bishop . 2007. A Restriction Maybe, but is it Paternalism? Cognitive ... more details
slavery Voluntary slavery or self sale is the condition of slavery freely entered into. In ancient times this was a common way for impoverished people to provide subsistence for themselves or their family and provision was made for this in law . ref citation title Serfdom and slavery studies in legal bondage page 21 author M. L. Bush year 1996 ref For example, the code of Hammurabi stated that, besides being able to borrow on personal security, an individual might sell himself or a family member into slavery. ref citation title Buying freedom author Anthony Appiah, Martin Bunzl pages 95 97 date 2007 07 02 isbn 9780691130101 url http books.google.com ?id Sxb4G8A7eJ8C&pg PA95 ref In ancient times one of the most direct ways to become a Roman or Greek citizen was by means of a self sale contract. For the laws surrounding Roman and Greek manumission made it quite possible for such erstwhile slaves to then become citizens or near citizens themselves. ref The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia . Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995. ISBN 0802837840. p.543. ref In medieval Russia, self sale was the main source of slaves. ref citation title Slavery in Russia, 1450 1725 author MA Klein journal American Journal of Sociology year 1986 ref Slave contracts are also sometimes used in BDSM as part of a total power exchange agreement. Theory In modern times, the topic has been discussed in the context of politics and human rights. John Stuart Mill wrote a critique of voluntary slavery as a criticism of paternalism. ref citation title Mill versus paternalism author RJ Arneson journal Ethics year 1980 ref Certain feminists have asserted willing motherhood to be a form of voluntary slavery. ref citation title To be or not to Be The dilemmas of mothering author S Rowbotham journal Feminist Review year 1989 ref And some political economists have asserted that the capitalist wage system is contrary to human dignity and inalienable human rights. ref citation title ... more details
Orphan date October 2010 Problem posing education is a term coined by Brazilian educator Paulo Freire in his 1970 book Pedagogy of the Oppressed . Problem posing refers to a method of teaching that emphasizes critical thinking for the purpose of liberation. Freire used problem posing as the alternative to banking education , which is the traditional model of education. Origins Freire s pedagogy emerged from his observations and experiences working as an instructor in literacy programs with peasant laborers in Brazil. During this work, Freire became aware of the economic, political, and social domination resulting from paternalism. Paternalism leads to a culture of silence, which keeps people from confronting their oppression. He turned this philosophy to pedagogy because the whole education system was one of the major instruments for the maintenance of this culture of silence. ref Paulo Freire Pedagogy of the Oppressed . 1970. Pg 12 ref His philosophy on education centers on critical consciousness, where the oppressed recognize the causes of their oppression so that through transforming action they can create a new situation, on which makes possible the pursuit of fuller humanity. ref Paulo Freire Pedagogy of the Oppressed . 1970. Pg 29 ref Problem posing education is the path to critical consciousness. James D. Kirylo , in his book, Paulo Freire The Man from Recife , reiterates Freire s thought, stating that a problem posing education is one where human beings are viewed as conscious beings who are unfinished, yet in process of becoming. Freire s work has its roots in the Constructivism learning theory constructivist theory of learning, and specifically the work of Jean Piaget and John Dewey . The constructivist theory holds that knowledge is constructed by individuals by using their experiences, which is what Freire drew upon in developing his pedagogy. In Pedagogy of the Oppressed Freire writes, blockquote Education as the practice of freedom as opposed to educat ... more details
and the dark face of government paternalism , International journal of advertising , 12, pp303 324. Luik, J.C. 1991 , Government Paternalism and Citizen Rationality. The Justifiability of Banning Tobacco ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
