Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Cleanup date March 2009 Pathogenicity is the ability of a pathogen to produce an infectious disease in an organism. It is often used interchangeably with the term virulence , although virulence is used more specifically to describe the relative degree of damage done by a pathogen, or the degree of pathogenicity caused by an organism. A pathogen is either pathogenic or not, and is determined by the pathogen s ability to produce toxins, its ability to enter tissue and colonize and its ability to spread from host to host. Category Virology Category Microbiology Category Infectious diseases Pathology stub de Pathogenit t es Patogenicidad et Patogeensus he hu Patogenit s ja pl Chorobotw rczo ru ... more details
Refimprove date September 2011 Pathogenicity islands PAIs are a distinct class of genomic island s acquired by microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer . They are incorporated in the genome of pathogenic organisms, but are usually absent from those nonpathogenic organisms of the same or closely related species. These mobile genetic elements may range from 10 200 Kilo base pair kb and encode gene s which contribute to the virulence of the respective pathogen. Typical examples are adherence factors, toxin s, iron uptake systems, invasion factors and secretion systems. Pathogenicity islands are discrete genetic units flanked by direct repeats, insertion sequences or tRNA genes, which act as sites for recombination into the DNA. Cryptic mobility genes may also be present, indicating the provenance as transduction. One species of bacteria may have more than one PAI i.e. Salmonella has at least 5 . They are transferred through horizontal gene transfer events such as transfer by a plasmid , bacteriophage phage , or conjugative transposon . An analogous genomic structure in rhizobia is termed a symbiosis island. Properties Pathogenicity islands PAIs carry genes encoding one or more virulence ... on a bacterial chromosome or may be transferred within a plasmid . The GC content of pathogenicity islands often differs from that of the rest of the genome ref Hacker J, Kaper JB., Pathogenicity islands ... doi 10.1111 j.1574 6968.2001.tb10927.x pdf Structural and sequence diversity of the pathogenicity ... pathogenicity island I has genes regulating iron uptake and storage. Salmonella SP1 and SP2 sites Rhodococcus equi virulence plasmid pathogenicity island encodes virulence factors for proliferation in macrophages. The SaPI family of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands, mobile genetic elements ... pathogenicity islands in Staphylococcus aureus. journal Molecular microbiology date 1998 Jul ... BacBix3 BACdef.htm BAC definition of pathogenicity Category Microbiology Category Genetics Category ... more details
Hemagglutininesterase is a protein of the Viral envelope envelope of some virus es. Its function is related with the pathogenicity of the virus and with its interaction with the host. It may help the virus bind and enter the mucus layer of the Intestine intestinal way. External links MeshName hemagglutinin esterase Category Viral enzymes enzyme stub virus stub ... more details
LEE may refer to Law Enforcement Exploring Locus of Enterocyte Effacement , a pathogenicity island Leesburg International Airport s IATA airport code Lee s Summit Amtrak station s Amtrak station code Lake Erie and Eastern Railroad s reporting mark, an List of Ohio railroads Ohio railroad See also Lee disambiguation disambig ... more details
SAPI may stand for Speech Application Programming Interface , an API produced by Microsoft for Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis Server Application Programming Interface , an API used by PHP to interface with Web Servers Small Arms Protective Insert , a military ballistic protection system Syst m automatick ho po izov n informac system for automatic gathering of information SAPI 1 , a computer produced in former Czechoslovakia by Tesla Network Service Access Point Identifier , an identifier used in GPRS cellular data networks. A nickname for the name Sapna found in the Hindi language. Usage has been documented in North Eastern Ohio SaPI , a family of Pathogenicity island pathogenicity islands found in Staphylococcus aureus Disambig ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 The locus of enterocyte effacement LEE is a moderately conserved pathogenicity island consisting of 35,000 base pairs in the bacteria Escherichia coli genome. The LEE encodes the Type III secretion system and associated chaperones and effector proteins responsible for attaching and effacing AE lesions in the large intestine. These proteins include intimin , Tir , EspC , EspF , EspH , and Map protein . The LEE has a 38 G C ratio. Category Cell biology cell biology stub ... more details
Molecular Koch s postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen. Genes that satisfy molecular Koch s postulates are often referred to as virulence factors. The postulates were formulated by the microbiologist Stanley Falkow in 1988 and are based on Koch s postulates . ref Falkow S 1988 . Molecular Koch s postulates applied to microbial pathogenicity. Rev Infect Dis 10 suppl 2 S274 S276. ref The postulates as originally described by Dr. Falkow are as follows The phenotype or property under investigation should be associated with pathogenic members of a genus or pathogenic strains of a species . Additionally, the gene in question should be found in all pathogenic strains of the genus or species but be absent from nonpathogenic strains Citation needed date January 2009 . Specific inactivation of the gene s associated with the suspected virulence trait should lead to a measurable loss in pathogenicity or virulence . Virulence of the microorganism with the inactivated gene must be less than that of the unaltered microorganism in an appropriate animal model. Reversion or allelic replacement of the mutated gene should lead to restoration of pathogenicity. In other words, reintroduction of the gene into the microbe should restore virulence in the animal model. The gene, which causes virulence, must be expressed during infection. Immunity must be protective. For many pathogenic microorganisms, it is not currently possible to apply molecular Koch s postulates to a gene in question. Testing a candidate virulence gene requires a relevant animal model of the disease being examined and the ability to genetically manipulate the microorganism that causes the disease. Suitable animal models are lacking for many important human diseases. Additionally, many pathogens cannot be manipulated genetically. References references Category Epid ... more details
A pathovar is a bacteria l strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics, that is differentiated at infrasubspecific level from other strains of the same species or subspecies on the basis of distinctive pathogenicity to one or more plant hosts. Pathovars are named as a ternary or quaternary addition to the species binomial name, for example the bacterium that causes citrus canker Xanthomonas axonopodis , has several pathovars with different host ranges, X. axonopodis pv. citri is one of them the abbreviation pv. means pathovar. See also Phytopathology External links http www.ag.uidaho.edu bacteriology pathovar.html International standards for naming pathovars Category Bacteria Category Scientific classification Category Plant pathogens and diseases Category Microbiology plant disease stub ca Patovar cs Patovar de Pathovar es Patovar fr Pathovar pl Patovar ... more details
SaPI s Staphylococcus aureus or superantigen pathogenicity island s are a family of mobile genetic element s resident in the genome of some strains of Staphylococcus aureus . ref name Lindsay 1998 cite journal last Lindsay first JA coauthors Ruzin, A, Ross, HF, Kurepina, N, Novick, RP title The gene for toxic shock toxin is carried by a family of mobile pathogenicity islands in Staphylococcus aureus. journal Molecular microbiology date 1998 Jul volume 29 issue 2 pages 527 43 pmid 9720870 ref Much like bacteriophages , SaPIs can be transferred to uninfected cells and integrate into the host chromosome. Unlike the bacterial viruses, however, integrated SaPIs are mobilized by host infection with helper bacteriophages specific SaPIs may require specific helper bacteriophages for mobilization, though Staphylococcus phage 80alpha appears to mobilize all known SaPIs . ref cite journal last Christie first G.E. coauthors Matthews, A.M., King, D.G., Lane, K.D., Olivarez, N.P., Tallent, S.M., Gill, S.R., Novick, R.P. title The complete genomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages 80 and 80 Implications for the specificity of SaPI mobilization journal Virology date 1 November 2010 volume 407 issue 2 pages 381 390 doi 10.1016 j.virol.2010.08.036 ref One particular SaPI, SaPI1, is capsid encapsidated in and exits the host cell in particles assembled from proteins encoded by its helper phage. ref cite journal last Tallent first S. M. coauthors Langston, T. B., Moran, R. G., Christie, G. E. title Transducing Particles of Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity Island SaPI1 Are sic hide y Comprised of Helper Phage Encoded Proteins journal Journal of Bacteriology date 10 August 2007 volume 189 issue 20 pages 7520 7524 doi 10.1128 JB.00738 07 ref Role in pathogenicity SaPIs were found to carry the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin. ref name Lindsay 1998 Other SaPI subtypes have been found to provide host Staphylococcus strains with the ability to coagulate animal host blood plasma ... more details
, and J. A. V zquez Boland. Evolution of the Rhodococcus equi vap pathogenicity island seen through ... than the backbone of the plasmid via lateral gene transfer . Pathogenicity island The variable .... In 12781484 ref . It is believed that this variable region is a pathogenicity island that contains genes that are essential for virulence. br br A hallmark of the pathogenicity island PAI is that many .... Mol.Microbiol 50 1 115 128, 2003. In PMID 14507368 ref . In addition to vapA , the pathogenicity ... pseudo vap genes . The porcine pathogenicity island contains five full length vap genes, including ... of pathogenicity island genes including vapA ref D. A. Russell, G. A. Byrne, E. P. O Connell, C ... of these genes has not yet been established, nor how the proteins encoded within pathogenicity ... Pathogenicity Island Seen through Comparison of Host Associated vapA and vapB Virulence Plasmids ... more details
Taxobox name Tarnished plant bug image tpb7.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hemiptera familia Miridae genus Lygus species L. lineolaris binomial Lygus lineolaris binomial authority Palisot de Beauvois , 1818 The tarnished plant bug TPB is one of the most serious pests of small fruits and vegetables in North America. No truly effective or reliable management options currently exist. Growers routinely make 3 5 applications of insecticides each year to control this insect. The cost is United States dollar 200 500 acre . Considering the narrow profit margin for today s farmers, these costs are significant. The research being conducted at the Entomology Research Laboratory represents the first step towards developing insect killing fungi for management of TPB. Actions taken At the University of Vermont Entomology Laboratory, several proactive steps to eliminate this pest have been taken such as Rearing. A simple method for rearing large numbers of even aged TPB is used to produce hundreds of insects for testing every week. Bioassay procedures. A rapid, reliable and reproducible method to test entomopathogenic fungi for pathogenicity against TPB was developed and tested. Pathogenicity testing. Entomopathogenic fungi from our bank of isolates and from the USDA, ARSEF collection at Cornell University have been screened against 2nd instar TPB. An immersion method is used and mortality data taken periodically. Greenhouse pilot testing. Plans are underway to conduct trials in a greenhouse, and small field plots, to test the efficacy of several formulated, highly pathogenic insect killing fungi against TPB on lettuce. External links http www.uvm.edu entlab University of Vermont Entomology website http entomology.ifas.ufl.edu creatures trees tarnished plant bug.htm tarnished plant bug on the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website Category Miridae Category Agricultural pest insects Category Biolog ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 Taxobox virus group iv familia Tombusviridae genus Tombusvirus Tomato bushy stunt virus is a tombusvirus first reported in tomatoes in 1935. Depending upon the host, TBSV causes stunting of growth, leaf mottling, and deformed or absent fruit. The virus is transmitted manually through the use of contaminated cutting tools. A wide variety of species are affected. The virus is a spherical virus with a triangulation number of T 3, hence has 180 subunits of capsid protein. In 1978, its structure was determined by x ray crystallography by Stephen C. Harrison . The genome of TBSV is a single stranded positive sense RNA of 4800 nucleotides. The virus encodes 5 genes, to express a replicase composed of two proteins P33 and P92 , a capsid protein CP of 42 kilodaltons, as well as P19 and P22. The P22 protein is primarily associated with cell to cell movement. The P19 protein is a pathogenicity factor and also is a suppressor of gene silencing. Category Tomato pathogens and pests Category Viral plant pathogens and diseases virus plant disease stub ... more details
by the VPI pathogenicity island . Bacteriophage CTX CTX also called CTXphi is a filamentous ... volume 57 pages 347 356 year 2005 pmid 15978069 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2958.04676.x ref VPI pathogenicity island The VPI pathogenicity island contains genes involved in the creation of toxin coregulated ... a transposon in structure. The VPI pathogenicity island is composed of two gene clusters the TCP cluster and the ACF cluster. Among the genes of the VPI pathogenicity island, twenty genes have ... encoding a pathogenicity island, a type IV pilus and a phage receptor in cholera bacteria journal ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mycobacterium xenopi regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. xenopi binomial Mycobacterium xenopi binomial authority Schwabacher 1959, ATCC 19250 Mycobacterium xenopi is a slow growing scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium . It was first reported by Schwabacher ref SCHWABACHER H. A strain of Mycobacterium isolated from skin lesions of a cold blooded animal, Xenopus laevus, and its relation to atypical acid fast bacilli occurring in man. Journal of Hygiene, 1959, 57, 57 67. ref in 1959, having been isolated in lesion s found on a Xenopus laevis , but the possibility of human infection was not confirmed until 1965. It has low pathogenicity in humans, ref http emedicine.medscape.com article 223480 overview ref and where infections have been found they are closely associated with immunocompromised individuals. Biological type Type strain strain American Type Culture Collection ATCC 19250 CCUG 28011 CCUG 31306 CIP 104035 DSM 43995 NCTC 10042. References reflist SKERMAN V.B.D. , McGOWAN V. and SNEATH P.H.A. editors Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225 420. Mycobacteria Gram positive bacterial diseases Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Category Article Feedback 5 Mycobacterium stub ru Mycobacterium xenopi ... more details
Immunomagnetic separation IMS is a laboratory tool that can efficiently isolate cells out of body fluid or cultured cells. It can also be used as a method of quantifying the pathogenicity of food, blood or feces. DNA analysis have supported the combined use of both this technique and Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR . ref Engstrand, L. and Enroth, H., Journal of Clinical microbiology , vol.33, no.8, August 1995, p. 2162 2165. ref Another laboratory separation tool is the affinity magnetic separation AMS , which is more suitable for the isolation of prokaryotic cells. ref http www.hyglos.de en products services products bacteria capture kits.html Affinity magnetic separation of Listeria spp and Escherichia coli O157 Bacteria Capture Kit ref Technique Antibodies coating paramagnetism paramagnetic beads will bind to antigens present on the surface of cells thus capturing the cells and facilitate the concentration of these bead attached cells. The concentration process is created by a magnet placed on the side of the test tube bringing the beads to it. References Reflist Source references Category Laboratory techniques Category Molecular biology biochem stub de Immunomagnetische Separation ... more details
italic title Context date October 2009 Taxobox name Mycobacterium duvalii regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. duvalii binomial Mycobacterium duvalii binomial authority Stanford and Gunthorpe 1971, ATCC 51304 Mycobacterium duvalii Description Gram positive, nonmotile and pleomorphic acid fast rods. Colony characteristics Bright yellow pigmented, scotochromogenic and rough or smooth colonies on L wenstein Jensen medium. Physiology Fast growth on L wenstein Jensen medium at 25 C and 37 C within 7 days. No growth at 45 C. Resistant to isoniazid , rifampicin , and sodium aminosalicylate . Differential characteristics Characterised by the possession of 6 species specific antigens demonstrable in immunodiffusion tests. Pathogenicity. Pathogenesis Not pathogenic, but evidence insufficient. Biosafety level 1. Type strain First isolated from cases of human leprosy by C. W. Duval. Strain ATCC 43910 CCUG 41352 CIP 104539 DSM 44244 JCM 6396 NCTC 358. References reflist Stanford, J. et al. 1971. A study of some fast growing scotochromogenic mycobacteria including species descriptions of Mycobacterium gilvum new species and Mycobacterium duvalii new species . British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 52, 627 637. PMID 5002706 Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Duvalii Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub ... more details
italic title Context date October 2009 Taxobox name Mycobacterium gadium regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. gadium binomial Mycobacterium gadium binomial authority Casal and Calero 1974, ATCC 27726 Mycobacterium gadium Description Short gram positive , nonmotile and acid fast rods. Colony characteristics Yellow orange, scotochromogenic Colony biology colonies , but the pigmentation deepens with exposure to light. Older cultures are more dry and rough. Physiology Rapid growth on L wenstein Jensen medium at 28 C and 37 C, but not at 45 C. Pathogenesis Pathogenicity in humans is not known. Production of a local regressing infection but no death in mice . Biosafety level 1 Type strain First isolated from known tuberculous patient from Cadiz , Spain . Strain American Type Culture Collection ATCC 27726 CCUG 37515 CIP 105388 DSM 44077 HAMBI 2274 JCM 12688 NCTC 10942. References reflist Casal,M., and J. Calero. 1974. Mycobacterium gadium sp. nov. A new species of rapid growing scotochromogenic mycobacteria. Tubercle, 55, 299 308. PMID 4220083 Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Gadium Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub ... more details
italic title Context date October 2009 Taxobox name Mycobacterium hodleri regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. hodleri binomial Mycobacterium hodleri binomial authority Kleespies et al. 1996, DSM 44183 Mycobacterium hodleri Description Gram positive , nonmotile and acid fast rods 1 m x 1.8 2.3 m . Colony characteristics Scotochromogenic colonies, production of a saffron yellow pigment on Middlebrook 7H10 Agar Middlebrook 7H10 agar and a chrome yellow pigment on Trypticase soy agar . Physiology Fast growth on Middlebrook 7H10 Agar Middlebrook 7H10 and on Trypticase soy agar at temperatures between 18 C and 28 C. Capable of co oxidizing fluoranthene with Polycyclic compound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , including pyrene and anthracene . Pathogenesis Pathogenicity is not known. Biosafety level 1 Type strain First isolated from a fluoranthene contaminated site near J lich, Germany. Strain EMI2 CIP 104909 DSM 44183 JCM 12141 LMG 19253 References reflist Kleespies et al. 1996. Mycobacterium hodleri sp. nov., a new member of the fast growing mycobacteria capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 46, 683 687. Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Hodleri Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mycobacterium kubicae regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. kubicae binomial Mycobacterium kubicae binomial authority Floyd et al. 2000, ATCC 700732 Mycobacterium kubicae Description Gram positive , nonmotile and acid fast rods. Cells are typically rod shaped, with some coccoid forms. Colony characteristics Smooth and domed, with a yellow scotochromogenic pigment on Middlebrook 7H11 agar, film like on L wenstein Jensen media. Physiology Mature growth in 21 days between 33 C and 37 C. Isolates are resistant to amikacin and rifampin Partially resistant to ciprofloxacin , cycloserine , ethambutol , isoniazid , rifabutin and streptomycin , Susceptible to clarithromycin , clofazimine and ethionamide . Pathogenicity. Distribution. Pathogenesis Not known to be associated with disease. Biosafety level unknown Type strain The type strain was isolated from human sputum . Strain ATCC 700732 CDC 941078 CIP 106428 DSM 44627 JCM 13573. References reflist Floyd et al. 2000. Mycobacterium kubicae sp. nov., a slowly growing, scotochromogenic Mycobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50, 1811 1816. Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Kubicae Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub ... more details
Globotriaosylceramide is a ganglioside . ref MeshName globotriaosylceramide ref It is also known as CD77 and Gb3 . It is one of the few cluster of differentiation clusters of differentiation that is not a protein. It is also known as ceramide trihexoside . ref name pmid17073606 cite journal author Bekri S, Lidove O, Jaussaud R, Knebelmann B, Barbey F title The role of ceramide trihexoside globotriaosylceramide in the diagnosis and follow up of the efficacy of treatment of Fabry disease a review of the literature journal Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem volume 4 issue 4 pages 289 97 year 2006 month October pmid 17073606 doi 10.2174 187152506778520718 url http www.bentham direct.org pages content.php?CHAMC 2006 00000004 00000004 002AE.SGM ref It is formed by A4GALT . It is metabolized by Alpha galactosidase . Clinical significance Defects in the enzyme alpha galactosidase lead to the build up of globotriaosylceramide, and this is the cause of Fabry s disease . ref Desnick RJ, Ioannou YA, Eng CM. a Galactosidase A deficiency Fabry disease. In Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, eds. The metabolic & molecular bases of inherited disease. 8th ed. Vol. 3. New York McGraw Hill, 2001 3733 74. ref Globotriaosylceramide is also the one of the targets of Shiga toxin , which is responsible for pathogenicity of Escherichia coli . References reflist biochem stub Sphingolipids Category Glycolipids de Globotriaosylceramide ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol CagZ Name CagZ image PDB 1s2x EBI.jpg width caption crystal structure of cag z from helicobacter pylori Pfam PF09053 Pfam clan InterPro IPR015139 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, CagZ is a protein produced by Helicobacter pylori Campylobacter pylori . It is a 23 kDa protein consisting of a single compact L shaped domain, composed of seven alpha helix alpha helices that run Antiparallel biochemistry antiparallel to each other. 70 of the amino acids are in alpha helix conformation and no beta sheet is present. CagZ is essential for the translocation of the pathogenic protein CagA into host cell biology cell s. ref name pmid15223328 cite journal author Cendron L, Seydel A, Angelini A, Battistutta R, Zanotti G title Crystal structure of CagZ, a protein from the Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity island that encodes for a type IV secretion system journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 340 issue 4 pages 881 9 year 2004 month July pmid 15223328 doi 10.1016 j.jmb.2004.05.016 url ref References reflist InterPro content IPR015139 Category Protein domains ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Streptococcus viridans group image Streptococcus viridans 01.png image width 240px regnum Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Cocci ordo Lactobacillales familia Streptococcaceae genus Streptococcus Viridans Streptococcus is a pseudotaxonomic non Linnaenan term for a large group of commensal Streptococcus streptococcal bacteria that are either Hemolysis microbiology hemolytic , producing a green coloration on blood agar plates hence the name viridans , from Latin v r dis , green , or nonhemolytic. They possess no Lancefield antigens. ref name Sherris cite book author Ryan KJ, Ray CG editors title Sherris Medical Microbiology edition 4th pages 293 4 publisher McGraw Hill year 2004 isbn 0838585299 ref In general, pathogenicity is low. ref MeshName Viridans Streptococci ref Identification Viridans streptococci can be differentiated from Streptococcus pneumoniae using an optochin test, as Viridans streptococci are optochin resistant they also lack either the polysaccharide based Capsule microbiology capsule typical of S. pneumoniae or the Serovar Lancefield antigens of the pyogenic members of the genus . ref name Baron cite book author Patterson MJ chapter Streptococcus title Baron s Medical Microbiology Baron S et al. , eds. edition 4th publisher Univ of Texas Medical Branch year 1996 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mmed.chapter.824 isbn 0 9631172 1 1 ref class wikitable Viridans streptococci Streptococcus pneumoniae Solubility in bile Insoluble Soluble Fermentation of inulin Not a fermenter Fermenter with acid production Sensitivity to optochin Not sensitive Sensitive Pathogenicity to mice Nonpathogenic Pathogenic Quellung test Negative Positive Pathology The organisms are most abundant in the mouth, and one member of the group, Streptococcus mutans S. mutans , is the etiologic agent of dental caries . Others may be involved in other mouth or gingival infections. If they are introduced into the bloodstream, the ... more details
sequence in listeriolysin O essential for Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity journal Science volume ... of expression Listeriolysin O is encoded by the gene hly , which is part of a pathogenicity island called ... Listeria&PAI LIPI 1 Pathogenicity islands in Listeria LIPI 1. State Key Laboratory for Molecular ... more details
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