Infobox language family name PatpatarTolai region New Ireland island New Ireland familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Meso Melanesian languages Meso Melanesian ? fam5 New Ireland languages New Ireland The dozen PatpatarTolailanguages are a group of New Ireland languages spoken on the island of New Ireland island New Ireland in Papua New Guinea . Components A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref found that Minigir, of the Mono Uruava languages , is closer to Kuanua than Kuanua is to the other PatpatarTolailanguages. The Mono Uruava languages will therefore be included here, though the other languages were not evaluated. Siar Lak language Siar Lak Patpatar Minigir Patpatar language Patpatar Kuanua Minigir Kuanua language Kuanua Minigir language Minigir Lunga Lunga, of the Mono Uruava languages The other Mono Uruava languages are Mono language Solomon Islands Mono , Torau language Torau , and Uruava language Uruava . The other traditional PatpatarTolailanguages are Guramalum language Guramalum , Konomala language Konomala , Kandas language Kandas , Label language Label , Ramoaaina language Ramoaaina , Sursurunga language Sursurunga , and Tangga language Tangga .The Tangga language is spoken by about 13 000 people on Tanga and Feni islands and on Sena,Muliama and Varangansau villages in the Tanglamet area of Namatanai. References Reflist Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Meso Melanesian languages ... more details
Infobox Language name Patpatar nativename Gelik familycolor Austronesian states Papua New Guinea region New Ireland Province New Ireland Province speakers 7,000 fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Meso Melanesian languages Meso Melanesian ? fam5 New Ireland languages New Ireland fam6 PatpatarTolailanguagesPatpatarTolai dia1 Pala dia2 Sokirik iso3 gfk Patpatar is an Austronesian language spoken in New Ireland Province in Papua New Guinea . DEFAULTSORT Patpatar Language Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Languages of New Ireland Province Category Meso Melanesian languages Au lang stub fr Patpatar ... more details
date August 2011 meaning The place over there . Unlike many languages in Papua New Guinea, Tolai is a healthy language and not in danger of dying out to Tok Pisin , although even Tolai suffers from ...Instructions for the language info box are at Template talk Language Infobox language name Tolai altname ... Province speakers 61,000 date 1991 speakers2 20,000 Second language L2 speakers ethnicity Tolai people Tolai familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Meso Melanesian languages Meso Melanesian ? fam5 New Ireland languages New Ireland fam6 PatpatarTolailanguagesPatpatarTolai iso3 ksd The Tolai language , or Kuanua , is spoken by the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea , who live on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province. This language is often referred to in the literature as Tolai . However, Tolai is actually ... of East New Britain Kokopo and Rabaul . Tolai is unique in that it has lost the phoneme s , though it is still in use in the closely related languages spoken in South New Ireland island New Ireland . There the word for sun is kesakese . This has been reduced to keake in Tolai. However, with numerous loanwords from English and Tok Pisin having found a permanent home in Tolai, s is gaining acceptance in the language. Classification Tolai belongs to the Oceanic languages Oceanic branch of the Austronesian languages Austronesian language family . The most immediate subgroup is the PatpatarTolai group of languages which also includes Minigir also spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula and Patpatar spoken on New Ireland island New Ireland . Geographic distribution Tolai is spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula in the East New Britain Province of Papua New Guinea. Derived languagesTolai is said to be one of the major substratum languages of Tok Pisin. Some common Tok Pisin vocabulary items that likely come from Tolai or a closely related language include aibika from ibika Hisbiscus manihot br buai ... more details
Taxobox image Lepus tolai Baikonur 01.jpg status LR lc status system IUCN2.3 name Tolai Hare regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Lagomorpha familia Leporidae genus Hare Lepus subgenus Hare Proeulagus species L. tolai binomial Lepus tolai binomial authority Pallas, 1778 range map Tolai Hare area.png range map caption Tolai Hare range The Tolai Hare Lepus tolai is a species of hare found in Central Asia , Mongolia , and Northern China Northern and Central China . It inhabits semi desert , steppe s, rocky habitats, and forest meadows. It is relatively common, even in areas with heavy human disturbance, due to its fast reproductive rate. File Lepus tolai Baikonur 03.jpg thumb left 180px Young Tolai Hare References http www.iucnredlist.org apps redlist details 41308 0 IUCN Red List Lepus tolai Commons category Lepus tolai Lagomorpha L. Category Lepus lagomorph stub ca Llebre de Tolai es Lepus tolai eu Lepus tolai fr Li vre de Tolai it Lepus tolai kk mrj mt Liebru ta Tolai ms Lepus tolai mhr pt Lepus tolai ru ... more details
The Tolai are the indigenous people of the Gazelle Peninsula and the Duke of York Islands of East New Britain in the Islands Region New Guinea Islands region of Papua New Guinea . They are ethnically close kin to the peoples of adjacent New Ireland island New Ireland and are thought to have migrated to the Gazelle Peninsula in relatively recent times, displacing the Baining people who were driven westwards. The majority of Tolais speak Kuanua as their first language 100,000 . Two other languages are also spoken as first languages Minigir and Bilur , each with approximately 2,000 speakers. The Tolais almost universally define themselves as Christianity Christian and are predominantly Roman Catholic and United Church in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands United Church . Christianity was introduced to the island when Methodist ministers and teachers from Fiji arrived in the New Guinea islands region in 1875. However, in 1878 when some of the tribespeople ate 4 of the missionaries, the England Englishman who led the missionaries, George Brown, directed and took part in a punitive expedition that resulted in a number of Tolais being killed and several villages burnt down. In August 2007, the descendants of Tolai tribespeople who ate a Fijian minister and 3 Fijian teachers in 1878 publicly apologized for the incident to Fiji s High Commissioner, Ratu Isoa Tikoca. The apology was accepted. At the event, Papua New Guinea s Governor General Paulias Matane told the crowd he appreciated the work of the early Fijian missionaries in spreading Christianity in the islands region. http www.news.com.au dailytelegraph story 0,22049,22254565 5006506,00.html Notwithstanding the Christianization of the Tolais for more than a century, old beliefs and traditions still persist, e.g. the belief ... and even today, if a Tolai boy and a Tolai girl from the same moiety fall in love, their only ... Guinea Unreferenced date September 2007 de Tolai es Tol i fr Tolai ... more details
Georgia languages. The database study also suggested the unity of the Nehan Bougainville languages Piva Bannoni and Nehan North Bougainville as a separate branche, and that the Mono Uruavan languages may be in the PatpatarTolailanguagesPatpatarTolai branch. Notes Reflist References cite book ... Georgia languages form a group on their own, with the Santa Isabel languages being the most divergent ... and the Austronesian languages of Western Melanesia publisher Pacific Linguistics location Canberra ... Group eltda projects materials in northwest solmonic languages Materials in Northwest Solmonic languages Solomon Islands and Bougainville . University of Newcastle, Australia. Category Languages of the Solomon ... more details
Infobox language family name New Ireland altname reduced region New Ireland island New Ireland familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Meso Melanesian languages Meso Melanesian ? fam5 Core Meso Melanesian map New Ireland Languages.jpg mapcaption The New Ireland languages are a group of the Meso Melanesian languages . They are largely spoken on the island of New Ireland island New Ireland in Papua New Guinea . Composition A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref removed the Northwest Solomonic languages Northwest Solomonic and Nehan Bougainville languages Nehan Bougainville languages from the traditional New Ireland family, but fully supported the unity of the remainder of the languages that were considered. These are Lavongai Nalik languages Mandara language Mandara Tabar Patpatar Tolai languages Madara is conventionally included within Lavongai Nalik, but the 2008 analysis only supported this classification at a 60 confidence level. Not considered in the 2008 analysis were the following traditional branches Madak languages Barok language Barok , Lavatbura Lamusong language Lavatbura Lamusong , Madak language Madak Tabar languages Lihir language Lihir , Notsi language Notsi Tomoip language Tomoip References Reflist Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Languages of the Solomon Islands Category Meso Melanesian languages au lang stub fr Langues de Nouvelle Irlande hr Novoirski jezici ... more details
fam2 Paiwanic languages Paiwanic ? fam3 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian MP fam4 Nuclear Malayo Polynesian languages Nuclear MP fam5 Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages Central Eastern protoname Proto Oceanic language Proto Oceanic child1 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic child2 Admiralty Island languages Admiralty Islands child3 Meso Melanesian languages Meso Melanesian ? child4 Temotu languages Temotu child5 Southern Oceanic languages Southern Oceanic child6 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific child7 Micronesian languages Micronesian map Oceanic languages.svg ... Polynesian The black ovals at the northwestern limit of Micronesian are the Sunda Sulawesi languages Palauan and Chamorro language Chamorro . The black circles in with the green are offshore Papuan languages. The approximately 450 Oceanic languages are a well established family of Austronesian languages . The area occupied by speakers of these languages includes Polynesia as well as much of Melanesia and Micronesia . Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are spoken by only two million people. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Fijian language Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 ... Fijian language Western Fijian and Kuanua language Kuanua Tolai each have over 100,000 speakers. The protolanguage common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto Oceanic language Proto Oceanic abbr. POc . Classification The Oceanic languages were first shown to be a language ... established family of Austronesian languages. Grammatically, they have been strongly influenced by the Papuan languages of northern New Guinea, but they retain a remarkably large amount of Austronesian ... Melanesian languages with the rest of the Western Oceanic languages , while there was moderate support for grouping it with the erstwhile Central Eastern Oceanic branch. Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic reduced languages of the north coast of New Guinea, perhaps from as far west as Jayapura ... more details
For American languages see Indigenous languages of the Americas Languages of North America Languages of South America Languages of the United States disambig ... more details
Siberian languages may refer to any languages spoken in Siberia, including the Eskimo Aleut languages spoken in Siberia the Mongolic languages spoken in Siberia the Paleosiberian languages the Siberian Turkic languages the Russian dialects spoken in Siberia the Tungusic languages spoken in Siberia the Uralic languages spoken in Siberia disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Many languages are indigenous to Oceania they belong to several families. The Austronesian languages Austronesian family is the most common, found throughout many Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Australia is home to many diverse families of Languages of Australia indigenous languages Pama Nyungan languages Gunwinyguan languages Macro Pama Nyungan languages Southwest Pama Nyungan languages Bunaban languages 2 languages in two branches Daly languages 11 19 languages in four branches, including Murrinh Patha language Murrinh Patha Limilngan languages 2 languages, extinct? Djeragan languages 3 5 languages in two branches Nyulnyulan languages 4 8 languages in one branch Wororan languages 7 12 languages in three branches Indo Pacific languages Andaman languagesLanguages of Papua New Guinea Tasmanian languages Also, the languages of European settlers and colonial powers are common in the region, such as English in Australia and New Zealand , Spanish language Spanish in Easter Island , and French in New Caledonia , etc. There are also creole language creoles formed from the interaction of the European and indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin , Hawaiian Pidgin , Norfuk and Pitkern . See also List of extinct languages of Oceania Navboxes list Languages of Oceania Countries and languages lists DEFAULTSORT Languages Of Oceania Category Languages of Oceania Au lang stub bn ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Awan region Colombia and Ecuador familycolor American fam1 Barbacoan languages Barbacoan sil 904 16 The Awan languages are Barbacoan languages that include the Awa Pit language and the Pasto languages spoken in Ecuador and Colombia . Pasto is extinct. DEFAULTSORT Awan Languages Category Awan languages Category Languages of Ecuador Category Barbacoan languages Category Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas Na lang stub es Lenguas ahuanas mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Bel region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz child1 Astrolabe languages child2 Nuclear Bel languages sil 2324 16 The eight Bel languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea . Components Astrolabe languages Nuclear Bel languages DEFAULTSORT Bel Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
The languages of the Bomberai Peninsula of Indonesian New Guinea fall into several groups West Bomberai languages Papuan, west and south Irarutu language Austronesian, most of the interior North Bomberai languages Austronesian, off the coast Bedoanas Erokwanas languages minor Austronesian languages labeled Bomberai in Ethnologue dab ... more details
Infobox language family name Astrolabe region Madang Province , Papua New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz fam7 Bel languages Bel sil 2325 16 The three Astrolabe languages form a small group of Austronesian languages of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea Awad Bing language Awad Bing , Mindiri language Mindiri , Wab language Wab DEFAULTSORT Astrolabe Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Western Oceanic languages Au lang stub hr Astrolabski jezici ... more details
Infobox language family name Kowan familycolor Papuan region Madang Province fam1 Trans New Guinea fam2 Madang languages Madang fam3 Southern Adelbert Range Kowan sil 2440 16 The Kowan languages are a small family of languages spoken in the Adelbert Range area of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea . The languages are Waskia language Waskia , with 20,000 speakers, and Korak language Korak , with 500. DEFAULTSORT Kowan Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Kowan languages pa lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Mahakam altname Barito Mahakam region south Borneo , Madagascar familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Barito languages Barito The Mahakam or Barito Mahakam languages are a couple closely related Dayak languages Dayak Austronesian languages Austronesian languages of Borneo Ampanang language Ampanang , Tunjung language Tunjung Category Barito languages au lang stub fr Langues barito mahakam hr Mahakam jezici it Lingue barito mahakam mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Banggi region Sabah familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam4 Sabahan languages Sabahan The Banggi languages also Bangay are a pair of languages, Bonggi language Bonggi and Molbog language Molbog , spoken in Sabah on Borneo , on Palawan in the Philippines, and on the islands in between. External links Ethnologue bdg Category Sabahan languages Category Languages of the Philippines Category Article Feedback 5 au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Bekati altname region Borneo ethnicity Bidayuh familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam5 Land Dayak languages Land Dayak Bekati is a group of Bidayuh Dayak languages of Borneo Bekati language Bekati Bekatiq , Sara language Indonesia Sara , Lara language Lara Rara Category Land Dayak languages Category Languages of Indonesia au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Sabahan altname region Sabah , Borneo familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages centered on the Bornean province of Sabah . Languages The constituents from Blust 1991 mentioned explicitly in Adelaar & Himmelmann 2005 are, Banggi languages Banggi 2 Dusunic languages Dusunic 15 Paitanic languages Paitanic 4 Ida an language Ida an Murutic languages Murutic 7 Tidong languages Tidong 5 A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database fully supported the unity of Murutic languages Murutic and Ida an language Ida an . However, the other branches were not considered. References K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. Routledge, 2005. http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Category Sabahan languages au lang stub fr Langues sabahanes mk ... more details
merge A posteriori languages date April 2011 This is the article about constructed languages. For other uses of the term a priori, see a priori . An a priori language is any constructed language whose vocabulary is not based on existing languages, unlike a posteriori languages a posteriori constructed languages. Examples of a priori languages include Ro language Ro , Solresol , Mirad , Klingon language Klingon , and Na vi language Na vi . By contrast, a posteriori languages are ones whose vocabulary is based on existing languages, either as a variation of one language e.g., Latino sine flexione or as a mixture of various languages. Some a priori languages are designed to be international auxiliary language s that remove what could be considered an unfair learning advantage for native speakers of a source language that would otherwise exist for a posteriori languages. Some a priori languages try to categorize their vocabulary, either to express an underlying philosophy or to make it easier to recognize new vocabulary. These are also known as philosophical language philosophical or taxonomic languages . References Alan Libert, A Priori Artificial LanguagesLanguages of the World 24. Munich Lincom Europa, 2000 . ISBN 3895866679. Constructed languages Category Constructed languages A priori Languages conlang stub eo Apriora lingvo hu A priori nyelvek ja pl J zyki aprioryczne pt L ngua artificial a priori ru simple A priori languages ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In linguistics, Melanesian is an obsolete term referring to the Austronesian languages of Melanesia that is, the Oceanic languages Oceanic , Eastern Malayo Polynesian , or Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages depending on conception clarify date May 2012 apart from Polynesian languages Polynesian and Micronesian languages Micronesian though Fijian languages Fijian was typically included . The Papuan languages were also recognized as distinct. A typical classification of the Austronesian languages ca. 1970 would divide them into something like the following branches Formosan languages Northern AN Hesperonesian languages Western AN Melanesian languages Central Eastern AN Micronesian languages Polynesian languages It is now known that the Melanesian languages do not form a genealogical node they are at best paraphyletic , and very likely polyphyletic . Although the term was at least in the beginning partially racial rather than linguistic, the Melanesian languages arguably refnec share the property of being Austronesian languages that have been most heavily restructured under the influence of various Papuan language families. date May 2012 DEFAULTSORT Melanesian Languages Category Languages lt Melanezie i kalbos pl J zyki melanezyjskie ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Popolocan region Oaxaca , Mexico familycolor American fam1 Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean fam2 Eastern Oto Mangue fam3 Popolocan Zapotecan child1 Chochotec Chocho Popoloca languages Popoloca child2 Ixcatec language Ixcatec a single language child3 Mazatecan languages Mazatecan sil 1874 16 The Popolocan languages are a subfamily of the Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean language family of Mexico , spoken mainly in the state of Puebla . The Popolocan languages should not be confused with the languages called Popoluca spoken in the state of Veracruz , which belong to the unrelated Mixe Zoquean languages Mixe Zoquean language family. The term comes from the Nahuatl language and means to speak unintelligibly, which is why Nahuatl speakers called several different unrelated languages Popol ca . The Nahuatl term was later adopted by the Spanish. The convention now is that the Oto Manguean languages are referred to as Popoloca and the Mixe Zoquean languages are referred to as Popoluca , although the latter term is falling into disuse. The Popolocan languages are subdivided into the Chocho Popolocan languages, including the Chocho language and seven distinct varieties of Popoloca languages Popoloca . the Ixcatec language the Mazatecan languages including a number of related languages called Mazatec External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 1874 16 Ethnologue report for Popolocan Category Popolocan languages Category Endangered Oto Manguean languages Na lang stub br Yezho popolokanek fr Langues popolocas ... more details
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