ForensicScience image Blood vessels in the human arm.png Vein matching , also called vascular technology , ref name WP 20110120 report cite news last Finn first Peter url http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn content article 2011 01 19 AR2011011907114.html title Report Top al Qaeda figure killed Pearl newspaper The Washington Post date January 20, 2011 accessdate January 21, 2011 ref is a technique of biometrics biometric forensic identification identification through the analysis of the patterns of blood vessel s visible from the surface of the skin. ref name ABC 20110120 murder cite news last Blackburn first Bradley url http abcnews.go.com US report justice served murder daniel pearl story?id 12721909 title Report Says Justice Not Served in Murder of Daniel Pearl, Wall Street Journal Reporter publisher ABC News pages 1 2 date January 20, 2011 accessdate January 20, 2011 ref Though used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency , ref name CNN 20110120 confession cite news last Cratty first Carol url http www.cnn.com 2011 WORLD asiapcf 01 20 pakistan.daniel.pearl.execution title Photos of hands backed up Pearl slaying confession, report finds publisher ..., 2011 ref Commercial applications Vascular vein pattern recognition VPR technology has been developed ... running across his hand. ref name Wired 20110120 implicate The FBI and the CIA used the matching ... and used vein matching evidence to bolster their case. ref name ABC 20110120 murder Other applications Some US hospitals, such as NYU Langone Medical Center , use a vein matching system called PatientSecure ... title Palm Vein Extraction and Matching for Personal Authentication journal Lecture Notes in Computer ... Recognition Based on Tri value Template Fuzzy Matching work Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International ... citation.cfm?id 1656145 title A new palm vein matching method based on ICP algorithm work International ... hausdorff distance with minutiae feature matching at TheFreeLibrary.com The Free Library http treesaver.publicintegrity.org ... more details
File Histogram matching.PNG thumb 250px An example of histogram matching Histogram matching is a method in image processing of color mapping color adjustment of two images using the image Image histogram histograms . It is possible to use histogram matching to balance detector responses as a relative detector calibration technique. It can be used to normalize two images, when the images were acquired at the same local illumination such as shadows over the same location, but by different sensors, atmospheric conditions or global illumination. The algorithm Given two images, the reference and the adjusted images, we compute their histograms. Following, we calculate the Cumulative distribution function cumulative functions of the two images histograms math F 1 , math for the reference image and math F 2 , math for the target image. Then for each gray level math G 1 in 0,255 math , we find the gray level math G 2 , math for which math F 1 G 1 F 2 G 2 , math , and this is the result of histogram matching function math M G 1 G 2 , math . Finally, we apply the function math M , math on each pixel of the reference image. See also Histogram equalization Image histogram Color mapping Category Image processing photo stub it Histogram matching ... more details
Force matching is a research method consisting of test subjects attempting to produce a force that is equal to a set reference force. Protocol A subject s maximum voluntary contraction MVC is recorded and used to normalize both reference forces and results between subjects. sfn Kilbreath Gandevia 1993 During the test subjects are assisted in producing a reference force using various types of feedback static weight or visual display of force generated . This is followed by an attempt of the subject to generate the reference force without assistance. The duration for both reference and matching tasks is usually four seconds. Results are taken as a mean value of force generated over a time interval set by the researcher. Time intervals are generally one second long and near the end of the attempt. Reference forces are typically set as a percentage of a subject s MVC while error is typically reported as a percentage of a subject s MVC. Applications Force matching has been used by researchers do describe the accuracies of muscle contractions under various conditions. It has been observed that the thumb is more accurate in force matching than fingers are. sfn Kilbreath Gandevia 1993 Impairment of the extensor pollicis longus has not produced a decrease in force matching accuracy of the flexor pollicis longus . sfn Kilbreath Gandevia Wirianski Hewitt 1995 Notes Reflist References Citation last Kilbreath first S. L. last2 Gandevia first S. C. date December 1993 title Neural and biomechanical specializations of human thumb muscles revealed by matching weights and grasping objects journal Journal of Physiology volume 472 pages 537 556 pmid 8145159 Citation last Kilbreath first S. L. last2 Gandevia first2 S. C. last3 Wirianski first3 A. last4 Hewitt first4 B date 15 December 1995 title Human flexor pollicis longus Role of peripheral inputs in weight matching journal Neuroscience Letters volume 201 issue 3 pages 203 206 doi 10.1016 0304 3940 95 12179 X pmid 8786840 Category Research ... more details
Matching is a statistical technique which is used to evaluate the effect of a treatment by comparing the treated and the non treated in non experimental design when the treatment is not randomly assigned . People use this technique with observational data ie non experimental data . The idea is to find for any treated unit a similar non treated unit with similar observable characteristics. By matching them and looking at their average difference, one can evaluate under some conditions the pure effect of being treated. This is one way to identify the Rubin Causal Model Rubin Potential Outcome model if there is selection on observable characteristics in the treatment. Matching has been promoted by Donald Rubin . ref cite journal title The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects author PR Rosenbaum author2 DB Rubin journal Biometrika year 1983 ref It has been discredited by LaLonde in 1986. ref cite journal last LaLonde first Robert J. title Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data journal The American Economic ... experimental estimates with matching methods and show that matching methods are biased in this case. Dehejia and Wahba reevalutes LaLonde s critique and show that matching is a good solution. ref ... matched pairs for paired difference testing is an example of a general approach for using matching ... last Rubin first Donald B. title Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies journal Biometrics ..., Grouping and Matching last Anderson first Dallas W. coauthors Kish, Leslie Cornell, Richard ... 4615774 ref ref cite journal doi 10.2307 2530417 title Matching in Epidemiologic Studies Validity ... 291 jstor 2530417 pmid 7272415 ref Overmatching Overmatching is matching for an apparent confounder ... dose response effects an example of over matching. Marsh JL, Hutton JL, Binks K. PMID 12169512 ref For example, matching the control group by gestation length and or the number of multiple birth s when ... more details
NOTOC Infobox film name Matching Dreams image caption director B. Reeves Eason producer American Film Manufacturing Company writer starring Sylvia Ashton music cinematography editing distributor Mutual Film released film date 1916 01 03 runtime country Film US language Silent film Silent br English intertitles budget Matching Dreams is a 1916 short film short comedy film produced by the American Film Manufacturing Company , released by Mutual Film and directed by B. Reeves Eason . ref name silentera cite web url http www.silentera.com PSFL data M MatchingDreams1916.html title Progressive Silent Film List Matching Dreams accessdate 2010 08 19 work Silent Era ref Cast Sylvia Ashton Jimsy Maye Vivian Rich Gayne Whitman as Alfred Vosburgh References reflist External links imdb title id 0809151 title Matching Dreams Category 1916 films Category 1910s comedy films Category American films Category American comedy films Category Black and white films Category Films directed by B. Reeves Eason Category 1910s short films Category American silent short films Category Mutual Film films silent comedy film stub ... more details
In mathematics , the matching distance ref name dAFrLa06 Michele d Amico, Patrizio Frosini, Claudia Landi, Using matching distance in Size Theory a survey , International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 16 5 154 161, 2006. ref ref name dAFrLa10 Michele d Amico, Patrizio Frosini, Claudia Landi, Natural pseudo distance and optimal matching between reduced size functions , Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, 109 2 527 554, 2010. ref is a metric mathematics metric on the space of size function s. Image DistMatchWiki1.png thumb 500px Example The matching distance between math ell 1 r a b math and math ell 2 r a math is given by math d text match ell 1, ell 2 max delta r,r , delta b,a , delta a, Delta 4 math The core of the definition of matching distance is the observation that the information contained in a size function can be combinatorially stored in a formal series of lines and points of the plane, called respectively size function cornerlines and size function cornerpoints . Given two size functions math ell 1 math and math ell 2 math , let math C 1 math resp. math C 2 math be the multiset of all cornerpoints and cornerlines for math ell 1 math resp. math ell 2 math counted with their multiplicities, augmented by adding a countable infinity of points of the diagonal math x,y in R 2 x y math . The matching distance between math ell 1 math and math ell 2 math is given by math d text match ell 1, ell 2 min sigma max p in C 1 delta p, sigma p math where math sigma math varies among all the bijections between math C 1 math and math C 2 math and math delta left x,y , x ,y right min left max x x , y y , max left frac y x 2 , frac y x 2 right right . math Roughly speaking, the matching distance math d text match math between two size functions is the minimum, over all the matchings ... of math delta math implies that matching two points of the diagonal has no cost. References ... DEFAULTSORT Matching Distance Category Topology ... more details
about the two person game the confidence trick coin matching game Payoff matrix Name Matching pennies 2L Heads 2R Tails 1U Heads UL 1, 1 UR 1, 1 1D Tails DL 1, 1 DR 1, 1 Matching pennies is the name for a simple example game used in game theory . It is the two strategy game theory strategy equivalent of Rock, Paper, Scissors . Matching pennies is used primarily to illustrate the concept of mixed strategy mixed strategies and a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium . The game is played between two players, Player A and Player B. Each player has a penny and must secretly turn the penny to heads or tails. The players then reveal their choices simultaneously. If the pennies match both heads or both tails Player A keeps both pennies, so wins one from Player B 1 for A, 1 for B . If the pennies do not match one heads and one tails Player B keeps both pennies, so receives one from Player A 1 for A, 1 for B . This is an example of a zero sum game , where one player s gain is exactly equal to the other player s loss. The game can be written in a payoff matrix pictured right . Each cell of the matrix shows the two players payoffs, with Player A s payoffs listed first. This game has no pure strategy Nash equilibrium since there is no pure strategy heads or tails that is a best response to a best response ... http www.gametheory.net dictionary Games Matchingpennies.html title Matching Pennies publisher GameTheory.net ... strategies are depicted on the figure 1 below Image Reaction correspondence matching pennies.jpg 500px thumbnail center Figure 1. Best response correspondences for players in the matching pennies game ... of second and vice versa. The matching pennies game is mathematically equivalent to the games ... players might not faithfully apply the equilibrium strategy, especially if matching pennies is played ... analysis of penalty kick s in soccer a high stakes real world situation that closely resembles the matching ... ref References references Game theory Category Game theory de Unberechenbarkeit Spieltheorie it Matching ... more details
In graph theory and combinatorics , both fields within mathematics, a matching polynomial sometimes called an acyclic polynomial is a generating function of the numbers of Matching graph theory matching s of various sizes in a graph. Definition Several different types of matching polynomials have been defined. Let G be a graph with n vertices and let m sub k sub be the number of k edge matchings. One matching polynomial of G is math m G x sum k geq0 m k x k. math Another definition gives the matching polynomial as math M G x sum k geq0 1 k m k x n 2k . math A third definition is the polynomial math mu G x,y sum k geq0 m k x k y n 2k . math Each type has its uses, and all are equivalent by simple transformations. For instance, math M G x x n m G x 2 math and math mu G x,y y n m G x y 2 . math Connections to other polynomials The first type of matching polynomial is a direct generalization of the rook polynomial . The second type of matching polynomial has remarkable connections with orthogonal polynomials . For instance, if G K sub m , n sub , the complete bipartite graph , then the second type of matching polynomial is related to the generalized Laguerre polynomial L sub ... polynomial or Lucas polynomial respectively. Complementation The matching polynomial of a graph ... of a molecular graph. It may be evaluated as m sub G sub 1 harv Gutman 1991 . The third type of matching ... in chemistry . Computational complexity On arbitrary graphs, or even planar graph s, computing the matching ... efficiently when additional structure about the graph is known. In particular, computing the matching ... polynomial in n with an exponent that does not depend on k harv Courcelle Makowsky Rotics 2001 . The matching ... Ars Combinatoria pages 221 228 title The matching polynomial and its relation to the acyclic polynomial ... pages 91 103 title Complementary matching vectors and the uniform matching extension property volume 2 year 1981 . Category Algebraic graph theory Category Matching ... more details
Optimal matching is a sequence analysis method used in social science, to assess the dissimilarity of ordered arrays of tokens that usually represent a time ordered sequence of socio economic states two individuals have experienced. Once such distances have been calculated for a set of observations e.g. individuals in a cohort statistics cohort classical tools such as cluster analysis can be used. The method was tailored to social sciences ref A. Abbott and A. Tsay, 2000 http smr.sagepub.com cgi content abstract 29 1 3 Sequence Analysis and Optimal Matching Methods in Sociology Review and Prospect Sociological Methods & Research , Vol. 29, 3 33. doi 10.1177 0049124100029001001 ref from a technique originally introduced to study molecular biology protein or genetic sequences see sequence alignment . Optimal matching uses the Needleman Wunsch algorithm . Algorithm Let math S s 1, s 2, s 3, ldots s T math be a sequence of states math s i math belonging to a finite set of possible states. Let us denote math mathbf S math the sequence space, i.e. the set of all possible sequences of states. Optimal matching algorithms work by defining simple operator algebras that manipulate sequences, i.e. a set of operators math a i mathbf S rightarrow mathbf S math . In the most simple approach, a set ... matching techniques. As was pointed out by several authors see for example ref L. L. Wu. 2000 http smr.sagepub.com cgi content refs 29 1 41 Some Comments on Sequence Analysis and Optimal Matching ... 0049124100029001003 ref , the main problem in the application of optimal matching concerns the definition of the costs math c a i math . Optimal matching in causal modelling Optimal matching is also a term ... . In this context it refers to matching cases with controls , and is completely separate from ... a package to run optimal matching analysis. http mephisto.unige.ch traminer TraMineR is an open source ... optimal matching analysis. References and notes references Category Data mining Category Statistical ... more details
Expert subject statistics date November 2008 File Matching pursuit.png thumb right 350px Signal reconstruction with matching pursuit algorithm. Matching pursuit is a type of numerical technique which involves finding the best matching projections of multidimensional data onto an over complete dictionary ... a n math a weighting factor an amplitude for each atom. Given a fixed dictionary, matching pursuit will first .... Zhang, doi inline 10.1109 78.258082 Matching Pursuits with Time Frequency Dictionaries , IEEE Transactions ... that is known from that time as Matching Pursuit. The algorithm iteratively generates for any ... math gamma n math and math a n math is denoted math Rf n 1 math . algorithm begin name Matching Pursuit ... end The concept of matching pursuit in signal processing is related to statistical projection ... decay is exponential. Applications Matching pursuit has already been applied into applications that include ... 10.1109 ICIP.1995.529037 Matching pursuit of images , In Proc. International Conference on Image Processing ... 10.1109 76.554427 Very low bit rate video coding based on matching pursuits , IEEE Transactions on Circuits ... ref name Mendels2006 F. Mendels, P. Vandergheynst, and J.P. Thiran. Matching pursuit based shape ... Sparse spike coding in an asynchronous feed forward multi layer neural network using Matching Pursuit. Neurocomputing, Vol. 57C, 2002, pp. 125 34 ref . The main problem with Matching Pursuit is the computational ... Lin2007 Jian Liang Lin, Wen Liang Hwang, and Soo Chang Pei. Fast matching pursuit video coding by combining ... Technology, 17 12 1679 1689, 2007. ref . The Matching Pursuit algorithm is also used in dictionary ... The first extension of Matching Pursuit MP is its orthogonal version Orthogonal Matching Pursuit ref Orthogonal Matching Pursuit recursive function approximation with application to wavelet decomposition ...., 1993 ref ref Adaptive time frequency decompositions with matching pursuits , G. Davis, S. Mallat ... signals. Matching pursuit is related to the field of compressed sensing and has been extended by researchers ... more details
Refimprove date April 2009 Fuzzy matching is a technique used in computer assisted translation and some other information technology applications such as record linkage . It works with matches that may be less than 100 perfect when finding correspondences between segments of a text and entries in a database of previous translations. It usually operates at Sentence linguistics sentence level segments, but some translation technology allows matching at a phrase phrasal level. It is used when the translator is working with translation memory TM . Background When an exact match cannot be found in the TM database for the text being translated, there is an option to search for a match that is less than exact the translator sets the threshold of the fuzzy match to a percentage value less than 100 , and the database will then return any matches in its memory corresponding to that percentage. Its primary function is to assist the translator by speeding up the translation process fuzzy matching is not designed to replace the human translator. History Because of the polymorphous and dynamic nature of language , particularly English language English which accounts for 90 of all source texts undergoing translation in the localisation industry Citation needed date May 2010 , methods are always being sought to make the translation process easier and faster. Since the late 1980s, translation memory tools have been developed to increase productivity and make the whole translation process faster for the translator. In the 1990s, fuzzy matching began to take off as a prominent feature of TM tools, and despite some issues concerning the extra work involved in editing a fuzzy match proposal , it is still a popular subset of TM. It is currently a feature of most popular TM tools. Methodology ... source text that is undergoing translation. In this way, fuzzy matching can speed up the translation ... a faster translation process and the quality of that translation. Nevertheless, fuzzy matching ... more details
In electronics , impedance matching is the practice of designing the input impedance of an electrical ... of impedance matching was originally developed for electrical engineering , but can be applied to any .... An alternative to impedance matching is impedance bridging , where the load impedance is chosen ... is negligible. Reflection less matching Impedance matching to minimize reflections is achieved ... should be purely resistive in this special case reflection less matching is the same as maximum power transfer matching. A transmission line connecting the source and load together must also be the same ... . Complex conjugate matching Complex conjugate matching is used when maximum power transfer is required. This is different from reflection less matching only when the source or load have a reactive ... has a reactive component, but the electrical load load is purely resistive then matching can be achieved by adding a reactance of the opposite sign to the load. This simple matching network ... matching is not always necessary. For example, if a source with a low impedance is connected ... for greatest accuracy. Strictly speaking, impedance matching only applies when both source and load devices are linearity linear however, matching may be obtained between nonlinear devices within certain operating ranges. anchor Impedance matching devices Impedance matching devices Adjusting the source impedance or the load impedance, in general, is called impedance matching . There are three ways to improve an impedance mismatch, all of which are called impedance matching Devices intended to present ... matching . Given a source with a fixed voltage and fixed source impedance, the maximum power theorem ... an apparent load of R sub load sub R sub line sub complex impedance matching , to avoid ... matching at the end of the transmission line is the only way to avoid reflecting echoes back ... a source of energy and a load that perform impedance matching . To match electrical impedances ... more details
refimprove date February 2011 The matching hypothesis also known as the matching phenomenon is a social psychology theory, first proposed by Elaine Hatfield and her colleagues in 1966, ref name wal1966 Walster, E., Aronson, V., Abrahams, D., & Rottman, L. 1966 . Importance of physical attractiveness in dating behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4 5 , 508 516. ref which suggests why people become attracted to their Significant other partner . It claims that people are more likely to form long standing Intimate relationship relationships with someone who is as equally physically attractive as they are. This is influenced by realistic choices, desire of the match and good probability of obtaining the date. ref name spha09 Hatfield, E. & Sprecher, S. 2009 . Matching hypothesis. In H. T. Reis & S. K. Sprecher Eds. Encyclopedia of human relationships pp. 1065 1067 . New York ... more likely to have continued dating a finding that supports the matching hypothesis. Walster and Walster ... expressed the most liking for each other a finding that supports the matching hypothesis. Murstein ... the matching hypothesis. Photos of 197 couples, mutually exclusive or engaged, were rated in terms .... The matching hypothesis was supported for judgment on photographs and self perception ratings. The study ... for the matching hypothesis didn t come from matching but instead on the tendency of people ... Brown argued for the matching hypothesis, but maintained that it results from a learned sense of what ... others, instead of a fear of rejection. Other Studies Further evidence supporting the matching hypothesis ..., W.G. 1971 . Physical attractiveness and dating choice A test of the matching hypothesis. Journal ... 1986 ref name kaha86 Kalick, S. M., & Hamilton, T. E., III 1986 . The matching hypothesis ... stated that the matching phenomenon of physical attractiveness between marriage partners is stable ... relationships de Matching Hypothese ... more details
Use dmy dates date August 2011 Use Australian English date August 2011 Infobox film name Matching Jack image MatchingJack2010Poster.jpg image size alt caption Australian Poster director Nadia Tass producer ubl Richard Keddie David Parker director David Parker Nadia Tass screenplay ubl Lynne Renew David Parker story Lynne Renew starring ubl Jacinda Barrett James Nesbitt Tom Russell Kodi Smit McPhee Richard Roxburgh music Paul Grabowsky cinematography David Parker editing Mark Warner studio Cascade Films distributor 20th Century Fox released Film date df yes 2010 08 19 runtime 103 minutes country Film Australia language English budget gross Matching Jack is a 2010 Australian drama film directed by Nadia Tass from a screenplay by Lynne Renew and David Parker director David Parker , based on an unfilmed script by Renew entitled Love and Mortar . The film stars Jacinda Barrett as a mother who begins a lengthy search for a bone marrow donor to help her son Tom Russell , who has been diagnosed with Leukemia . James Nesbitt , Kodi Smit McPhee and Richard Roxburgh also star. Matching Jack was produced by Tass and Parker s studio Cascade Films, in association with the film investment agencies Film Victoria and Screen Australia . It was filmed on location in Melbourne in 2009, and premiered ... Film Festival. Matching Jack was also honoured with Cannes Cinephile Prix De Jury Bel Age at the 2011 ... Julia Harari as Young Doctor Release Matching Jack opened at number eight at the Australian box office ... on 28 August 2010. Gonzalez, Miguel 24 August 2010 . http www.encoremagazine.com.au matching jack nadia tass hard to match 4325 Matching Jack Nadia Tass, hard to match . Encore Magazine Focal Attractions ... on 28 August 2010. Industry News 18 May 2011 . http www.encoremagazine.com.au matching jack wins ... blogs cinetopia new releases matching jack salt cairo time four lions 20100819 12s6n.html . The Sydney ... English language films Category Films shot in Melbourne Australia film stub it Matching Jack ... more details
Context date October 2009 The terms schema matching and Data mapping mapping are often used interchangeably. For this article, we differentiate the two as follows database schema Schema matching is the process ... and often not explicated or documented semantics of the two schemas. Impediments to Schema Matching ..., common challenges to automating matching and mapping have been previously classified in ref name ... matching seeks to provide automated support to the process of finding semantic matches between ... is represented synonym using different terms or homonym vice versa Schema Matching Image SurveySchemaMatching.jpg thumb 400px left Figure 2 Classification of schema matching approaches ref name rahm cite conference author Rahm, E. and Bernstein, P title A survey of approaches to automatic schema matching booktitle The VLDB Journal 10, 4 year 2001 ref Comprehensive surveys of automatic schema matching ... or structure level matching combinations of elements that appear together in a structure , these properties are used to identify matching elements in two schemas. Language based or linguistic .... Constraints like zipcodes must be 5 digits long or format of phone numbers may allow matching of such types of instance data. Hybrid matchers directly combine several matching approaches to determine ... information Reusing matching information Another initiative has been to re use previous matching information as auxiliary information for future matching tasks. The motivation for this work is that structures ... of such matching techniques can be classified as being either rule based or learner ... between objects that are identified at the end of a matching process are typically those with set ... matching tools today, some listed in, ref name rahm ref name Kalfoglou and those benchmarked ... library download S04 Dagstuhl Early Work.pdf Early work in schema matching DEFAULTSORT Schema Matching Category Databases ... more details
Semantic matching is a technique used in Computer Science to identify information which is semantically related. Given any two graph like structures, e.g. classifications, database or XML schemas and ontologies, matching is an operator which identifies those nodes in the two structures which semantically correspond to one another. For example, applied to file systems it can identify that a folder labeled car is semantically equivalent to another folder automobile because they are synonyms in English. This information can be taken from a linguistic resource like Wordnet WordNet . In the recent years many of them has been offered. A good survey is represented by http dit.unitn.it p2p RelatedWork Matching JoDS IV 2005 SurveyMatching SE.pdf . http eprints.biblio.unitn.it archive 00000531 01 015.pdf S Match is a good example of semantic matching operator . It works on http eprints.biblio.unitn.it archive 00000967 01 016.pdf lightweight ontologies , namely graph structures where each node is labeled by a natural language sentence, for example in English. These sentences are translated into a formal logical formula according to an artificial unambiguous language codifying the meaning of the node taking into account its position in the graph. For example, in case the folder car is under another folder red we can say that the meaning of the folder car is red car in this case. This is translated into the logical formula red AND car . The output of S Match is a set of semantic correspondences called mappings attached with one of the following semantic relations disjointness , equivalence , more specific and less specific . In our example the algorithm will return a mapping between car and automobile attached with an equivalence relation. Information semantically matched can also be used as a measure of relevance through a mapping of near term relationships. Such use of S Match technology ... mapping of information found in applicant resumes. Semantic matching represents a fundamental technique ... more details
Wiggle matching , also known as carbon&ndash 14 wiggle match dating WMD uses the non linear relationship between Radiocarbon dating sup 14 sup C age and calendar age to match the shape of a series of closely sequentially spaced sup 14 sup C dates with the sup 14 sup C calibration curve. A numerical approach to WMD allows one to assess the precision of WMD chronologies. ref cite journal title Carbon&ndash 14 wiggle match dating of peat deposits advantages and limitations journal Journal of Quaternary Science volume 19 issue 2 pages 177&ndash 181 date 2004 bibcode 2004JQS....19..177B format abstract summary abstract author Blaauw, Maarten van Geel, Bas Mauquoy, Dmitri van der Plicht, Johannes doi 10.1002 jqs.810 ref The method has both advantages and limitations vis a vis the calibration of individual dates. High precision chronologies are needed for studies of rapid climate changes. Alan Millard refers to wiggle matching as a way of dealing with the flat portion of the carbon 14 calibration graph which is known as the Hallstatt plateau ,named after the Hallstatt culture period in central Europe with which it coincides ref Millard, A.R Comment on article by Blackwell and Buck http ba.stat.cmu.edu journal 2008 vol03 issue02 millard.pdf ref . References Reflist Category Dating methods Sci stub ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 rewrite December 2010 Accounting The matching principle is a culmination of accrual accounting and the revenue recognition principle. They both determine the accounting period , in which revenues and expenses are recognized. According to the principle, expenses are recognized when obligations are 1 incurred usually when goods are transferred or services rendered, e.g. sold , and 2 offset against recognized revenues, which were generated from those expenses related on the cause and effect basis , no matter when cash is paid out. In cash accounting in contrast expenses are recognized when cash is paid out, no matter when obligations are incurred through transfer of goods or rendition of services e.g., sale. If no cause and effect relationship exists e.g., a sale is impossible , costs are recognized as expenses in the accounting period they expired i.e., when have been used up or consumed e.g., of spoiled, dated, or substandard goods, or not demanded services . Prepaid expenses are not recognized as expenses, but as assets until one of the qualifying conditions is met resulting in a recognition as expenses. Lastly, if no connection with revenues can be established, costs are recognized immediately as expenses e.g., general administrative and research and development costs . Prepaid expenses, such as employee wages or subcontractor fees paid out or promised, are not recognized as expenses cost of goods sold , but as assets deferred expenses , until the actual products are sold. The matching principle allows better evaluation of actual profitability and performance shows how much was spent to earn revenue , and reduces noise from timing ... according to the matching principle in accrual accounting . Cash can be paid out in an earlier or latter ... according to the matching principle. For example, when the accounting period s are monthly, an 11 ... over its expected life span according to the matching principle. If a machine is bought for 100,000 ... more details
cleanup article date May 2008 Anonymous matching is a matchmaking method facilitated by computer databases, in which each user confidentially selects people they are interested in dating and the computer identifies and reports matches to pairs of users who share a mutual attraction. The purpose is to allow people to initiate romantic relationship s while avoiding the risk of embarrassment , awkwardness, and other negative consequences associated with unwanted romantic overtures and unrequited love rejection . The general concept was patented on September 7, 1999 by David J. Blumberg and DoYouDo chief executive officer Gil S. Sudai, but several websites were already employing the methodology by that date, and thus apparently were allowed to continue using it http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&u netahtml search adv.htm&r 54&f G&l 50&d PTXT&s1 matchmaking&p 2&OS matchmaking&RS matchmaking . United States Patent 5,950,200 points out several potential flaws in traditional courtship and in conventional dating system s in which strangers meet online, promoting anonymous matching of friendship friend s and acquaintance s as a better alternative cquote Human relationships are often fraught with difficulties. In addition, human beings are risk averse. Often, even when two people want to initiate first steps in a relationship, neither person takes action because of shyness , fear of rejection, or other societal pressures or constraints. Various systems exist that help people meet each other. For example, computer dating service s allow people to view video tapes or pictures of prospective partners or to choose common areas of hobbies. Two people are introduced only if both agree with the idea. Unfortunately, in such situations, neither person has actually met the other when they are finally introduced. Neither person has ever met the other, and there is a certain ... Crush meme, and SecretAdmirer.com are examples of anonymous matching services using viral marketing ... more details
Test Pattern may refer to Test Pattern TV series Test Pattern TV series , a Canadian game show Test Pattern album Test Pattern album , an album by Sonia Dada Test pattern or test card, a television test signal Disambig ... more details
structure of the sentence. Pattern recognition algorithms generally aim to provide a reasonable answer for all possible inputs and to do fuzzy matching of inputs. This is opposed to patternmatching ... of a patternmatching algorithm is regular expression matching, which looks for patterns of a given ... processor s. In contrast to pattern recognition, patternmatching is generally not considered a type of machine learning, although patternmatching algorithms especially with fairly general, carefully ... of the patternmatching algorithm. For example, feature extraction algorithms attempt to reduce ... Prior knowledge for pattern recognition Sequence mining Template matching Thin slicing Perception ...Other uses In machine learning , pattern recognition is the assignment of a label to a given input value. An example of pattern recognition is classification machine learning classification , which attempts ... email is spam or non spam . However, pattern recognition is a more general problem that encompasses ... by pattern recognition algorithms. Pattern recognition is studied in many fields, including psychology ... science . Overview Pattern recognition is generally categorized according to the type of learning ... common pattern recognition algorithms are probabilistic in nature, in that they use statistical ... output, probabilistic pattern recognition algorithms can be more effectively incorporated ... supervised version Formally, the problem of supervised learning supervised pattern recognition ... on a typical test set. For a probabilistic pattern recognizer, the problem is instead to estimate ... was automatically detected by special software. Within medical science, pattern recognition is the basis ... Binarization and cleanup of handwritten text from carbon copy medical form images journal Pattern ... of pattern recognition that deals with digital images as input to pattern recognition systems. ref name duda2001 Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart , David G. Stork 2001 Pattern classification 2nd edition ... more details
Cracking pattern may refer to Cracking pattern engineering , the fracture surfaces of materials Cracking pattern painting , the fine pattern of dense cracking formed on the surface of paintings disambig ... more details
The Pattern is an inscribed labyrinth which gives the multiverse its order in The Chronicles of Amber . The Pattern may also refer to The Pattern band , an American punk garage rock band The Pattern Fringe The Pattern Fringe , a series of occurrences in the television series Fringe See also Pattern disambiguation disambig ... more details
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