In genealogy , pedigreecollapse describes how reproduction between two individuals who knowingly or unknowingly share an ancestor causes the number of distinct ancestors in the family tree of their offspring to be smaller than it could otherwise be. Robert C. Gunderson coined the term which is also known by the German term Ahnenschwund loosely translated loss of lineage . How it works Without pedigreecollapse, a person s ancestor tree is a binary tree , formed by the person, the parents 2 , the grandparents 4 , great grandparents 8 , and so on. However, the number of individuals in such a tree exponential growth grows exponentially and will eventually become impossibly high. For example, a single individual alive today would, over 30 generations going back to the High Middle Ages , have math 2 30 math or roughly a billion ancestors, more than the total world population at the time. ref name River Out of Eden See the chapter All Africa and her progenies in cite book first Richard last Dawkins authorlink Richard Dawkins title River Out of Eden publisher Basic Books location New York year ... is pedigreecollapse. It collapses the ancestor tree into a directed acyclic graph . In some cultures ... in a reduced gene pool in which most individuals were the result of extensive pedigreecollapse ... disease as the direct result of pedigreecollapse. The last Habsburg King of Spain, Charles II of Spain ... grandparents was between first cousins. The maximum pedigreecollapse of 50 within a single generation ... thus procreation between parents and children would result in less pedigreecollapse than procreation ... islands represent extreme examples of pedigreecollapse, but the common historical tendency to marry ... top Pedigree of Alfonso XII of Spain width 100 collapsed yes center ahnentafel compact5 style ... zeloph.htm Very difficult puzzle based on Alphonso XII s official pedigree DEFAULTSORT PedigreeCollapse Category Genealogy Category Incest Category Kinship and descent Category Marriage Category ... more details
wiktionary Pedigree can refer to the lineage or genealogical descent of people, whether documented or not, or of animals, whether purebred or not. This can include Concepts and documents Pedigree chart , a document to record ancestry, used by genealogists in study of human family lines, and in selective breeding of animals Pedigreed animals or purebred s Plant breeding Sometimes referred to as pedigreePedigree law Other Pedigree Petfoods , a company that manufactures pet food Marston s Pedigree , an English ale The Pedigree , a professional wrestling manoeuvre popularised by WWE wrestler Triple H disambig de Pedigree fr Pedigree homonymie it Pedigree ... more details
selfref To see how to collapse on Wikipedia, see Help Collapsing selfref To see how u not u to collapse on Wikipedia, see WP WIKIBREAK wiktionary collapseCollapse may refer to Collapse, the action a collapsible or telescoping object does Collapse medical Collapse sports Collapse structural Cave in is a kind of structural collapseCollapse of the World Trade Center , a 2001 event Collapse topology , a mathematical concept Wave function collapse , in physics Societal collapse Dissolution of the Soviet Union , the collapse of Soviet federalism tocright Entertainment Film and literature Collapse How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed , a book by Jared M. Diamond Collapse film Collapse film , a documentary directed by Chris Smith and starring Michael Ruppert Collapse journal Collapse journal , a journal of philosophical research and development published in the United Kingdom Music Collapse album Collapse album , a 2006 album by the American metalcore band Across Five Aprils Collapse , a song by Soul Coughing from their 1996 album Irresistible Bliss Collapse , a song by Sparta from their 2002 album Wiretap Scars Collapse , a song by Imperative Reaction from their 2006 album As We Fall Collapse , a song by Saosin from their 2006 album Saosin album Saosin Collapse , a 2006 album by Deas Vail Video games Collapse , a 1999 series games created by GameHouse Collapse 2008 video game Collapse 2008 video game , an action game released in 2008 for Microsoft Windows Stark The Longest Journey CollapseCollapse , a fictional event in the computer game Dreamfall The Collapse Deus Ex , a fictional event within the plot of the computer game Deus Ex and its sequel Deus Ex Invisible War See also intitle Disintegrate disambiguation Fall disambiguation disambiguation es Colapso desambiguaci n et Kollaps t psustus fr Effondrement it Collasso pt Colapso ru uk ... more details
Infobox video game series title Collapse collapsible No show image Yes image caption platforms Microsoft ... Puzzle spinoffs website creator artist writer composer first release version Super Collapse first release date 1999 latest release version COLLAPSE latest release date December 9, 2009 Collapse is a series ... in Seattle, Washington . In 2007, Super Collapse 3 became the first game to win the Game of the Year at the inaugural Gamezebo The Zeebys Zeebys . ref name award 1 History Web & Super Collapse Infobox VG title Super Collapse image caption developer GameHouse publisher GameHouse designer Ben Exworthy, Garr Godfrey orig. Fact date June 2011 series Collapse engine version released 1999 genre Puzzle ... the original Collapse a web based game that, through distribution arrangements with major ... like Bejeweled PopCap Games PopCap , Collapse helped to boost the early popularity of the Match three game match three genre of casual games. In 2001, following the success of the web based Collapse , GameHouse developed and released Super Collapse , a standalone download for Windows PCs. ref name caswiki supcoll 1 http www.casualgamewiki.net wiki index.php Super Collapse ref While the gameplay ... based versions. Super Collapse II In 2002, one year after the release of Super Collapse , GameHouse would create the first true sequel in the series, Super Collapse II . In addition to the classic gameplay, Super Collapse II would offer Relapse, Strategy, and Puzzle modes. ref name caswiki supcoll 2 http www.casualgamewiki.net wiki index.php Super Collapse II ref Super Collapse 3 Super Collapse 3 continued expanding the work of previous Collapse games. In addition to three new modes Slider, Continuous, Countdown , Super Collapse 3 introduced a quest mode where players progressed through a whimsical ... wiki index.php Super Collapse 3 ref Sound effects and music for Collapse 3 were created and composed .... COLLAPSE File COLLAPSE promo logo 2009.jpg thumb left COLLAPSE Promotional screen art In late 2009 ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Orphan date November 2009 Evidence law Pedigree from the French, pied de grue, lit. crane s foot is the legal principle that allows a witness to testify as to his name and certain family details under the United States American and England English common law concepts of evidence with no additional foundation. Otherwise, establishing the identity of the witness would waste much of the court s and the jury s time. Pedigree is, like many old rules of evidence, either a rule or an exception, depending upon how it is used. DEFAULTSORT Pedigree Law Category Inheritance Category Evidence law Law term stub ... more details
refimprove date March 2010 Infobox Company company name Pedigree Petfoods Mars logo File Pedigree Logo.jpg ... c 1,200 industry Animal food manufacturing homepage http www.pedigree.com Pedigree Petfoods Pedigree ... than the Chappie product, the company name changed to Petfoods Ltd in 1956. In 1972, this became Pedigree ... which originally produced semi moist products such as Bounce. In March 1975 it became the Pedigree ... s biggest product by sales closely followed by Pedigree Chum, although more in volume was sold of Pedigree Chum. Whiskas sold four times as much as Kitekat, although only half as much was spent ... Association. Mars Inc. Pedigree is now a subsidiary of Mars, Incorporated . The UK division of Mars ... Image Dog Food.jpg thumb 200px right Selection of Pedigree dog food The company makes the market leaders Pedigree dog food and Whiskas cat food , as well as kitekat cat food and Pal pet food Pal dog food . The slogan used for many years for Pedigree dog food is Top breeders recommend it with a current ... replaced by the Pedigree logo during the 1980s 2000s. In the United States , the original slogan for the Pedigree brand was Recommended by top breeders . It was replaced in 2007 by Dogs rule . The Pedigree Foundation The Pedigree Foundation is a philanthropic organization dedicated to helping ... cite web url http www.pedigreefoundation.org title Pedigree Foundation ref According to the foundation ... faqs.aspx title Pedigree Foundation FAQ ref and in 2008, it distributed more than 1.1 million ... Pedigree Foundation 2008 Annual Report ref Criticism of ingredients According to Pedigree, the major ingredients of Pedigree Large Breed adult dry food are ref cite web url http www.pedigree.com really good food product page.aspx?id 1045&prevPage large title PEDIGREE LARGE BREED Nutrition for Dogs ... CAS No. 25013 16 5 ref References Reflist External links http www.pedigreedogfoodcoupon.com Pedigree Dog Food Coupon http www.pedigree.com Pedigree Dog Foods http uk.pedigree.com Pedigree Petfoods UK ... more details
Image Pedigree sh 1895.jpg thumb Pedigree of horse Shagya IX b. 1895 A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotype s of a particular gene or organism and its ancestor s from one generation to the next, ref http genealogy.about.com library glossary bldef pedigreechart.htm pedigree chart Genealogy Glossary About.com, a part of The New York Times Company. ref ref http www.familysearch.org eng helps Search Ancestors afpedigree.htm HELP Ancestral File Pedigree Chart ref ref http geneasearch.com tips 1025.htm Documenting Your Pedigree Chart By Melody Daisson GeneaSearch.com ref most commonly humans, show dog s, and race horse s. The word pedigree is a corruption of the French pied de grue or crane s foot, because the typical lines and split lines each split leading to different offspring of the one parent line resemble the thin leg and foot of a Crane bird crane . In human genealogy File Costados de Anselmo Braamcamp Freire.jpg thumb Example of a pedigree chart using Ahnentafel numbering In England and Wales pedigrees are officially recorded in the College of Arms , which has records going back to the Middle Ages, including pedigrees collected during roving inquiries by its herald s during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The purpose of these heraldic visitation s was to register and regulate the use of coats of arms . Those who claimed the right to bear arms had to provide proof either of a grant of arms to them by the College, or of descent from an ancestor entitled to arms. It was for this reason that pedigrees were recorded by the visitations. Pedigrees continue to be registered at the College of Arms and kept up to date on a voluntary basis but they are not accessible to the general public without payment of a fee. More visible ... and livestock , including horse s, pedigree charts are used to track the ancestry of animals and assist ... category Pedigree charts Ahnentafel Cousin chart Family tree Genealogical numbering systems Genogram ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Pedigree Chump Type Album Artist Spunge Cover Pedigree Chump album cover.jpg Released 1 March 1999 Recorded Merlin Cave Studios , Great Malvern Malvern , England . December 1998 January 1999 Genre Ska punk Length 34 02 w o bonus tracks Label Moon Ska Europe Producer Spunge Reviews Last album The Kicking Pigeons EP br 1998 This album Pedigree Chump br 1999 Next album Room for Abuse br 2000 Pedigree Chump is the first album from the England British ska punk band Spunge . It was released following the success of the The Kicking Pigeons EP a year earlier which sold 5,000 copies to early followers at pub gigs. The first 3,000 copies of the album included a five track bonus CD of live recordings. The standard album was re released in December 2000 as a limited edition digipak without the bonus tracks. In 2004, the album was again re released as a limited edition in a slipcase. The bonus tracks were bundled back onto this version, plus a rare demo of Make Me Happy and an enhanced video of Kicking Pigeons . No singles were released from Pedigree Chump . However, the song Kicking Pigeons can be found on The Kicking Pigeons EP and an updated version of the same song is the second A side on Live Another Day Kicking Pigeons 2001 , a single from their next album Room For Abuse . Track listing album Intro 0 06 Lyrical Content 3 05 Idols 2 08 Kicking Pigeons 2 41 Roving Eye 2 48 Angel With a Pint Glass 4 08 Make Me Happy 2 42 Ode 2 Slimy Bassless 2 41 Have Another Go 0 04 Whitehouse 2 25 Kiss My Face 2 59 Sleazoid 1 58 Freak 2 50 Whinger 3 21 Intro and Have Another Go are short comedic tracks consisting mainly of people talking in strange accents. Also, at the end of Whinger there is a hidden comedy track about custard. It is speculated that the track Ode 2 Slimy Bassless is about former Spunge bassist bass guitarist Simon Bayliss . Track listing bonus tracks 500 Miles live Roving Eye live at Xposure ... more details
multiple issues orphan December 2009 original research December 2009 unreferenced December 2009 Most guinea pig breeders give them a pedigree chart pedigree when selling an animal. Some breeders do not because the animals are not good for animal husbandry breeding . Some breeders include other data, such as a list of what the pig ate mostly fruit and vegetable s , or a history of weight. Family tree s can be found in different forms. Each tree can contain the following information Details of the breeder information about the guinea pig including birth, birth weight, breed, color, gender, ancestry usually three generations back , and a unique ear number if the animal has been assigned one. Guinea pigs and their pedigrees can be registered in the United States at the http www.arba.net registrars.htm American Rabbit Breeders Association . Guinea pig colors are not precisely predictable based on parentage due to color caused by recessive gene recessive genes . Pedigrees for guinea pigs are not essential unless the owner intends to show the animals, though the information is often interesting for owners to know as background. Category Animals ... more details
Infobox Company name Pedigree Dolls & Toys logo type Private company limited by shares genre foundation United Kingdom founder location city Exeter , Devon location country United Kingdom location locations area served key people Jerry Reynolds CEO industry Doll s, toy s products Sindy , Tommy Gunn Action Figure Tommy Gunn services revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees parent divisions subsid slogan homepage footnotes intl yes Pedigree Dolls & Toys , also known as Pedigree Toys , is a toy company located in Exeter , England . Best known for launching the Sindy doll in 1963, Pedigree also produced the Tommy Gunn Action Figure Tommy Gunn action figure from 1966 to 1968. The Sindy doll was very popular from the 1960s to 1980s, and accounted for 80 of Pedigree s sales. ref name worldwide cite news title The worldwide rights to Sindy the fashion doll have been bought by Hasbro Bradley, the US toy giant publisher Marketing date 12 September 1986 page 41 ref Pedigree was a subsidiary of Lines Bros , then became a subsidiary of Louis Marx and Company Dunbee Combex Marx . ref name beecham cite news title Mr Richard Beecham, the former managing director of the collapsed Dunbee Combex Marx toy group has become chief executive of Tamwade, a private toy concern publisher Financial Times date 7 January 1981 page 18 ref After Dunbee s collapse in 1980, Pedigree and several other Dunbee subsidiaries moved to the holding company Tamwade. ref name beecham In March 1982, Pedigree closed its factory in Wellingborough , Northamptonshire . ref cite news title Toy closure work UK News publisher Financial Times date 3 February 1982 page 10 ref After running at a loss in 1985, it was rumoured that Tonka and Hasbro were preparing takeover bids for Pedigree, which did not eventuate. ref cite news title Tonka and Hasbro Bradley may both be preparing bids for Pedigree ... to the Sindy doll in 1986, ref name worldwide but returned the rights to Pedigree in 1998 after sales ... more details
Core collapse can refer to The collapse of the stellar core of a massive star, such as the core collapse that produces a Type II supernova . Core collapse cluster , the dynamic process that leads to a concentration of stars at the core of a Globular cluster . disambig ... more details
Orphan date January 2010 A collapse zone is an area around a structure , usually a structure fire burning structure , that may suffer structural collapse . A collapse zone affects firefighter s working on the exterior of a structure. Signs of structural failure The first indicator of possible structural failure is the type of wall . The material of the wall may provide clues, as well as the structural significance. A free standing wall has a higher collapse risk than a non bearing wall. Other indicatiors include smoke from mortar joint s bowing walls other areas of structural failure After an interior collapse, the risk of an exterior collapse, and therefore the need for a collapse zone, rises significantly. Structural failure A wall may collapse in three general manners. 90 angle collapse This is the most common type of structural collapse. It is similar to a falling tree. The wall falls straight out and the top hits the ground at a distance equal to the height of the wall. Curtain fall collapse This type of collapse generally occurs with a masonry wall. It collapses like a curtain dropping from the top, creating a pile of dibris at the base of the wall. Inward outward collapse A wall leaning inward may not necessarily fall inward. The lower or upper portion may slide or kick outward. Establishing a collapse zone Collapse zones are traditionally established by a commanding officer. The collapse zone itself should be as wide as the structure and as tall, plus half the height. The reason for this increase in height is that the worst case scenario and the most common , a 90 Angle Collapse, must be assumed. A collapse zone should be established with barricade Caution tape tape and should be enforced if necessary. File Collapsezone.jpeg center 270px Obstacles A collapse zone ... into operation, with caution. An aerial apparatus may be required. In this case, the collapse zone ... 203 Collapse 20Zones.pdf Firefighter Close Calls.com Vol. 9, No. 107 http vincentdunn.com dunn newsletters ... more details
Image Core collapse scenario.png thumb Gravitational collapse of a star File NGC 6745.jpg thumb NGC ... collapse Gravitational collapse is the inward fall of a body due to the influence of its own ... combination of the outward pointing forces, the equilibrium becomes unbalanced and a collapse occurs ... to other fundamental forces , gravitational collapse is usually associated with very massive bodies ... galaxies . Gravitational collapse is at the heart of structure formation in the universe. An initial smooth distribution of matter will eventually collapse and cause a hierarchy of structures ... and planets. For example, a star is born through the gradual gravitational collapse of a cloud of interstellar matter. The compression caused by the collapse raises the temperature until nuclear fuel reignites in the center of the star and the collapse comes to a halt. The thermal pressure gradient ... between these two forces. stellar evolution Gravitational collapse of a star occurs at the end ..., the star will undergo a gravitational collapse. In this sense a star is in a temporary equilibrium state between a gravitational collapse at stellar birth and a further gravitational collapse at stellar .... The collapse to a white dwarf takes place over tens of thousands of years, while the star blows off ... limit , at which point gravitational collapse takes over again. While it might seem that the white dwarf might collapse to the next stage neutron star , they instead undergo thermal runaway ... stars are formed by gravitational collapse of larger stars, the remnant of Type II supernova other ... find a new dynamical equilibrium with any known force opposing gravity. Hence, the collapse continues ... occurs at this point, but it can no longer really be considered gravitational collapse at that stage ... Yang Mills Dirac system . A model for nonspherical collapse in general relativity with emission ... collapse and formation of black holes by emission of neutrinos, strings and gravitational ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 Ecological collapse refers to a situation where an ecosystem suffers a drastic, if not permanent, reduction in carrying capacity for all organisms, often resulting in mass extinction . Usually, an ecological collapse can be precipitated by a disastrous event occurring on a small time scale, such as the Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event which was an ecological collapse widely believed to be caused by an asteroid impact event . Ecosystems have the ability to rebound from a disruptive agent. The difference between collapse or a gentle rebound is determined by two factors the toxicity of the introduced element and the resiliency of the original ecosystem. Through natural selection the planet s species have continuously adapted to change through variation in their biological composition and distribution. Mathematically it can be demonstrated that greater numbers of different biological factors tend to dampen fluctuations in each of the individual factors. See also Environmental degradation Arctic shrinkage Risks to civilization, humans and planet Earth Ecological disaster modelling ecosystems expanded other Category Biological systems Category Eschatology fr Collapsus cologique ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Collapse action is a device behaviour that snaps a switch into place, usually using a bistable element. When flipping a light switch, strain on one spring increases until it flips position, pulling down the switch. Collapse action allows you to remove your hand from the switch without risk it falls to the down position, as the force needed to overcome the resistance is too great. The action also does not exert force in the lower position, avoiding the spontaneous rise to the up position that a spring invites. See also switch hysteresis buckling spring DEFAULTSORT Collapse Action Category Mechanical engineering Tech stub ... more details
Image Trachealkollaps.jpg thumb Tracheal collapse Image Tracheal stent in a dog.jpg thumb Tracheal stent in a dog Tracheal collapse is a condition characterized by incomplete formation or weakening of the cartilage nous rings of the Vertebrate trachea trachea resulting in flattening of the trachea. It can be congenital disorder congenital or acquired, and extrathoracic or intrathoracic. Tracheal collapse is a dynamic condition. Collapse of the cervical trachea in the neck occurs during inspiration collapse of the thoracic trachea in the chest occurs during expiration. ref cite web last Fossum first Theresa W. title Surgical Management Of Tracheal Collapse work Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association year 2002 url http www.vin.com proceedings Proceedings.plx?CID WSAVA2002&PID 2695 accessdate 2007 03 29 ref Tracheal collapse is most commonly found in small dog breeds, including the Chihuahua dog Chihuahua , Pomeranian dog Pomeranian , Poodle Toy Poodle , Shih Tzu , Lhasa Apso , Maltese dog Maltese , Pug and Yorkshire Terrier . ref name Ettinger 1995 cite book author Ettinger, Stephen J. Feldman, Edward C. title Textbook of Veterinary Internal ... tracheal collapse appears to be caused by a deficiency of normal components of tracheal ring cartilage like glycosaminoglycan s, glycoprotein s, calcium , and chondroitin . Acquired tracheal collapse ... Collapse journal Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian volume 28 issue ... while eating or drinking. Tracheal collapse is easily seen on an x ray as a narrowing of the lumen ... collapse cases. ref cite journal author Ouellet M, Dunn M, Lussier B, Chailleux N, H lie ... rings. Extraluminal outside the trachea stenting is generally only used for tracheal collapse in the neck ..., Garrett Britt, Tara title Tracheal collapse frustrating minimally invasive techniques promising journal DVM pages 2S 5S publisher Advanstar Communications month June year 2006 ref Tracheal collapse ... more details
Infobox musical artist name Oxford Collapse image Oxford Collapse in Barcelona.jpg caption Oxford Collapse playing in Barcelona image size 150 background group or band alias origin New York City genre Indie rock occupation years active 2002 2009 label Sub Pop associated acts website current members Michael Pace br Adam Rizer br Dan Fetherston past members Yong Sing da Silva br Mike Henry Oxford Collapse were an indie rock band from Brooklyn , New York . The members include Michael Pace on vocals & guitars, Dan Fetherston on drums and Adam Rizer on bass & vocals. History Oxford Collapse first released a Oxford Collapse EP limited press self titled EP for the HCR label in 2002. Shortly after they signed to Kanine Records , a label based in New York City Brooklyn, where they released their first full length album Some Wilderness in April 2004. This was followed by a remix of a track from the album titled Melting The Ice Queen Remix Melting the Ice Queen in July of that year. In October, the band released a 7 vinyl EP, entitled Songs For The Singers Of Panthers , on Discoloration Records before releasing their final effort from Kanine Records, A Good Ground . The band then signed to indie ... collapse break up title Oxford Collapse Break Up publisher Pitchfork date 2009 06 22 accessdate 2009 ... Remember the Night Parties 2006 Sub Pop Bits album Bits 2008 Sub Pop EPs Oxford Collapse EP 2002 HRC ... Wars 2008, Sub Pop Young Love Delivers 2008, Sub Pop Oxford Collapse & Joggers split 7 2009, Cocktail Partner References reflist External links Myspace theoxfordcollapse Oxford Collapse http www.pitchforkmedia.com article record review 39097 Oxford Collapse Remember the Night Parties Pitchfork ... review 20698 Oxford Collapse A Good Ground Pitchfork review of A Good Ground http www.stereosubversion.com interviews features 10 03 2008 oxford collapse 2 Oxford Collapse interview at StereoSubversion.com ... band stub it Oxford Collapse ... more details
refimprove date January 2012 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Contradictions Collapse Type studio Artist Meshuggah Cover Meshuggah Contradictions.jpg Released October 1, 1991 Recorded Ume , Sweden Genre Thrash metal , progressive metal Length 56 38 Label Nuclear Blast Producer Last album Meshuggah EP Meshuggah br 1989 This album Contradictions Collapse br 1991 Next album None EP None br 1994 Album reviews rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref cite web url http www.allmusic.com album contradictions collapse none r1424098 title KContradictions Collapse Meshuggah AllMusic author Henderson, Alex accessdate March 31, 2012 ref Contradictions Collapse is the first album by Sweden Swedish metal band, Meshuggah . The album was released on October 1, 1991, by Nuclear Blast . Contradictions Collapse was originally titled All This Because of Greed . The album leans more towards a thrash metal sound than the band s later works though it does have many of the band s characteristic elements such as the jazz fusion sounding guitar solos and complex precision. It was re released as a digipak with an incomplete version of Meshuggah s second Extended play EP , None EP None in 1998 and no liner notes or lyrics included in the booklet. Track listing listen filename Meshuggah Choirs Of Devastation.ogg title Choirs of Devastation 1991 description Choirs of Devastation format Ogg tracklist title1 Paralyzing Ignorance length1 4 28 title2 Erroneous Manipulation length2 6 21 title3 Abnegating Cecity length3 6 31 title4 Internal Evidence length4 7 27 title5 Qualms of Reality length5 7 10 title6 We ll Never See the Day length6 6 03 title7 Greed length7 7 06 title8 Choirs of Devastation length8 4 00 title9 Cadaverous Mastication length9 7 32 title10 Humiliative note10 1998 Bonus ... Contradictions Collapse it Contradictions Collapse pl Contradictions Collapse pt Contradictions Collapse fi Contradictions Collapse ... more details
Infobox Book name The Collapse of Chaos title orig translator image image caption author Jack Cohen scientist Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart mathematician Ian Stewart illustrator cover artist country UK language English language English series subject chaos theory genre publisher Penguin Books release date 1994 english release date media type pages 495 isbn 978 0670849833 oclc 247326335 preceded by followed by The Collapse of Chaos discovering simplicity in a complex world 1994 is a book about chaos theory written by biologist Jack Cohen scientist Jack Cohen and mathematician Ian Stewart mathematician Ian Stewart . In this book Cohen and Stewart give their ideas on chaos theory, particularly on how the simple leads to the complex, and conversely, how the complex leads to the simple. This book dovetails with other books written by the Cohen Stewart team, particularly Figments of Reality . As with other Cohen Stewart books, topics are illustrated with humorous science fiction snippets dealing with a fictional alien intelligence, the Zarathustrians, whom Cohen and Stewart use as metaphors of the human mind itself. References Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart The Collapse of Chaos discovering simplicity in a complex world , Penguin Books, 1994, ISBN 978 0 14 029125 4 DEFAULTSORT Collapse of Chaos Category science books Category 1994 books science book stub ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 references Collapse is an independent, non affiliated Magazine journal of philosophy philosophical research and development published in the United Kingdom by Urbanomic. It was founded in 2006 by Robin Mackay. It features speculative work in progress by contemporary philosopher s, along with contributions from artist s, scientist s and other writers outside of philosophy. ref name Parrhesia cite journal last Roffe first Jon year 2007 title Collapse Philosophical Research and Development journal Parrhesia A Journal of Critical Philosophy issue 4 url http www.parrhesiajournal.org parrhesia04 parrhesia04 roffe.pdf ref In December 2008, as a part of BBC Today guest editor Zadie Smith s programme, the author Hari Kunzru listed Urbanomic s Collapse as an avant garde philosophy journal in his A guide to the artistic underground . ref cite web url http news.bbc.co.uk today hi today newsid 7802000 7802605.stm title A guide to the artistic underground publisher BBC accessdate 2009 05 17 last first date 2008 12 29 ref Content In addition to philosophical articles, Collapse has published extensive interviews with notable philosophers and scientists including Alain Badiou , Julian Barbour , Nick Bostrom , Paul Churchland , Jack Cohen scientist Jack Cohen , James Ladyman , Thomas Metzinger , Ian Stewart mathematician Ian Stewart and Roberto Trotta . Collapse has been closely connected with the growth of the contemporary philosophical tendency known as Speculative Realism and the journal has carried publications of new work by the philosophers most closely identified ... name Parrhesia cite journal last Roffe first Jon year 2007 title Collapse Philosophical Research and Development ... urbanomic archives 2007 03 about collapse.html About Collapse http reviews.media culture.org.au modules.php?name News&file article&sid 2840 Philosophy Collapse Vol IV Autopsy of a Genre M C Reviews http philmat.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 15 2 270 Robin Mackay, ed. Collapse Philosophical ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cardiovascular collapse ICD10 ICD10 R 57 9 r50 A circulatory collapse is defined as a general or specific failure of the Circulatory system circulation , either cardiac or peripheral in nature. A common cause of this could be Shock circulatory shock ref http www.spaceref.com iss medical 4044.shock.circ.collapse.em.pdf ref or Physical trauma trauma from injury or surgery ref http www.plosone.org article info doi 2F10.1371 2Fjournal.pone.0001605 pone.0001605 Heckbert1 ref . A general failure is one that occurs across a wide range of locations in the body, such as systemic shock after the loss of a large amount of blood collapsing all the circulatory systems in the legs. A specific failure can be traced to a particular point, such as a clot. Cardiac circulatory collapse affects the vessels of the heart such as the aorta and is almost always fatal. It is sometimes referred to as acute circulatory failure. Peripheral circulatory collapse involves outlying arteries and veins in the body and can result in gangrene, organ failure or other serious complications. This form is sometimes called peripheral vascular failure, shock or peripheral vascular shutdown. Effects The effects of a circulatory collapse vary based on the type of collapse it is. Peripheral collapses usually involve abnormally low blood pressure and result in collapsed arteries and or veins, leading to oxygen deprivation to tissues, organs, and limbs. Acute collapse can result from heart failure and results in collapse of the primary vessels of the heart collapsing, perhaps combined with cardiac arrest . Causes A very large range of medical conditions can cause circulatory collapse ref Oxford Textbook of Medicine 3 Volume Set By David A. Warrell, Timothy M. Cox, John D. Firth, Edward J. Benz, Sir David Weatherall Contributor David A. Warrell, Timothy M. Cox, John D. Firth, Edward J. Benz, Sir David Weatherall Published by Oxford University Press, 2005 ISBN 0 19 857015 5, 978 0 19 857015 8 ref ... more details
In topology , a branch of mathematics, collapse is a concept due to J. H. C. Whitehead . ref name Whitehead Whitehead, J.H.C. 1938 Simplical spaces, nuclei and m groups , Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 45, pp 243&ndash 327 ref Definition Let K be a simplicial complex , and suppose that s is a simplex in K . We say that s has a free face t if t is a face of s and t has no other Simplex Elements coface s. We call s , t a free pair . If we remove s and t from K , we obtain another simplicial complex, which we call an elementary collapse of K . A sequence of elementary collapses is called a collapse . A simplicial complex that has a collapse to a point, implying all other points were in free pairs, is called collapsible . This definition can be extended to CW complex es and is the basis for the concept of simple homotopy equivalence . ref Cohen, M.M. 1973 A Course in Simple Homotopy Theory , Springer Verlag New York ref Examples Complexes that do not have a free face cannot be collapsible. Two such interesting examples are RH Bing Bing s house with two rooms and Zeeman s Dunce hat topology dunce hat they are contractible and in fact simple homotopy equivalent to a point. Any n dimensional PL manifold that is collapsible is in fact piecewise linearly isomorphic to an n ball. ref name Whitehead References reflist See also Shelling topology Erik Christopher Zeeman Category Algebraic topology topology stub ... more details
Infobox film name Collapse image COLLAPSE poster wikipedia.jpg caption Theatrical poster director Chris Smith filmmaker Chris Smith producer Chris Smith br Kate Noble starring Michael Ruppert music Didier ... TIFF runtime 82 minutes country Film US language English budget gross Collapse , directed by Chris ... story of controversial author Michael Ruppert . Collapse premiered at the Toronto International ... and financial policies have led to an ongoing societal collapsecollapse of modern industrial civilization ..., said that What I hoped to reveal was ... that his obsession with the collapse of industrial civilization has led to the collapse of his life. In the end, it is a character study about his obsession ... Weekly called Collapse one of the few true buzz films of the festival and wrote that you ... 2009 09 16 toronto collapse title Entertainment Weekly Toronto Buzz COLLAPSE showcases gripping pundit of economic doom accessdate 2009 10 20 ref Daily Variety wrote that Collapse was unnervingly ...?categoryid 31&cs 1 title Daily Variety Review Collapse accessdate 2009 10 20 first Rob last Nelson ... a thriller more frightening. I couldn t tear my eyes from the screen. Collapse is even entertaining ... apps pbcs.dll article?AID 20091209 REVIEWS 912099993 title Roger Ebert Movie Reviews Collapse ... announced that Collapse would premiere simultaneously in theaters in New York and on Video On Demand on November 6, 2009. ref cite web url http www.indiewire.com article chris smiths collapse coming soon title IndieWire Chris Smith s Collapse Coming Soon accessdate 2009 10 20 ref According to press ... website http www.collapsemovie.com IMDb title 1503769 Collapse http www.rowthree.com 2009 09 13 tiff 09 review collapse Review at Row Three.com http www.globalshift.org 2010 06 collapse news from the end of society Review at Globalshift.org DEFAULTSORT Collapse Category 2009 films Category American ... about peak oil Category 2000s documentary films id Collapse ru ... more details
Orphan date July 2009 Embouchure collapse is a generic term used by woodwind and brass players to describe a variety of conditions which result in the inability of the embouchure to function. The embouchure is the purposeful arrangement of the facial muscles and lips to produce a sound on a wind or brass instrument. In brass playing, it involves vibration of the Biological membrane membrane area of the lips. Embouchure collapse in its various forms and extremities generally results in difficulty .... This article focuses on embouchure collapse in brass players. Causes There are a variety of causes for embouchure collapse, mainly focal dystonia or Embouchure Overuse Syndrome also, the topic of mouthpiece ... collapse. This is possibly because botox causes the facial muscles to relax and although this collapse ... This is a far more common cause of embouchure collapse. As the name suggests, embouchure collapse ... stress can cause a chain of injuries that lead to embouchure collapse. ref name autogenerated2 ... collapse under the strain of playing. ref name autogenerated2 Mouthpiece pressure The subject of mouthpiece pressure is closely related to the issue of embouchure collapse embouchure overuse. It has long ... problems and can be a factor in causing embouchure collapse. However, the pressure of the mouthpiece ... collapse is far more common among trumpet and Horn instrument horn players. Both of these instruments ... pressure as a cause of embouchure collapse has ever been done and the equally valid argument that all brass players can suffer embouchure collapse, and the subjective not static nature of mouthpiece pressure, our knowledge of mouthpiece pressure as a cause of embouchure collapse is limited. Diagnosis Embouchure collapse caused by focal dystonia can be diagnosed medically embouchure collapse ... above, sufferes of focal dystonia have virtually no possibility or recovery from embouchure collapse ... Embouchure Collapse Category Brass instruments Category Mouth ... more details
notability Music date July 2010 unreferenced date July 2010 Infobox Album WikiProject Albums Name The Collapse Type EP Artist System Divide Cover System divide ep.jpg Released May 17, 2009 Recorded Late 2008 at Conquistador Recordings, Cleveland, Ohio Genre Metalcore , melodic death metal , gothic metal Length 16 09 Label Producer Cole Martinez Reviews Last album This album The Collapse br 2009 Next album The Conscious Sedation br 2010 The Collapse is the debut EP by gothic metal gothic melodic death metal band System Divide , released on May 17, 2009. The EP was self recorded at the Conquistador Recordings in Cleveland, Ohio and produced by the band s own guitarist Cole Martinez . It was self released on May 17, 2009, and released on iTunes on June 19, 2009. The EP was mixed and mastered by Jacob Hansen at his Hansen Studios in Denmark . Three of the songs on the EP Purity In Imperfection , The Apex Doctrine and n Ether , were re recorded for the band s first full length album The Conscious Sedation which was released in 2010. Track listing Tracklist title1 Purity In Imperfection length1 4 14 title2 The Apex Doctrine length2 3 26 title3 Sealed Shut length3 4 04 title4 n Ether length4 4 31 Personnel Sven de Caluw lead vocals Miri Milman lead vocals Cole Martinez lead & rhythm guitars Andrew Lenthe bass Mike Heller drums, percussion References reflist DEFAULTSORT Collapse, The Category 2009 EPs Category System Divide albums es The Collapse EP ... more details
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