8th Ed., Benjamin Cummings Pearson, 2010 ref In the esophagus, two types of peristalsis occur. Image Peristalsis.gif thumb right A simplified image showing peristalsis First, there is a primary peristaltic .... Esophageal peristalsis is typically assessed by performing an esophageal motility study . Small ... wall abdominal muscles peristalsis does not reverse in the esophagus. As opposed to the more continuous peristalsis of the small intestines, faeces faecal contents are propelled into the large intestine ... movement via peristalsis The earthworm is a limbless annelid worm with a hydrostatic skeleton that moves by means of peristalsis. This hydrostatic skeleton consists of an extensible body wall surrounded ... MeshName Peristalsis GeorgiaPhysiology 6 6ch3 s6ch3 9 http www.vivo.colostate.edu hbooks pathphys ... more details
Segmentation contractions or movements are a type of gastric motility. Unlike peristalsis , which predominates in the esophagus , segmentation contractions occur in the large intestine and small intestine , while predominating in the latter. While peristalsis involves one way motion in the caudal direction, segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions, which allows greater mixing with the secretions of the intestines. External links GeorgiaPhysiology 6 6ch3 s6ch3 8 http www.vivo.colostate.edu hbooks pathphys digestion basics gi motility.html Animation at colostate.edu DorlandsDict two 000023965 Segmentation contraction Gastrointestinal physiology Category Digestive system ru ... more details
Catastalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscle of the intestine s. It resembles ordinary peristalsis but is not preceded by a wave of inhibition . ref name drugscomdef cite web url http www.drugs.com dict catastalsis.html title Drugs.com Definition Catastalsis publisher Drugs.com accessdate 2009 06 14 ref ref name freemeddef cite web url http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com catastalsis title Free Medical Dictionary Catastalsis publisher Free Medical Dictionary accessdate 2009 06 14 ref ref name wave of inhibition cite web url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 1499938 title A wave of inhibition precedes primary peristaltic contractions in the human esophagus. ref References references Category Digestive system med stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Lotus and the Robot is a 1960 book by Arthur Koestler exploring eastern mysticism . Although now dated by Westerners greater exposure to Oriental practices, it concentrates mainly on India n and Japan ese traditions, which form the two parts the lotus and the robot respectively. Some of Koestler s comments read controversially now, perhaps even racist, but the book is also interesting for presenting a non bowdlerise d version of the traditions, particularly yoga , which as he points out, is quite different in its traditional form to that practised in the west, particularly in its control of internal bodily functions such as peristalsis . Arthur Koestler DEFAULTSORT Lotus And The Robot Category Books by Arthur Koestler Category Hinduism studies books Category Shinto Category 1960 books Reli book stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Retroperistalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis . It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting . Local irritation of the stomach, such as bacteria or food poisoning, activates the area postrema emetic center of the brain which in turn signals an imminent pharyngeal reflex vomiting reflex . Food then moves in the opposite direction, often from the duodenum into the stomach . Retroperistalsis occurs pathologically during vomiting and physiologically at first part of duodenum where it protects from high acidity of food, and also at terminal ileum , where an amount of water and electrolyte is absorbed to assist defecation . Category Digestive system muscle stub de Antiperistaltik ru uk ... more details
Kelly s sign is a medical sign clinical sign in which the ureter can be distinguished during surgery due to visible peristalsis which occurs when the ureter is pressed gently. ref Richard G. Fessler, Laligam N. Sekhar. Atlas of neurosurgical techniques , page 607. Thieme, 2006. ISBN 9780865779877. http books.google.co.uk books?id t a1qEhhEIYC&pg PA607&lpg PA607&dq kelly 27s sign ureter&source bl&ots 1OXqxDRXoB&sig Bfx0aNH0RUtRLVkkavw6CL a4f8&hl en&ei Q5nWSf71N9rR QaS 8zKBQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3 Google books ref The sign is named after Howard Atwood Kelly . References reflist Category Medical signs med sign stub ... more details
A non noradrenergic, non cholinergic transmitter NANC is a neurotransmitter of the Autonomic Nervous System ANS that is neither of the main two ANS transmitters, i.e. noradrenaline and acetylcholine . Comparison table This table compares different NANCs in the PNS class wikitable sortable Neurotransmitter Type Location ref name Rang132 Unless else specified in table, then ref is cite book author Rang, H. P. title Pharmacology publisher Churchill Livingstone location Edinburgh year 2003 pages isbn 0 443 07145 4 oclc doi Page 132 ref Function ref name Rang132 adenosine triphosphate ATP non peptide postganglionic sympathetic neuron s e.g. in blood vessel s & vas deferens Fast depolarization contraction vasoconstriction GABA non peptide enteric nervous system ENS s peristalsis 5 HT non peptide enteric nervous system ENS s peristalsis dopamine non peptide some sympathetic nervous system SNS s e.g. kidney vasodilation nitric oxide NO non peptide pelvic nerve s & gastric nerve s erection gastric emptying neuropeptide Y NPY peptide postganglionic sympathetic neuron s e.g. blood vessel s enhance vasoconstrictor action of noradrenaline noradrenaline release inhibitor vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP peptide parasympathetic nerves to salivary gland s NANC innervation to smooth muscle of airways vasodilation acetylcholine cotransmitter bronchodilation GnRH peptide sympathetic ganglia slow depolarization acetylcholine cotransmitter substance P peptide sympathetic ganglia enteric nervous system ENS s slow depolarization acetylcholine cotransmitter calcitonin gene related peptide CGRP peptide non myelinated sensory neuron s vasodilation increase vascular permeability neurogenic inflammation References references Category Neurotransmitters Category Peripheral nervous system ... more details
K nig s syndrome synonym ileocaecal valve syndrome is a syndrome of abdominal pain in relation to meals, constipation alternated with diarrhea , meteorism , gurgling sounds hyper peristalsis on auscultation especially in the right iliac fossa , and abdominal distension . It is caused by an incomplete obstruction of the small intestine and especially of the ileocecal valve , e.g. in Crohn s disease , or in rare cases of cancer of the small intestine . It is named after the German surgeon, Franz K nig surgeon Franz K nig 1832 1910 , and should not be confused with K nig s disease , also named after him. References http www.vulgaris medical.com encyclopedie konig syndrome de 2665.html http www.vulgaris medical.com encyclopedie konig syndrome de 2665.html WhoNamedIt synd 1972 K nig s syndrome F. K nig. Die stricturirende Tuberculose des Darmes und ihre Behandlung. Deutsche Zeitschrift f r Chirurgie , 1892 34 65 81. http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd s 32zPzhtm 12781264 Dorlands Medical Dictionary Category Syndromes Konig s syndrome med sign stub fr Syndrome de K nig ... more details
Taxobox name Glyceridae image Glycera alba.jpg image width 250px image caption Glycera alba with everted proboscis. regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Phyllodocida subordo Glyceriformia familia Glyceridae familia authority Grube, 1850 subdivision Glycera genus Glycera br Glycerella br Hamiglycera br Hemipodus br Rhynchobolus br Telake subdivision ranks Genera Glyceridae is a family biology family of polychaete worms. ref http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 952 World Register of Marine Species ref They are commonly referred to as beak thrower worms or bloodworms . They are bright red, segmented, aquatic worms. The proboscis worm Glycera genus Glycera is sometimes called bloodworm. The Glyceridae are ferocious epi and infaunal polychaetes that prey upon small invertebrates. They are errant burrowers that build galleries of interconnected tubes to aid in catching their prey. Characteristics Pointy snout used for burrowing in sediment No septa in anterior part of bodies Rely on peristalsis to move Explosively evert pharynx into sediment, anchor position with prostomium and pull body forward. Eversible pharynx also used in prey capture 4 poisonous fangs References reflist Category Polychaetes Annelid stub es Glyceridae fr Glyceridae ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Brain Name Myelencephalon Latin GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image EmbryonicBrain.svg Caption Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain , midbrain and hindbrain structures. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 695 MeshName Myelencephalon MeshNumber A08.186.211.132.810.406 DorlandsPre m 24 DorlandsSuf 12553211 The myelencephalon is categorized as a secondary vesicle in the Morphogenesis development of the central nervous system . The prefix myelen is derived from Greek for medulla myelos . The myelencephalon differentiates primarily into the medulla oblongata and a caudal portion of the fourth ventricle , but will also contain portions of the following cranial nerves vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII , glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX , vagus nerve CN X , accessory nerve CN XI , and hypoglossal nerve CN XII . The myelencephalon develops from the primary vesicular structure called the rhombencephalon or hindbrain , which is present in all vertebrate embryos. The rhombencephalon normally begins its differentiation into the myelencephalon and the metencephalon at approximately 5 weeks of gestational development in humans. Evolutionarily, the myelencephalon is the area of the brain which is the most ancestral, eventually controlling visceral mechanisms basic bodily functions such as breathing, heart and blood vessel activity, digestions, and peristalsis . Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Fourth ventricle Category Developmental biology Neuroscience stub ca Mielenc fal nl Myelencephalon ... more details
Migrating motor complexes or migrating myoelectric complex or migratory motor complex or migratory myoelectric complex or MMC are waves of activity that sweep through the intestines in a regular cycle during fasting state. These motor complexes help trigger peristalsis peristaltic wave s, which facilitate transportation of indigestible substances such as bone, fiber, and foreign bodies from the stomach , through the small intestine , past the ileocecal sphincter , and into the colon anatomy colon . The MMC originates in the stomach roughly every 75 to 90 minutes during the interdigestive phase between meals and is responsible for the Borborygmus rumbling experienced when hungry. The MMC lasts for approximately 15 minutes. It also serves to transport bacteria from the small intestine to the large intestine , and to inhibit the migration of colonic bacteria into the terminal ileum. The MMC is thought to be partially regulated by motilin , which is initiated in the stomach as a response to Vagus nerve vagal stimulation, and does not directly depend on extrinsic nerves. References http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com migrating myoelectric complex External links http www.vivo.colostate.edu hbooks pathphys digestion stomach mmcomplex.html Overview at colostate.edu GeorgiaPhysiology 6 6ch2 s6ch2 26 MeshName Migrating motor complex Gastrointestinal physiology Category Digestive system digestive stub ru ... more details
Cecotropes , also caecotrophes or night feces , are the product of the cecum , a part of the digestive system in mammal s of the order biology order lagomorpha , which includes two families Leporidae hare s and rabbit s , and Ochotonidae pika s . Cecotropes are passed through the intestines and subsequently reingested for added nutrients in a process known as cecotrophy , cecophagy , pseudorumination , refection , or coprophagia . Reingestion is also practiced by a few species of rodent such as the capybara and guinea pig , marsupial s particularly their young and one species of primate . ref cite journal author Hirakawa, Hirofumi title Coprophagy in Leporids and Other Mammalian Herbivores journal Mammal Review year 2001 volume 31 issue 1 pages 61 80 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2907.2001.00079.x ref Production The process by which cecotropes are produced is called hindgut fermentation . Food passes through the esophagus , stomach, small intestine, where nutrients are initially absorbed ineffectively, and then into the Colon anatomy colon . Through reverse peristalsis , the food is forced back into the cecum where it is broken down into simple sugars i.e. monosaccharides by bacteria l Fermentation biochemistry fermentation . The cecotrope then passes through the colon, the anus, and is eliminated by the animal and then reingested. The process occurs 4 to 8 hours after eating. This type of reingestion to obtain more nutrients is similar to the chewing of cud in cattle. References reflist See also Coprophagia Category Lagomorphs ca Cecotr fia de Caecotrophie fr C cotrophie lt Cekotrofija ms Sekotrop pl Cekotrofia wa Rimagnaedje des mol s crotes vls Caecotrofie ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Better Recognize Type studio Longtype Artist Youngblood Brass Band Cover BetterRecognize.jpg Released 1997 Recorded Genre Riot Jazz br Hip hop br Punk rock Punk Length Label Producer Reviews Last album This album Better Recognize br 1997 Next album Word on the Street album Word on the Street br 1998 Better Recognize is an album recorded in 1997, by Youngblood Brass Band recorded in the name of One Lard Biskit Brass Band . Track listing Better Recognize 4 55 Dancing Men 4 15 Mr. Hipsteroonie 4 24 Groovulation 7 43 Sunroof Jooky 6 15 Next To You 5 58 King Fatso 6 54 Tough Daddy 4 48 Peristalsis 8 35 She s a Keeper 4 23 Jelly Biskit 3 37 Inside Straight 3 57 Category Youngblood Brass Band albums Category 1997 albums 1990s album stub ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2011 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Triptych Type Album Artist Shooting at Unarmed Men Cover Released 11 August 2007 Recorded Genre Alternative rock Length Label Too Pure Producer N A Reviews Last album Yes Tinnitus This album Triptych br 2007 Next album With The Youthful Energy of a Zealot br 2009 Triptych is the third album of Welsh&ndash Australian band Shooting At Unarmed Men . The album consists of three Compact Disc CDs . It was released in Australia on 11 August 2007 and set for a worldwide release on 31 March 2008. Track listing CD 1 Sometimes The Best Thing You Can Do Is Die This Song Comes With A Picture The Things You Can And Cannot Do The Conventions of Stopping CD 2 Boredom Is the Feeling That Everything Is a Waste of Time Pre Seated The Cock a Doodle Doo of Democracy Full Proof Plan for Successful Living CD 3 Peristalsis Sailing Keeps You Safe Happy Birthday Placenta The Fortune of Regret Category 2007 albums Category Too Pure albums Category Triple albums ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Nutcracker manometry.jpg Caption Diagram of esophageal motility study in nutcracker esophagus . The disorder shows peristalsis with high pressure esophageal contractions exceeding 180 mmHg and contractile waves with a long duration exceeding 6 seconds. ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 89.32 OPS301 OPS301 1 313 MeshID OtherCodes An esophageal motility study EMS or esophageal manometry is a test to assess motor function of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter UES , Esophageal body and Lower Esophageal Sphincter LES . Indications An EMS is typically done to evaluate suspected disorders of motility or peristalsis of the esophagus. These include achalasia , esophageal spasm diffuse esophageal spasm , nutcracker esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter . These disorders typically present with dysphagia , or difficulty swallowing, usually to both solids and liquids even initially. Other patients with spasm disorders may have the test done to diagnose chest pain thought not to be of cardiac cause. The test is not useful for anatomical disorders of the esophagus that is, disorders that distort the anatomy of the esophagus , such as esophageal stricture peptic strictures and esophageal cancer . Procedure A technician places a catheter into the nose and guides it into the stomach. Once placed, the catheter is slowly withdrawn, allowing it to detect pressure changes and to record information for later review. The patient will be asked at various times to take a deep breath or to take some swallows of water. The degree of discomfort varies among patients. Patients are not sedated because sedatives would alter the functioning of the esophageal muscles. Overall the procedure takes about 45 minutes. After the procedure is complete, patients can usually resume their normal daily activities. Recent advances in esophageal motility testing Recently, high resolution manometry HRM has been developed that significantly reduces ... more details
In medicine, Fowler s position is a standard patient position. It is used to relax tension of the abdominal muscles, allowing for improved breathing in immobile patients as it alleviates compression of the chest due to gravity, and to increase comfort during eating and other activities. It is also used in postpartum women to improve uterine drainage. The patient is placed in a semi upright sitting position 45 60 degrees and may have knees either bent or straight. Such a position is maintained during procedures that involve either the nasal or oral passageways as it prevents aspiration during the introduction of feeding tubes and also promotes a slight gravitational pull in peristalsis when swallowing. There are several types of Fowlers positions low, semi , high Fowler s, and Standard Fowlers also known as simply Fowler s . High Fowler s position is when the patient s head is raised 80 90 degrees, whereas Semi Fowler s position is when the patient s head is elevated 30 45 degrees. Low Fowler s position is when the head of bed is elevated 15 30 degrees, and finally Fowler s which is 45 60 degrees. It is named for http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 2561.html George Ryerson Fowler . ref WhoNamedIt synd 3035 ref ref G. R. Fowler. Diffuse septic peritonitis, with special reference to a new method of treatment, namely, the elevated head and trunk posture, to facilitate drainage into the pelvis, with a report of nine consecutive cases of recovery. The Medical Record, New York, 1900, 57 617 623, 1029 1931. ref See also Trendelenburg position High Fowlers position Semi Fowlers position References reflist External links http www.medtrng.com posturesdirection.htm Diagram treatment stub Category Human positions es Posici n de Fowler pt Posi o de Fowler vi T th Fowler ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin calices renales minores GraySubject 254 GrayPage 1225 Image Kidney PioM.png Caption table width 100 tr td align left small 1. Renal pyramid br 2. Efferent artery br 3. Renal artery br 4. Renal vein br 5. Hilum of kidney Renal hilum br 6. Renal pelvis br 7. Ureter br 8. small Minor calyx small br 9. Renal capsule td td align left small 10. Inferior renal capsule br 11. Superior renal capsule br 12. Afferent vein br 13. Nephron br 14. small Minor calyx small br 15. Major calyx br 16. Renal papilla br 17. Renal column td tr table Image2 Illu kidney2.jpg Caption2 Frontal section through the kidney Precursor Ureteric bud System MeshName Kidney calices MeshNumber A05.810.453.537.503 DorlandsPre c 03 DorlandsSuf 12206030 The minor calyx , in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the renal pyramid s. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into the minor calyx then into the major calyx . Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the renal pelvis and ureter s to the urinary bladder bladder . Additional images gallery Image Gray1127.png Vertical section of kidney. gallery gallery Image Illu kidney.jpg gallery See also Renal pyramids Renal medulla External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 40 06 01 08 Posterior Abdominal Wall Internal Structure of a Kidney BUHistology 15901loa Urinary System neonatal kidney NormanAnatomy posteriorabdomen NormanAnatomyFig renalpelvis http www.bway.net rjnoonan humans in space kidney.gif Diagram at bway.net kidney genitourinary stub Category Kidney anatomy ca Calze menor fr Calice anatomie ja pt C lice menor ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin calices renales majores GraySubject 254 GrayPage 1225 Image Kidney PioM.png Caption table width 100 tr td align left small 1. Renal pyramid Renal triangle br 2. Efferent artery br 3. Renal artery br 4. Renal vein br 5. Hilum of kidney Renal hilum br 6. Renal pelvis br 7. Ureter br 8. Minor calyx br 9. Renal capsule td td align left small 10. Inferior renal capsule br 11. Superior renal capsule br 12. Afferent vein br 13. Nephron br 14. Minor calyx br 15. small Major calyx small br 16. Renal papilla br 17. Renal column td tr table Image2 Illu kidney2.jpg Caption2 Frontal section through the kidney Precursor Ureteric bud System MeshName Kidney calices MeshNumber A05.810.453.537.503 DorlandsPre c 03 DorlandsSuf 12206023 Two or three Minor calyx minor calyces converge to form a major calyx. The major calyx , in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the renal pyramid s. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into a minor calyx then into major calyx before passing through the renal pelvis into the ureter . Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the renal pelvis and ureter s to the urinary bladder bladder . Additional images gallery Image Gray1127.png Vertical section of kidney. gallery gallery Image Illu kidney.jpg gallery See also Renal pyramids Renal medulla External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 40 06 01 09 Posterior Abdominal Wall Internal Structure of a Kidney BUHistology 15901loa Urinary System neonatal kidney NormanAnatomy posteriorabdomen NormanAnatomyFig renalpelvis http www.bway.net rjnoonan humans in space kidney.gif Diagram at bway.net kidney genitourinary stub Category Kidney anatomy ca Calze major fr Calice anatomie sv Calyces ... more details
Infobox Book name From Boys to Men Gay Men Write About Growing Up title orig translator image Image From boys to men.jpg 200px image caption author Ted Gideonse br Rob Williams illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series subject genre Anthology publisher Carroll & Graf release date 2006 in literature 2006 english release date media type Hardcover pages isbn dewey congress oclc preceded by followed by From Boys to Men Gay Men Write About Growing Up ISBN 0786716320 is an anthology of essays about growing up gay . It was edited by Ted Gideonse and Rob Williams and published by Carroll & Graf in 2006. Contributors Michael McAllister Sleeping Eros K.M. Soehnlein The Story I Told Myself Tom Dolby Preppies Are My Weekness Eric Karl Anderson Barbie Girls Raymonde C. Green Signs David Bahr No Matter What Happens Todd Pozycki The Lives and Deaths of Buffalo Butt Alexander Chee Dick Trebor Healey The Updshot Austin Bunn Guide Joe Jervis Terrence Horehound Sillpoint The Boy with the Questions and the Kid with the Answers Viet Dinh A Brief History of Industrial Music Michael Gardner The Competitive Lives of Twin Gays Francis Strand Five Stories of Francis Vestal McIntyre Mom voice D. Travers Scott Growing Up in Horror Lee Houck Inheritance Aaron Hamburger Whatever Happened to... Mike McGinty Peristalsis Jason Tougaw Aplysia californica External links http www.fromboystomen.com Official Site http www.facebook.com pages From Boys To Men Gay Men Write About Growing Up 125140530848651 Facebook Page http bible.gideonse.com Ted Gideonse s Blog http robwilliams.org Rob Williams s Blog Category 2006 books From Boys to Men Gay Men Write About Growing Up Category Anthologies From Boys to Men Gay Men Write About Growing Up Category Essay collections From Boys to Men Gay Men Write About Growing Up ... more details
refimprove date June 2010 Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 32948 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 277.87 ICDO OMIM 603041 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome MNGIE , also called myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome or POLIP syndrome , ref name omim OMIM 603041 ref is a rare autosome autosomal dominance genetics recessive ref name mnear cite pmid 19056268 ref mitochondrial disease usually appearing between the second and fifth decades of life. Unlike typical mitochondrial diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mtDNA mutations, MNGIE is caused by mutations in the ECGF1 TYMP gene, which encodes the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. ref name omim A secondary form of MNGIE, called MNGIE without leukoencephalopathy , can be caused by mutations in the POLG gene. ref name omim Signs and symptoms MNGIE is a multisystem disorder. Gastrointestinal symptoms may include gastrointestinal dysmotility possibly resulting in pseudo obstruction in which the muscular contractions peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract become inefficient causing malabsorption . Borborygmi stomach rumbling , early satiety, diarrhea, constipation, gastroparesis , nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diverticulitis . Neurological symptoms may include diffuse leukoencephalopathy , peripheral neuropathy , and myopathy .Ocular symptoms may include retinal degeneration, ophthalmoplegia paralysis of eye muscles , ptosis drooping eyelids . Those with MNGIE are often thin, experiencing continuous weight loss. References reflist External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part mngie GeneReview NIH UW entry on Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Disease Mitochondrial diseases Inborn errors of purine pyrimidine metabolism DEFAULTSORT Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Syndrome Category Mitochondrial diseases Category Rare diseases Category Syndromes Category Autosomal recessive di ... more details
Taxobox name Synaptidae image Synaptula lamperti Sea cucumber .jpg image caption Synaptula lamberti on a sponge regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Holothuroidea ia subclassis Apodacea ordo Apodida familia Synaptidae familia authority Hermann Burmeister Burmeister , 1837 ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 123182 World Register of Marine Species ref Synaptidae is a family of sea cucumber that have no tube feet , tentacle ampullae, retractor muscles, respiratory trees, or cuvierian organs. They also lack radial canals of the Sea cucumber Anatomy water vascular system , with only the circumoral ring present. ref Lambert, P. 1997. Sea cucumbers of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. Univ. of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. ref Synaptids are elongated and vermose and vary from small to quite large. Synapta maculata grows to two metres in length. They are quite active, moving by means of waves of Peristalsis peristaltic contractions. Their tegument is somewhat sticky because of the anchor like spicules that project through the skin. ref http species identification.org species.php?species group nasc&id 6&menuentry groepen Marine Species Identification Portal ref Genera Anapta Semper, 1868 Chondrocloea Ostergren, 1898 Dactylapta Epitomapta Heding, 1928 Euapta stergren, 1898 Eupatinapta Labidoplax stergren, 1898 Leptosynapta Verrill, 1867 Oestergrenia Heding, 1931 Oncinolabes Opheodesoma Fisher, 1907 Patinapta Heding, 1928 Pendekaplectana Polyplectana Clark, 1907 Protankyra stergren, 1898 Rhabdomolgus Keferstein, 1863 Rynkatorpa Rowe & Pawson, 1967 Synapta Eschscholtz, 1829 Synaptula Oersted, 1849 ref name WoRMS See also Synaptula lamperti References reflist Category Holothuroidea Echinoderm stub ... more details
No footnotes date September 2011 Infobox Disease Name Megaesophagus Image Chagas megaseophagus.JPG Caption Chagas disease Chagas megaseophagus DiseasesDB 31519 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 530.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Megaesophagus is a condition in humans, cat s and dog s where peristalsis fails to occur properly and the esophagus is enlarged. Normally, when the animal s esophagus is functioning properly, it acts as a muscle and pushes the food down the esophagus into the stomach . However, when an animal has megaesophagus, the esophagus stays enlarged and does not push the food down to the stomach. Therefore, the food fails to enter the stomach and often stays in the esophagus, and is eventually Regurgitation digestion regurgitated , or enters the lungs through breathing, or decays in the esophagus. In human pathology a condition known as achalasia may predispose a person to slowly develop megaesophagus. Achalasia is due to the loss of ganglion cell s of the myenteric plexus . It occurs mostly in middle aged adults. There is a marked lack of contraction within the muscles involved in peristalsis with a constant contraction of the Cardia lower esophageal sphincter . Dilation of the esophagus results in difficulty swallowing. Retention of food Bolus digestion bolus is also noted. Chagas disease is one cause of megaesophagus in humans. Achalasia also predisposes to Esophageal cancer esophageal carcinoma . Megaesophagus can also be a symptom of another disease in dogs called myasthenia gravis . Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease where the primary symptom is weakness in various body parts of the dog. However, when myasthenia gravis occurs in older dogs it is thought of as an immune mediated disease . Often when myasthenia gravis is diagnosed in older dogs the first symptom the dog may manifest is megaesophagus. Myasthenia gravis occurs when acetylcholine receptor s nicotinic acetylcholine receptors or AChRs fail to function properly. Due ... more details
reversed peristalsis , abdominal distention distortion, eructation , external hypersensitivity ... correction has been recently traced to the remaining prominence of reversed peristalsis in contrast to direct peristalsis. ref name wjgnet.com Yang, Wei Liang and Xin Chen Zhang. World Journal ... index.php?xmlFilePath journals ijge vol4n2 weight.xml ref except when reversed peristalsis persists ... to the remaining prominence of reversed peristalsis in contrast to direct peristalsis, although the precipitating factor the duodenal compression has been bypassed or relieved. Reversed peristalsis ... more details
, it sends signals to the brain, which tells the digestive muscles to restart peristalsis. Food that was left .... Appetite plays a big role in this situation. Peristalsis reoccurs about every hour, and one s appetite ... more details
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