SignSymptom infobox Name Petechia Image Vasculitis.JPG Caption Petechia and purpura on the low limb due to medication induced vasculitis . ICD10 ICD10 R 23 3 r 20 ICD9 ICD9 782.7 MeshID D011693 A petechia IPAc en icon p t i k i plural petechiae IPAc en p t i k . i is a small 1 2mm red or purple spot on the body, caused by a minor hemorrhage broken capillary blood vessel s . ref name Robbins Kumar, Vinay Abbas, Abul K. Fausto, Nelson & Mitchell, Richard N. 2007 . Robbins Basic Pathology 8th ed. . Saunders Elsevier. p. 86 ISBN 978 1 4160 2973 1 ref Petechiae refers to one of the three major classes of purpuric skin conditions. Purpuric eruptions are classified by size into three broad categories. Petechiae is generally used to refer to the smallest of the three classes of purpuric skin eruptions, those that measure less than 3 mm. Causes The most common cause of petechiae is through physical trauma such as a hard bout of coughing, vomiting or crying, which can result in facial petechiae, especially around the eyes. Petechiae in this instance are harmless and usually disappear within a few days. Petechiae may be a sign of thrombocytopenia low platelet counts when platelet function is inhibited e.g., as a side effect of medications or during certain infections , or in clotting factor deficiencies. ref name Robbins They may also occur when excessive pressure is applied to tissue e.g., when a tourniquet is applied to an extremity or with excessive coughing or vomiting . If unsure, petechiae should always be quickly investigated. They can be interpreted as vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels, which requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage. Some malignancies can also cause petechiae to appear. Petechiae should be investigated by a doctor to rule out the more dangerous conditions. Dermatologists can be the most helpful specialists ... References reflist Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Hemodynamics Wiktionary petechia ... more details
Blue skin may refer to Argyria , caused by the ingestion of elemental silver, silver dust or silver compounds Methemoglobinemia , the presence of excessive levels of Methemoglobin in the blood Cyanosis , caused by the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface Blue baby syndrome Purpura Bruise Petechia See also Blue people disambiguation disambig ... more details
Taxobox name Yellow Warbler status LC status system iucn3.1 image Dendroica petechia 001.jpg image width ... superfamilia Passeroidea familia Parulidae genus Dendroica species D. petechia binomial Dendroica petechia binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus , 1766 subdivision ranks Subspecies subdivision ... petechia is a New World warbler species or superspecies the subspecies group around D. p . aestiva ... . Description and taxonomy File Yellow warbler Dendroica Petechia Santa Cruz Las Bachas.jpg thumb left Female Mangrove Warbler at Las Bachas, Santa Cruz Gal pagos Islands File Dendroica petechia 2446949099.jpg ... Antilles File Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia Santa Cruz Puerto Ayorto c.jpg thumb left Breeding ... & Kadlec 2003 ref ref name Curson Curson et al . 1994 ref The 35 subspecies of D. petechia sensu lato ... Yellow Warbler is considered a species different from D. petechia Mangrove Warbler, including Golden ... World Bird List . ref name IOC The Golden Warbler petechia group 17 subspecies ref name Curson ... filename Dendroica petechia 001.ogg title Yellow Warbler aestiva group song description Recorded ... subspecies it belongs to the Golden Mangrove Warbler group ref D. p. petechia is listed as Endangered ... species entry.php?species Dendroica petechia Dendroica petechia sensu lato life history ... animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu site accounts information Dendroica petechia.html Dendroica petechia ... 149794 title Dendroica petechia downloaded 30 December 2008 aut Cunningham, Richard L. 1966 A Florida winter specimen of Dendroiva petechia gundlachi . Wilson Bulletin Wilson Bull. 78 2 232. http elibrary.unm.edu ... Sillett, T.S. & Robertson, R.J. 2008 Breeding Ecology of the Mangrove Warbler Dendroica petechia ... speciesProfile profile speciesProfile.action?spcode B0EN Dendroica petechia brewsteri . Retrieved ... ecos.fws.gov speciesProfile profile speciesProfile.action?spcode B03H Dendroica petechiapetechia . Retrieved ... http ecos.fws.gov speciesProfile profile speciesProfile.action?spcode B0F7 Dendroica petechia sonorana ... more details
italic title Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 Taxobox color khaki name Eimeria meleagrimitis regnum Protista phylum Apicomplexa classis Conoidasida ordo Eucoccidiorida familia Eimeriidae genus Eimeria species E. meleagrimitis Eimeria meleagrimitis is a species of Eimeria that causes congestion or petechia from the duodenum to the ileum with dilation of the jejunum and mucosal cast in the small intestines of turkeys . This moderate to severe pathogen is confirmed on necropsy followed by scrapings to view the oocysts under a microscope. Infection is more common in young turkeys poults , causing birds to appear unthrifty, suffer dehydration, and lose weight, leading to morbidity or mortality. DEFAULTSORT Eimeria Meleagridis Category Apicomplexa Protist stub Med stub ... more details
Diascopy is a test for Blanch medical blanchability performed by applying pressure with a finger or glass slide and observing color changes. ref name Lookingbill Marks, James G Miller, Jeffery 2006 . Lookingbill and Marks Principles of Dermatology 4th ed. . Elsevier Inc. Page 29. ISBN 1 4160 3185 5. ref It is used to determine whether a lesion is vascular inflammatory or nonvascular nevus or hemorrhagic petechia or purpura . Hemorrhagic lesions and nonvascular lesions do not blanch inflammatory lesions do. Diascopy is sometimes used to identify sarcoid skin lesions, which, when tested, turn an apple jelly color. References reflist Category Dermatologic terminology dermatology stub pl Diaskopia ... more details
A strawberry cervix is a finding upon examination where the cervix has a punctate and papilliform appearance. It is named because of the superficial appearance to a strawberry . As opposed to a more general inflammation of the cervix found in cervicitis , the strawberry cervix is considered to be selectively associated with Trichomonas infections. ref name urlCervicitis eMedicine Pediatrics Surgery cite web url http emedicine.medscape.com article 952934 overview title Cervicitis eMedicine Pediatrics Surgery format work accessdate 2010 03 15 ref See also strawberry tongue blueberry muffin baby petechia References reflist External links http depts.washington.edu nnptc online training std handbook gallery pages strawberrycervix.html http www.usc.edu student affairs Health Center adolhealth content b3stis3.html Reproductive system symptoms and signs Category Obstetrics med sign stub ... more details
Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute pasteurellosis , which occurs notably in cattle and water buffalo , and to lesser degrees in other ruminant s as well as other animals. It is caused by Pasteurella multocida bacteria, and can be rapidly fatal. ref http www.merckvetmanual.com mvm index.jsp?cfile htm bc 55600.htm The Merck Veterinary Manual, Hemorrhagic Septicemia Introduction ref It is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, dyspnea , salivation , hot painful subcutaneous swellings and submucosal petechia e and death in about 24 hours. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com hemorrhagic septicemia The Free Dictionary, Hemorrhagic ref See also Septicemia presence of microorganisms in the blood Avian hemorrhagic septicemia pasteurellosis in birds and fowl Viral hemorrhagic septicemia unrelated viral infection of fish References reflist veterinary med stub Category Animal diseases hi ... more details
larger than petechiae petechia 1 2 mm or less or pigmented purpuric dermatosis 0.3 to 1 ... to differentiate between purpura e, petechia e, and ecchymoses as descriptive technical terms. Other ... purpuric dermatosis petechiae petechia References reflist Hemodynamics General injuries Category Dermatologic ... more details
for the American poet Lia Purpura Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Vasculitis.JPG Caption Petechia and purpura on the low limb due to medication induced vasculitis DiseasesDB 25619 ICD10 ICD10 D 69 d 65 ICD9 ICD9 287 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D011693 Purpura from lang la purpura , meaning purple is the appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. They are caused by bleeding underneath the skin. Purpura measure 0.3 1 cm 3 10 mm , whereas petechia e measure less than 3 mm, and Ecchymosis ecchymoses greater than 1 cm. ref name Robbins cite book author Mitchell RS Kumar V Robbins SL Abbas AK Fausto N title Robbins basic pathology 8th ed. publisher Elsevier Saunders Elsevier location year 2007 pages 10 11 isbn 1 4160 2973 7 oclc doi accessdate ref This is common with typhus and can be present with meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal meningitis or Sepsis septicaemia . In particular, meningococcus Neisseria meningitidis , a Gram negative diplococci organism, releases endotoxin when it lyses. Endotoxin activates the Hageman factor clotting factor XII , which causes disseminated intravascular coagulation. The Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC is what appears as a rash on the affected individual. Classification Purpura is a common and nonspecific medical sign however, the underlying mechanism commonly involves one of the following Platelet Platelet disorders Thrombocytopenic purpura idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Primary thrombocytopenic purpura Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura Post transfusion purpura Vascular disorders Nonthrombocytopenic purpura Microvascular injury, as seen in senile old age purpura, when blood vessels are more easily damaged Hypertensive states Deficient vascular support Vasculitis , as in the case of Henoch Sch nlein ... See also Bruise Petechia Ecchymoses Purpura secondary to clotting disorders Food induced purpura Purpura ... more details
for the constricting device tourniquet Image Positive tourniquet test.gif thumb 250px A positive tourniquet test on the right side of a patient with dengue fever . Note the increased number of petechia . A tourniquet test also known as a Rumpel Leede Capillary Fragility Test or simply a capillary fragility test determines capillary fragility. It is a clinical medical diagnosis diagnostic method to determine a patient s bleeding haemorrhagic tendency. It assesses fragility of capillary walls and is used to identify thrombocytopenia a reduced platelet count . The test is defined by the World Health Organisation WHO as one of the necessary requisites for diagnosis of Dengue fever . A blood pressure cuff is applied and inflated to a point between the Systole medicine systolic and diastolic blood pressure s for five minutes. The test is positive if there are 10 or more petechiae per square inch. In DHF the test usually gives a definite positive result with 20 petechiae or more. ref http www.searo.who.int LinkFiles Regional Guidelines on Dengue DHF prevention & control searo 29.pdf ref This test does not have high specificity. Interfering factors with this test are women who are premenstrual, postmenstrual and not taking hormones, or those with sun damaged skin, since all will have increased capillary fragility. ref Pagana, & Pagana, 1998 Tsai, 2000 ref The test remains an essential part of the assessment of a patient who may have dengue haemorrhagic fever . References reflist Category Physical examination Med diagnostic stub de Rumpel Leede Test dv fr Test du tourniquet pl Objaw Rumpla Leedego ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Edwardsiella regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Enterobacteriales familia Enterobacteriaceae genus Edwardsiella genus authority R. Sakazaki et al. , 1962 species E. ictaluri Edwardsiella ictaluri also known as Enteric Septicaemia of Catfish , Hole in the Head Disease , and ESC is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterium is a short, gram negative , pleomorphism microbiology pleomorphic rod with flagella. It causes the disease enteric septicaemia of catfish ESC , which infects a variety of fish species including many catfish species, knifefish and Barb fish barbs . The bacteria can cause either acute septicaemia or chronic encephalitis in infected fish. Outbreaks normally occur in spring and autumn. E. ictaluri can be found in Asia and the United States , being of particular economic importance in the U.S. It is not a zoonosis . Clinical signs and diagnosis Acute ESC infection causes an acute septicaemia that presents as multiple petechia petechial haemorrhages that develop into depigmented Ulcer dermatology ulcers . Additional clinical signs include abnormal behavior, exophthalmos , hemorrhagic gastroenteritis , edema and ascites . Chronic ESC infection causes a chronic encephalitis . Clinical signs include abnormal behavior, abnormal swimming patterns, swelling and Ulcer dermatology ulceration of the head and death. Any fish that survive the infection become latent asymptomatic carrier carriers of the disease. A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the clinical signs alone but PCR , indirect immunofluorescence , bacterial culture and ELISA can be used to definitively diagnose the disease. Treatment and control Several antibiotics can be used to treat the disease, but there are reports of antibiotic resistance resistance emerging. Vaccination can be used to prevent disease. Management factors such as reducing stocking density and stress should be considered. See also Edwardsiella Ent ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Edwardsiella regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Enterobacteriales familia Enterobacteriaceae genus Edwardsiella genus authority R. Sakazaki et al. , 1962 species E. tarda binomial Edwardsiella tarda binomial authority Introduction Edwardsiella tarda is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterium is a Facultative anaerobic organism facultatively anaerobic , small, motile, Gram negative bacteria gram negative , straight rod with flagella . Infection causes Edwardsiella septicemia also known as ES, edwardsiellosis, emphysematous putrefactive disease of catfish, fish gangrene and red disease in channel fish, eels and flounder . It is a zoonosis and can infect a variety of animals including fish , amphibians , reptiles and mammals . E.tarda has a worldwide distribution it is found in mud and the intestine of fish and other marine animals. It is spread by carrier animal faeces. Clinical Signs & Diagnosis Infection can cause organomegaly, ocular disease, rectal prolapse, ecchymosis and erosions on the skin, inflammation of the gills, oedema, ascites , abnormal behavior and haemorrhage throughout the body. On Autopsy postmortem fish are normally pale with widespread petechia petechial haemorrhage and Abscess abscessation . It can cause a variety of signs in humans including gastroenteritis , meningitis and peritonitis . A presumptive diagnosis may be made based on the history, clinical signs and autopsy findings. However E. tarda can be bacterial culture cultured on specific growth medium growth mediums such as brain heart infusion agar and techniques such as Immunofluorescence indirect fluorescent antibody testing , ELISA and Loop mediated isothermal amplification loop mediated isothermal amplification LAMP can be used to confirm diagnosis. Treatment & Control Antibiotics should be used to treat infected fish. Control of the disease is achieved by vaccination . There are three vaccine types and the ... more details
ref improve date September 2011 Inclusion Body Rhinitis , also known as IBR or Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease , is a pig disease caused by porcine cytomegalovirus, which is a member of the Herpesviridae herpesvirus family. It is a notifiable disease that is found worldwide. It is spread both Vertical transmission vertically and Horizontal transmission horizontally and prevalence is high. It is not a zoonosis but the risk to humans that receive pig organ transplants is currently under investigation. Clinical signs Clinical signs are normally only seen in either piglets less than 3 weeks old or pregnant sows. Signs in piglets include rhinitis , pneumonia , anaemia , Pyrexia fever and sudden death. Black discoloration around the eyes is often seen and gastrointestinal and neurological signs are also reported. Signs in pregnant sows include reproductive failure, genital Ulcer ulceration and agalactia . Diagnosis A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the history and clinical signs. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by Direct fluorescent antibody direct or Indirect fluorescent antibody indirect fluorescent antibody testing FAT , PCR , Autopsy post mortem signs include petechia and pulmonary congestion , histopathology or electron microscopy . Treatment and control Often no treatment is required. However, as porcine cytomegalovirus is a Herpesviridae herpes virus it remains latent and sheds at times of stress. Therefore husbandry measures to minimise stress levels should be in place. See also Herpesviridae Cytomegalovirus References Inclusion body rhinitis , reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Inclusion Body Rhinitis, accessed 08 09 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases veterinary med stub ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Chicken anaemia virus virus group ii familia Circoviridae genus Circovirus species Chicken anaemia virus Introduction Chicken anaemia virus , or CAV , is a member of the circoviridae family. It is a non enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA virus. Infection causes anaemia , bone marrow atrophy , and severe immunosuppression in poultry as the virus affects the production of red blood cells RBC , white blood cells WBC and platelets . Clinical signs of CAV infection are predominantly found in young chicks due to vertical transmission from the breeder hens whose Passive immunity maternal antibodies have not yet formed following exposure. Clinical disease is rare today because of the widespread practice of vaccinating breeders, but the subclinical form of the disease which normally affects birds more than two weeks of age following horizontal transmission of the virus via the Fecal oral route oro faecal route is ubiquitous. Additionally, the virus is very resistant in the environment, making elimination very difficult. It is not a zoonosis . ref cite journal author Sommer F, Cardona C title Chicken anemia virus in broilers dynamics of the infection in two commercial broiler flocks journal Avian Dis. volume 47 issue 4 pages 1466 73 year 2003 pmid 14708998 doi 10.1637 7048 ref The vaccine has the ATCvet code ATCvet I01 AD04 The disease virus has many names including chicken anaemia, blue wing disease, anaemia dermatitis syndrome, chicken avian infectious anaemia, haemorrhagic aplastic anaemia syndrome, infectious chicken anaemia, chicken infectious anaemia virus and chicken anaemia agent. Clinical signs and diagnosis Clinical signs include a pale comb, wattle, eyelids, legs and carcass, Anorexia symptom anorexia , weakness, stunting, unthriftiness, weight loss, cyanosis , petechia tion and ecchymoses , lethargy and sudden death. Neurological signs include dullness, depression and paresis . Subclinical infection my cause reduced growth rates an ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Junin virus virus group v familia Arenavirus Arenaviridae genus Arenavirus species Junin virus Morphology and genome structure The Junin virus virion is viral envelope enveloped with a variable diameter of between 50 and 300 nm. The surface of the particle encompasses a layer of T shaped glycoprotein extensions, extending up to 10 nm from the envelope, which are important for mediating attachment and entry into host cells. The Junin virus genome comprises two single stranded RNA molecules, each encoding two different genes in an sense molecular biology ambisense orientation. The two segments are termed short S and long L due to their respective lengths. The short segment around 3400 nucleotides in length encodes the nucleocapsid protein and the glycoprotein precursor GPC . The GPC is subsequently cleaved to form two viral glycoproteins, GP1 and GP2 which ultimately form the T shaped glycoprotein spike which extends from the viral envelope. http virology.ifas.ufl.edu course Arenavirus.ppt 285,14,Slide14 . The long segment around 7200 nucleotides in length encodes the viral polymerase and a zinc binding protein. It is spread by rodents Epidemiology and disease A member of the genus Arenavirus , Junin virus characteristically causes Argentine hemorrhagic fever AHF . AHF leads to major alterations within the Blood vessel vascular , nervous system neurological and immune system immune systems and has a mortality rate of between 20 and 30 . ref name VBI cite web url http pathport.vbi.vt.edu pathinfo pathogens Junin virus.html title Junin Virus publisher Virginia Bioinformatics Institute , Virginia Tech author Rebecca Wattam year 2004 ref Symptoms of the disease are conjunctivitis , purpura , petechia and occasional sepsis . The symptoms of the disease are relatively indistinct and may therefore be mistaken for a different condition. Since the discovery of the Junin virus in 1958, the geographical distribution of the pathogen, although s ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Dendroica image Dendroica fusca 001.jpg image width 250px image caption Blackburnian Warbler, Dendroica fusca regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Parulidae genus Dendroica genus authority George Robert Gray G.R. Gray , 1842 Dendroica is a genus of birds of the New World Warbler family Parulidae. It contains 29 species . The males in breeding plumage are often highly colorful. The Dendroica warblers are an example of adaptive radiation with the various species using different feeding techniques and often feeding in different parts of the same tree. Taxonomy Recent genetic research has suggested that Dendroica and Setophaga should be merged. As the name Setophaga published in 1827 takes priority over Dendroica published in 1842 , those who accept the merger transfer all the species below to Setophaga . ref Lovette, I. J. et al. 2010 . A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae Aves . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57 2 753 770. http www.mendeley.com research comprehensive multilocus phylogeny woodwarblers revised classification parulidae aves Abstract ref This change has been accepted by the American Ornithologists Union AOU ref Chesser, R. T. et al. 2011 . Fifty Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists Union Check list of North American Birds. Auk 128 3 600 613 http www.aou.org auk content 128 3 0600 0613.pdf fulltext ref and the International Ornithological Congress IOC . ref name IOC IOC World Bird List http www.worldbirdnames.org n finches.html Family Parulidae ref List of species File Audubon Dendroica.jpg thumb right Audubon s Dendroica Yellow Warbler American Yellow Warbler , Dendroica aestiva Mangrove Warbler , Dendroica petechia formerly included in Yellow Warbler ref name IOC Chestnut sided Warbler , Dendroica pensylvanica Magnolia Warbler , Dendroica magnolia Cape May Warbler , Dendroica tigrina Black throa ... more details
Warbler Dendroica petechiapetechia is also threatened, mostly due to loss of its mangrove swamp habitat ref Citation last1 Bachynski first1 K. last2 Kadlec first2 M. title Dendroica petechia ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Fat embolism.JPEG Caption Haematoxylin and eosin stain of a microscopic section of the lungs showing a blood vessel with fibrin fibrinoid material and an optical empty space indicative of the presence of lipid dissolved during the staining process. DiseasesDB 4766 ICD10 ICD10 O 88 8 o 85 , ICD10 T 79 1 t 79 ICD9 ICD9 673.8 , ICD9 958.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 652 MeshID D004620 A fat embolism is a type of embolism that is often caused by physical trauma such as fracture of long bones, soft tissue trauma and burns. Presentation Unlike emboli that arise from thrombi blood clots , fat emboli are small and multiple, and thus have widespread effects. Fat embolism syndrome FES is distinct from the presence of fat emboli. Symptoms usually occur 1 3 days after a traumatic injury and are predominantly pulmonary shortness of breath, hypoxemia , neurological agitation, delirium, or coma , dermatological Petechia petechial rash , and haematological anaemia, low platelets . The syndrome manifests more frequently in Bone fracture Orthopedic closed fractures of the pelvis or long bones. The petechial rash, which usually resolves in 5 7 days is said to be pathognomonic for the syndrome, but only occurs in 20 50 of cases. Fat emboli occur in almost 90 of all patients with severe injuries to bones, although only 10 of these are symptomatic. The risk of fat embolism syndrome is thought to be reduced by early immobilization of fractures and especially by early operative correction. There is also some evidence that steroid prophylaxis of high risk patients reduces the incidence. The mortality rate of fat embolism syndrome is approximately 10 20 ref name http www.springerlink.com content w367p34713486761 SURGERY TODAY Volume 37, Number 1, 5 8, DOI 10.1007 s00595 006 3307 5 ref . br Common Causes br 1. Traumatic fracture of long bones, Accidents, trauma to soft tissues br 2. non traumatic burns, fatty liver ref Harsh Mohan ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
