refimprove date January 2009 Photographicprocessing is the chemical means by which photographic film and photographic paper paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image . Photographicprocessing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent ..., and reduces the number of processing steps. ref Photographic Almanac, 1956, p. 429 423 ref ... often used aldehydes, such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde . In modern processing, these hardening steps are unnecessary because the film emulsion is sufficiently hardened to withstand the processing chemicals. Further processing see also photographic print toning Black and white emulsions both ... era began. See also List of photographic processes Fogging photography Fogging Darkroom Cross processing ... Ilford guide to processing black & white film Photography DEFAULTSORT PhotographicProcessing Category ... K 14 process. Kodachrome film production ceased in 2009, and K 14 processing is no longer ... other baths are less sensitive. Black and white negative processing The film may be soaked in water to swell the gelatin layer. The photographic developer developer converts the latent image .... The photographic fixer fixer makes the image permanent and light resistant by dissolving ... onto a sheet of photographic paper. There are many different techniques that can be used during ... adjustment, retouching, and or manipulation. sup sup In modern automatic processing machines, the stop ... of the fixing bath with the developer. Black and white reversal processing This process ... image. Finally, the film is fixed, washed, dried and cut. ref Photographic Almanac, 1956, p. 149 155 ref Colour processing Chromogenic materials use dye couplers to form colour images. Modern ... is known as Photographic print toning toning . In selenium toning, the image silver is changed .... citation needed date January 2009 Processing apparatus Before processing, the film must be removed ... more details
a contact print contact printer or enlarger PhotographicprocessingProcessing of the latent image using ...refimprove date November 2008 Photographic printing is the process of producing a final image on paper for viewing, using photographic paper chemically sensitized paper . The paper is exposed to a photographic Negative photography negative , a positive reversal film transparency or slide , or a digital image file projected using an enlarger or digital exposure unit such as a LightJet printer. Alternatively, the negative or transparency may be placed atop the paper and directly exposed, creating a contact ... , but this is not considered photographic printing . Following exposure, the paper is Photographicprocessing processed to reveal and make permanent the latent image . Printing on black and white paper The process consists of four major steps, performed in a photographic darkroom or within an automated ... emulsion Washing thoroughly to remove processing chemicals protects the finished print from fading and deterioration .... Prints can be chemically toned or hand colouring hand coloured after processing. ref Citation last ... paper Kodak Panalure is a panchromatic black and white photographic printing paper. Panalure was developed ... specific chemical processing in proprietary chemicals. Today s processes are called RA 4 , which ... to red , green and blue light. Upon processing, colour couplers produce cyan , magenta and yellow dyes, representing the true colours of the subject. The processing sequence is very similar to the C 41 process . ref http shutterbug.com techniques film processing 0902sb ever RA 4 paper ref Rollei make ... transparencies. The colour dyes are incorporated into the paper and bleached during processing ... See also Contact print Film developing Gelatin silver process List of photographic processes Photographic paper Photographic print toning Standard photographic print sizes photography subject Category Photographic processes Category Non impact printing de Ausbelichtung fa ... more details
Photographic fixer is a chemical or a mix of chemicals used in the final step in the photographicprocessing of film or paper. The fixer stabilises the image, removing the unexposed silver halide remaining on the photographic film or photographic paper , leaving behind the reduced metallic silver that forms the image, making it insensitive to further action by light. Without fixing, the remaining silver halide would quickly darken and cause fogging of the image. The most common salts used are sodium thiosulfate commonly called hypo and Thiosulfate ammonium thiosulfate commonly used in modern rapid fixer formulae. ref name Sowerby cite book last Sowerby Ed. first A.L.M. title Dictionary of Photography A Reference Book for Amateur and Professional Photographers publisher Illife Books Ltd. date 1961 location London pages 324 326 ref Fixer is used for processing all commonly used films, including black and white films, Kodachrome , and chromogenic films. In chromogenic films, the remaining silver must be removed by a chemical called a bleach fix, sometimes shortened to blix . This contains a mixture of ammonium thiosulphate and ferrous EDTA , a powerful Chelate chelating agent. After fixation, Washing photography washing is important to remove the exhausted chemicals from the emulsion, which cause image deterioration if left in place. References reflist See also Film developing photography subject Category Photographic chemicals Category Photographic processes bg cs Ustalova de Fixiermittel es Fijador fr Fixateur it Fissaggio fotografico nl Fixeer ja pl Utrwalacz ru fi Kiinnite sv Fixeringsv tska ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 Photographic emulsion is a light sensitive colloid , such as gelatin , coated onto a Substrate materials science substrate . In Gelatin silver process silver gelatin photography , the emulsion consists of silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin , and the substrate may be glass, plastic film, paper or fabric. Photographic emulsion is not a true emulsion , but is a suspension chemistry suspension of solid particles in a fluid. The word emulsion is established usage in photography and photographic science. Sensitizing solutions for non silver gelatin processes, such as Chromate and dichromate dichromated colloid processes, cyanotype and kallitype are sometimes called emulsions . Components Photographic emulsion is fine suspension of insoluble light sensitive crystals in a colloid sol colloid sol , usually containing gelatin. The light sensitive component is one or a mixture of silver halide s silver bromide, chloride and iodide. The gelatin is used as a binder since it acts as a semi permeable membrane, allowing processing agents e.g., developer, fixer, toners, etc. in aqueous solution to enter the colloid without dislodging the crystals. Other polymer macromolecules are often blended, but gelatin has not been entirely replaced. The light exposed crystals are reduced by the photographic developer developer to black metallic silver particles that form the image. Colour film s and papers usually have multiple layers of emulsion, with dye couplers added. Layers of dye are coated between emulsion layers to act as optical filter s. Manufacture A solution of silver nitrate is mixed into a warm gelatin solution containing potassium bromide, sodium ... silver gelatin emulsions http rockaloid.com Contemporary photographic emulsion based on historical silver gelatin formula DEFAULTSORT Photographic Emulsion Category Science of photography Processes, photographic Category Photographic chemicals ca Emulsi fotogr fica de Fotoemulsion es Emulsi n ... more details
Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a target medium in photography. A light sensitive emulsion of silver salts was applied to a glass plate . This form of photographic material largely ... fragile films were introduced. However, photographic plates were still in use by some photography .... Such plates respond to 2 of light received. Glass plates were far superior to Photographic film film ... uses Astronomy Many famous astronomical survey s were taken using photographic plates, including the first ... Sonneberg , maintain large archives of photographic plates, which are used primarily for historical research on variable star s. Many solar system objects were discovered by using photographic plates, superseding earlier visual methods. Discovery of minor planet s using photographic plates was pioneered ... discovered using photographic plates was Phoebe moon Phoebe in 1898. Pluto was discovered using photographic .... Physics Photographic plates were also an important tool in early high energy physics , as they get ..., cosmic radiation as it left traces on stacks of photographic plates, which he left for that purpose ... of certain types of photographic plates to ionizing radiation usually X ray s is also useful ... Use of photographic plates has declined significantly since the early 1980s, replaced by charge coupled ... light response, and simplified image acquisition and Digital image processingprocessing . However ... resolution resolution of most photographic plates, which has forced modern survey cameras to use ... Research Institute PARI to develop a national plan for the preservation of astronomical photographic data. They established the Astronomical Photographic Data Archive APDA , housed at PARI and dedicated to the task of collecting, restoring, preserving and storing photographic data. APDA is also tasked ... on the PARI campus, the APDA now has a director and a collection of more than 100,000 photographic ... am Main 1999 , ISBN 3 8171 1599 7 Wayne Osborn, Lee Robbins Preserving Astronomy s Photographic Legacy ... more details
The contrast of photographic papers can also be controlled during processing or by the use of bleaches ... permanence The longevity of any photographic print media will depend upon the processing, display and storage ...about light sensitive photographic media digital printing media Photo printer and Inkjet paper Photographic paper is coated paper paper coated with light sensitive chemicals, used for making photographic print s. Photographic paper is exposed to light in a controlled manner, either by placing a Negative photography negative in contact with the paper directly to produce a contact print , by using an photographic ... or Lambda to create a latent image , by exposing in some types of camera to produce a photographic ... objects upon it to produce photogram s. Photographic papers are subsequently Film developing ... photographic print sizes standard sizes . History The effect of light in darkening a prepared paper ... paper 22 ref Photographic papers have been used since the beginning of all negative photography negative positive Photography photographic processes as developed and popularized by Fox Talbot William Fox Talbot Great Britain 1841 calotype . Traditional photographic papers are still sold commercially today. Types of photographic papers Image Types of Photographic Papers.png thumb Photographic ... and copied onto a photographic paper, for example the Ilfochrome process. Structure All photographic papers consist of a light sensitive Photographic emulsion emulsion , consisting of silver ... and yellow dyes dye during processing. Base materials Black and white papers Modern black and white ... based FB or Baryta photographic papers consist of a paper base coated with a Barium sulphate baryta ... above the emulsion which protects it from physical damage, especially during processing. This is called ... prints for exhibition, display and archiving purposes. These papers require careful processing and handling, especially when wet. However, they are easier to Photographic print toning tone , Hand coloring ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Photographic quantity also known as photoquantity is a measure of the amount of light received by a sensor , such as a camera , in dimensionless units that account for information lost by integration over the optical spectrum spectral response of the sensor, while otherwise preserving the linear relationship involved in the interaction of light through one or more Exposure photography exposures . The photoquantity is neither radiometric nor Photometry optics photometric . The photoquantity is not radiometric because the sensor, camera, or the like, is not an ideal receiving antenna. Rather, the sensor has some non flat spectral response. The photoquantity is not photometric, because the sensor s spectral response does not necessarily match the spectral response of the human eye. Photoquantities are often involved in the solutions to comparametric equation s, appear in research papers dealing with image processing , and are also used in the production of visual art made from multiple differently illuminated pictures of the same subject matter. External links http wearcam.org dusting Gallery of Lightvector paintings http iul.eng.fiu.edu candocia Publications Publications.htm Research papers Category Imaging Category Science of photography ... more details
speed ISO 125 22 Photographic film is a sheet of plastic polyester , Polyethylene terephthalate PET , nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate coated with an photographic emulsion emulsion containing light ..., in a process called film developing . In black and white photographic film there is usually one layer ... use, there are now around one trillion pictures on photographic film or photographic paper ... types of photographic film, including Print film, when developed, turns into a Negative ... contact as light shines through it onto photographic paper which in turn is itself developed ... and improve color accuracy. Although color processing is more complex and temperature sensitive than black and white processing, the great popularity of color and minimal use of black and white ... s for mass market printing . Photographic prints can be produced from reversal film, but the process ... to enable B&W reversal processing to be done by home processors, but most are discontinued. B&W transparencies can be produced from almost all B&W films. ref name Haist Haist, Grant, Modern PhotographicProcessing . ref In order to produce a usable image, the film needs to be exposure photography exposed ... sensitivity of photographic emulsions in 1876. Their work enabled the first quantitative measure .... A film with a particular ISO rating can be Push processing push processed , or pushed , to behave ... in the 1850s, thin glass plates coated with photographic emulsion became the standard medium. Although fragile and heavy, the glass used for photographic plates was of better optical quality than ... persisted long after the introduction of film. Eastman Kodak marketed the first flexible photographic ... of the processing, the image bearing layer was stripped from the paper base and transferred to a glass ... Early photographic plates and films were usefully sensitive only to blue, violet and ultraviolet light ... niche applications. Effect on lens and equipment design Photographic lenses and equipment are designed ... more details
Photographic hypersensitization refers to a set of processes that can be applied to photographic film or photographic plate plates before Exposure photography exposing . One or more of these processes is often needed to make photographic materials work better in long exposures. Most photographic materials ... time and intensity in photographic exposure journal J. Opt. Soc. Am. doi 10.1364 JOSA.7.001079 volume ... between time and intensity in photographic exposure volume 11 page 319 year 1925 doi ... author journal J. Opt. Soc. Am. title On the relationship between time and intensity in photographic .... Am. volume 13 page 443 title On the relationship between time and intensity in photographic exposure ... 4 ref The reciprocal relationship between flux and exposure time for photographic film implies that at a given light flux, doubling the exposure time would double the photographic effect. This holds ... failure A developable photographic latent image forms when crystals of silver halide in an emulsion ... crystal receiving enough light to form an image that will catalysis catalyze the action of the Photographic ... hypersensitization Gas hypersensitization is the process of soaking or flushing the photographic ..., R title Mercury Hypersensitization of Photographic Plates bibcode 1938BHarO.907...36W ... of Photographic Plates doi 10.1364 JOSA.30.000508 journal J. Opt. Soc. Am. volume 30 page 508 ... latent image speck that catalyzes the development of the whole silver halide crystal. Photographic ... were either developed immediately or stored at low temperatures before processing. Cold camera It had ... author Webb, J. H. title The Effect of Temperature upon Reciprocity Law Failure in Photographic ...., Barber, D. R. and Edwards, D. L title The fog effect in photographic astro and spectro photometry ... Webb, J. C. and Evans, C. H. title On improving the sensitivity of photographic plates to low intensity .... In photographic terms, preflashing lowered contrast and improved the shadow detail without significantly ... more details
Refimprove date October 2010 A photographic assistant , also known as an assistant photographer or a photographer s assistant , is an individual with both photographic and related skills who assists a professional photographer . ref cite book last Kieffer first John title The Photographer s Assistant year 2001 publisher Allworth Press location New York url http books.google.com books?id OW7rL20sdKUC ref The work of an assistant photographer is often referred to simply as assisting . The photo assistant is most often employed on a freelance basis, but in some instances photo assistants are full time employees primarily in major markets and with big name photographers. The latter will often involve assisting a studio or location photographer, not just helping out on shoots but also carrying out the mundane day to day running of the studio. A freelance assistant, on the other hand, will typically assist a number of different photographers on a shoot by shoot basis. Previously, the main tasks of the photographic assistant would be loading and processing film primarily 35mm, 120 and 220 roll films, & 4x5, 5x7, 8x10 and 11x14 sheet film , setting up lights, doing meter reading, and color temperature readings, shooting lighting test Polaroid s, and basically presenting the photographer with a set that is ready for the photographer to simply press the button and create the images. Now with Digital having replaced traditional film photography, the photographers assistant also needs to be a highly skilled lighting technician as these skills are no longer being pass on by photographers, who themselves are less technically proficient than there counter parts 20 years ago. ref cite book ... done a fairly adequate job of exposing their students to a great deal of traditional photographic ... in limited to 10 12 people. APA Photo Assistant Training An event promoted by the APA photographic ... Training A copy of the APA event An event promoted by the ASMP photographic group with a great ... more details
Before the advent of photometer s which accurately measure the brightness of astronomical objects, the apparent magnitude of an object was obtained by taking a picture of it with a camera . These images, made on Photographic film photoemulsive film or photographic plate plates , were more sensitive to the blue end of the electromagnetic spectrum visual spectrum than the human eye or modern photometers. As a result, bluer stars have a lower i.e. brighter photographic magnitude than their modern visual magnitude , because they appear brighter on the photograph than they do to modern photometers. Conversely, redder stars have a higher i.e. fainter photographic magnitude than visual magnitude, because they appear dimmer. For example, the red supergiant star KW Sagittarii has a photographic magnitude of 11.0 to 13.2 but a visual magnitude of about 8.5 to 11. It is also common for star charts to list a blue magnitude B such as with S Doradus and WZ Sagittae . The symbol for apparent photographic magnitude is m sub pg sub and the symbol for absolute magnitude absolute photographic magnitude is M sub pg sub . ref name Nor cite book last Norton first Arthur P. title Norton s Star Atlas year 1973 page 29 isbn 0 85248 900 5 quote apparent photographic magnitude ref The photographic magnitude scale is now considered obsolete . clarifyme date April 2009 as of when, 2000 maybe? Expand this to show movement to photometric or other magnitude scales? See also Absolute magnitude Apparent magnitude Magnitude astronomy Notes Reflist astronomy stub Category Astrophysics pt Magnitude fotogr fica ru sr uk ... more details
refimprove date February 2009 cleanup date February 2009 In the Photographicprocessingprocessing of photographic films , plates or papers, the photographic developer or just developer is a chemical that makes the latent image on the film or print visible. It does this by Redox reducing the silver halide s that have been exposed to light to elemental silver in the gelatine matrix. As a generalisation, the longer a developer is allowed to work, the greater the degree of reduction of the silver halide crystals to silver and therefore the darker the image. History At the start of photography a wide range of developing agents were experimented with including human urine. Very soon more successful agents came into use such as salts of iron such as Ferrous oxalate iron oxalate , Iron II sulfate iron sulfate and iron lactate as in the ferrotype , Collodion process wet plate and ambrotype processes. Formula For black and white photography, the developer is typically a mixture of metol monomethyl p aminophenol hemisulfate , phenidone 1 phenyl 3 pyrazolidinone or dimezone 4,4 dimethyl 1 phenylpyrazolidin 3 one and hydroquinone ref Dictionary of Photography, 1890, p115 ref benzene 1,4 diol . These are made up in aqueous solution with a suitable alkaline agent such as sodium carbonate , borax , or sodium hydroxide to create the appropriately high pH and with sodium sulfite to delay oxidation ... it in a thiosulfate solution, a process called photographic fixer fixing . Most commercial film ... used are derivates of paraphenylene diamine . In colour negative films, ref Photographic Almanac ... is used for 6 00 at 100.4 Fahrenheit F 38 Celsius C , with more time yielding push processing ... II EDTA Fe EDTA Ag Br Fe EDTA AgBr before fixing, and final wash. The most common processing chemistry ..., Watson and Viney Ltd year 1890 location London cite book first last The British Journal title Photographic ... subject DEFAULTSORT Photographic Developer Category Photographic chemicals Category Photographic ... more details
File COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Het interieur van de fotostudio Stafhell & Kleingrothe in Medan. TMnr 60001724.jpg thumb right Stafhell & Kleingrothe photo studio, 1898, in the Netherlands. File Remix Monkeys Dance Clan group pose.jpg thumb right UK based Remix Monkeys Dance Clan, photographed in a modern studio. A photographic studio is both a workspace and a corporation corporate body. As a workspace it is much like an studio artist s studio , but providing space to take, develop, print and duplicate photography photographs . Photographic training and the display of finished photographs may also be accommodated in a photographic studio. Accordingly, the workspace may possess a darkroom , storage space, a studio proper where photographs are taken, and a display room, as well as space for other related work. As a corporate entity, a photographic studio is a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others photographs. Since the early years of the 20th century the corporate functions of a photographic studio have increasingly been called a photographic agency, leaving the term photographic studio to refer almost exclusively to the workspace. References commons category Photographic studios http www.getty.edu vow AATFullDisplay?find studio&logic AND¬e &english N&prev page 1&subjectid 300157460 Art & Architecture Thesaurus, s.v. studios organizations . Accessed 31 January 2008. http www.getty.edu vow AATFullDisplay?find studio&logic AND¬e &english N&prev page 1&subjectid 300007725 Art & Architecture Thesaurus, s.v. studios work spaces . Accessed 31 January 2008. Category Photography ca Estudi fotogr fic cs Fotografick ateli r de Fotostudio es Estudio fotogr fico fr Studio photographique hu F nyk p szeti st di ja ru sv Fotostudio zh fa ... more details
of their latest designs, which led to the adoption of photographic grey in railway photography. Usage ... poor levels of detail with the Photographic plate glass plate camera technology of the time, especially .... Early photographic emulsion film emulsion s were orthochromatic , insensitive to red light, and so ... reproduced well on the photographic plates and picked out the shadows and shading produced by the various ... painted in two shades of photographic grey to further pick out detail and with a variation on the company .... Decline When photographic film of a suitable sensitivity became commonplace in the 1920s the use of photographic grey for railway photography began to decline, as photographs could record suitable ... , the exact opposite of photographic grey was used. Locomotives were painted in colour schemes ... Tornado Peppercorn Class A1 steam locomotive Tornado was completed, it was painted in photographic grey. This was not primarily for photographic reasons, but to allow the testing and checking of the locomotive ... green in December 2008. Other uses Objects other than locomotives have been painted in photographic ... Line s third Olympic class ocean liner , the HMHS Britannic Britannic was painted photographic grey ... Steam locomotive works photographs in photographic grey Ellis, H. 1968 The Pictorial Encyclopedia ... National Railway Museum locomotive collection pages. DEFAULTSORT Photographic Grey Category Photographic techniques ... more details
unref date September 2011 Photographic lighting is the illumination of scenes to be Photography photographed . A photograph simply records patterns of light, colour, and shade lighting is all important in controlling the image. In many cases even illumination is desired to give an accurate rendition of the scene. In other cases the direction, brightness, and colour of light are manipulated for effect. Lighting is particularly important for monochrome photography, where there is no colour information, only the interplay of Shadow In photography highlights and shadow s. Lighting and Photographic exposure exposure are used to create effects such as Low key lighting low key and High key lighting high key . The main sources of light for photography are Daylight, which varies with the weather and the time of day. Different techniques are necessary to take best advantage of, say, brilliant sunshine, and an overcast evening. Continuous Electric light artificial light , which may be normal lighting, or produced by special photoflood lights. The properties of different light sources vary household incandescent lighting , fluorescent lighting , Electric light Discharge lamp sodium discharge street lighting , etc., are very different and produce different results, and require different correction if a subjectively neutral rendition of colours is required. A bright and very brief Flash photography photographic flash from a single position usually very close to the camera or, in a studio environment, from several. For special purposes lightning , electric sparks, firework s, moonlight, or other light sources may be exploited. Category Photographic lighting photography stub ... more details
LAT Photographic is a motoring photographic agency owned by Haymarket Images, itself part of the United Kingdom British media company Haymarket Group . Established in the 1960s as London Art Technical , the company covers major motorsport competitions such as the Formula One , World Rally Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , British Touring Car Championship , NASCAR Cup Series , IndyCar Series and Grand Prix motorcycle racing , and provides pictures for magazines like Autosport , Autocar , F1 Racing and Motorsport. LAT has a motoring and motor sport picture collection with over 12 million images, 500,000 of which are hosted in their website. External links http www.latphoto.co.uk LAT official website Category Photography companies of the United Kingdom Category Photo archives Category Auto racing media Category Automobile related media ... more details
File Filters 6187.jpg thumb 250px right Four photographic filters. Clockwise, from top left, an infrared hot mirror filter, a Polarizer polarising filter , and a UV filter . The larger filter is a polariser for Photographic filter Square filters Cokin style filter mounts . In photography and videography , a filter is a camera accessory consisting of an filter optics optical filter that can be inserted in the optical path. The filter can be a square or oblong shape mounted in a holder accessory, or, more commonly, a glass or plastic disk with a metal or plastic ring frame, which can be screwed in front of or clipped onto the Lens optics lens . Filters modify the images recorded. Sometimes they are used to make only subtle changes to images other times the image would simply not be possible without them. In monochrome photography coloured filters affect the relative brightness of different colours red lipstick may be rendered as anything from almost white to almost black with different filters. Others change the colour balance of images, so that photographs under incandescent lighting show ... as photographic filters, but in practice often need far more accurately controlled optical properties and precisely defined transmission curve s than filters exclusively for photographic use. Photographic .... The article on Filter optics optical filters has material relevant to photographic filters. Uses ... photographic film and sensors are sensitive, but not the human eye. A UV filter passes all or most ... orange reddish cast of incandescent photographic photoflood lighting for which the usual photographic ..., the dynamic range of the digital image sensor or film may be exceeded, which post processing ... Color gel Filter optics List of photographic equipment makers References reflist External links http ... Photographic filters photography subject Category Photography equipment Category Optical filters ... pt Filtro fotogr fico si simple Photographic filter fi Suodin valokuvaus sv Fotografiska ... more details
Infobox television show name Photographic Horizons image caption format Discussion runtime 30 minutes creator starring country USA network DuMont Television Network DuMont first aired January 12, 1949 last aired March 7, 1949 num episodes Photographic Horizons was a United States television series where panelists discussed the art and science of photography . The show aired on Wednesdays at 8 30pm on the now defunct DuMont Television Network . ref http www.imdb.com title tt0320919 IMDB entry ref ref http www.dumonthistory.tv a2.html DuMont History website ref Episode status A single kinescope recording of this series survives at the Paley Center for Media , dating from August 25, 1948 when the show was still on a local DuMont station. Ref http www.paleycenter.org collection item ?q Photographic Horizons&p 1&item B 05450 Paley Center for Media ref This in fact is one of the oldest surviving records of a live television program and runs a total of 55 minutes, and may represent two episodes. See also List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts References reflist Bibliography David Weinstein, The Forgotten Network DuMont and the Birth of American Television Philadelphia Temple University Press , 2004 ISBN 1 59213 245 6 Alex McNeil, Total Television , Fourth edition New York Penguin Books , 1980 ISBN 0 14 024916 8 Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows , Third edition New York Ballantine Books , 1964 ISBN 0 345 31864 1 External links http www.imdb.com title tt0320919 Photographic Horizons at IMDb http www.dumonthistory.tv a2.html DuMont historical website Category Black and white television programs Category 1940s American television series Category DuMont Television Network shows Nonfiction tv prog stub ... more details
Distinguish color filter mosaic Image Mosaicr seagull.jpg thumb 200px A photographic mosaic of a sea gull made from pictures of bird s and other nature photos using hexagon al tiles In the field of photographic imaging, a photographic mosaic , also known under the term Photomosaic , a portmanteau of photo and mosaic , is a picture usually a photograph that has been divided into usually equal sized rectangular sections, each of which is replaced with another photograph that matches the target photo. ref name Cartwright07 Cartwright 2007 p.102 quote quotation Photographic mosaic, also known as Photomosaic, a portmanteau of photo and mosaic, is a picture that is divided into small sections. When viewed as a whole, it appears to be one image, when in fact the image is made up of hundreds or even thousands of smaller images. ref When viewed at low magnifications, the individual pixel s appear as the primary image, while close examination reveals that the image is in fact made up of many hundreds or thousands of smaller images. ref name Cartwright07 Most of the time they are a computer created type of Photomontage montage . There are two kinds of mosaic, depending on how the matching is done. In the simpler kind, each part of the target image is averaged down to a single color. Each of the library images is also reduced to a single color. Each part of the target image is then replaced with one from the library where these colors are as similar as possible. In effect, the target image ... whose average color matches that pixel. In the more advanced kind of photographic mosaic, the target ... Spain, Domus museum . This was the first large photographic mosaic, using photographs of 10,062 people ... Bot generated title ref . Video mosaic Photographic mosaics are typically formed from a collection ... Art Techniques for Photographic Imagery Francis, Joseph http www.digitalartform.com archives 2004 12 ... a sample of Dave McKean s 1994 DC Comics photographic mosaic. DEFAULTSORT Photographic Mosaic ... more details
refimprove date June 2009 Push processing in photography , sometimes called uprating , refers to a Photographicprocessing film developing technique that increases the effective film speed sensitivity of the film being processed. ref name Langford cite book title Basic Photography 7th Edition. author Michael Langford year 2000 publisher Focal Press location Oxford ISBN 0 240 51592 7 ref Push processing involves developing the film for more time, possibly in combination with a higher temperature, than the manufacturer s recommendations. This technique results in effective over development of the film, compensating for under exposure in the camera. Push processing allows relatively insensitive films to be used under lighting conditions that would ordinarily be too low for adequate exposure at the required shutter speed and aperture combination. This technique alters the visual characteristics of the film, such as higher contrast, increased film grain grain and lower resolution. ref name Langford Saturated and distorted colours are often visible on film that has been push processed. Pull processing involves over exposure and under development, effectively decreasing the sensitivity of the processed film. It is achieved by developing the film for a shorter time, and possibly at a lower temperature. Film that has been pull processed will display the opposite change in visual characteristics. This may be deliberately exploited for artistic effect. When a film s effective sensitivity ... by Phil Davis, p373. ISBN 0 697 00300 0 See also Photographicprocessing Film speed Latent image External links http www.ilfordphoto.com applications page.asp?n 88 Push processing and http www.ilfordphoto.com applications page.asp?n 89 pull processing at Ilford Photo http motion.kodak.com US en motion Support Technical Information Processing Information push.htm Push Pull Processing at Kodak photography subject Category Photographic techniques photo stub de Push Entwicklung ... more details
Cross processing usually involves one of the two following methods Citation needed date July 2009 Processing positive color reversal film in C 41 process C 41 chemicals, resulting in a negative image on a colorless base Processing negative color print film in E 6 process E 6 chemicals, resulting in a positive ... black areas now have a blue ish hue. The effect of cross processing has been well known since ... processing color slide film in C 41 process chemicals is most common. Some commercial level photography darkroom merchants will perform this developing process. However, cross processing can take place ... and high contrast. The results of cross processing differ from case to case, as the results are determined ... onto the film and the chemical used to develop the film. Cross processing effects can be simulated ... for cross processing are found in several such programs, including Photoshop and Picnik . However ... of cross processing Tony Scott s 2005 film Domino movie Domino was shot on color reversal stock and cross ... ref See also Redscale Photographic processes References reflist External links http www.photoshopsupport.com tutorials or cross processing.html Cross processing in Photoshop tutorial http www.gimpforphotos.com tutorial intermediate cross processing.html Cross processing in Gimp tutorial http bild bearbeitung.net crossentwicklung mit the gimp Cross processing in Gimp tutorial German http www.jesusda.com blog index.php?id 375 Cross processing in Gimp tutorial Spanish http registry.gimp.org node 25007 Gimp script for cross processing Alternative photography Photography DEFAULTSORT Cross Processing Category Photographic film processes de Crossentwicklung es Proceso cruzado fr D veloppement crois ... more details
Audio processing may refer to Audio signal processing Auditory system , particularly in the context of auditory processing disorder disambig ... more details
Post processing may refer to Differential GPS post processing Video post processing , methods used in video processing and 3D graphics Finite element model data post processing disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Orphan date February 2009 Data processing modes or computing modes Interactive computing or Interactive processing , historically introduced as Time sharing Transaction processing Batch processing DEFAULTSORT Processing Modes Category Computing terminology computer stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Native processing can have a general, wider meaning any processing that is performed in the CPU s instruction set , rather than in some higher level intermediate code that is specific to the given application . However, it is specifically used in digital audio to indicate processing that is done by the computer s CPU rather than by DSP or outboard processing, which is done by additional 3rd party DSP chips located on extension cards or external hardware boxes or racks . A lot of Digital Audio Workstation s such as Logic Pro , Cubase , Digital Performer and Pro Tools LE use native processing. Others, such as Pro Tools HD, Universal Audio s UAD 1 and TC Electronic s Powercore use DSP processing. DEFAULTSORT Native Processing Category Digital signal processing Category Digital audio de Native Processing ... more details
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