Physicaldesign can refer to Database designPhysical database designPhysical database design see also Physical data model Physicaldesign electronics disambig ... more details
The International Symposium on PhysicalDesign , or ISPD is a yearly conference on the topic of electronic design automation , concentrating on algorithms for the physicaldesign of integrated circuit s. It is typically held in April of each year, in a city in the western United States. It is sponsored by the SIGDA of the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation CEDA . ISPD is purely a technical conference with no associated trade show. See also Design Automation Conference International Conference on Computer Aided Design Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference Design Automation and Test in Europe International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design External links http www.ispd.cc Main web page for the ISPD conference Category IEEE conferences Category Electronic design automation conferences ... more details
File PhysicalDesign.png thumb upright 1.5 Physicaldesign steps within the IC design flow In integrated circuit design , physicaldesign is a step in the standard design cycle which follows after the circuit design . At this step, circuit representations of the components devices and interconnects of the design ... steps, which include both design and verification and validation of the layout. ref N. Sherwani, Algorithms for VLSI PhysicalDesign Automation , Kluwer 1998 , ISBN 978 079238393 ref Modern day Integrated Circuit IC design is split up into Front end design using HDL s , Verification and Back end Design or PhysicalDesign . The next step after PhysicalDesign is the Manufacturing process or Fabrication ..., etc. PhysicalDesign Flow A typical Back end Flow is shown below Image PD Flow.gif The main steps in the flow are Design Netlist after synthesis Floorplanning Partitioning Placement Clock tree Synthesis CTS Routing Physical Verification GDS II Generation These steps are just the basic. There are detailed ... A more detailed PhysicalDesign Flow is shown below. Here you can see the exact steps and the tools used in each step outlined. Image Physicaldesign flow.JPG Design Netlist A Netlist Gate level netlist ... for functionality and timing is it sent for the PhysicalDesign flow. Floorplanning The first step in the PhysicalDesign flow is Floorplanning . Floorplanning is the process of identifying structures ... in the physicaldesign process, global routing and detailed routing. Global routing allocates ... Electrical Rule Checking ERC . ref A. Kahng, J. Lienig, I. Markov, J. Hu VLSI PhysicalDesign ... dies which are then packaged into ICs. Each of the phases mentioned above have Design Flows associated with them. These Design Flows lay down the process and guide lines framework for that phase. PhysicalDesign flow uses the technology libraries that are provided by the fabrication houses. These technology ... of the tools software used in the back end design are Cadence SOC Encounter, VoltageStorm, NanoRoute ... more details
wiktionary physicalPhysical may refer to Body , the physical structure of an organism Human body , the physical structure of a human Physical abuse , abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm Physical body , in physics, psychology, philosophy, mysticism and religion Physical change , any change in matter not involving a change in the substance s chemical properties Physical chemistry , the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts Physical cosmology , a branch of astronomy, is the study of the largest scale structures and dynamics of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution Physical education , a course taken during primary and secondary education that encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting Physical examination , a regular overall check up with a doctor Physical exercise , any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness Physical fitness , a state of health and well being, and a task oriented definition based on the ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations Physical property ... Physical Review , an American scientific journal founded in 1893 that publishes original research and scientific and literature reviews on all aspects of physics Physical Review Letters , a peer reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society Physical therapy , a health care profession Music Physical album Physical album , a 1981 album by Olivia Newton John Physical Olivia Newton John song Physical Olivia Newton John song , 1981 Physical Alcazar song Physical Alcazar song , 2004 Physical You re So , a 1980 song by Adam & the Ants from Kings of the Wild Frontier disambiguation simple Physical sv Physical ... more details
object and design process. It may involve considerable research , thought , model physical modeling ...pp semi small yes For the 1970s music group Design UK band Refimprove date July 2008 File All Saints ... Comfort Tiffany . The building structure and decorations are both examples of design. File PL IIIcut.gif thumb 150px right Design, when applied to fashion , includes considering aesthetics as well as function in the final form. Design as a noun informally refers to a plan drawing plan or convention ... drawing , business process , circuit diagram s and Pattern sewing sewing patterns while to design ... browse design Dictionary.com esp. meanings 1 5 and 7 8 and at http www.askoxford.com concise oed design?view uk AskOxford esp. verbs . ref No generally accepted definition of design exists, ref Ralph, P. and Wand, Y. 2009 . A proposal for a formal definition of the design concept. In Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop ... different connotations in different fields see Design Disciplines design disciplines below . However, one can also design by directly constructing an object as in pottery , engineering , management , cowboy coding and graphic design . More formally design has been defined as follows. noun a specification ..., satisfying a set of requirement s, subject to constraints verb, transitive to create a design, in an Environment ... for a formal definition of the design concept. In Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop LNBIP 14 , pp. 103 136. Springer Verlag, p. 109 DOI 10.1007 978 3 540 92966 6 6 . ref Another definition for design is a roadmap or a strategic ..., safety and economic constraints in achieving that objective. ref Don Kumaragamage, Y. 2011 . Design ..., and primitives are the elements from which the design object is composed. With such a broad denotation ... toward the subject see Philosophies and studies of design Philosophies and studies of design ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Design Type Studio Artist Into the Moat Cover Designcover.jpg Released March 8, 2005 Recorded October 2004 Genre Mathcore br Metalcore br Deathcore Length Label Metal Blade Records Producer Last album Means By Which The End Is Justified EP Means By Which The End Is Justified br 2003 This album The Design br 2005 Next album The Campaign album The Campaign br March 19, 2009 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r730514 pure url yes link The Design is the first full length album by mathcore metalcore band Into the Moat . It was released in 2005 on Metal Blade Records . Track listing Century II 1 54 Empty Shell 3 40 Dead Before I Stray 2 41 Guardian 3 01 The Inexorable 3 12 Fortitudine 2 49 Beyond Treachery 5 04 None Shall Pass 3 09 Prologue... 7 24 DEFAULTSORT Design, The Category 2005 albums 2000s metalcore album stub ... more details
Infobox Film name By Design director Claude Jutra writer Claude Jutra br Joe Wiesenfeld br David Eames starring Sara Botsford br Patty Duke Astin br Clare Coulter br Saul Rubinek released flagicon Canada 1982 By Design is a Canadian film directed by Claude Jutra and was released in 1982. It stars Sara Botsford and Patty Duke Astin . Synopsis Angie Sara Botsford , and Helen Patty Duke Astin , are in love and they live and work together they design women s clothes and run their own fashion business in Vancouver . Helen wants to be a mother. Angie loves Helen and if Helen can t feel fulfilled without a child she is willing for them to become parents. Criticism The film was favourably reviewed by the critic Pauline Kael in The New Yorker a buoyant, quirky sex comedy..the director takes a look around the whole modern supermarket of sex. By Design takes in the bars and beach houses, fast food restaurants and discos, and the sexual patterns of those who inhabit them..Jutra has a light understated approach to farce. His sensibility suggests a mingling of Jacques Tati Tati and Fran ois Truffaut Truffaut ..The scenes are quick and they re dippy, but with a pensive, melancholy underlay. ref Pauline Kael reprinted in Taking It All In p.421 424 ref Patty Duke Astin received a Genie Award nomination for best foreign actress. References reflist Category Canadian films Category 1982 films Category Canadian drama films Category Films set in British Columbia Category Films directed by Claude Jutra ... more details
designPhysical computing practices also exist in the product and interaction design sphere ... Category Design Category Digital art Category Virtual reality Category Computer systems de Physical ...confused Mechanical computer Unreferenced date January 2010 Physical computing , in the broadest sense, means building interactive physical system s by the use of software and hardware that can sense and respond ... used to describe them. In the broad sense, physical computing is a creative framework for understanding ... handmade art, design or DIY hobby projects that use sensor s and microcontroller s to translate ... motor s, Servomechanism servo s, lighting or other hardware. Examples Physical computing is used ... to include more and more examples of physical computing and tangible interface s as associated technologies progress. In art In the art world, projects that implement physical computing include the work ... design in this way. In commercial applications Commercial implementations range from consumer ... line . Exergaming can be considered a form of physical computing. Other implementations of physical ... of physical computing, though in this case the computer is generating the physical stimulus as opposed ... vision to work their magic. In scientific applications Physical computing can also describe the fabrication ... used to describe them as such. Methods Prototyping plays an important role in Physical Computing ... their interactive concepts. Further reading cite book title Physical Computing Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers last Igoe first Tom last2 O Sullivan first2 Dan publisher Premier Press isbn 159200346X year 2004 ref Physical Computing, 2004 External links http www.arduino.cc Arduino , a highly popular open source physical computing platform http www.arobotineveryhome.com Arieh Robotics Project Junior . A Windows 7 based Physical Computing PC built using Microsoft Robotics ... BluePD BlueSense . a physical computing platform by Blue Melon. This platform is visually programmable ... more details
Expert subject software date May 2009 Orphan date February 2009 A physical icon , or phicon , is the tangible computing equivalent of an icon in a traditional graphical user interface, or GUI . Phicons hold a reference to some digital object and thereby convey meaning. ref Fidalgo, F., Silva, P., Realinho, V. Ubiquitous Computing and Organizations , page 201. Current Developments in Technology Assisted Education, 2006 ref References references Category Human computer interaction Comm design stub ... more details
Strictly Phiysical may refer to Strictly Physical album Strictly Physical album , a 2007 album by Monrose Strictly Physical song Strictly Physical song , a song from the album above disambig bg Strictly Physical it Strictly Physical ... more details
Physical medium may refer to For a medium used in the propagation of energy waves, see Transmission medium For the practice of physical mediumship and the conducting of seance , see Mediumship Physical mediumship Physical mediumship disambig ... more details
Cleanup date August 2011 Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts. It applies the principles ... , quantum chemistry , statistical mechanics and Analytical dynamics dynamics . Physical chemistry ... science, as the majority of the principles on which physical chemistry was founded, are concepts ... , and colloids . Some of the relationships that physical chemistry strives to resolve include the effects of Intermolecular forces that act upon the physical properties of materials Plasticity ... ref Key concepts The key concepts of physical chemistry are the ways in which pure physics is applied ... from a description of atoms and how they bond is one of the major goals of physical chemistry .... ISBN 0199274983. ref Quantum chemistry , a subfield of physical chemistry especially concerned with the application ... discipline of physical chemistry which is specifically concerned with the interaction of electromagnetic ... to assess whether a reactor or engine design is feasible, or to check the validity of experimental ... of physical chemistry. A key idea in chemical kinetics is that for reagent reactants to react and form ... of another key concept in physical chemistry, which is that to the extent an engineer needs to know ... 9780195042771. ref a specialty within physical chemistry which is also shared with physics. Statistical .... Lomonosov s manuscript Physical Chemistry 1752 The term physical chemistry was coined by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1752, when he presented a lecture course entitled A Course in True Physical Chemistry ... author Alexander Vucinich publisher Stanford University Press year 1963 isbn 0804707383 ref Modern physical ... several of the cornerstones of physical chemistry, such as Gibbs free energy Gibbs energy , chemical ... of physical chemistry was the German journal, Zeitschrift f r Physikalische Chemie , founded in 1887 ... Cite book last Laidler first Keith authorlink Keith J. Laidler title The World of Physical Chemistry ... more details
title Structural Design for Physical Security date 1999 publisher ASCE isbn 978 0 7844 0457 7 ref Physical security can be as simple as a Lock device locked door or as elaborate as multiple layers of barriers ... isbn 978 0 471 38922 4 ref There are at least four layers of physical security Environmental design ... physical space uses crime prevention through environmental design to deter threats. Some of the most ...Physical security describes measures that are designed to deny access to unauthorized personnel including ..., or stored information and guidance on how to design structures to resist potentially hostile acts ... ref Overview Physical security is primarily concerned with restricting physical access by unauthorized ... and situations in which physical security measures are valuable for example, limiting access within a facility and or to specific assets, and environmental controls to reduce physical incidents ... are imperfect, strong physical security applies the principle of defense in depth using appropriate combinations of overlapping and complementary controls. For instance, physical access controls ... , human rights, health and safety, and societal norms or conventions. Physical access security ... in, say, an airport, an office, a home or a vehicle, although the principles are similar. Physical ... is very common in the animal kingdom. Physical security is also not a modern phenomenon. The technology is continually evolving along with the threats. Physical security controls that were ... in future, in ways that may not be obvious right now. Elements and design File Security spikes ... elements to physical security obstacles, to frustrate trivial attackers and delay serious ... for the end user. Deterrence The goal of physical security is to convince potential attackers that the likely ... control i.e. mechanical and electronic access control , or simple devices such as physical passes. An additional ..., a person s visage is the key. When actual design and implementation is considered, there are numerous ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 Physical verification is a process whereby an Integrated Circuit Layout IC layout design is checked via EDA software tools to see if it meets certain criteria. Verification involves DRC Design rule check , LVS Layout versus schematic , ERC Electrical Rule Check , XOR Exclusive OR , and Antenna Checks. XOR Check This check is typically run after a metal spin, where the original and modified database are compared. This is done to confirm that the desired modifications have been made and no undesired modifications have been made by accident. This step involves comparing the two layout databases GDS by XOR operation of the layout geometries. This check results a database which has all the mismatching geometries in both the layouts. Antenna Check The antenna basically is a metal interconnect, i.e., a conductor like polysilicon or metal, that is not electrically connected to silicon or grounded, during the processing steps of the wafer. During the manufacturing process charge accumulation can occur on the antenna during certain fabrication steps like Plasma etching, which uses highly ionized matter to etch. If the connection to silicon does not exist, charges may build up on the interconnect to the point at which rapid discharge does take place and permanent physical damage results to thin transistor gate oxide. This rapid and destructive phenomenon is known as the antenna effect . Antenna errors can be cured by adding a small antenna diode to safely discharge the node or spillting the antenna by routing up to another metal layer and then down again. The Antenna ratio is defined as the ratio between the physical area of the conductors making up the antenna to the total gate oxide area to which the antenna is electrically connected. ERC Electrical rule check ERC Electrical rule check involves checking a design for all electrical connections that are considered ... Physical Verification Category Electronic circuit verification ... more details
A physical constant is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature ... is a fixed numerical value but does not directly involve any physical measurement. There are many physical ... charge e . Physical constants can take many dimensional analysis dimensional forms the speed ... interaction, is dimensionless . Dimensional and dimensionless physical constants Whereas the physical quantity indicated by any physical constant does not depend on the unit system used to express the quantity, the numerical values of dimensionful physical constants do depend on the unit .... Because their units cancel, ratios of like dimensioned physical constants do not depend on unit systems ... could conceivably hope to predict. Additionally, all equations describing physical law laws of physics can be expressed without dimensional physical constants via a process known as nondimensionalisation ... quantities as fundamental physical constant s. However, the term fundamental physical ... the term to refer to any universal physical quantity believed to be constant, such as the speed ... known dimensionless fundamental physical constant. Many attempts have been made to derive its value ... chemistry in the 20th century, however, a vast number of previously inexplicable dimensionless physical ... for continued progress in explaining the values of other dimensionless physical constants. It is known ... physical constants. How constant are the physical constants? Beginning with Paul Dirac in 1937, some scientists have speculated that physical constants may actually decrease in proportion to the age ... physical constants such as G , c , , or sub 0 sub are operationally meaningful ref In SI ... physical constant had changed, this would be the result or interpretation of a more ... of physical constants, but the value of remained the same, this new world would be observationally ... physical constant s had sufficiently different values, our universe would be so radically ... more details
Physical map may refer to Physical map cartography , maps that shows countries of the world. Physical map genetics , showing how much DNA separates two genes and is measured in base pairs, as opposed to a genetic map Disambig ... more details
2005, p. 72. ref Album sleeve design Infobox Awards title Physical Graffiti album sleeve halign center ...italic title Infobox album Name Physical Graffiti Type studio Artist Led Zeppelin Cover LedZeppelinPhysicalGraffitialbumcover.jpg ... web url http www.led zeppelin.org reference discography disc physgrap moreinfo.php title Physical Graffiti ... Last album Houses of the Holy br 1973 This album Physical Graffiti br 1975 Next album Presence album Presence br 1976 Misc Singles Name Physical Graffiti Type studio Single 1 Trampled Under Foot Black ... album Cover Physical Graffiti back cover at night.jpg Lower caption The nighttime back cover image Physical ... the album beyond the typical length of an LP. This prompted the band to make Physical Graffiti a double album by including previously unreleased tracks from earlier recording sessions. Physical Graffiti ... United States title Physical Graffiti artist Led Zeppelin type album Recording session The recording sessions for Physical Graffiti initially took place in November 1973 at Headley Grange in East Hampshire ... I never knew that Physical Graffiti was going to be a double album. When we started out we were ... 1974 by Keith Harwood at Olympic Studios , London. The title Physical Graffiti was coined by Page to illustrate the whole physical and written energy that had gone into producing the set. ref name Complete Music In the opinion of Lewis, Physical Graffiti blockquote was a massive outpouring of Led ... format, Physical Graffiti mirrors every facet of the Zeppelin repertoire. The end result is a finely ... artists ledzeppelin albums album 158693 review 5944206 physical graffiti Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975 dead link date January 2012 ref The wide range of Physical Graffiti is also ... to Robert Plant, of all the albums Led Zeppelin released, Physical Graffiti represented the band at its ... background footer footer align center footer background width image1 Physical Graffiti Album 1.jpg width1 125 caption1 center Inner disc cover 1 center image2 Physical Graffiti Album 2.jpg width2 ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 merge to Glossary of spirituality related terms date December 2010 In religion and esotericism , the term physical universe or material universe is used to distinguish the nature physical matter of the universe from a proposed spirituality spiritual or supernatural essence. In the Book of Veles , and perhaps in traditional Slavic mythology , the physical universe is referred to as Jav, Prav and Nav Yav . Gnosticism holds that the physical universe was created by a Demiurge . In Dharmic religion s Maya illusion Maya is believed to be the illusion of a physical universe. Physicalism , a type of monism , holds that only physical things exist. This is also known as metaphysical naturalism . See also Gross realm DEFAULTSORT Physical Universe Category Spirituality Reli stub Spirituality stub ko ... more details
mergefrom Infrastructural capital discuss Talk Physical capital Merger proposal date July 2011 Refimprove date March 2007 In economics , physical capital or just capital economics capital refers to any already manufactured asset that is applied in production, such as machinery, buildings, or vehicles. In economic theory, physical capital is one of the three primary factors of production , also known as inputs in the production function . The others are natural resources including land economics land , and Labour economics labor &mdash the stock of competences embodied in the labor force . Physical is used to distinguish physical capital from human capital a result of investment in the human agent and financial capital . ref Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus 2004 . Economics textbook Economics , 18th ed., Glossary of Terms Factors of production, Capital, Human capital, and Land. ref ref Deardorff s Glossary of International Economics, http www personal.umich.edu alandear glossary p.html Physicalcapital Physical capital. ref Physical capital may also refer to fixed capital , any kind of real or physical asset that is not used up in the production of a product, as distinguished from circulating capital . See also Harrod Domar model Organizational capital Notes Reflist 1 Types of capital DEFAULTSORT Physical Capital Category Economics Category Capital Category Economics terminology Econ stub fr Capital productif it Capitale fisico no Realkapital pt Capital f sico uk ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Further Physical object Mental object Mathematical object Synesthesia Abstraction Ontology concept Mathematical beauty Conceptual art Visual arts Music Performance art Performing arts Art Physical art , as contrasted with conceptual art , refers to art that concrete ly exists in physical reality , in space and time . Its ontology ontological status is that it is a physical object . The art is concrete ly realized but may be abstract art abstract in nature. For example a painting, sculpture, or performance exists in the physical world. This is contrasted to conceptual art , some but not all kinds of performance art , Aesthetics computer software , or objects of mathematical beauty , such as a mathematical proof , which do not exist in the mental world or in physical world , but have other ontological status, such as in Plato s world of Platonic ideal ideals . Here, the art, may be realized in the physical world, such as a mathematical proof written on a chalkboard, but refer to objects that existence exists in the mind as concept s, not physical objects. A music performance is physical, while the composition, like computer software, is not. ref Betancourt, Michael. A Taxonomy of Abstract Form Using Studies of Synesthesia and Hallucinations. Leonardo Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 59 65, 2007 ref References reflist Category Art genres ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 norefs date March 2010 Physical effects is a sub category of special effects in which mechanical or physical effects are recorded. Physical effects are usually planned in preproduction and created in Filmmaking production . Physical effects may be divided into at least four categories Explosion s Special fly system mechanical rigs Support systems Aerial rigging wires supporting actors Stunt s Special effects also cover another sub category of visual effects . See also Empty section date July 2010 References refs External links DEFAULTSORT Physical Effects Category Film and video terminology Category Special effects Film term stub ... more details
for the legal concept Tangible property A physical property is any Property philosophy property that is Measurement measurable whose value describes a physical system physical system s state. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its transformations or evolutions between its momentary states . Physical properties s can be Intensive and extensive properties intensive ... otherwise. Physical properties are referred to as observable s. They are not modal property modal properties . Often, it is difficult to determine whether a given property is physical or not. Color ... properties of a surface. In this sense, many ostensibly physical properties are termed as supervenience ... the physical properties of mass, shape, color, temperature, etc., but these properties are supervenient ... structure. Physical properties are contrasted with Chemical property chemical properties which determine the way a material behaves in a chemical reaction . Physical properties Properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter. List of properties Physical properties Properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter. The physical properties of an object are traditionally defined by Classical mechanics . The physical properties of an object may include, but are not limited to Multicol absorption chemistry absorption physical absorption electromagnetic radiation Absorption ... or even measured as if they are intensive or extensive physical properties, but in fact perceptions are fundamentally different from physical properties. For example, the colour of a solution is not a physical property. A solution of potassium permanganate may appear pink, various shades of purple ... volume of permanganate solution of a given concentration has physical properties related to the colour ... perception and physical properties is increased by the existence of numeric scales for many perceived ... when perceiving the specified physical event. Examples of perceptions related to an intensive ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 orphan December 2009 Physical effect is transformation at which physical action on an object causes the occurrence of some field physics field or Action physics action . As a rule, these are phenomena connected with the transformation of energy or with a change of aggregation state . One of the basics terms in TRIZ , a problem solving methodology . See also List of effects DEFAULTSORT Physical Effect Category Physics ru ... more details
Physical dependence refers to a state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced Drug tolerance tolerance and where negative physical symptoms ref name urlDefinition of physical dependence ... title Definition of physical dependence NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms format work accessdate 2008 ... ref Physical dependence can develop from low dose therapeutic use of certain medications such as benzodiazepines ... of use, and the earlier age use began are predictive of worsened physical dependence and thus more ... 2 pages 167 75 year 1992 pmid 1575069 doi url ref Symptoms Physical dependence can manifest itself in the appearance of both physical and psychological symptoms which are caused by physiological adaptions ... effects of a new antioxidant compound H 290 51 journal Current pharmaceutical design volume ... life threatening complications are nonexistent. Treatment Treatment for physical dependence ... for substances that can be dangerous when abruptly discontinued. Physical dependence is usually ..., dose and the individual. ref name pmid1575069 A physical dependence on alcohol is often managed ... symptoms. Drugs that cause physical dependence All mu opioid receptor opioid s with any even slight ... physical dependence journal Br. J. Pharmacol. volume 136 issue 1 pages 37 48 year 2002 month ... such as zopiclone and zolpidem . ref name pmid9657802 cite journal author Sikdar S title Physical ..., Belknap JK, Hofstetter JR, Mayeda A, Buck KJ title Mapping a locus for alcohol physical dependence ... that causes physical dependence journal Addiction volume 92 issue 1 pages 89 96 year 1997 month January ... tetrahydrocannabinol do not cause physical dependency physical addiction Citation needed date April ... a true physical dependence can still cause withdrawal symptoms or rebound effects during dosage ... physical dependence in humans journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. volume 255 issue 3 pages 1123 ... 8146817 doi url ref It is debated if the entire antipsychotic drug class causes true physical dependency ... more details
Physical literacy is a fundamental and valuable human capability that can be described as a disposition acquired by human individuals encompassing the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding that establishes purposeful physical pursuits as an integral part of their lifestyle ref name Almond cite journal last Almond first L coauthors Whitehead, M title Physical Literacy Clarifying the Nature of the Concept journal Physical Education Matters year 2012 volume 7 issue 1 pmid 1751 0988 ref . The fundamental and significant aspects of physical literacy ref name Whitehead cite book last Whitehead first M title Physical Literacy thoughout the Lifecourse year 2010 publisher ... literate as it is appropriate to each individual s endowment everyone s physical literacy journey is unique physical literacy is relevant and valuable at all stages and ages of life the concept embraces much more than physical competence at the heart of the concept is the motivation and commitment ... and takes responsibility for maintaining purposeful physical pursuits throughout the lifecourse. charting ... and not against any form of national benchmarks General The concept of physical literacy has been developed ..., physical education . However, whilst this is extremely relevant, it is important to recognise that physical ..., six phases of physical literacy have been identified infancy, childhood, adolescence ... first M coauthors Murdoch, E journal Physical Education Matters year 2006 volume 1 issue 1 pmid ... of physical literacy. In Great Britain, a number of local authorities have adopted it as an overall guiding principle for their work in school based physical education. In countries such as Northern Ireland and Canada, physical literacy has been the focus for considerable rethinking in respect of children s physical development and has consequently been the inspiration behind the development ... away from the central tenets of physical literacy. For example, in some instances physical literacy ... more details
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