refimprove date November 2006 Writing systems sidebar A pictogram , also called a pictogramme or pictograph , ref Gove, Philip Babcock. 1993 . Webster s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. Merriam Webster Inc. ISBN 0 87779 201 1. ref is an ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object. Pictographs are often used in writing and graphic systems in which the characters are to considerable extent pictorial in appearance. Pictography is a form of writing which uses representational, pictorial drawing s. It is a basis of cuneiform and, to some extent, Hieroglyphs hieroglyphic writing , which uses drawings also as phonetic letters or determinative rhymes. Historical Early written symbols were based on pictographs pictures which resemble what they signify and ideograms symbols which represent ideas . Ancient Chinese, Sumerian, and Egyptian civilizations began to use such symbols over 4th millennium BC 5000 years ago , developing them into logogram logographic writing systems around the 3rd millennium BC third millennium BCE . Pictographs are still in use as the main medium of written communication in some non literate cultures in Africa , The Americas , and Oceania . Pictographs are often used as simple, pictorial, representational symbols by most contemporary cultures. File Agawa Rock, panel VIII.jpg thumb left Ojibwa pictographs on cliff face at Agawa Rock, Lake Superior Provincial Park Pictographs can often ... http pic com.jp Pictogram & Communication About 1,500 practial pictograms based on Design principles ... pictopedia.jp eng Pictogram Encyclopedia, The collection site of more than 500 pictograms, Pictograms are categorized, and easy to find unique pictogram http www.pictopen.com Pictopen Modern Pictographic ... kk mk nl Pictogram ja no Piktogram pl Piktogram pt Pictograma ro Pictogram ru simple Pictogram sk Piktografick p smo sl Piktogram fi Kuvakirjoitus ... more details
wiktionary petroglyph Petroglyph may refer to Petroglyph s, Rock art depicting pictogram s and logograms . Petroglyph Games , a real time strategy games development studio. Petroglyphs Provincial Park , a provincial park near Peterborough, Ontario, Canada Petroglyph Provincial Park , a provincial park near Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada disambig de Petroglyph ... more details
Ateneo name Ateneo rowspan 3 Image Olympic pictogram Taekwondo.png 60px Taekwondo Men s UAAPteam UST ... pictogram Volleyball.png 60px Volleyball Men s UAAPteam La Salle name La Salle Women s UAAPteam La Salle ... Olympic pictogram Judo.png 60px Judo Men s UAAPteam UST name UST Women s UAAPteam UP name UP rowspan 3 Image Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 60px Athletics Men s UAAPteam UE junior name UE Women s UAAPteam FEU name FEU Juniors UAAPteam Ateneo name Ateneo rowspan 2 Image Olympic pictogram Football.png 60px Football Men s UAAPteam La Salle name La Salle Women s UAAPteam FEU name FEU Image Olympic pictogram Tennis.png 60px Tennis Men s UAAPteam UP name UP rowspan 2 Image Olympic pictogram Badminton.png 60px Badminton Men s UAAPteam UP name UP Women s UAAPteam UP name UP Image Olympic pictogram Baseball.png 60px Baseball Men s UAAPteam Adamson name Adamson Image Olympic pictogram Softball.png 60px ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Codex of tlatelolco.JPG right The Codex of Tlatelolco is a pictogram pictorial central Mexico Mexican manuscript containing a history of events occurring in Tlatelolco altepetl Tlatelolco , from before 1554 to after 1562 . Further reading cite book author Robertson, Donald year 1994 title Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period The Metropolitan Schools location Norman publisher University of Oklahoma Press pages 163 166 mesoamerica stub Category Mesoamerican codices Tlatelolco, Codex of ... more details
primarysources date April 2010 A stomagram Greek language Greek stoma mouth, gram drawing , is a typically side view pictogram representation of a human mouth , for the sake of diagramming its state during speech as particular sounds are made. Stomagrams may be cut away images or simple written character forms, representing the degree the mouth is opened, the position of the lips, and the placement or movement of the tongue . Category Oral communication linguistics stub ... more details
The Codex Mexicanus is an early New Spain colonial Mexican pictogram pictorial manuscript . The Codex can be divided into several sections The saint s, the European calendar and zodiac . The Aztec calendar . Accounts in the Aztec pictogram pictographic writing system. A family tree of the Hueyi Tlatoani rulers of Mexico . The history of the Mexica from their departure from Aztlan . Colonial history. Two Christianity Christian scenes the Temptation of Christ and the Adoration . A tonalamatl . This last section is incomplete. It is currently held in the Biblioth que Nationale , Paris . References cite journal author Robertson, Donald year 1954 title A Note on the Last Pages of the Codex Mexicanus journal Journal de la Soci t des Am ricanistes volume 43 pages 219 221 cite book author Robertson, Donald year 1994 title Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period The Metropolitan Schools publisher University of Oklahoma Press pages 122 125 cite journal author Mengin, Ernest year 1952 title Commentaire du Codex Mexicanus Nos. 23 24 de la Biblioth que Nationale de Paris journal Journal de la Soci t des Am ricanistes volume 41 pages 387 498 doi 10.3406 jsa.1952.3743 issue 2 See also Aztec codices Codex Vaticanus B Category Astrological texts Category Mesoamerican codices Mexicanus Category Biblioth que nationale de France collections manuscript art stub mesoamerica stub ... more details
for bark , which combines the pictogram mouth as the radical with the pictogram for dog Inferential ... the pictograms for heart as the radical with the pictogram for receive the character for sharp , which combines the pictogram small at the top with the pictogram for big at the bottom or the character for room , which combines the pictogram for household overarching the pictogram for square ..., e.g. the character for clock , which combines the pictogram for gold or metal with the pictogram ... more details
Other uses Kushi disambiguation Kushi Unreferenced date August 2007 Image Kushi.Skewers.jpg thumb 150px Bamboo and metal kushi 15 cm nihongo Kushi are skewer s used in Cuisine of Japan Japanese cuisine to hold and pierce food for grilling and frying , such as yakitori . They range in length from about 15 to 30 cm. Kushi may be made of steel , bamboo , or wood . The steel and wooden varieties are reusable, while those made from bamboo are usually only used once and discarded. Bamboo kushi are usually the type that customers purchasing food from street vendors would be given. The Japanese language Japanese kanji for kushi is , which is an example of a pictogram describing the meaning of the kanji. See also Kushikatsu List of Japanese cooking utensils Category Japanese cooking tools ja ... more details
, or Conceptual metaphor metaphorical image. After the pictogram is defined, it is necessary to check ... . Defining the pictogram can be different for the toolbar and other functional icons in the interface ... more details
class wikitable width 100 rowspan 2 width 150px align center Image GHS pictogram explos.svg 150px ... bomb class wikitable width 100 rowspan 2 width 150px align center Image GHS pictogram flamme.svg ..., E, F Flame class wikitable width 100 rowspan 2 width 150px align center Image GHS pictogram rondflam.svg ... width 100 rowspan 2 width 150px align center Image GHS pictogram bottle.svg 150px rowspan 3 width ... pictogram acid.svg 150px rowspan 3 width 15px align left Usage rowspan 2 Corrosive to metals ... 2 Self reactive substances and mixtures, type G Organic peroxides, type G align center no pictogram required Health hazards class wikitable width 100 rowspan 2 width 150px align center Image GHS pictogram ... 150px align center Image GHS pictogram acid.svg 150px rowspan 3 width 15px align left Usage rowspan ... width 100 rowspan 2 width 150px align center Image GHS pictogram exclam.svg 150px rowspan 3 width ... ref Part 1, section 1.4.10.5.3.1, GHS Rev.2 ref with the skull and crossbones pictogram for skin or eye irritation if the corrosion pictogram also appears the health hazard pictogram is used to indicate ... align center Image GHS pictogram silhouete.svg 150px rowspan 3 width 15px align left Usage rowspan ... on or via lactation align center no pictogram required Environmental hazards class wikitable width 100 rowspan 2 width 150px align center Image GHS pictogram pollu.svg 150px rowspan 3 width 15px ... center no pictogram required Transport pictograms Class 1 Explosives class wikitable width 100 rowspan ... commonscat GHS pictograms http www.unece.org trans danger publi ghs pictograms.html GHS pictogram gallery ... more details
Sport 1957 in sports 1957 Franjo Mihali File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport ... 1959 in sports 1959 Stanko Lorger File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport Athletics ... DFDFDF 1966 in sports 1966 Vera Nikoli File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport ... 2 File Boxing pictogram.svg 20px Boxing 1975 in sports 1975 Nenad Steki File Olympic pictogram ... DFDFDF 1990 in sports 1990 Dragutin Topi File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics ... 1992 Slobodan Brankovi File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport Athletics 1993 ... pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport Athletics 1997 in sports 1997 Predrag Mijatovi File Football pictogram.svg 20px Association football Football soccer Sa a Stoli File Olympic pictogram ... Athlete Sport bgcolor DFDFDF 2006 in sports 2006 Olivera Jevti Y File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png ... File Swimming pictogram.svg 20px Swimming sport Swimming Ivana panovi File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png ... Swimming sport Swimming Tatjana Jela a File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport ... and br Uro Kova evi File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport Athletics br File ... Ma van 2007 center 2. File Olympic pictogram Athletics.png 20px Athletics sport Athletics center ... more details
Citations missing date April 2007 Image Sammelpunkt.svg thumb Pictogram for a meeting point fire safety , standardized in Germany. File Airport Oslo Gardermoen Meeting point.jpg 240px right thumb A signed meeting point in Airport Oslo Gardermoen A meeting point or meeting place is a geographically defined place where people meet both for tourist s and citizen s. They are often landmark s which gain the reputation and become a popular as a safe and convenient place for people to meet. Examples of meeting points include public places such as amusement parks, railway stations, airports, etc. Also, it is a point to let people gather at a designated safe place during an emergency see pictogram . Sometimes public signs are used to designate meeting points. In sociology , a meeting point is a place of a group of people who meet on a regular basis such as a group of regulars or people of special interest or background. These meeting points are in designated private rooms, in a part of a park, or in a caf . Sites like http meetways.com meetways.com can help you find a meeting point between 2 addresses. Examples of Well Known Meeting Points Australia Brisbane Hungry Jacks on Queen Street Mall . ref http city news.whereilive.com.au news story hungry jacks a hub ref Melbourne under the clocks at Flinders Street Station ref http www.tripadvisor.com.au ShowUserReviews g255100 d526963 r15626238 Flinders Street Station Melbourne Victoria.html ref Adelaide Malls Balls at Rundle Mall ref http www.scenicadelaide.com 2008 08 30 the rundle mall balls meeting place for young and old ref References reflist Category meetings Category safety sociology stub de Sammelpunkt Brandschutz ... more details
Image Astuvansalmi tellervo.jpg right 200px thumb A woman figure with a Bow weapon bow the Astuvansalmi rock paintings Tellervo of Astuva a real rarity among the rock painting s. Finnish Rock art Pictogram pictographs created during the Stone Age have been found at 127 rock painting sites around Finland . They mainly consist of brownish red figures and markings painted onto steep granite walls, often overlooking waterways. There are scenes feature people, boats, elk, fish and mysterious part human figures. Their survival in an adverse climatic conditions is due to their protection by a naturally forming thin layer of silicon dioxide on the rock surface. The Comb Ceramic Culture who lived in what is now Finland between 5000 BC and 2000 BC is credited with their production. And the paints used included a mix of iron oxide, blood, animal fat or egg, although traces of these organic materials are no longer detectable. The first paintings to be recognised as Stone Age were reported in 1911 by Jean Sibelius , whose eye was caught by strange patterns on a lakeside cliff near Hvittr sk , the home of his architect friend Eliel Saarinen . More paintings were discovered in the 1960s a few miles west of Hvittr sk at Juusj rvi . At first they were thought to be recent graffiti daubed by power line workers, but they were soon realised to be several thousand years old. Most of the paintings lie in the Saimaa Lake District. By far the best known site, at Astuvansalmi , has been proposed for a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Another site is the Hossa Finland Hossa Hiking Area. This has freakish figures with triangular heads. ref Weaver, Fran 2008 Rock Art From 5,000 Years Ago, Helsinki Times , 31 March ref See also Petroglyph Pictogram Prehistoric art Rock art Footnotes reflist 2 Category Archaeological sites in Finland Category Stone Age Europe Category Prehistoric art Category Rock art in Europe ... more details
Orphan date November 2011 The Codex en Cruz is a pictogram pictorial Aztec codices Aztec codex consisting of a single piece of amatl paper. It records historical events, such as the Order of succession succession of rulers , war s, and famine s, of the 15th and 16th centuries. The codex centers on the city of Texcoco altepetl Texcoco , but also includes information pertaining to Tenochtitlan , Tepetlaoztoc and Chiautla . It is currently held by the Biblioth que Nationale in Paris . References cite book author Dibble, Charles year 1981 title Codex en Cruz publisher University of Utah Press cite book author Robertson, Donald year 1994 title Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period The Metropolitan Schools publisher University of Oklahoma Press pages 144 146 Category Aztec codices Cruz Category Biblioth que nationale de France collections manuscript art stub mesoamerica stub ... more details
Image Tudela098v 099r.jpg thumb 400px right Folios 98 verso and 99 recto, showing aspects of the Aztec calendar the birds of the day, the lords of the night, and the day signs. The Codex Tudela , named after Jos Tudela de la Orden , is a 16th century pictogram pictorial Aztec codex . It is based on the same prototype as the Codex Magliabechiano , the Codex Ixtlilxochitl , and other documents of the Magliabechiano Group . Little is known about the codex s history. The Spanish government bought the manuscript when it was rediscovered in 1940, and it is now held by the Museo de Am rica in Madrid . Further reading cite book author Boone, Elizabeth Hill year 1983 title The Codex Magliabechiano and the Lost Prototype of the Magliabechiano Group location Berkeley publisher University of California Press cite book author Robertson, Donald year 1994 title Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period The Metropolitan Schools location Norman publisher University of Oklahoma Press manuscript stub mesoamerica stub Category Mesoamerican codices Tudela pl Kodeks Tudela ... more details
pictogram Tennis.png 60px Tennis Men s UAAPteam UP short rowspan 2 Image Olympic pictogram Badminton.png 60px Badminton Men s UAAPteam UP short Women s UAAPteam UP short Image Olympic pictogram Baseball.png 60px Baseball Men s UAAPteam Adamson short Image Olympic pictogram Softball.png 60px Softball ... more details
Infobox football club clubname T rk Telekom G.S.K. image Image Turktelekomlogo.png fullname T rk Telekom Gen lik ve Spor Kulub nickname founded 1954 ground Ankara T rk Telekom Stad , br Ankara capacity 2,000 chairman Flagicon Turkey Celahattin Din er manager Flagicon Turkey Adnan ent rk league TFF Second League season 2007 08 position 3rd classification group pattern la1 pattern b1 whitestripes pattern ra1 leftarm1 3333FF body1 3333FF rightarm1 3333FF shorts1 3333FF socks1 3333FF pattern la2 whiteshoulders pattern b2 pattern ra2 whiteshoulders leftarm2 blueline body2 FFFFFF rightarm2 blueline shorts2 FFFFFF socks2 FFFFFF class infobox style width 19.7em font size 100 em bgcolor 0087C9 style text align center colspan 3 font color white Active departments of T rk Telekom style text align center File Olympic pictogram Football.png 40px br T rk Telekom Gen lik Spor Kul b Football File Olympic pictogram Basketball.png 40px br T rk Telekom B.K. Basketball File Olympic pictogram Volleyball.png 40px br T rk Telekom Ankara Volleyball T rk Telekom GSK is a sports club located in Ankara , Turkey . The club mostly referred incorrectly as T rk Telekomspor . The football team plays their home games in Ankara T rk Telekom Stad in Ankara. The club was founded in 1954 as Telspor and its previous name was PTT , and its colors were yellow and black. PTT had played in the First Level. It also has a basketball team which plays in Turkish Basketball League . T rk Telekomspor played Turkish Basketball League between 1966 1973 and 1991 1996 as PTT. They changed their name as currently one in 1996. Squad football squad start fs player no pos GK nat Turkey name Ali an eker fs player no pos DF nat Turkey name Onur Demirta fs player no pos DF nat Turkey name Alp K kvardar fs player no pos DF nat Turkey name Serdar Sinik fs player no pos DF nat Turkey name mer Topraktepe fs player no pos MF nat Turkey name Aykan ks z fs player no pos MF nat Turkey name Erhan Y ld r m fs player no pos ... more details
wikt Prohibition Prohibition refers to the act of prohibiting a certain substance or act. Prohibition may refer to Prohibition of alcohol periods in several countries during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal Prohibition in the United States Prohibition in Canada Prohibition drugs War on Drugs an initiative undertaken by the United States to carry out an all out offensive as President Nixon described it against the possession of certain drugs by moving them into the purview of the black market Prohibition writ in the United States, is an official legal document drafted and issued by a supreme court or superior court to a judge presiding over a suit in an inferior court. The writ of prohibition mandates the inferior court to cease any action over the case because it may not fall within that inferior court s jurisdiction Prohibition sign a red circle with a diagonal line through it running from top left to bottom right , covering a pictogram to indicate something is not permitted Prohibition miniseries Prohibition miniseries A Ken Burns documentary on the American temperance movement and prohibition In the Qur an , sura 66, At Tahrim , is generally translated as Prohibition . disambig es Prohibici n fr Prohibition homonymie it Divieto ... more details
Infobox mountain pass name Picture Rock Pass photo photo caption elevation ft 4630 elevation ref traversed Oregon Route 31 location Lake County, Oregon , USA range coordinates coord 43.047722 120.798712 display inline,title type pass topo Picture Rock Pass el. 4830 ft. is a mountain pass in Oregon traversed by Oregon Route 31 . It is located between the communities of Silver Lake, Oregon Silver Lake and Paisley, Oregon Paisley in Lake County, Oregon Lake County . Geographically, it separates Silver Lake Oregon Silver and Summer Lake Oregon Summer lakes. These two lakes with their related drainage basin s are the most northwesterly part of the Great Basin . ref name OGN cite book last McArthur first Lewis A. authorlink Lewis A. McArthur coauthors Lewis L. McArthur title Oregon Geographic Names origyear 1928 edition Sixth Edition year 1992 publisher Oregon Historical Society Press location Portland, Oregon Portland , Oregon isbn 0 87595 237 2 pages 806, 668 ref The name of the pass comes from some pictogram s on rocks south of the highway which are not presently understood. ref name OGN References reflist Category Mountain passes of Oregon Category Landforms of Lake County, Oregon LakeOR geo stub ... more details
double image right NormalerKorper mit full bust.PNG 180 EN 13402 bra.png 180 A bust measure Pictogram for the European bra size 70B the bustline is 84 86cm refimprove date January 2007 File Lace nightie.jpg thumb 200px left Nightie with loose bustline A bustline is an arbitrary line encircling the fullest part of the Breast bust or body circumference at the bust. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary bustline Merriam Webster ref It is a body measurement which measures the circumference of a woman s torso at the level of the breasts . It is measured by keeping a measuring tape horizontal and wrapping it around the body so that it goes over the nipple s and under the arm s. In relation to a woman s garment , the bustline is the outline or shape of a woman s bust, or the part of the garment which covers the breasts, such as a dress with a fitted bustline. ref http dictionary.reference.com browse bustline Dictionary.com ref The bustline is an important measure in women s clothing size s. Other measures A full bust is another term for the bustline measure but is also commonly used to refer to a breast with a Brassiere measurement Cup measurement methods cup size of at least C. A high bust is a measure of a woman s torso above her breasts. An under bust is the measure below the breasts. These measures are usually taken when taking measurements for the bustline of a woman s garment, especially if the garment is to be form fitting at the bust. See also Hemline Neckline Waistline References reflist Clothing Category Anthropometry Category Sizes in clothing Category Body shape Measurement stub ... more details
No footnotes date March 2012 The Yugtun or Alaska script is a syllabary invented around the year 1900 by Uyaquq to write the Central Alaskan Yup ik language . Uyaquq, who was monolingual in Yup ik, initially used indigenous pictogram s as a form of proto writing that served as a mnemonic in preaching the Bible. However, when he realized that this did not allow him to reproduce the exact words of a passage the way the Latin alphabet did for English speaking missionaries, he and his assistants developed it until it became a full syllabary. Although Uyaquq never learned English or the Latin alphabet, he was influenced by both. The syllable kut, for example, resembles the cursive form of the English word good. Bibliography Florian Coulmas, 1996. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems Albertine Gaur, 2000. Literacy and the Politics of Writing Alfred Schmitt, 1951. Die Alaska Schrift und ihre schriftgeschichtliche Bedeutung , Simons, Marburg Alfred Schmitt, 1981. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Schrift. Eine Schriftentwicklung um 1900 in Alaska , Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden Reprint der Ausgabe Leipzig 1940 , ISBN 3 447 02162 4 Vol. 1 Text, vol. 2. Abbildungen References Reflist External links http www.christusrex.org www1 pater JPN inuit.html The Pater Noster in Uyaquk s pictograms list of writing systems writingsystem stub Category Syllabary writing systems Category Yupik languages de Alaska Schrift ... more details
Infobox lake lake name Missinaibi Lake image lake Missinaibi Pictographs.jpg caption lake Pictogram Pictographs on Fairy Point image bathymetry caption bathymetry location Ontario coords coord 48 20 N 83 45 W display inline,title type inflow Little Missinaibi River outflow Missinaibi River catchment basin countries Canada length width area depth max depth volume residence time shore elevation islands cities frozen Missinaibi Lake is a lake in Ontario , Canada , about convert 60 km mi north of Chapleau, Ontario Chapleau . It is the source of the Missinaibi River , which rises from the lake and flows northeastward into the Moose River Ontario Moose River . ref Merriam Webster s Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition , p. 789. ref Together with the Missinaibi River, Brunswick River, Brunswick Lake, Little Missinaibi River, and Little Missinaibi Lake, the shores and waters of the lake are part of the Missinaibi Provincial Park. The lake is also in the middle of the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve . For the trading post here see Missinaibi River . References Reflist added under references heading by script assisted edit External links http www.ontarioparks.com english miss.html Ontario Parks Missinaibi Provincial Park official website Ontario geo stub Category Lakes of Sudbury District ... more details
File Seal of Sikkim color.png thumb Seal of Sikkim The seal of Sikkim also called Kham sum ongdu , is used by the government of Sikkim as its symbol. It was previously the symbol during the latter period of the Sikkimese monarchy . The central shield, supported by dragon s, consists of a Buddhist khorlo prayer wheel with the gankyil as the central element. Above is a helmet more in line with Europe European armorial bearings , and atop that is the ashtamangala right turning conch , a Buddhist pictogram representing the pervasive sound of the Buddhadharma which awakens disciples and urges them to accomplish their own welfare and the welfare of others. The seal comprises the Tibetan words Kham sum ongdu , which literally means the conqueror of the three worlds ref Tenzin C. Tashi, http sikhim.blogspot.com 2010 01 kham sum ongdu coat of arms of namgyal.html The Kham sum ongdu , the coat of arms of the Namgyal dynasty ref With the annexation of Sikkim to India , and with the abolition of the monarchy , the flag of Sikkim was abolished, but the symbol retained. References references See also Emblems of Indian States External links http www.flaggenlexikon.de fsikkim.htm http www.sikkiminfo.net government.htm Asia topic Coat of arms of title Coat of arms of Asia Category National seals Sikkim Category National symbols of Sikkim Category History of Sikkim Category Indian coats of arms fr Sceau du Sikkim ... more details
CCPDMA is the acronym for complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment . It is the preferred method for the removal of certain cancer s, especially skin cancer s. ref http wwwu.tsgh.ndmctsgh.edu.tw commcpc images nccn Non Melanoma 20Skin 20Cancer 2007.pdf ref ref http wwwu.tsgh.ndmctsgh.edu.tw commcpc images nccn dfsp 20NCCN 202004.pdf ref A classical example of CCPDMA is Mohs surgery . Other examples of CCPDMA are found in classical pathology textbooks as techniques of cutting surgical specimens to allow the examination of the inferior and lateral margins of typically elliptical surgical specimens. CCPDMA is superior to standard bread loafing due to very low false negative error rate. Bread loafing extrapolates the margin exam of a few representative slides to the entire surgical margin . CCPDMA allows for the complete examination of the surgical margin without statistical extrapolation and assumptions. The first advantage of CCPDMA method is that it allows for the complete examination of the entire surgical margin of the specimen. The second advantage of CCPDMA is allowing the surgeon to remove only a very small surgical margin. As the CCPDMA surgery is frequently performed using frozen section pathology, immediate reporting of positive surgical margin is made, and the tumor can be completely removed in the same day. Traditional pathology processing is called bread loafing , and only allows for the partial examination of the surgical margin. Many surgeons send the specimen out for processing, and the result of the surgical margin assessment is not made until days later. ref Kimyahi Asadi A, et al. Dermatol Surg. 2007 Dec 33 12 1434 9 discussion 1439 41. Margin involvement after the excision of melanoma in situ the need for complete en face examination of the surgical margins. ref Image Margin Controlled Bread Loaf.jpg thumb Pictogram of Margin Controlled Histology CCPDMA Image Bread loafing.jpg thumb Pictogram of Standard Bread Loafing Histology ... more details
Merge to Histological section discuss Talk Histological section Merge propose date April 2010 Image Margin Controlled Bread Loaf.jpg thumb Pictogram of margin controlled histology or CCPDMA Image Bread loafing.jpg thumb Pictogram of standard bread loafing histology Deleted image removed Image Actual Bread Loafing.jpg thumb Standard Bread Loafing Histology Image FalseNegativeBreadLoaf.JPG thumb False negative in standard bread loafing histology Image Smash Pie Pan.jpg thumb Comparing Mohs Method CCPDMA to smashing an aluminum piepan Image Mohsflattening2.jpg thumb How a Mohs Section is flattened with relaxing incisions Bread loafing is a common method of processing surgical specimen for histopathology . The process involves cutting the specimen into 3 or more sections ref Fong, Kenneth., Malhotra, Raman. http www.optometry.co.uk articles docs aff9794de0a3c3caead621804b5ff111 Malhora181105.pdf Common eyelid malignancies Clinical features and management options Optometry Today. 18 November 2005. ref . The cut sections are mounted by embedding in paraffin or frozen medium. The cut edge is then thinly sliced with a microtome or a cryostat . The thin slices are then mounted on a glass slide, stained, and covered with another layer of glass. This method is used to determine surgical margin for skin tumor s, and is also known as POMA Post Operative Margin Assessment as referred to by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network . ref http wwwu.tsgh.ndmctsgh.edu.tw commcpc images nccn Non Melanoma 20Skin 20Cancer 2007.pdf Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers. National Comprehensive Cancer Network . 12 November 2006. ref It has a higher false negative error rate than CCPDMA method of tissue processing ref Kimjai Asadi A, et al. Dermatol Surg. 2007 Dec 33 12 1434 9 discussion 1439 41. Margin involvement after the excision of melanoma in situ the need for complete en face examination of the surgical margins. ref . The error rate is reduced when the surgical margin is increase ... more details
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