wiktionarypar planePlane or planes may refer to Physical objects Aeroplane or airplane, a fixed wing aircraft Plane tool , a woodworking tool to smooth surfaces Platanus , a genus of trees with the common name plane Acer pseudoplatanus , a tree species sometimes called plane Planes genus Planes genus , a genus of crabs in the family Grapsidae called weed crabs Plane river , a river in eastern Germany Plane wherry , a Norfolk wherry in service 1931&ndash 49 Concepts Plane geometry , abstract surface which has infinite width and length, zero thickness, and zero curvature. Lattice plane , a plane in a crystal structure Clipping plane In 3D graphics Clipping plane , in computer graphics Plane esotericism , an emergent state, level or region of reality Physical plane , the physical universe in emanationist metaphysics Plane of immanence , a philosophical concept Planing sailing , a method of travelling quickly across water by using speed to lift the hull out of the water Plane sailing , an approximation used in navigation Plane Unicode , in Unicode, a big range of 65,536 2 sup 16 sup code points Mythology and Religion Plan mythology See also Planes film Planes film , an upcoming film Plain disambiguation Plano disambiguation Planar disambiguation disambig cs Rovina rozcestn k de Plane fr Plane homonymie hr Plane sr tl Plane zh yue Plane ... more details
In mathematics and engineering , the S plane is the name for the complex plane on which Laplace transform s are graphed. It is a mathematical domain where, instead of viewing processes in the time domain modelled with time based functions, they are viewed as equations in the frequency domain . It is used as a graphical analysis tool in engineering and physics. A real function f in time t is translated into the s plane by taking the integral of the function, multiplied by math e st math from math 0 math to math infty math , where s is a complex number . math int 0 infty f t e st ,dt s in mathbb C math One way to understand what this equation is doing is to remember how Fourier analysis works. In Fourier analysis , harmonic sine and cosine waves are multiplied into the signal, and the resultant integration provides indication of a signal present at that frequency i.e. the signal s energy at a point in the frequency domain . The s transform does the same thing, but more generally. The e sup st sup not only catches frequencies, but also the real e sup t sup effects as well. s transforms therefore cater not only for frequency response, but decay effects as well. For instance, a damped sine wave can be modeled correctly using s transforms. s transforms are commonly known as Laplace transform s. In the s plane, multiplying by s has the effect of differentiating in the corresponding real time domain. Dividing by s integrates. Analysing the complex number complex roots of an s plane equation and plotting them on an Argand diagram , can reveal information about the frequency response and stability of a real time system. See also Root locus State space controls External links http dspcan.homestead.com files Ztran zlap.htm Illustration of how the s plane maps to the z plane Category Fourier analysis Mathanalysis stub de Erweiterte symbolische Methode der Wechselstromtechnik pl P aszczyzna S ru S ... more details
unreferenced date October 2011 File Transversal planes.JPG Plane t is a transversal plane because it intersects parallel planes p and q . thumb In geometry , a transversal plane is a plane that intersects not contains two or more Line geometry lines or Plane geometry planes . A transversal plane may also form dihedral angle s. Theorems Transversal plane theorem for lines Lines that intersect a transversal plane are parallel if and only if their alternate interior angles formed by the points of intersection are congruent. Transversal plane theorem for planes Planes intersected by a transversal plane are parallel if and only if their alternate interior dihedral angles are congruent. Transversal line containment theorem If a transversal line is contained in any plane other than the plane containing all the lines, then the plane is a transversal plane. Category Multi dimensional geometry Geometry stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In 3D computer graphics , the image plane is that Plane mathematics plane in the world which is identified with the plane of the monitor. If one makes the analogy of taking a photograph to rendering a 3D image, the surface of the film is the image plane. In this case, the viewing transformation is a 3D projection projection that maps the world onto the image plane. A rectangular region of this plane, called the viewing window or viewport , maps to the monitor. This establishes the mapping between pixels on the monitor and points or rather, rays in the 3D world. In optics , the image plane is the plane that contains the object s projected image, and lies beyond the back focal plane . See also Real image Focal plane DEFAULTSORT Image Plane Category 3D computer graphics Compu graphics stub nl Beeldvlak optica ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 about electromagnetism the light aircraft e plane SSDR The E plane and H plane are reference planes for linearly polarized waveguide electromagnetism waveguide s, antenna radio antennas and other microwave devices. E Plane For a linearly polarized antenna, this is the plane containing the electric field vector and the direction of maximum radiation. The electric field or E plane determines the Polarization waves polarization or orientation of the radio wave. For a vertically polarized antenna, the E plane usually coincides with the vertical elevation plane. For a horizontally polarized antenna, the E Plane usually coincides with the horizontal azimuth plane. E plane and H plane should be 90 deg apart. The simple way of remembering this for English speakers is that the E in E plane is the same as the E in Element. H plane In the case of the same linearly polarized antenna, this is the plane containing the magnetic field vector and the direction of maximum radiation. The magnetic field The H Field magnetizing field or H plane lies at a right angle to the E plane. For a vertically polarized antenna, the H plane usually coincides with the horizontal azimuth plane. For a horizontally polarized antenna, the H plane usually coincides with the vertical elevation plane. Image E and H Plane PD h yagi.png thumb 500px center Diagram showing the relationship between the E and H planes for a horizontally polarized directional yagi antenna Image E and H Plane PD.png thumb 500px center Diagram showing the relationship between the E and H planes for a vertically polarized omnidirectional dipole antenna See also Radiation pattern Category Telecommunications equipment telecomm stub ... more details
In mathematics, the term hyperbolic plane may refer to A two dimensional plane in Hyperbolic geometry Models of the hyperbolic plane hyperbolic geometry A two dimensional plane in Minkowski space the plane of the hyperbolic number s A two dimensional quadratic space with a non singular isotropic quadratic form mathdab zh ... more details
The fundamental plane may refer to Fundamental plane spherical coordinates , which divides a spherical coordinate system Fundamental plane elliptical galaxies , which shows an empirical relationship among mean surface brightness, velocity dispersion and effective radius of an elliptical galaxy disambig ... more details
Tracheal Bifurcation Pulmonary Trunk Bifurcation The xiphosternal plane aka xiphosternal junction ... Inferior border of the heart The transpyloric planePlane located halfway between the jugular ... through the pylorus and the tips of the ninth costal cartilages The subcostal plane Transverse plane ... L3 The umbilical plane or transumbilical plane Located at the level of L3 L4 vertebral junction or IV disc The supracristal plane Located at the level of L4 Marks bifurcation of Aorta Most superior aspect of Iliac Crest The intertubercular plane aka Transtubercular Plane Located at the level of L5 Marks origin of IVC The interspinous plane Transverse plane which transverses the anterior superior ... plane Coronal plane Sagittal plane Anatomical planes DEFAULTSORT Transverse Plane Category Anatomy ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Jack Plane No. 5.jpg thumb 240px A modern, Bailey type Jack Plane A jack plane is the general purpose bench plane tool plane , used for general smoothing of the edges, sizing of wood and edge joining jointing edges. Jack planes are about 12 15 inches long, and the blade can have either a slightly circled edge for smoothing stock, or a curved edge for jointing stock. In preparing stock, the jack plane is used after the scrub plane and before the jointer plane and smooth plane . The name is related to the saying jack of all trades . Jack planes perform both the work of smooth planes and Jointer plane trying planes . A jack plane came to be referred to as a No. 5 plane or a Bailey pattern No. 5, at the end of the 19th century. Prior to that, all but the blade was made of wood in bench planes. The No. nomenclature originally used by Stanley Tools to label its Bailey pattern plane products continues to identify planes made by various manufacturers. Not all manufacturers of the era had the same number scheme for their planes. Millers Fall and Sargent had different numbers to refer to the same planes. The jack plane is used to smooth off pieces of timber or lumber. DEFAULTSORT Jack Plane Category Planes tool stub ru ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Image Stanley No7C jointer plane.jpg thumb Jointer plane The jointer plane also known as the try plane or trying plane is a type of hand plane used primarily to straighten the edges of boards in the operation known as Edge jointing jointing . A jointer plane may also be used to flatten the face of a board. Its long length is designed to ride over the undulations of an uneven surface, skimming off the peaks, gradually creating a flat surface. In thicknessing or preparing rough stock, the jointer plane is usually preceded by the jack plane and followed by the smoothing plane . Jointer planes are typically convert 20 to 24 in mm long. There is also a shorter version of the jointer plane known as the fore plane which is around convert 18 in mm long. See also Jointer Category Planes ca Garlopa de Raubank es Garlopa fr Varlope nl Voorloper gereedschap ru ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Subcostal plane Latin planum subcostale GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray1225.png Caption Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for duodenum, pancreas, and kidneys. Subcostal plane is approximately at level of C Image2 Gray1034.png Caption2 Front view of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. BR a. Median plane . BR b. Lateral planes . BR c. Trans tubercular plane . BR d. Subcostal plane. BR e. Transpyloric plane . Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 22 DorlandsSuf 12644635 The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the costal margin . ref name titleDefinition subcostal plane from Online Medical Dictionary Cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?subcostal plane title Definition subcostal plane from Online Medical Dictionary accessdate 2007 12 07 format work ref References Reflist External links http www.liv.ac.uk HumanAnatomy phd mbchb travel surface1.html http www.qub.ac.uk cskills Abd 20exam.htm Anatomical planes Category Anatomy Anatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin planum medianum GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray1220.png Caption Surface lines of the front of the thorax and abdomen. Image2 Human anatomy planes.svg Caption2 Human anatomy planes. Median plane is a sagittal plane. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 22 DorlandsSuf 12644566 Unreferenced date February 2008 The median plane is a Midsagittal plane which bisects the body vertically through the navel , dividing the body exactly in left and right side. Sagittal plane is any plane parallel to the median plane. It is one of the lines used to define the Right upper quadrant abdomen right upper quadrant of the human abdomen . The midsternal line can be interpreted as a segment of the median plane. Anatomical planes Category Abdomen nl Mediaan anatomie ... more details
Image hoevl.jpg thumb Smoothing plane Image Garrett Wade Paragon No. 4 Smoothing Plane.jpg thumb A modern, iron bodied, No. 4 Smoothing Plane A smoothing plane or smooth plane is a type of bench plane tool plane used in woodworking . The smoothing plane is typically the last plane used on a wood surface when used properly, the finish it gives will be far superior to that made by sandpaper or scrapers. The smooth finish is the result of planing the wood off in strips, rather than by successive buffing and scratching. The smoothing plane is typically 8 to 10 inches long. The throat may be adjusted to a tight opening so as to allow only a very fine shaving and to reduce tearout of the grain to a minimum. The smooth plane is held with both hands. ref Hand Planes Reprint from Handwork In Wood by William Noyes ref The Plane tool Parts of a plane iron of the smoothing plane is generally sharpened straight across or with a slightly Wiktionary arch arch ed cutting Wiktionary edge edge or at least with rounded corners to prevent unsightly Groove engineering groove s from being gouged in the wood surface as it is planed. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Smoothing Plane Category Planes da H vl Skrubh vl, Sleth vl og Pudsh vl de Doppelhobel nl Blokschaaf ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Interspinous plane Latin planum interspinale GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 22 DorlandsSuf 12644540 The interspinous plane or spinous plane is a transverse plane which transverses the anterior superior iliac spine s. External links http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com viewer.aspx?path dorland&name plane 2 .jpg Anatomical planes Category Anatomy anatomy stub ... more details
Image razeeplane.jpg thumb right A razee plane A razee plane is a type of wooden bodied woodworking Plane tool plane which is cut away in height toward its rear. The handle is placed just behind the point where the plane body is lowered, thus putting the user s hand, and the thrust, closer to the wood. The description is apparently derived from the razee ship conversion, in which the ship is cut down to remove some of the upperworks. Woodworking carpentry stub Category Planes Category Woodworking hand tools ... more details
In mathematics , an affine plane may refer to The Euclidean plane Affine plane incidence geometry , an abstract system of points and lines such that every pair of points has a line containing both of them A two dimensional affine space , an origin free generalization of a vector space The plane with two complex Cartesian coordinates , called the affine plane in algebraic geometry to emphasize the difference between it and its projective completion mathdab ... more details
edition specific information and general information. date October 2010 The Plane of Shadow is a fictional Plane Dungeons & Dragons plane of existence in the Dungeons & Dragons role playing game, under the standard planar cosmology. Publication history In first edition AD&D , the Plane of Shadow was the largest Demi Plane of the Ethereal Plane. ref Jeff Grubb Manual of the Planes TSR, Inc. TSR , 1987 . ref Description The Plane of Shadow is a dimly lit dimension that is both conterminous to and coexistent with the Prime Material Plane Material Plane . It overlaps the Material Plane much as the Ethereal Plane does, so a planar traveler can use the Plane of Shadow to cover great distances quickly. The Plane of Shadow is also conterminous to other planes. With the right spell, a character can use the Plane of Shadow to visit other realities. The Plane of Shadow is a world of black and white color itself has been bleached from the environment. It otherwise appears similar to the Material Plane. Despite the lack of light sources, various plants, animals, and humanoids call the Plane of Shadow home. The Plane of Shadow is magically morphic, and parts continually flow onto other planes. As a result, creating a precise map of the plane is next to impossible, despite the presence of landmarks. Traits Magically morphic. Certain spells modify the base material of the Plane of Shadow. The utility and power of these spells within the Plane of Shadow make them particularly useful for explorers ... on the Plane of Shadow. Such spells are cast as though they were prepared with the Maximize ... slightly more powerful on the Plane of Shadow. The two spells Shadow Conjuration and Shadow Evocation ... cast on the Plane of Shadow. A spellcaster attempting a spell with the light or fire descriptor must ... in general, because all light sources have their ranges halved on the Plane of Shadow. Despite the dark nature of the Plane of Shadow, spells that produce, use, or manipulate darkness are unaffected ... more details
The Laplace plane or Laplacian plane of a planetary satellite, named after its discoverer Pierre Simon Laplace 1749 1827 , is a mean or reference plane about whose axis the instantaneous orbital plane astronomy orbital plane of a satellite precession precesses . This plane is sometimes called the satellite s invariable plane , but the latter term Invariable plane more often refers to the related concept ... body. Definition The axis of this Laplace plane is coplanar with, and between, a the polar axis ... name ESAA92 The Laplace plane arises because the equatorial oblateness of the parent planet tends to cause ... plane, while the solar perturbations tend to cause the orbit of the satellite to precess around the polar axis of the parent planet s orbital plane around the Sun. The two effects acting together result ... In effect, this is the plane normal to the orbital precession pole of the satellite. It is a kind of average orbital plane of the satellite, around which the instantaneous orbital plane of the satellite ... plane is very close to the equatorial plane of its primary planet if the satellite is very close to its planet or to the plane of the primary planet s orbit around the Sun if the satellite is far ... for orbits farther away. Examples of satellites whose Laplace plane is close to their planet s equatorial plane include the Moons of Mars satellites of Mars and the Inner moon inner satellites of the giant planets . Examples of satellites whose Laplace plane is close to their planet s orbital plane include Earth s Moon and the Irregular moon outer satellites of the giant planets . Some ... planes that are midway between their planet s equatorial plane and the plane of its solar orbit. So the varying positions of the Laplace plane at varying distances from the primary planet can be pictured ... plane of rotation and oblateness of the planet, and the outermost rings near its solar orbital plane ... or Laplacean plane, as discussed here, relates to the orbit of a planetary satellite. It is to be distinguished ... more details
File Plane mirror.png thumb A ray diagram for a plane mirror A plane mirror is a mirror with a Plane mathematics plane reflective surface. For light Ray optics rays striking a plane mirror, the angle of Reflection physics reflection equals the angle of incidence. Thus a Collimated light collimated beam of light does not spread out after reflection from a plane mirror, except for diffraction effects. A plane mirror makes images of objects in front of it these images appear to be behind the plane in which the mirror lies. A straight line drawn from part of an object to the corresponding part of its image makes a right angle with, and is bisected by, the surface of the plane mirror. The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual image virtual meaning that the light rays do not actually come from the image , upright, and of the same shape and size as the object it is reflecting. A virtual image is a copy of an object formed at the location from which the light rays appear to come. However, the image is a laterally inverted mirror image of the object. If a person is reflected in a plane mirror, the image of his right hand appears to be the left hand of the image. Relation to curved mirrors Mathematically, a plane mirror can be considered to be the Limit mathematics limit of either a concave or a convex spherical curved mirror as the radius, and therefore the focal length , becomes infinite. Category Mirrors optics stub de Planspiegel fr Miroir plan ta tr D zlem ayna vi G ng ph ng ... more details
In mathematics , the Minkowski plane named after Hermann Minkowski is a two dimensional affine space provided with a Metric mathematics metric that is translational symmetry invariant under translation geometry translations . Often one identifies the underlying affine space with the plane mathematics plane R sup 2 sup . With this identification, it is easily seen that any Minkowski plane corresponds to a norm mathematics norm on that plane, and vice versa. A generalization of the Minkowski plane is the Benz plane . See also distance unit disc External links http www.math.poly.edu alvarez pdfs disc.pdf On the Perimeter and Area of the Unit Disc , by J.C. lvarez Pavia and A.C. Thompson geometry stub Category Affine geometry Category Metric geometry ru ... more details
Infobox River river name Plane image name Plane1 Freienthal.JPG caption origin Brandenburg mouth Havel br coord 52 23 6 N 12 29 34 E display inline,title basin countries Germany length 57 km elevation discharge watershed The Plane is a river in Brandenburg , Germany , left tributary of the Havel . Its total length is 57 kilometre km . The Plane originates in the High Fl ming Nature Park , near Rabenstein . It flows north through Planetal and Golzow, Potsdam Mittelmark Golzow . The Plane joins the Havel in the Breitlingsee lake west of Brandenburg an der Havel . commonscat Plane River Plane River Category Rivers of Brandenburg Brandenburg geo stub de Plane Fluss ... more details
Plane symmetry means a symmetry of a pattern in the Euclidean plane that is, a transformation of the plane that carries any directioned lines to lines and preserves many different distances. If one has a pattern in the plane, the set of plane symmetries that preserve the pattern forms a group mathematics group . The groups that arise in this way are plane symmetry groups and are of considerable mathematical interest. A symmetry plane is a three dimensional object s symmetry axe. There are several kinds of plane symmetry groups Reflection group s. These are plane symmetry groups that are generated by reflections, possibly limited to reflections in lines through the origin. Circle group Rotation group s. These groups consist of rotations around a point. Translation group s. Symmetries of geometrical figure s. Some of these are reflection groups, e.g., the group of symmetries of the square geometry square or the rectangle . The symmetry group of a swastika or any similar figure without an axis of symmetry is a rotation group. Category Euclidean geometry Elementary geometry stub ... more details
Image BullnoseShoulderPlane.jpg thumb right 250px A bullnose shoulder plane. In this model the mouth is adjusted by adding or removing shim engineering shims behind the removable nose. The shoulder plane is a plane tool plane tool with a blade flush with the edges of the plane, allowing trimming right up to the edge of a workpiece. Like a rebate plane , the shoulder plane s blade extends, therefore cuts, to the full width of the tool. The shoulder plane is used to trim the shoulders and faces of Mortise and tenon tenons . It is used when it is necessary to trim right into the concave corner where two surfaces of the same piece of wood meet perpendicularly. It is also commonly used to clean up dadoes housings and tenons for joinery. Unlike the rebate plane, the shoulder plane is intended to cut end grain . There are therefore differences between it and a rebate plane in the angles at which the iron blade is set. There is a more acute angle between the iron and the sole of the tool. The iron is set square across the tool rather than obliquely. The iron is set face down. The ground and honed bevel forming the edge is uppermost. A shoulder plane also has a much finer set mouth, which allows finer shavings to be taken. References cite web title Premium Shoulder Planes url http www.wkfinetools.com contrib cSchwarz z art sPlanes sPlanes1.asp author Christopher Schwarz publisher WK Fine Tools accessdate 6 July 2009 Category Planes de Doppel Simshobel ru ... more details
In woodworking , a chamfer plane is a specialised plane tool plane used for making bevelled edges that is, chamfer s. Further reading http www.frontier.iarc.uaf.edu 8080 cswingle woodworking jigs.phtml http www.frontier.iarc.uaf.edu cswingle woodworking images chamfer plane.pdf Images http www.fine tools.com G309803.htm Woodworking Category Planes carpentry stub ... more details
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