- Pliocene
This article is in Commonwealth English Neogene The Pliocene IPAc en icon p l a . s i n archaically ... epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Cenozoic Era . The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch ... placed the 4 most recent major glaciations entirely within the Pleistocene, the Pliocene also comprised the Gelasian stage, which lasted from 2.588 to 1.805 million years ago. The Pliocene was named ... are slightly uncertain. The boundaries defining the onset of the Pliocene are not set at an easily ... In the official timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy ICS , the Pliocene ... 3.600 2.588 Ma Zanclean 5.332 3.600 Ma The Piacenzian is sometimes referred to as the Late Pliocene, whereas the Zanclean is referred to as the Early Pliocene. In the system of North American Land Mammal Ages the Pliocene overlaps with two stages the Blancan 4.75 1.806 Ma and Hemphillian 9 4.75 Ma . In the system of South American Land Mammal Ages , the Pliocene overlaps with the Montehermosan 6.8 ... of western Asia the Pliocene contains the Dacian stage Dacian roughly equal to the Zanclean and Romanian ..., there are many other regional and local subdivisions in use. Climate Main Pliocene climate File Pliocene sst anomaly.png thumb 200px Mid Pliocene reconstructed annual sea surface temperature anomaly During the Pliocene epoch climate became cooler and drier, and seasonal, similar to modern climate. The global average temperature in the mid Pliocene 3.3 mya 3 mya was 2 3 C higher than today, ref Robinson, M., H.J. Dowsett, and M.A. Chandler, 2008 Pliocene role in assessing future climate ... etal.pdf ref global sea level 25 m higher ref Dwyer, G.S., and M.A. Chandler, 2009 Mid Pliocene ... of extensive glaciation over Greenland ice sheet Greenland that occurred in the late Pliocene around ... was probably underway before the end of the epoch. The global cooling that occurred during the Pliocene ... cite web url http www.ucmp.berkeley.edu tertiary pli.html title The Pliocene epoch accessdate 2008 03 ... more details
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- Pliocene climate
multiple image align right direction vertical width 300 image1 Pliocene sst anomaly.png caption1 Mid Pliocene reconstructed annual sea surface temperature anomaly image2 Pliocene benthic carbonate 18O.png caption2 sup 18 sup O Benthic foraminifera 0 7 Ma During the Pliocene epoch 5.3 Ma to 2.6 Ma climate ... in the mid Pliocene 3.3 Ma 3 Ma was 2 3 C higher than today ref cite journal author Robinson M., Dowsett H.J., Chandler M.A. title Pliocene role in assessing future climate impacts journal Eos ... sea level 25m higher ref cite journal author Dwyer G.S., Chandler M.A. title Mid Pliocene sea ... in the late Pliocene around 3 Ma. ref cite journal author Bartoli G., et al. title Final closure ... before the end of the epoch. The global cooling that occurred during the Pliocene may have spurred ... www.ucmp.berkeley.edu tertiary pli.html title The Pliocene epoch accessdate 2008 03 25 work University of California Museum of Paleontology date ref During the Pliocene the earth climate system response ... Middle Pliocene sea surface temperature variability journal Paleoceanography volume 20 pages PA2014 ..., deMenocal P.B., Barreiro M., Pacanowski R.C., Philander S.G. title The Pliocene paradox mechanisms ... Lunt D.J., Foster G.L., Haywood A.M., Stone E.J. title Late Pliocene Greenland glaciation controlled ... 2003PalOc..18b..23P issue 2 ref A permanent El Ni o state existed in the early mid Pliocene , warmer ... Carbon dioxide concentration during the mid Pliocene has been estimated at around 400 ppmv from ... B., Horowitz M., Rau G.H. title Mid Pliocene warmth stronger greenhouse and stronger conveyor journal ... 10.1016 0377 8398 95 00067 4 ref , decreasing carbon dioxide levels during late Pliocene may have ... Lunt08 West antarctic ice sheet File Pliocene topography ice.png thumb 200px Mid Pliocene reconstructed ... . ref cite journal author Naish T., et al. title Obliquity paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet ... in the early mid Pliocene 5Ma 3Ma , after 3Ma intervals with modern or glacial ice volume became longer ... more details
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- Saga of Pliocene Exile
2009 The Saga of Pliocene Exile or the Saga of the Exiles is a series of science fiction science ... of Pliocene Exile known as the Saga of the Exiles in some markets is a narrative surrounding ... way time gate to Earth s Pliocene epoch, in the hopes of finding a simple utopia where they can ... the Pliocene is already inhabited by a Polymorphism biology dimorphic race of aliens exotics , the Tanu ..., are marooned on Pliocene Earth as well. The Tanu exotics have difficulty reproducing on Earth ... psychic metapsychic powers . The Pliocene Gateway The device used to transport people back in time allows objects to travel back to the Pliocene era intact, but any object attempting to travel forward .... The Milieu also does not allow any operant metapsychics to go back. Pliocene races Tanu and Firvulag The exotics inhabiting the Pliocene Epoch, despite being separated from the appearance of humans ... appears in the Saga of Pliocene Exile. She is Brede Shipspouse. She seems longer lived than either ... traveling within a vessel embedded in the Ship s crystal body. Humans Humans in the Pliocene ... born in the Pliocene i.e. Sunny Jim Quigley and Calistro, a goat herder . Some humans are happy with Tanu ... referring to humans in Pliocene Europe. The Firvulag call all humans Lowlives, while the Tanu and humanity reserve the term for those humans in Pliocene Europe not ruled by the Tanu. They live in small ..., and Simbiari and the Tanu and Firvulag of the Pliocene epoch, have developed psychic powers ... operant if they have psychic abilities and can consciously use them. In the Pliocene Epoch, the Firvulag ... most humans in the Pliocene are latent at most. The few who are operant are sometimes categorized using ... and their chaliko steeds as a Pliocene Wild Hunt . Farsensing the ability to communicate with others ... power, prolepsis , is alluded to in The Saga of Pliocene Exile and explored a little in the Galactic ... of Pliocene Exile only Brede, Felice and later Marc may have been able to use this power ... more details
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- Josephoartigasia
italictitle Automatic taxobox image Josephoartigasia BW.jpg fossil range Early Pliocene Early to Late Pliocene Late Pliocene image caption Josephoartigasia monesi reconstruction taxon Josephoartigasia authority Mones, 2007 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Josephoartigasia monesi Josephoartigasia magna Josephoartigasia is an extinct genus of rodent from the Early to Late Pliocene that is related to the living pacarana . The genus includes the largest known rodent, Josephoartigasia monesi . ref cite web url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 7408743.stm title Biggest rodent shrinks in size publisher BBC News date 2008 05 21 ref It resembles a modern capybara . References reflist portal Paleontology Category Hystricognath rodents Category Prehistoric pacaranas Category Pliocene mammals Category Megafauna of South America paleo rodent stub es Josephoartigasia hu Josephoartigasia pt Josephoartigasia ... more details
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- Dinopithecus
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date February 2009 Taxobox name Dinopithecus fossil range Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Cercopithecidae genus Dinopithecus Dinopithecus was an extinct giant baboon as big as a grown man that lived during the Pliocene . portal Paleontology Paleo primate stub Category Pliocene mammals Category Prehistoric mammals of Africa Category Prehistoric primates ... more details
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- Ceratotherium mauritanicum
Ceratotherium mauritanicum Pomel, 1888 , is a fossil African rhinoceros thought to be the ancestor of the extant White rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum , with transitional form s being found in East Africa ref PLIOCENE RHINOCEROTIDAE MAMMALIA FROM HADAR AND DIKIKA LOWER AWASH, ETHIOPIA . AND REVISION OF THE ORIGIN OF MODERN AFRICAN RHINOS, Denis Geraads, 2005 ref . References references Category Prehistoric mammals of Africa Category Pliocene mammals Category Prehistoric rhinoceroses Category Pliocene paleo oddtoedungulate stub ... more details
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- Lirachiton
automatic taxobox fossil range geo range Pliocene ref ref name vanBelle1981 authority Lirachiton is an extinct taxon rank of chiton polyplacophoran mollusc. Lirachiton became extinct in the Pliocene period. ref name vanBelle1981 Fossil chiton catalogue ref References reflist Category Paleontology Category Chitons Category Taxonomy paleo mollusc stub chiton stub ... more details
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- Pliohyrax
unreferenced date February 2009 italic title Taxobox name Pliohyrax fossil range Fossil range Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Hyracoidea familia Pliohyracidae genus extinction Pliohyrax genus authority Henry Fairfield Osborn Osborn , 1899 Pliohyrax , a genus believed extinct since the Pliocene , is one of the larger hyracoids the cavy like group of animals most closely related to elephants and manatees . It grew to sizes greatly exceeding those of any living hyrax , though it was by no means the largest member of this family. paleo mammal stub Category Prehistoric hyraxes Category Hyraxes Category Pliocene mammals Category Pliocene extinctions zh ... more details
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- Heterorhea
italictitle Taxobox name Heterorhea fossil range fossil range Pliocene image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Struthioniformes familia Rheidae genus extinction Heterorhea genus authority Rovereto, 1914 Heterorhea is an extinct genus of ratite in the Rheidae rhea family . References The Origin and Evolution of Birds by Alan Feduccia Category Ratites Category Pliocene birds Category Fossil taxa described in 1914 paleo bird stub ... more details
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- Meninatherium
Unreferenced date February 2009 Meninatherium is an extinct genus of the Asia n rhinoceros . Meninatherium had one horn anatomy horn on its snout and was covered in fur. It lived during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. It was a prototype Vague date February 2009 of the woolly rhinoceros . Category Prehistoric rhinoceroses Category Pliocene mammals Category Pleistocene mammals Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia paleo oddtoedungulate stub fr Meninatherium telleri ... more details
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- Villanyian
Villanyian age is a period of geologic time 3.4 1.8 Mya unit Ma within the Pliocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages . It precedes the Ruscinian age and overlaps the early Piacenzian and Zanclean ages. ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action displayInterval&interval no 288 Paleo Database Villanyian ref reflist Category Pliocene Neogene Footer geochronology stub ... more details
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- Ruscinian
The Ruscian age is a period of geologic time 5.3 3.4 Mya unit Ma within the Pliocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages . It precedes the Villanyian age and follows the Turolian age. The Ruscian overlaps the early Piacenzian and Zanclean ages. ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action displayInterval&interval no 289 Paleo Database Ruscinian ref Notes and references reflist Neogene Footer Category Pliocene geochronology stub de Ruscinium ... more details
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- Chapadmalalan
The Chapadmalalan age is a period of geologic time 4.0 3.0 Mya unit Ma within the Pliocene epoch of the Neogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages . It follows the Montehermosan and precedes the Uquian age. ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action displayInterval&interval no 721 Paleo Database Chapadmalalan ref References reflist Category Pliocene Neogene Footer geochronology stub ... more details
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- Uquian
The Uquian age is a period of geologic time 3.0 1.5 Mya unit Ma within the Pliocene epoch of the Neogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages . It follows the Montehermosan and precedes the Ensenadan age. ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action displayInterval&interval no 720 Paleo Database Uquian ref References reflist Category Pliocene Neogene Footer geochronology stub ... more details
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- Shungura Formation
The Shungura Formation is a paleontology palaeontological formation located in Ethiopia . It dates to the Pliocene Lower Pleistocene period. See also List of fossil sites References Geobios15 505. aut Vickers Rich, Patricia & Rich, Thomas Hewett 1993 Wildlife of Gondwana . Reed. ISBN 0 7301 0315 3 Category Pleistocene paleontological sites of Africa Category Geology of Ethiopia Category Pliocene paleontological sites of Africa Ethiopia stub geologic formation stub ... more details
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- Usno Formation
The Usno Formation is a paleontology palaeontological formation located in Ethiopia . It dates to the Pliocene Lower Pleistocene period. See also List of fossil sites References Geobios15 505. aut Vickers Rich, Patricia & Rich, Thomas Hewett 1993 Wildlife of Gondwana . Reed. ISBN 0 7301 0315 3 Category Pleistocene paleontological sites of Africa Category Geology of Ethiopia Category Pliocene paleontological sites of Africa Ethiopia stub geologic formation stub ... more details
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- Afossochiton
automatic taxobox fossil range geo range Oligocene Pliocene ref ref name vanBelle1981 authority Afossochiton is an extinct taxon rank of chiton polyplacophoran mollusc . Afossochiton became extinct during the Pliocene period. ref name vanBelle1981 Fossil chiton catalogue ref References reflist Category Paleontology Category Chitons Category Taxonomy paleo mollusc stub chiton stub ... more details
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- Callistochiton
Automatic taxobox fossil range geo range Miocene Pliocene ref ref name vanBelle1981 authority Dall, 1879 Callistochiton is an extinct taxon rank of chiton polyplacophoran mollusc . Callistochiton became extinct during the Pliocene period. ref name vanBelle1981 Fossil chiton catalogue ref References reflist Category Paleontology Category Chitons Category Taxonomy paleo mollusc stub chiton stub ... more details
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- Kvabebihyrax
italic title Taxobox name Kvabebihyrax fossil range Late Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Hyracoidea familia Pliohyracidae genus extinction Kvabebihyrax genus authority Gabunia & Vekua, 1966 Kvabebihyrax is an extinct genus of hyrax from the Europe an Pliocene . With a length of 1.6 metres 5 ft 4 in , Kvabebihyrax was much larger than modern hyraxes. Its robust body and eyes placed high on the skull gave it a hippopotamus like appearance. It also had large incisors in both jaw s ref cite book editor Palmer, D. year 1999 title The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals publisher Marshall Editions location London isbn 1 84028 152 9 page 237 ref . The only known species is Kvabebihyrax kachethicus . References reflist Category Prehistoric hyraxes Category Hyraxes Category Pliocene mammals Category Pliocene extinctions paleo mammal stub portal Paleontology it Kvabebihyrax kachethicus la Kvabebihyrax mt Kvabebihyrax pl Kvabebihyrax ... more details
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- Libralces
Unreferenced date December 2006 italic title Taxobox name Libralces fossil range Fossilrange 5.330 0.781 small Pliocene small image Libracles gallicus.JPG image caption Libralces gallicus image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Cervidae subfamilia Odocoilinae genus extinction Libralces subdivision ranks species subdivision L. gallicus L. latifrons L. reynoldsi Image Partial skull of Libralces latifrons.JPG thumb left Partial skull of Libralces latifrons Libralces was a genus of Eurasian deer that lived during the Pliocene period. The genus main claim to fame are their 2 meter wide antlers, comparable in size with those of Megaloceros . According to Jordi Agustin , Libracles was the ancestor of Megaloceros , though, most other authorities regard it as a relative of moose, Alces . Fossils of Libralces have been found from France to Tajikistan with best known the French L. gallicus . Category Prehistoric deer Category Pliocene mammals Category Pliocene extinctions Paleo eventoedungulate stub pl Libralces ... more details
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- Nandayus vorohuensis
orphan date October 2009 Nandayus vorohuensis is a prehistoric relative described from Late Pliocene fossils found in Argentina . The living representative in the genus Nandayus is the monotypic species Black hooded Parakeet . See also Nanday Parakeet Category Nandayus Parrot stub ... more details
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- Eumegamys
Taxobox name Eumegamys fossil range Late Miocene Pliocene image image width image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia Dinomyidae subfamilia Eumegamyinae genus Eumegamys genus authority Kralievich, 1926 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Eumegamys is an extinct genus of Dinomyidae dinomyid rodent from the late Miocene and Pliocene of South America . Sources McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0 231 11013 8 Category Hystricognath rodents Category Prehistoric pacaranas Category Miocene mammals Category Pliocene mammals Category Pliocene extinctions Category Prehistoric mammals of South America Category Megafauna of South America paleo rodent stub hu Eumegamys ... more details
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- Parapontoporia
Orphan date May 2010 Taxobox fossil range Fossil range Late Miocene Pliocene regnum Animalia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia subclassis Eutheria ordo Cetacea subordo Odontoceti superfamilia Platanistoidea familia Lipotidae genus Parapontoporia binomial authority Barnes 1984 subdivision ranks species subdivision P. pacifica P. sternbergi P. wilsoni Parapontoporia is an extinct genus of dolphin that lived off the California n coast from the Late Miocene until the genus extinction during the Pliocene . ref TPBDB http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action checkTaxonInfo&taxon no 36795&is real user 1 The Paleobiology Database ref References Reflist http www.sdnhm.org exhibits mystery fg dolphin.html SDNHM Fossil Mysteries Field Guide Long snouted Dolphin Portal Palaeontology Category Prehistoric toothed whales Category Miocene mammals Category Pliocene mammals Category Pliocene extinctions Category Dolphins paleo whale stub ... more details
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- M. andrewsi
M. andrewsi may refer to Metridiochoerus andrewsi , an extinct pig species indigenous to the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Africa Moeritherium andrewsi , an extinct mammal species that lived during the Eocene epoch See also Andrewsi disambiguation Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
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- M. compactus
M. compactus may refer to Metridiochoerus compactus , an extinct pig species indigenous to the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Africa Molophilus compactus , a crane fly species in the genus Molophilus See also Compactus Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
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