orphan date December 2007 Computed Corpuscle Sectioning is a general method for determining the volume, profile area, and perimeter of a slab section of any computer modeled three dimensional object in any orientation and at any position. It was originally developed as a model of cell nuclei in a tissue section in conjunction with the Reference Curve Method for correcting ploidy measurements by image analysis in a tissue section, but it is useful for evaluating any algorithm that corrects ploidy measurements for the effect of sectioning. Computed Corpuscle Sectioning has obvious pertinence to stereology , but has not been exploited in that field. The patents on this method U.S. Patent numbers 5,918,038, 6,035,258, and 6,603,869 are no longer in force. References Freed JA. Possibility of correcting image cytometric DNA ploidy measurements in tissue sections Insights from computed corpuscle sectioning and the reference curve method. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol 19 5 376 386, 1997. http www.aqch.com toc auto abstract.php?id 3135 Freed JA. Improved correction of quantitative nuclear DNA ploidy measurements in tissue sections. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol 21 2 103 112, 1999. http www.aqch.com toc auto abstract.php?id 11847 Freed JA. Conceptual comparison of two computer models of corpuscle sectioning and of two algorithms for correction of ploidy measurements in tissue sections. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol 22 1 17 25, 2000. http www.aqch.com toc auto abstract.php?id 14161 A general method for determining the volume and profile area of a sectioned corpuscle , U.S. Pat. No. 5,918,038 issued 6 29 99 to Jeffrey A. Freed. http www.google.com patents?q 5918038 Method for correction of quantitative DNA measurements in a tissue section , U.S. Pat. No. 6,035,258 issued 3 7 00 to Jeffrey A. Freed. http www.google.com patents?q 6035258 Use of perimeter measurements to improve ploidy measurements in a tissue section , U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,869 issued 8 5 03 to Jeffrey A. Freed. http www.googl ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Wasmannia image Wasmannia auropunctata casent0005064 profile 1.jpg image caption Wasmannia auropunctata image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hymenoptera familia Formicidae subfamilia Myrmicinae genus Wasmannia genus authority Auguste Henri Forel Forel , 1893 Wasmannia is a genus of ant s that are Eusociality social , native to Tropics tropical habitat s, and Ploidy haplodiploid , with the reproductive caste s Queen insect queens and Ant drone s Ploidy haploid , and the worker caste Ploidy diploid . Wasmannia auropunctata is known as the electric ant ref name QldDPI01 http www.dpi.qld.gov.au cps rde dpi hs.xsl 4790 6453 ENA HTML.htm Electric ant Wasmannia auropunctata webpage Accessed 7 March 2009 ref or little fire ant and are considered by many countries to be a destructive, highly invasive species . ref http www.issg.org database species search.asp?st 100ss&fr 1&str Global Invasive Species Database No. 100 Wasmannia auropunctata ref ref cite web author Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, De Poorter M title 100 of the World s Worst Invasive Alien Species A Selection from the Global Invasive Species Database work Invasive Species Specialist Group publisher World Conservation Union IUCN year 2004 url http www.issg.org booklet.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF accessdate 2006 08 21 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060813140124 http www.issg.org booklet.pdf Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2006 08 13 ref Species Electric ant Wasmannia auropunctata References reflist External links Commonscat Wasmannia http entomology.ifas.ufl.edu creatures urban ants little fire ant.htm little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata on the University of Florida UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS Featured Creatures Web site Category Myrmicinae Category Invasive animal species ant stub es Wasmannia fr Wasmannia pt Wasmannia ru Wasmannia vi Wasmannia ... more details
Polysomy is a condition in which an otherwise Ploidy Diploid diploid organism has at least one more chromosome than normal, i.e. the number of a particular chromosome is not diploid ref cite book author Rieger, R. Michaelis, A. Green, M.M. year 1968 title A glossary of genetics and cytogenetics Classical and molecular publisher Springer Verlag location New York ref there may be three or more copies of the chromosome rather than the expected two copies. Polysomy is usually caused by non disjunction the failure of a pair of homologous chromosome s to separate during meiosis , but may also be due to a translocation mutation . Down syndrome in humans is an example of polysomy where affected individuals possess three copies Trisomy Trisomy trisomy of Chromosome 21 human chromosome 21 . References reflist Category Chromosomal abnormalities de Polysomie pl Polisomia ... more details
2N or 2 N may refer to 2N or 2 N, the 2nd parallel north latitude MI 2N , a type of electric multiple unit running on the French RER rail network JEDEC Powers of 2 2 sup n sup In genetics, 2n x refers to a ploidy diploid chromosome number of x NJ 2 N, see New Jersey Route 17 MI 2N series double decker train, see RER A See also N2 disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. Letter NumberCombDisambig ... more details
italic title taxobox image Solidago altissima2.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots ordo Asterales familia Asteraceae genus Goldenrod Solidago species S. altissima binomial Solidago altissima binomial authority L. Solidago altissima , late goldenrod , ref name fna is a species of goldenrod native to much of North America. ref name fna citation contribution url http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 242414377 contribution 57. Solidago altissima Linnaeus title Flora of North America ref It is common in much of its range, and fairly tolerant of landscapes which have been disturbed by humans. ref name halverson citation doi 10.3732 ajb.95.1.50 journal American Journal of Botany year 2008 volume 95 issue 1 pages 50 58 title Origins, distribution, and local co occurrence of polyploid cytotypes in Solidago altissima Asteraceae author Kristy Halverson, Stephen B. Heard, John D. Nason and John O. Stireman, III ref It has been introduced to many parts of the world. ref name fna Description S. altissima is one to two meters tall, with fine hairs on the stem. The leaves are located along the stem, not in a rosette botany rosette near the ground. ref name fna S. altissima is self incompatible . ref name halverson Classification S. altissima has ploidy diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid populations and morphological variations which has generally led to classifying it into two subspecies, which roughly speaking can be identified as being from the eastern and western parts of the continent. At least in the midwest, it is common to have plants of different ploidy interspersed, with little apparent tendency for one type to dominate even a fairly local geographical area. ref name halverson Within Solidago , S. altissima is part of the Solidago canadensis species complex, which is classified in the section biology subsection Triplinervae. ref name halverson S. altissima has sometimes been classified as part of S. canadensis . ref ... more details
A megaspore mother cell , or megasporocyte, is a Ploidy diploid cell in plants in which meiosis will occur, resulting in the production of four megaspore s. ref Solomon, Eldra P., 2005, Biology , Thomson, Brooks Cole, United States ref In angiosperms or flowering plants, the megasporocyte produces a megaspore that develops into an embryo sac through two distinct processes megasporogenesis formation of the megaspore in the nucellus , or megasporangium , and megagametogenesis development of the megaspore into the embryo sac , or megagametophyte . ref name Raven Raven, Peter H., 2005, Biology of Plants , W.H. Freeman and Company Publishers, United States ref Generally, within each sporangium , meiosis of a megaspore mother cell produces four Diploidy Haploid and monoploid haploid megaspores. ref name Raven In gymnosperms and angiosperms, only one of these four megaspores is functional at maturity, and the other three soon degenerate. The megaspore that remains divides Mitosis mitotically and develops into the female gametophyte megagametophyte which eventually produces one or more Egg biology eggs . ref name Raven References references Category Plant cells ... more details
Homologous chromosomes also called homologs or homologues are chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding Locus genetics loci . One Homology biology homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism s mother the other from the organism s father. ref name Campbell cite book author Reece, Jane Campbell, Neil title Biology publisher Benjamin Cummings location San Francisco year 2002 isbn 0 8053 6624 5 ref They are usually not identical. Homologous chromosomes pair synapsis synapse during meiosis the cell division that occurs as part of the creation of gamete s. Sections of the DNA can sometimes Chromosomal crossover cross over between homologous pairs. Each chromosome in the pair contains genes for the same biological features, such as eye color, at the same locations locus genetics loci on the chromosome. However, each can contain either the same allele e.g., both alleles for blue eyes or different alleles e.g., one allele for blue eyes and one allele for brown eyes for each feature. Homologous chromosomes are usually similar in length, except for the sex chromosome s in several taxa , where the X chromosome is considerably larger than the Y chromosome . These sex chromosomes share only small regions of homology biology homology . Humans have 22 pairs of homologous non sex chromosomes called autosomes , and one pair of sex chromosome s, making a total of 46 chromosomes in a genetically normal human. Each member of a pair is inherited from one of the two parents. In addition to the 22 pairs of homologous autosomes, female humans have a homologous pair of sex chromosomes X chromosome two Xs , while males have an X chromosome X and a Y chromosome . Ploidy The ploidy of an organism is the number of homologous versions it has of each chromosome. If the chromosomes of an organism were separated into sets of completely non homolougous chromosomes, the ploidy would be ... more details
Image Gray8.png thumb 400px The process of fertilization in the ovum of a mouse. A pronucleus plural pronuclei is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during the process of fertilization , after the sperm enters the ovum, but before they fuse. Sperm and egg cells are Ploidy haploid , meaning they carry half the number of chromosome s. When the pronucleus of a sperm fuses with the pronucleus of an egg, their chromosomes combine and become part of a single diploid nucleus in the resulting embryo , containing a full set of chromosomes. The appearance of two pronuclei is the first sign of successful fertilization as observed during in vitro fertilisation , and is usually observed 18 hours after insemination or ICSI. The zygote is then termed a two pronuclear zygote 2PN . Two pronuclear zygotes transitioning through 1PN or 3PN states tend to develop into poorer quality embryos than ones who remain 2PN throughout development, ref cite journal author Reichman DE, Jackson KV, Racowsky C title Incidence and development of zygotes exhibiting abnormal pronuclear disposition after identification of two pronuclei at the fertilization check journal Fertil. Steril. volume 94 issue 3 pages 965 970 year 2009 month May pmid 19476942 doi 10.1016 j.fertnstert.2009.04.018 url ref and may be significant in embryo selection in in vitro fertilization IVF . References reflist External links wiktionary pronucleus Cell biology stub Category Genetics es Pron cleo io Pronukleo pl Przedj drze ru ... more details
A polyploid complex is a group of interrelated and interbreeding plants that also have differing levels of ploidy that can allow genetic exchange s between unrelated species. The polyploid complex was first described by E. B. Babcock and G. Ledyard Stebbins in their 1938 monograph The American Species of Crepis their interrelationships and distribution as affected by polyploidy and apomixis . In Crepis and some other herbaceous perennial species, a polyploid complex may arise where there are at least 2 genetically isolated diploid populations, in addition to auto and allopolyploid derivatives that coexist and interbreed Hybrid biology hybridise . Thus a complex network of interrelated forms may exist where the polyploid forms allow for genetic exchange between the diploid species that are otherwise unable to breed. ref Stebbins, G. L., Jr. 1940. The significance of polyploidy in plant evolution. The American Naturalist 74 54 66 ref A polyploid complex has also been well described in Glycine plant Glycine . ref Doyle, J. J. 1999. Origins, colonization, and lineage recombination in a widespread perennial soybean polyploid complex. PNAS 96 10741 10745 ref This complex situation does not fit well within the biological species concept of Ernst Mayr which defines a species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups . References references Category Genetics Category Evolutionary biology es Complejo poliploide hu Poliploid komplex ... more details
speciesbox name Spix s Yellow toothed Cavy status LC status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Catzeflis, F., Patton, J., Percequillo, A., Bonvicino, C. & Weksler, M. year 2008 id 8825 title Galea spixii downloaded 5 January 2009 ref taxon Galea spixii authority Wagler et al., 1831 Spix s Yellow toothed Cavy , Galea spixii , is a cavy species from South America . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13400197 page 1554 ref It is found in Bolivia east of the Andes and much of south central to northeastern Brazil . ref name iucn The species is found in open savanna and semiarid habitats, such as the Cerrado and Caatinga . ref name iucn It s karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 64 and Karyotype Fundamental number FN 118. ref name MSW3 References reflist http www.natureserve.org infonatura Infonatura Portuguese http globorural.globo.com barra.asp?d edic 168 fichabicho1.htm Globo Rural Caviidae nav Category Cavies Category Mammals of Bolivia Category Mammals of Brazil rodent stub es Galea spixii eu Galea spixii pt Galea spixii sr Galea spixii uk Galea spixii ... more details
Taxobox name Large Vesper Mouse status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Dunnum, J., Vargas, J., Bernal, N., D Elia, G., Pardinas, U. & Teta., P. year 2008 id 3611 title Calomys callosus downloaded 31 March 2009 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae genus Calomys species C. callosus binomial Calomys callosus binomial authority Rengger , 1830 The Large Vesper Mouse , Calomys callosus , is a South America n rodent species of the family Cricetidae . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13000616 pages 1106 1107 ref It is found in Argentina , Bolivia , Brazil and Paraguay . Its karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 50 and Karyotype Fundamental number FN 66. It was formerly synonymized with Calomys expulsus C. expulsus , but the latter has 2n 66 and FN 68. ref name MSW3 It is particularly notable as the Vector epidemiology vector of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever . References reflist http www.natureserve.org infonatura Infonatura Calomys stub Category Phyllotini Category Mammals of South America es Calomys callosus eu Calomys callosus sr Calomys callosus ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Pittier s crab eating rat status VU status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2011.1 assessors Aguilera, M. & Ochoa, J. year 2008 id 10762 title Ichthyomys pittieri downloaded 29 October 2011 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae genus Ichthyomys species I. pittieri binomial Ichthyomys pittieri binomial authority Handley & Mondolfi, 1963 synonyms Pittier s crab eating rat Ichthyomys pittieri is a species of semiaquatic rodent in the family Cricetidae . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13000671 page 1120 ref It is endemic to Venezuela . The natural habitat s of this species are river s and swamp s. Its karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 92 and Karyotype Fundamental number FN a 98. This is notable for being the highest chromosome number known for a mammal. ref Cite doi 10.1159 000132683 ref References reflist Category Ichthyomyini Category Mammals of Venezuela Sigmodontinae stub es Ichthyomys pittieri eu Ichthyomys pittieri sr Ichthyomys pittieri ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . speciesbox name Common yellow toothed cavy image status LC status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Dunnum, J., Pardina, U., Zeballos, H. & Ojeda, R. year 2008 id 8824 title Galea musteloides downloaded 5 January 2009 ref taxon Galea musteloides authority Franz Meyen Meyen , 1832 synonyms The common yellow toothed cavy Galea musteloides is a species of rodent in the family Caviidae . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13400191 page 1554 ref It is found in Argentina , Bolivia , Chile , and Peru . It s karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 68 and Karyotype Fundamental number FN 136. ref name MSW3 References reflist Caviidae nav Category Cavies Category Mammals of the Andes Category Mammals of Patagonia Category Mammals of Argentina Category Mammals of Bolivia Category Mammals of Chile Category Mammals of Peru Category Mammals of Uruguay rodent stub es Galea musteloides eu Galea musteloides pt Galea musteloides sr Galea musteloides uk Galea musteloides ... more details
Mark Wayne Chase born 1951 is a US born British botanist. He is noted for work in plant classification and evolution, and one of the instigators of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for flowering plants which is partly based on DNA studies. In particular he has researched orchid s, and currently investigates ploidy and hybridization in Nicotiana . In 1998 he shared the Linnean Medal with Colin Patterson biologist Colin Patterson . In 2008 he was one of thirteen recipients of the Darwin Wallace Medal , which is given every 50 years by the Linnean Society of London . Chase currently holds the position of keeper of the Jodrell Laboratory at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , and is a fellow of the Royal Society . ref http www.kew.org press newkeeper.html Royal Garden s Kew site ref botanist M.W.Chase Chase, Mark Wayne References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Chase, Mark ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1951 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Chase, Mark Category 1951 births Category Living people Category British botanists Category Fellows of the Royal Society Category Botanists active in Kew Gardens UK scientist stub ca Mark Wayne Chase es Mark Wayne Chase fr Mark Wayne Chase it Mark Wayne Chase nl Mark Chase pt Mark Wayne Chase ru , ... more details
Taxobox name Black spined Atlantic tree rat status LC status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Leite, Y. & Patterson, B. year 2008 id 6984 title Phyllomys nigrispinus downloaded 6 January 2009 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia Echimyidae genus Phyllomys species P. nigrispinus binomial Phyllomys nigrispinus binomial authority Johann Andreas Wagner Wagner , 1842 The black spined Atlantic tree rat , Phyllomys nigrispinus , is a South America n spiny rat species in the Family biology family Echimyidae . It is found in southeastern Brazil , where it inhabits Atlantic moist forests moist broadleaf forest and Atlantic semi deciduous forests semideciduous forest in the Atlantic Forest region. ref name iucn It is arboreal locomotion arboreal and is believed to build nests of leaves in trees. ref name iucn Its karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 52. ref name MSW3 MSW3 Hystricognathi id 13400456 page 1581 ref References reflist http www.natureserve.org infonatura Infonatura Echimyidae nav Use dmy dates date November 2010 DEFAULTSORT Black Spined Atlantic Tree Rat Category Spiny rats Category Mammals of Brazil Category Echimys Echimyidae stub pt Phyllomys nigrispinus sr Phyllomys nigrispinus uk Phyllomys nigrispinus ... more details
Taxobox name Atlantic Forest climbing mouse status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2009.1 assessors Patton, J., Catzeflis, F., Weksler, M. & Percequillo, A. year 2008 id 19612 title Rhipidomys mastacalis downloaded 14 June 2009 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae genus Rhipidomys species R. mastacalis binomial Rhipidomys mastacalis species authority Peter Wilhelm Lund Lund , 1841 The Atlantic Forest climbing mouse Rhipidomys mastacalis is an Arboreal locomotion arboreal rodent species in the family Cricetidae from South America . It is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil at elevations from sea level to 1500 m. ref name iucn Its karyotype is Ploidy Diploid 2n 44, karyotype Fundamental number FN 74 80. ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13000894 ref It is sometimes also referred to as the long tailed climbing mouse . Rhipidomys macrurus is similarly sometimes commonly known as the long tailed rhipidomys , while rodents of genus Vandeleuria are also commonly known as long tailed climbing mice. References reflist http www.natureserve.org infonatura Infonatura Category Mammals of Brazil Category Thomasomyini Rhipidomys stub eu Rhipidomys mastacalis pl Rhipidomys mastacalis ... more details
Taxobox name Caatinga vesper mouse status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2009.1 assessors Bonvicino, C. & Geise, L. year 2008 id 136689 title Calomys expulsus downloaded 19 June 2009 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae genus Calomys species C. expulsus binomial Calomys expulsus species authority Peter Wilhelm Lund Lund , 1841 The caatinga vesper mouse , Calomys expulsus , is a rodent species in the family Cricetidae from South America . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13000617 page 1107 ref It is endemic to eastern Brazil , where it is found in open savanna cerrado and thorny scrub caatinga habitats. ref name iucn Its karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 66 and Karyotype Fundamental number FN 68. It was formerly synonymized with Calomys callosus C. callosus , but the latter has 2n 50 and FN 66. ref name MSW3 References reflist http www.natureserve.org infonatura Infonatura Category Mammals of Brazil Category Phyllotini Category Endemic fauna of Brazil Calomys stub eu Calomys expulsus ... more details
Taxobox name Montane Atlantic Forest rat status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2009.1 assessors Geise, L., Percequillo, A. & Bergallo, H. year 2008 id 136338 title Delomys collinus downloaded 27 June 2009 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae genus Delomys species D. collinus binomial Delomys collinus species authority Oldfield Thomas Thomas , 1917 The montane Atlantic Forest rat Delomys collinus is a South America n rodent species of the family Cricetidae . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Muroidea id 13000638 page 1112 ref It is endemic to part of the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil , where it is found at elevations from 1000 to 2700 m. ref name iucn Its karyotype , like that of closely related Delomys dorsalis , has Ploidy Diploid 2n 82, but the Karyotype Fundamental number fundamental number s of the two species differ. ref name MSW3 References reflist http www.natureserve.org infonatura Infonatura Category Sigmodontinae Category Mammals of Brazil Category Endemic fauna of Brazil Cricetidae stub eu Delomys collinus ... more details
Taxobox name Santa Marta porcupine status DD status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Tirira, D., Boada, C., Weksler, M., Anderson, R.P. & G mez Laverde, M. year 2008 id 136300 title Coendou sanctamartae downloaded 20 August 2009 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia New World porcupine Erethizontidae genus Prehensile tailed porcupine Coendou species C. sanctamartae binomial Coendou sanctamartae binomial authority Joel Asaph Allen Allen , 1904 synonyms subdivision ranks subdivision The Santa Marta porcupine Coendou sanctamartae is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae . It is known from Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests dry forest s on the lower slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Serran a del Perij mountains of northern Colombia , at altitudes below 500 and 1100 m, respectively, and intervening lowlands, and may also be present in nearby parts of Venezuela . ref name iucn It has sometimes been described as a subspecies of Coendou prehensilis C. prehensilis . ref name MSW3 MSW3 Hystricognathi id 13400103 page 1547 ref Its karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 74 , karyotype Fundamental number FN 82. ref name iucn References reflist rodent stub Erethizontidae nav Category Coendou Category Mammals of Colombia uk Coendou sanctamartae ... more details
Taxobox name Valais Shrew image status DD status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2010.1 assessors Hutterer, R., Amori, G. & Kry tufek, B. year 2008 id 136814 title Sorex antinorii downloaded 21 June 2010 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Soricidae genus Sorex species S. antinorii binomial Sorex antinorii binomial authority Charles Lucien Bonaparte Bonaparte , 1840 synonyms range map Valais Shrew area.png range map caption Valais Shrew range The Valais Shrew Sorex antinorii is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae . ref name msw3 MSW3 Soricomorpha id 13700458 page 283 ref It is found in all of Italy except southern Apulia , in southeastern France , and in southern Switzerland . It s karyotype has Ploidy Diploid 2n 24 25 and Karyotype Fundamental number FN 40. Until 2002, it was viewed as a chromosomal race of the wide ranging and karyotypically Polymorphism biology polymorphic species Sorex araneus S. araneus . ref name iucn References reflist Soricomorpha S2. Category Sorex redtoothed shrew stub br Minoc h Valais ca Sorex antinorii eu Sorex antinorii fr Musaraigne du Valais ... more details
saved book title Basics of Genetics subtitle University level genetics cover image cover color cream Basics of Genetics University level genetics Basics of genetics Introduction to genetics Gene Allele Chromosome Autosome Ploidy Zygosity Phenotype Genotype Meiosis Mendelian inheritance Punnett square Dominance genetics Dominance Codominance Genetics in Depth Chromosomal crossover Genetic recombination Recombinant DNA Single nucleotide polymorphism Epigenetics Aneuploidy Genetic linkage Polymorphism biology Polymorphism Sex linkage X chromosome Y chromosome Mosaic genetics Mosaic SRY Barr body Sex linkage Dosage compensation Genetic disorders Phenylketonuria Trisomy Chromosome abnormality Chromosomal translocation X inactivation Genetic disorder Fragile X syndrome Chimera genetics Chimerism Turner syndrome Down syndrome Edwards syndrome Patau syndrome Cat eye syndrome Cri du chat Klinefelter s syndrome Androgen insensitivity syndrome XX male syndrome XY gonadal dysgenesis Tay Sachs disease Interesting Information CSI effect ABO blood group system Hh antigen system Category Wikipedia books on biology University Genetics ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Solanales familia Solanaceae genus Solanum species S. brevicaule binomial Solanum brevicaule binomial authority Friedrich August Georg Bitter Bitter , 1912 Solanum brevicaule is a tuber ous perennial plant perennial of the Solanaceae family. The species is native to South America Argentina , Bolivia , and Peru . It is related to the potato , but unlike the potato which is tetraploid, it has several levels of ploidy diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid. This species gives its name to the Solanum brevicaule complex which includes about twenty species of morphologically close wild potato species distributed between central Peru and northern Argentina, and are considered by some taxonomists to be the ancestors of the traditional varieties of potatoes grown in the Andean regions. ref cite web author David Spooner title Roadmaps to the origins of potato work International Year of the Potato 2008 url http www.potato2008.org en perspectives spooner.html accessdate 24 October 2011 ref References references GRIN name Solanum brevicaule Friedrich August Georg Bitter Bitter id 100857 NCBI 205532 Solanum brevicaule http www.nhm.ac.uk research curation research projects solanaceaesource taxonomy description detail.jsp?spnumber 1406 Solanum brevicaule Bitter Category Edible Solanaceae Category Solanum cajanumense Solanales stub es Solanum brevicaule fr Solanum brevicaule ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Buddleja davidii Courtabud tdes Operette caps Infobox Cultivar name Buddleja davidii cultivar Courtabud tdes Operette caps origin INRA, Nancy, France image image caption synonyms Buddleja davidii Courtabud selling name tdes Operette caps is a French cultivar , raised by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique at Nancy, France Nancy . The cultivar was cloned from a colchicine induced ploidy tetraploid seedling of Buddleja davidii Opera Opera . ref name Hatch Hatch, L. 2007 . Cultivars of Woody Plants . Vol. 1. A G. T C R Press, 2007. ISBN 0 9714465 9 8 ref Description tdes Operette caps makes a small, compact shrub, approximately one third the size of its parent Opera , but retaining the latter s large violet lilac panicle s, complemented by dark green foliage. ref name Hatch Cultivation tdes Operette caps is cultivated in Europe, including the UK, but is not known to have been introduced to the USA. A specimen is grown as part of the NCCPG national collection held by Longstock Park Nursery in England. ref name Moore Moore, P. 2012 Buddleja davidii cultivars, 2011 2012, Longstock Park Nursery . Longstock Park Nursery. ref References reflist Category Buddleja hybrids and cultivars horticulture stub ... more details
One source date August 2009 DISPLAYTITLE G sub 1 sub phase The G sub 1 sub phase Gap 1 phase or post mitotic phase is a period in the cell cycle during interphase , before the S phase . For many cells, this phase is the major period of cell growth during its lifespan. During this stage new organelle s are being synthesized, so the cell requires both Protein Structural proteins structural proteins and enzyme s, resulting in a great amount of Protein biosynthesis protein synthesis and a high rate of metabolism in the cell. G sub 1 sub consists of four subphases Competence g1a Entry g1b Progression g1c Assembly g1d These subphases may be affected by limiting growth factor s, nutrient supply, temperature, and additional inhibiting factors. A rapidly dividing human cell which divides every 24 hours spends 9 hours in G sub 1 sub phase. ref name Lodish cite book author Lodish et al. title Molecular Cell Biology publisher W.H. Freeman and Co. edition 4th year 2000 ref A cell may pause in the G sub 1 sub phase before entering the S phase and enter a state of dormancy called the G0 phase G sub 0 sub phase . Most mammal ian cells do this. In order to divide, the cell re enters the cycle in S phase. ref name Lodish Status of the genome The DNA in a G sub 1 sub Ploidy Diploid diploid Eukaryote eukaryotic cell is 2n, meaning there are two sets of chromosome s present in the cell. The genetic material exists as chromatin and if it were coiled into chromosomes there would be no sister chromatid s. Ploidy Haploid and monoploid Haploid organisms such as some yeast s will be 1n and thus have only one copy of each chromosome present. Restriction point There is a restriction point present at the end of G sub 1 sub phase. This point is a series of safeguards to ensure the DNA is intact and that the cell is functioning normally. Functionally, the safeguards exist as proteins known as cyclin dependent kinase s CDK . The G sub 1 sub CDK proteins activate the transcription factor s for a var ... more details
Image Chromosome.svg thumb Chromosome Chromosomal components br BR 1 Chromatid BR 2 Centromere BR 3 Short arm BR 4 Long arm A chromatid is one of the two copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome , which are joined at their centromere s, for the process of cell division mitosis or meiosis . They are normally identical homozygous but may have slight differences in the case of mutations, in which case they are Zygosity heterozygous . They are called sister chromatids so long as they are joined by the centromeres. When they separate during anaphase of mitosis and anaphase 2 of meiosis , the strands are called daughter chromosomes. In other words, a chromatid is one half of two normally identical copies of a replicated chromosome . ref http biology.about.com library glossary bldefchromatid.htm Chromatid A Cell Biology Definition Bot generated title ref The two copies may have slight differences due to mutations. A chromatid is simply a copied chromosome which is paired with a normally identical chromosome at the centromere. It should not be confused with the ploidy of an organism, which is the number of Homologous chromosome homologous versions of a chromosome. Dyad A bivalent is a pair of sister chromatids. This occurs in prophase I of meiosis . After DNA replication , the two sister chromatids align side by side and appear to have an undivided centromere , in contrast to mitosis , in which each chromatid appears to have its own separate centromere. The term bivalent can also be used to describe protein morphology. ref http dictionary.reference.com browse dyad dyad 4 dictionary results ref References references Chromo wiktionary chromatid Category Chromosomes Category Molecular genetics Category Cell biology Category Mitosis ca Crom tide cs Chromatida da Kromatid de Chromatid es Crom tida eu Kromatida fa fr Chromatide gl Crom tida ko it Cromatidio he kk ku Kromat d nl Chromatide ja oc Cromatida pl Chromatyda pt Cromat dio ru ... more details
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