Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Podoviridae subdivision ranks Sub families subdivision Autographivirinae Picovirinae The Podoviridae are a family of bacteriophage s. Unlike the other families of tailed viruses this family has short tails that are noncontractile. There are at least 74 species in this family. Virology The viron is nonenveloped with a head tail structure. There are 9 structural proteins. The head is 60 nanometers nm in diameter, consists of 72 capsomers and is icosahedral with a T 7 symmetry. The head protein has a molecular mass of 38 kiloDaltons and is present in 460 copies per virion. The tail is non contractile and has 6 short subterminal fibers. It is thick and rod shaped and built of stacked disks. The maximum length is 17 nm. The double stranded DNA genome is linear 40 42 kilobases in length and encodes 55 genes. The guanine cytosine content is 50 . It has terminally redundant sequences and is nonpermuted. By weight, the genome constitutes 50 of the viron. The genome encodes 9 structural proteins, an adenylated transferase B type DNA polymerase and an RNA polymerase. Three internal proteins constitute the polymerase complex. Two classes of genes are recognized early and late . This classification is based on the timing of transcription that is temporally regulated. Genes with related functions are clustered together. Genome replication is bidirectional. In general, these viruses tend to be lytic rather than lysogenic. Life cycle Phages are adsorbed using tail first to specific receptors located on the cell wall and then enter host cells after digestion of the cell wall with lysozyme . Virus uncoating occurs in the cytoplasm . The viral DNA remains linear. In latent infections the infecting genome integrates into the host genome. Genome replication occurs by a semi conservative mechanism. During replication the viral DNA forms concatamer ... classification Virus stub ar ca Podov rid de Podoviridae es Podoviridae it Podoviridae ... more details
Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Podoviridae subfamilia Picovirinae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Phi29 like viruses AHJD like viruses The Picovirinae are an established subfamily within the Podoviridae family of bacteriophage viruses. Virology Phages of this clade of virus typically have a relatively small dsDNA genome between 16 20 kbp hence the term pico virinae . They also use a typical protein primed DNA polymerase for replication, a property shared with the Tectiviridae family. Taxonomy Currently, this subfamily contains two genera the Phi29 like viruses and the AHJD like viruses , as well as unassigned species Actinomyces phage Av 1 and Streptococcus phage Cp 1. This subdivision is based on genome organization and resemblance at the proteome level. References cite journal title Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP based tools last Lavigne first R. last2 Seto first2 D. last3 Mahadevan first3 P. last4 Ackermann first4 H. W. last5 Kropinki first5 A. M. journal Research in Microbiology volume 159 issue 5 year 2008 pages 406 14 pmid 18555669 doi 10.1016 j.resmic.2008.03.005 Category Caudovirales virus stub ... more details
Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Podoviridae subfamila genera Bpp 1 like viruses subdivision ranks Species subdivision BIP 1 br Bordetella phage BPP 1 br BMP 1 br Burkholderia phage BcepC6B br The Bpp 1 like viruses are a genus within the Podoviridae family of bacteriophages. This genus of temperate phages is named after its first sequenced member Bordetella phage BPP 1 type species . It includes several Betaproteobacteria infecting phages like BMP 1, BIP 1 and Burkholderia phage BcepC6B. ref cite pmid 18555669 ref Virology The BPP 1 like viruses share several mainly morphogenesis related gene products with VP2 related and eta15 related phages. Their dsDNA genomes are in the range of 42kb and usually encodes about 50 proteins. The Bordetella phages of this genus contains an RNA directed DNA polymerase which plays a role in tropism. ref cite pmid 20160083 ref ref cite pmid 14973019 ref References reflist virus stub Category Bacteriophages ... more details
technical date January 2011 Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Podoviridae subfamilia Autographivirinae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision phiKMV like viruses br SP6 like viruses br T7 like viruses br Autographivirinae are a taxonomy subfamily of virus es within the Podoviridae family. History Since the 1990s, the term T7 supergroup has been coined for the expanding group of bacteriophage s related to coliphage T7, as members of the Podoviridae family. Enterobacteriaceae phages SP6 and K1 5 were the first to be considered as an estranged subgroup of the T7 like viruses . ref cite journal title Genomic analysis of bacteriophages SP6 and K1 5, an estranged subgroup of the T7 supergroup first Scholl last D. first2 Kieleczawa last2 J. last3 Kemp first3 P. last4 Rush first4 J. last5 Richardson first5 C. C. last6 Merril first6 C. last7 Adhya first7 S. last8 Molineux first8 I. J. journal Journal of Molecular Biology volume 335 issue 5 year 2004 pages 1151 71 pmid 14729334 ref Pseudomonas phage phiKMV also shared commonalities at the genome organizational level. As such, based on the available morphological and proteomic data, this clade of viruses was established as a subfamily of the Podoviridae family. The name of this subfamily, termed Autographivirinae , refers to the auto graphein or self transcribing phages which encode their own single subunit Ribonucleic acid RNA polymerase, a common characteristic among its members. Currently, the Autographivirinae are subdivided in three genera the T7 like viruses , the phiKMV like viruses and the SP6 like viruses . Unclassified members include cyanophages P60, syn5 and P SSP7. Other bacteriophages like Bacteriophage SIO1 and VpV262 are evolutionary related to the Autographivirinae , but do not contain a phage encoded RNA polymerase and show greater differences at the genome organization level. ref cite journal title Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP based ... more details
technical date January 2011 Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Podoviridae genus LUZ24 like viruses subdivision ranks Species subdivision Pseudomonas phage LUZ24 LUZ24 Pseudomonas phage PaP3 PaP3 LUZ24 like viruses are a genus of Podoviridae viruses. The currently recognised species within this genus are the Pseudomonas infecting viruses Pseudomonas phage LUZ24 LUZ24 and Pseudomonas phage PaP3 PaP3 . These viruses have diverged considerably from other phages whose genomes are known. ref cite journal title Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP based tools last Lavigne first R. last2 Seto first2 D. last3 Mahadevan first3 P. last4 Ackermann first4 H. W. last5 Kropinski first5 A.M. journal Research in Microbiology volume 159 issue 5 year 2008 pages 406 14 pmid 18555669 doi 10.1016 j.resmic.2008.03.005 ref ref cite journal author Ceyssens P. J. Lavigne, R. title Bacteriophages of Pseudomonas journal Future Microbiology volume 5 issue 7 pages 1041 55 year 2010 month July pmid 20632804 doi 10.2217 fmb.10.66 url ref Virology Their virion constitutes an icosahedral head 63 nm and a short tail 12x8 nm . Although these phages produce small and turbid plaques, all attempts to isolate stable lysogenic P. aeruginosa clones failed. In addition, their genome around 45kb does not encode obvious genes indicative of lysogeny. ref cite journal author Ceyssens, P. J. Hertveldt, K. Ackermann, H. ., et al. title The intron containing genome of the lytic Pseudomonas phage LUZ24 resembles the temperate phage PaP3 journal Virology journal Virology volume 377 issue 2 pages 233 8 year 2008 month August pmid 18519145 doi 10.1016 j.virol.2008.04.038 url ref References Reflist Category Caudovirales virus stub ... more details
notability date February 2011 technical date February 2011 The Epsilon like viruses are a genus within the Podoviridae , containing bacteriophages eta15 and phiV10. These phages are temperate and infect Salmonella and Escherichia coli respectively. Virology The virion heads are icosahedral, about 70 nanometer nm in diameter with a short tail of about 15 nm and tailspikes surrounding an external tail hub. The genomes of these phages are linear double stranded DNA 40kilobases , terminally redundant and circularly permuted. Transcriptional units separate the genome in an early and a late region, one on the negative strand regulation and recombination and the one on the positive strand packaging, morphogenesis, lysis and integration . ref cite pmid 18555669 ref References reflist Category Bacteriophages ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2011 Phieco32 like viruses are a genus within the Podoviridae family. This genus was established based on a combination of Morphology biology morphological features and genome organization. Virology The type species Enterobacteria phage Phieco32 Enterobacteria phage Phieco32 has a relatively rare morphology, a C3 morphotype, with an elongated head 145 x 44 nm and a short tail 13 nm with short kinked tail fibers. These Bacteriophage phages are temperate and are capable of Transduction genetics generalized transduction with Lysogenic cycle lysogenic conversion , and can have very high burst sizes. References Category Caudovirales Category Bacteriophages Virus stub ... more details
technical date January 2011 Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Podoviridae subfamilia Autographivirinae genus PhiKMV like viruses subdivision ranks Species subdivision Phage LKA1 br Phage LKD16 br Phage LUZ19 br Phage phiKMV br PhiKMV like viruses are a genus of Autographivirinae viruses. Bacteriophage phiKMV ref cite journal last1 Lavigne first1 Rob last2 Burkal tseva first2 Maria V. last3 Robben first3 Johan last4 Sykilinda first4 Nina N. last5 Kurochkina first5 Lidia P. last6 Grymonprez first6 Barbara last7 Jonckx first7 Bart last8 Krylov first8 Victor N. last9 Mesyanzhinov first9 Vadim V. title The genome of bacteriophage KMV, a T7 like virus infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa journal Virology volume 312 issue 1 pages 49 59 year 2003 pmid 12890620 doi 10.1016 S0042 6822 03 00123 5 ref and its relatives are known to be highly virulent phages, producing large Convert 3 15 mm abbr on diameter clear plaques upon plating on a susceptible host. ref cite journal last1 Ceyssens first1 P. J. last2 Lavigne first2 R. last3 Mattheus first3 W. last4 Chibeu first4 A. last5 Hertveldt first5 K. last6 Mast first6 J. last7 Robben first7 J. last8 Volckaert first8 G. title Genomic Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phages LKD16 and LKA1 Establishment of the KMV Subgroup within the T7 Supergroup journal Journal of Bacteriology volume 188 issue 19 pages 6924 31 year 2006 pmid 16980495 pmc 1595506 doi 10.1128 JB.00831 06 ref ref cite journal last1 Lammens first1 E. last2 Ceyssens first2 P. J. last3 Voet first3 M. last4 Hertveldt first4 K. last5 Lavigne first5 R. last6 Volckaert first6 G. title Representational Difference Analysis RDA of bacteriophage genomes journal Journal of Microbiological Methods volume 77 issue 2 pages 207 13 year 2009 pmid 19232531 doi 10.1016 j.mimet.2009.02.006 ... members of the Podoviridae , with a head diameter of approximately Convert 60 nm abbr on and a stubby ... taxonomic classification analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP based tools journal Research ... more details
technical date February 2011 The N4 like viruses are bacteriophage s within the Podoviridae family. ref cite pmid 18555669 ref Bacteriophage N4 is type species for this genus and was originally isolated from sewers in Genoa , Italy and is active against Escherichia coli K 12. Recently, a number of genomically related phages were isolated, infecting Silicibacter and Sulfitobacter DSS3 2 and EE36 1 ref cite pmid 19689706 ref as well as a number of Pseudomonas phages LUZ7, LIT1 and PEV2 ref cite pmid 20619867 . ref Virology The virus s Virion Structure virion have Icosahedron icosahedral heads 70 Nanometre nm and short tails 10 nm, and contain short fibers originating from the junction between the head and tail. All the phages of this genus are strictly virulent and contain a linear dsDNA genome with terminal repeats in the range of 70 75kb. Molecular biology A remarkable feature of this clade of phages is the use of three distinct RNA polymerase s during its infection cycle. A giant virion encapsulated RNAP polymerase which is co injected early transcription , a Protein dimer heterodimeric phage RNA polymerase middle region and the host RNA polymerase recognizes late promoters . ref cite pmid 18374942 ref References reflist Category Bacteriophages ... more details
have long tails that are contractile the Podoviridae have short noncontractile tails and the Siphoviridae .... Bradley referred to the what is now known as the Myoviridae as type A, Siphonviridae as type B, and the Podoviridae ... more details
29 Phi letter Phi 29 belongs to a family of related Bacteriophage s which includes, in addition to 29, phages PZA, 15, BS32, B103, M2Y M2 , Nf and GA 1. ref name McGrath cite book author Mc Grath S and van Sinderen D editors . title Bacteriophage Genetics and Molecular Biology edition 1st publisher Caister Academic Press year 2007 isbn 978 1 904455 14 1 ref These phages, which form part of the Podoviridae family , are the smallest Bacillus phages isolated to date and are among the smallest known dsDNA phages. Most of these phages infect Bacillus subtilis , but often they also infect other related species such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Bacillus pumilus , and Bacillus licheniformis . Phages of this genus have been sub classified into three groups based on serological properties, DNA physical maps, peptide maps and partial or complete DNA sequences . The first group includes phages 29, PZA, 15 and BS32, and the second group includes B103, Nf and M2Y. The most distantly related phage of this family, GA 1, is unable to infect the standard B. subtilis strain 168 and has been placed in a third group. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA of the host strain of GA 1, G1R, showed that it is most closely related to B. pumilus . Biology of 29 29 is a paradigm for the study of several molecular mechanisms of general biological processes, including DNA replication and regulation of Transcription genetics transcription . The genome of 29 consists of a linear double stranded ds DNA , which has a terminal protein covalently linked to its 5 ends. Initiation of DNA replication , carried out by a protein primed mechanism, has been studied in detail in vitro and is considered to be a model system that is also used by other linear genomes with a terminal protein linked to their DNA ends. Phage 29 has also been proven to be a versatile system to study in vitro transcription regulation in general and the switch from early to late phage transcription in particular. The detailed k ... more details
head and a short tail. ref name Casjens 2000 This virion morphology puts P22 in the formal Podoviridae ... and 34. ref name Casjens 2000 Many Podoviridae , for example phages T7 and 29, share few DNA similarities ... more details
Taxobox name Enterobacteria phage T7 virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Podoviridae genus T7 like viruses species T7 phage File T7 Phage.jpg Bacteriophage T7 is a bacteriophage capable of infecting susceptible bacteria l cells. It infects most strains of Escherichia coli including Escherichia coli O157 H7 E. coli O157 H7 , a strain of E. coli which can cause foodborne illness . Bacteriophage T7 is a DNA virus that has a lytic life cycle. The T7 bacteriophage has several properties that make it an ideal phage for experimentation. Discovery Bacteriophage T7 was identified in 1945 as a member of the seven Type T phages that grow lytically on Escherichia coli B ref name Demerec1945 Cite pmid 17247150 ref , although it is probably identical to phage , used earlier by Delbr ck. A close relative of T7 was likely studied by d Herelle in the 1920s ref name d Herelle1926 d Herelle, F. 1926 . The Bacteriophage and Its Behavior. Baltimore, MD Williams & Wilkins ref . Hosts T7 grows on rough strains of E. coli i.e. those without full length Lipopolysaccharide O antigen polysaccharide on their surface and some other enteric bacteria, but close relatives also infect smooth and even capsulated strains ref name Molineux2006 Molineux, I. J. 2006 . Chapter 20 The T7 group. In The Bacteriophages R. Calendar, ed. , pp. 277. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ref . Virion structure The virus has complex structural symmetry, with a capsid of the phage that is spherical with an inner diameter of 55 Nanometer nm and a tail 19 nm in diameter and 28.5 nm long attached to the capsid. Genome The genome of phage T7 ref cite web title Genome of bacteriophage T7 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov nuccore V01146.1 ref was among the first completely sequenced genomes and was published in 1983 ref cite web title Dunn,J.J. and Studier,F.W. 1983 Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage T7 DNA and the locations of T7 genetic elements. J. Mol. Biol. 166 4 , 477 535 url http www.sciencedirect.com ... more details
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