Infobox Identity document document name Polish passport image Polska ePaszport.jpg image caption The front cover of a contemporary Polish biometric passport date first issued January 1, 2006 using jurisdiction flag Poland document type Passport purpose Identification eligibility Polish nationality law Polish citizenship expiration 10 years after issuance Polish passports are issued to Polish citizens ... dependencies in Europe i.e., Gibraltar , Jersey , Isle of Man , Guernsey , Poland Polish citizens can use their national Polish National Identity Card ID card . Issuance and validity The passports ... that they have slightly different Visa requirements for Polish citizens visa restrictions for travel ... allows visa free access only for Polish citizens in possession of a biometric passport . Full Polish ... of Polish passports in use. One design contains biometric data and the inscription EUROPEAN UNION in Polish on the cover introduced in 2006 , and two without those features one with a red cover issued ... and written in Polish language Polish , English language English , and French language ... of the page with personal data which is only bilingual Polish and English . gallery Image Paszport1934.png 1934 Passport of the Second Polish Republic Image Wkladka.paszportowa.okladka.jpg People s Republic of Poland PRL internal passport valid for Eastern Bloc Image Polish passport cover ... Polish passport cover before 2001.jpg Passport cover prior to 2001 Image Paszport okladka.jpg Passport cover 2001 2006 Image Pl Passport new.jpg Passport cover 2007 non biometric Image Polish not biometric ... Polish passport newest design Image Polishdippassport.jpg Polish diplomatic passport gallery Physical appearance and data contained The Polish passports issued since 2006 are Burgundy color ... Polish white eagle is emblazoned in the centre of the cover, and below this the words lang pl PASZPORT , PASSPORT and PASSEPORT are to be found. The Polish passport has the standard biometric symbol ... more details
Merge from Polish Alliance date January 2012 Unreferenced date December 2009 Politics of Poland Porozumienie Polskie Polish Agreement is a small political group in Polish parliament, MPs elected from the Liga Polskich Rodzin electoral committee. Leaders Jan opusza ski politician Jan opusza ski Members of Polish Parliament Sejm MP, constituency Mariusz Grabowski , Tarn w Jan opusza ski politician Jan opusza ski , Radom Halina Nowina Konopka , Olsztyn Category Political parties in Poland poland party stub fr Alliance polonaise pl Porozumienie Polskie ... more details
Polish Extraleague may refer to Speedway Ekstraliga Basketball Dominet Bank Ekstraliga disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
orphan date October 2009 Infobox Pigeonbreed name Polish Helmet image Muffed helmet.jpg imagecaption Polish Helmet status Common altname country nickname augroup usgroup Fancy eegroup extinct crest feather note The Polish helmet or Kryska Polska ref http www.aviphilia.com index.php?id 121&L 1 Aviphilia Magazine Polish Helmet Bot generated title ref is a breed of fancy pigeon , specifically a type of Helmet pigeon Helmet pigeon , that has been developed over many years of selective breeding . It is distinctive on account of its Muffs large foot feathers , and is colored only on the top half of its head the helmet and on its tail. References reflist See also List of pigeon breeds Category Domesticated pigeon breeds Domesticated pigeon breed stub ... more details
Polish Thermopylae can refer to Battle of Zadw rze , 1920 Battle of Wizna , 1939 Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Refimprove date June 2009 Infobox Criminal organization name Polish Mob founding location Poland , United States years active 1920s present founded by Polish American immigrants territory New York , Philadelphia , Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland , New Jersey ethnic makeup Polish people Polish , Polish Jews , and Polish Americans as full members, others as associates membership est criminal activities Racketeering ... Mob , Russian Mafia Polish American organized crime has existed in the United States throughout the 20th ... American , or Irish Mob Irish mafias, the Polish mob has a presence in many urban Polish American communities. Prohibition era During Prohibition in the United States Prohibition , many Polish American ..., fighting Capone was the North Side Gang , which, while mostly Irish American , had a large Polish presence as well, with leaders Bugs Moran and Hymie Weiss both having a Polish heritage. Fred Goetz ... of the so called National Crime Syndicate and associate of Lucky Luciano , was actually a Polish Jew . Joseph Filkowski led a mostly Polish bootlegging ring in Cleveland, Ohio , along with gangster Joseph ... car robbery. Gangs The Kielbasa Posse The Philadelphia Polish Mob, known as the Kielbasa Posse, are a Polish American organized crime group operating from the Port Richmond, Philadelphia Port Richmond area in Philadelphia. Named after a type of Kielbasa Polish sausage , the gang is made up of Polish ... , Northeast Philly , Bucks County , and South Jersey , as well as second generation Polish Americans ... operations as well. They would meet several times a week at a local Polish bar and although they have ... Polish residents of the neighborhood choose to ignore the existence of the gang. ref citation url ... the indictment of twenty one members of the so called Greenpoint Crew, an infamous Polish criminal organization operating out of the heavily Polish neighborhood of Greenpoint, Brooklyn . Led by Ostap ... Kormey by Michael F. Rizzo ref Other Polish organized crime groups exist and have existed in New York ... more details
Cleanup date April 2009 Unreferenced date April 2009 Zwi zek M odzie y Chrze cija skiej Christian Young People Association also known as Polish YMCA is youth social organization, based on the international organizations that YMCA built. It encourages good conduct, charity and education, and activities based on Christian morals. People of both sexes can be members. Polish YMCA emerged in 1923 after it as American YMCA members they have left independent Poland with army of Polish General J zef Haller they arrived, after World War I . Interwar period there was time of activity of supply organization, growth of amount of members, as well as stockpiling of property solid headquarters of organization emerged in Krak w , d , Warsaw and Gdynia . Farthest development of ZMC it has been detained in time of World War II only. Then Polish YMCA focal points emerged on emigration for example, in London as well as at Polish squads military combat at flank other Allies . Category YMCA Category Youth organizations based in Poland Category Organizations established in 1923 poland stub pl YMCA Polska ... more details
selfref This article refers to a book. For the mathematical concept also called Polish logic, see Polish notation . Polish Logic is an anthology of papers by several authors, including Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz , published in 1967 and covering the period 1920&ndash 1939. The work focus on the contributions of Polish logician s, more particularly, mathematical logic ians, to modern logic . Library of Congress cataloging data LC Control No. 67106639 Type of Material Book Print, Microform, Electronic, etc. Personal Name McCall, Storrs, comp. Main Title Polish logic, 1920 1939 papers by Ajdukiewicz and others Published Created Oxford, Clarendon P., 1967. Description 2 viii, 406 p. 23 cm. Subjects Logic, Symbolic and mathematical Addresses, essays, lectures. LC Classification BC135 .M18 Category History of logic Category 1967 books Category Logic books mathematics lit stub ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name The Polish Ambassador image The Polish Ambassador 2131875.jpg thumb alt alt text Live Show 3 19 2010 Rickshaw Stop SF landscape yes caption Live Show 3 19 2010 Rickshaw Stop SF background group or band origin Oakland, CA genre Electronic music Electronic years active 2005 present website URL http thepolishambassador.com current members David Sugalski Orphan date September 2010 Image The Polish Ambassador 8242885.jpg thumb alt alt text Live Show 2 28 2010 Rotture Portland The Polish Ambassador , real name David Sugalski, is an American electronic musician and DJ from Oakland, California. ref name last.fm Cite web url http www.last.fm music The Polish Ambassador The Polish Ambassador title The Polish Ambassador author Last.fm ref ... on music full time. ref http glitchdrop.com future sex computers the polish ambassador ref Sugalski also performs as Ample Mammal, a musical side project of The Polish Ambassador. As The Polish Ambassador ... of the polish ref Sugalski regularly tours the United States performing solo and with other electronic ... in music the polish ambassador copy recess ref Sugalski is a multi genre musician, producing styles ... news nugs general music 866 the polish ambassadors 1320 records debut future sex computers ref Sugalski ... at every live performance. ref name charlestonscene.com The Polish Ambassador s latest album, Future ... Remixes & B Sides in September 2011. For most Polish Ambassador shows, Sugalski wears a neon colored ... ever since. ref http www.westcoastleak.com interviews the polish ambassador interview ref He uses Ableton ... P reviews.php Polish Ambassador ref I Found Him Now I Must Kill Him was released in 2008. First ... Polish Ambassador Official Website http amplemammal.net Ample Mammal Official Website http thepolishambassador.bandcamp.com Polish Ambassador Records http 1320records.com 1320 Records Official Website References references DEFAULTSORT Polish Ambassador Category American DJs US DJ ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 coi November 2008 refimprove November 2008 Polish Assistance , also known as Bratnia Pomoc , is a Foundation charity charitable foundation based in New York City . ref cite book title Polska Bratnia Pomoc last liz first Anna year 2001 publisher Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego isbn 9788388796173 ref It was created to provide financial aid to Poland Polish immigrants, especially the elderly. History Polish Assistance Bratnia Pomoc , founded in 1956, grants financial aid to Polish immigrants, especially the elderly. In its early stages the group sought to raise funds for Polish immigrants who arrived in the U.S. after World War II WWII in order to escape communism. . Most of those who were helped were ex military, former government officials, educators, writers and artists who found it difficult to adapt to their new circumstances in a foreign country. The nascent organization immediately began to raise funds under the leadership of its founders, Mr. and Mrs. Jan Dembinski. Initially the activity of Polish Assistance consisted of small grants and loans to individuals in need. Eventually, three boarding houses were purchased between 1973 and 1975 ... to a Polish foundation for the blind. Mission statement To provide financial assistance to needy persons of Polish origin to assist such needy persons in adapting themselves to new economic .... ref http www.polishassistance.org home.html Polish Assistance Inc. Retrieved on September 8, 2008. ref Present Activity Presently Polish Assistance is focused on the New York metropolitan area. Direct ... homes run by Polish nuns to whom individuals are referred to in need of their care. Polish Assistance ... by the Kosciuszko Foundation. Events One of the main fundraising events for the Polish Assistance ... pianist Arthur Rubinstein and his wife Nela, the first dance for the benefit of Polish Assistance ... of beauty as Helena Rubinstein. References Reflist External links http www.polishassistance.org The Polish ... more details
Expand Polish Polska Wikipedia date August 2011 Infobox website name Wiki favicon Polish Wikipedia logo Image Wikipedia logo v2 pl.png Logo of the Polish Wikipedia screenshot Image Polish Wikipedia Main Page 2007 04 24.png 280px Screenshot of the Main Page of the Polish Wikipedia on 24 April 2007. caption Screenshot of the Main Page of the Polish Wikipedia on 24 April 2007. url http pl.wikipedia.org ... Polish registration Optional owner Wikimedia Foundation author Polish Wikipedia lang pl polska Wikipedia is the Polish language Polish language edition of Wikipedia , a free online encyclopedia ... as the largest for a language spoken official language officially in just one country. The Polish ... domain squatting that could frustrate potential users, the Polish Wikipedia also has its own domain, wikipedia.pl , which redirects to pl.wikipedia.org . Polish Wikipedia has relatively low meta ... http meta.wikimedia.org wiki List of Wikipedias List of Wikipedias Meta ref As of November 2011, Polish ... of the 10th anniversary celebration of Polish Wikipedia. January 27, 2005 the founders of the Polish ... tsca.bot , one of the Internet bot bots in Polish Wikipedia, was programmed to upload statistics from official government pages about French, Polish and Italian municipality municipalities . In a few months, the bot uploaded more than 40,000 articles. September 4, 2005 Polish Wikipedia overtook the Dutch ... place after being overtaken by the Italian Wikipedia . September 18, 2005 Polish Wikipedia overtook ... 23, 2005 Polish Wikipedia overtook the Italian Wikipedia to become the fifth largest language edition. January 15, 2006 Polish Wikipedia overtook the Japanese Wikipedia to become the fourth largest language edition. October 13, 2009 Polish Wikipedia received a special recognition for social innovation at the 2009 Jan ukasiewicz Award ceremony, which recognises the most innovative Polish IT companies .... Jana ukasiewicza dla ITTI , a Polish Information Processing Society webpage pl icon ref May 12, 2011 ... more details
Infobox Film name Polish Wedding image Polish wedding poster.jpg image size caption Film Poster director Theresa Connelly producer Nick Wechsler writer Theresa Connelly narrator starring Claire Danes br Jon Bradford. music Luis Bacalov cinematography Guy Dufaux editing Curtiss Clayton br Suzanne Fenn distributor Fox Searchlight Pictures released start date 1998 07 17 runtime 105 minutes country FilmUS language English budget gross 600,294 preceded by followed by Polish Wedding is a 1998 in film 1998 comedy drama film written and directed by Theresa Connelly . It was screened at the Sundance Film Festival on January 16, 1998 and at the Berlin Film Festival Berlin International Film Festival on February 12. It was released in the US on July 17 of the same year. As implied by the name, the film s plot takes place within the Polish American community of Hamtramck, Michigan &ndash girlhood home ... are Polish Americans, though the actors playing them are mostly of other ethnic origins. Plot Jadzia ... Accuracies Members of the Polish American community have pointed out that the movie presents correct aspects of Polish culture. Connelly has in the course of her life also used the name Theresa Panek, which more clearly indicates her Polish origins. A Procession of the Virgin and selection of an actual virgin to lead it does not happen in the Roman Catholicism in Poland Polish Roman Catholic Church ... External links imdb title id 0119910 title Polish Wedding amg movie id 1 160238 tcmdb title id 443755 http dudespaper.com dude university the big lebowski goes to the polish wedding The Big Lebowski Goes To The Polish Wedding Polish Americans &ndash Hollywood Style , review by John J. Bukowczyk ..., The Polish Wedding. http www.rottentomatoes.com m polish wedding Polish Wedding Review at Rotten tomatoes . DEFAULTSORT Polish Wedding Category 1998 films Category 1990s comedy drama films Category 1990s ... fr Polish Wedding it Amori & segreti ... more details
Other uses Polish disambiguation Infobox poultry breed name Polish image Polish Silver Lace.jpg image caption A Polish Silver Lace Chicken status common altname Poland country japan nickname Nickname these must be on one line with br separating them apa yes apagroup APA standards American, English, Continental, Asiatic, Mediterranean, Other breeds aba Recognized by the ABA yes, if no leave blank abagroup ABA standards Game, Single Comb and Clean Legged, Rose Comb and Clean Legged, All Other Combs and Clean Legged, Feather Legged extinct Yes if no leave blank maleweight convert 30 oz femaleweight convert 26 oz skincolor S Color eggcolor white,brown,green blue,blue,green comb Type The Polish Also called the Poland is a European breed of chicken known for its crest of feathers. The English language name of these birds is a misnomer, as they do not originate in the country of Poland . Instead, the oldest accounts of crested chickens comes from the Netherlands . ref name Ekarius cite book title ... vision can impact their temperament. ref http www.mypetchicken.com chicken breeds Polish B91.aspx Chicken Breeds , My Pet Chicken, accessed March 19, 2011. ref Polish chickens are bred primarily as a show bird, but were originally egg layers. Accordingly, Polish do not go broody and are noted ... 6 pounds. Image Silverpolishchick.jpg thumb left Polish Silver Lace chick Approximate weight metric width 200 cellspacing 1 cellpadding 1 border 1 Bantam Variety Polish Rooster 680g 790 g Hen 510g 680 g Bearded Image Buff Laced Polish Chicken.jpg thumb right A buff laced Polish Golden orange brown ... varieties Image White Crested Black Polish.jpg thumb White Crested Black Polish ref name APA Feeding ... category Polish chicken http www.feathersite.com Poultry CGP Polish BRKPolish.html Polish at feathersite http www.polishbreedersclub.com polandsrespublica.htm at Official website of the Polish Breeders ... breeds Chickens Polish Poultryhub.org Fancy Chicken Breeds Polish Category Chicken breeds Category ... more details
Polish American A Polish American lang pl Amerykanin polskiego pochodzenia , is a citizenship in the United States citizen of the United States of Poles Polish descent. There are an estimated 10 million Polish Americans, representing about 3.2 of the demographics of the United States population of the United States . No distinction is made in the American census between ethnically Polish Americans ... and considered themselves Polish nationals. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, only a certain portion are of Polish ethnic descent. On the other hand, many ethnic Poles when ... Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. Polish Americans are the largest European ethnic ... America arrived in the Colony of Virginia Virginia Colony in 1608. Early Polish immigrants of note ... immigration numbers are unknown. Owing to the partitions of Poland partitions of Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth , the Polish state did not exist at the time when the precursor to the Immigration and Naturalization ... and Austrian for Polish immigrants to the United States. According to the 2000 United States Census , 667,414 directly from the Census table. Americans over 5 years old reported Polish language Polish ... than English or 0.25 of the U.S. population. History Early settlers main 1619 Jamestown Polish craftsmen ..., the House excluded the Polish community and threatened their rights. In reaction, the Poles ... cite book title In Quest of a Cultural Identity An Inquiry for the Polish Community last Seidner first ... established the first bilingual schools in the New World, teaching both Polish and English, which ... The political and economic power of the Polish community declined, however, with the increased colonial ... statue, Detroit, Michigan Detroit Later Polish immigrants included Jacob Sodowski Jakub Sadowski ... States title Causes of Immigration author American Pioneer, I, 119 II, 325 ref As Polish Lithuanian ... due to Partitions of Poland military partitions by foreign powers , Polish patriotism patriots , among ... more details
Image Glacial striation.jpg thumb Glacial polish at Devil s Postpile National Monument , Madera County, California, USA Glacial polish is a characteristic of rock surfaces where glaciers have passed over bedrock, typically granite or other hard igneous rock igneous or metamorphic rock . Moving ice will carry pebbles and sand grains removed from upper levels which in turn grind a smooth or grooved surface upon the underlying rock. ref cite book last Monroe first James S. coauthors Reed Wicander title Changing Earth publisher Thomson Brooks Cole date 2004 url http books.google.co.uk books?id zE5 d1IiqxEC&pg PA395&dq 22Glacial polish 22&as brr 3&client firefox a&sig ACfU3U0ZcqqJB23FWdkNk8xZIDi5 1EU6A PPA395,M1 isbn 0495010200 page 395 ref The presence of such polish indicates that the glaciation was relatively recent in geologic time scale or was subsequently protected by deposition, as such polish will be subsequently lost due to weathering processes such as Exfoliation joint exfoliation . References Reflist br DEFAULTSORT Glacial Polish Category Glaciology glaciology stub de Detersion pl Wyg ad lodowcowy ... more details
Infobox ethnic group group Polish Brazilian br small Polaco Brasileiro Polacy Brazylii small image File ... Notable Polish Brazilians br Jaime Lerner Mauricio Waldman Xuxa small poptime c. 1,800,000 Polish ... Polish Society ref small popplace Brazil Mainly Southern Brazil Southern and Southeastern Brazil langs Predominantly Portuguese language Portuguese . Minorities speak Polish language Polish rels Predominantly Roman Catholic Church Catholic or Judaism related Polish people , Brazilian people , Ukrainian Brazilian s, Russian Brazilian s A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian person of full or partial Polish ancestry, who is aware of such ancestry and remains connected, in some degree, to Polish culture, or a Polish born person permanently residing in Brazil. The number of Polish descendants in Brazil ... generated title ref Also, a Polish Brazilian can be a child of a Brazilian mother and Polish father and vice versa . Polish people Polish immigrants began arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century ... Polish area in Brazil. Citation needed date May 2010 The Polish immigrants brought native folk music and dance music to Brazil such as mazurka in Polish mazurek and polonaise. Citation needed date May 2010 In addition to the musical elements of the Polish culture , immigrants also brought customs, manners, and styles of clothing. Citation needed date May 2010 Polish culture has also had ... de Colono Polones.jpg thumb left 180px Poland Polish house in Paran state Paran . The first Polish people Polish immigrants arrived in the port of Itaja , Santa Catarina state Santa Catarina , in August ... of Santa Catarina, received many Poles Polish immigrants . They were in total 16 families, among them ... Bot generated title ref Polish immigration to Brazil was not as large as the immigration of Portuguese ... the majority of Polish immigrants, who settled mainly in the region of Curitiba , in the towns of Mallet, Cruz Machado, S o Matheus do Sul, Irati, and Uni o da Vit ria. Most Polish immigrants to Southern ... more details
Image Polish alphabet.png thumb The Polish alphabet. Grey indicates letters not used in native words. Polish language The Polish alphabet is the writing system script of the Polish language , the basis for the Polish orthography Polish system of orthography . It is based on the Latin alphabet , but includes ... not considered part of the Polish alphabet, The Polish alphabet, or variations of it, is also used ... languages . Letters When Q, V and X are excluded, there are 32 letters in the Polish alphabet 9 vowel s and 23 consonant s. The following table lists the letters of the alphabet, their Polish names see also Names of letters Names of letters below , the Polish phonology Polish phonemes ... possible pronunciations. For more information about the sounds, see Polish phonology . class wikitable Upper br case Lower br case Polish name Usual value Rough English or br other equivalent ... o n , IPAc pl o m see Polish orthography Nasal vowels Nasal vowels B b be IPAc pl b b ed IPAc pl p when Polish orthography Voicing and devoicing devoiced C c ce IPAc pl c pi ts For ch, ci, cz see Digraphs ... d d og IPAc pl t when Polish orthography Voicing and devoicing devoiced . For dz etc. see Digraphs Digraphs below E e e IPAc pl e b e d IPAc pl nasal e IPAc pl e n , IPAc pl e m see Polish orthography Nasal vowels Nasal vowels F f ef IPAc pl f f at G g gie IPAc pl g g o IPAc pl k when Polish ... see Polish orthography Spelling rules Spelling rules J j jot IPAc pl j y es K k ka IPAc pl k s c ant IPAc pl g if Polish orthography Voicing and devoicing voiced . For ki see Digraphs Digraphs ... IPAc pl b if Polish orthography Voicing and devoicing voiced R r er IPAc pl r trilled R trilled r For rz ... IPAc pl sh eep alveolo palatal consonant alveolo palatal IPAc pl cf. if Polish orthography Voicing and devoicing voiced T t te IPAc pl t s t art IPAc pl d if Polish orthography Voicing and devoicing ... when Polish orthography Voicing and devoicing devoiced Y y igrek IPAc pl y between f i t and p u t Z ... more details
Polish jokes are jokes told to make fun of or disparage Polish people . Some of the earliest Polish jokes ... World War II in disputed border regions such as Silesia , suggesting that Polish jokes did not originate ... versions of Polish jokes are an unrelated purely American phenomenon and do not express the historical ...?id eCbOfgVuxtwC&pg PA181&dq 22the Polish joke books Wilde 1973, 1975, 1977, 1983 sold very well indeed ... 20indeed 22&f false The Mirth of Nations ibidem. Page 181. ref This view is challenged by the Polish .... ref http www.polamjournal.com Library The Origin of the Polish Joke the origin of the polish ... block in the 1980s, the much earlier German anti Polish sentiment dating back to the policies ... , was revived in East Germany against Solidarno Solidarity . Polish jokes became common, reminding ... Polish jokes were brought to America by German displaced person s fleeing war torn Europe in the late ... in the case of early Polish jokes told by Americans, remarks on intelligence was a particularly frequent clich . ref name polam http www.polamjournal.com Library The Origin of the Polish Joke the origin of the polish joke.html Polish American Journal , Boston, NY. Quote ... American TV viewers were encouraged to bash Poles with jokes that portrayed the Polish people as allegedly having subhuman intelligence. ref An example of a Polish joke told by TV media was Why can t they make ice cubes in Poland anymore? Because someone lost the recipe. fact date November 2011 Polish migration from the Partitions of Poland dismantled Polish state throughout the 19th century was considerable due to ethnic discrimination and unemployment on traditionally Polish lands by the German and Russian empires ... occasions 22 Polish Americans Published by Transaction Publishers, 1994, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 294 pages. ISBN 1560001003 ref Polish Americans became the subject of derogatory jokes at the time when Polish immigrants came to America in considerable numbers fleeing mass persecution at home ... more details
Use dmy dates date August 2011 Use Australian English date August 2011 Infobox Ethnic group group Polish ... , Polish language Polish rels Predominantly Roman Catholic with Protestant and Jewish minorities ... war period. Immigration from Poland has long tapered off, with Polish Australian population now part ... born in Poland . Cities with the largest Polish populations were Melbourne 16,439 , Sydney 12,514 ... of Birth, 2006 ref The Polish born Australian resident population predominantly were Australian citizens 90.3 , Christian 82.4 and used Polish at home 70.0 . Around 78 arrived in Australia before 1990 ..., in 2006 163,802 Australian residents declared they had Polish ancestry, either alone or in combination ... group of Polish Australian residents may be today the expatriate community of Polish descent from many countries, like Polish Americans the United States , Polish Canadians Canada , France , and Polish Britons Great Britain , where numbers of members of the Polonia are counted in millions or hundreds of thousands. A well known example of this is kind of Polish Australian is the Nobel Prize winning writer J.M. Coetzee , a South Africa n with partially Polish origins who has recently ... Polish Hill River . The first mass migration happened in the late 1940s when large groups of displaced ... soldiers from the Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade rats of Tobruk . Between 1947 and 1954 ... Polish migration to Australia. The emergence of the Solidarity Polish trade union Solidarity ... relaxation of Polish emigration laws. During the period 1980 91 Australia granted permanent entry to a large number of Polish migrants, many arriving as refugees who soon got a reputation for being ... public about issues related to Polish history, politics, society and culture. The immediate trigger for establishing The Australian Institute of Polish Affairs also known as AIPA was strong .... Notable Polish Australians Business Richard Pratt Australian businessman Richard Pratt ... more details
A Polish flat sometimes referred to as the German duplex is a two family home with separate entrances, and with the units stacked on top of one another instead of side by side. Most homes of this type were constructed in the early 20th century. File Portage Park Two Flat.jpg thumb upright A two flat in Chicago s Portage Park neighborhood Constructing the units in two stages balanced affordability and quality. The new Polish immigrants, as soon as they could afford to do so, would purchase a small one story or story and a half cottage, or sometimes build one on a vacant lot with minimum cost, with modest Victorian Gothic or Queen Anne fa ade. When they saved again, they would than raise the frame up on jacks creating a partially sunken basement, excavate the area underneath, pour concrete floor, build foundation walls with masonry usually concrete blocks , then set the old frame back down over the new apartment. While highly unorthodox, it was an ingenious technique of building new accommodations without disrupting family life, in line with their growing wealth. This arrangement enabled a family of limited means to end up with both a home and a modestly priced rental apartment unit. Most of the Polish flats that survive to this day are found in Milwaukee, Wisconsin . citation needed date May 2012 Since Polish American immigrants prized land ownership in their own Polish culture culture , this solution which was prominent in the areas they settled in came to be associated with them. ref name FieldWorks Polish flats were, in the words of former Milwaukee Mayor John Norquist in his book The Wealth of Cities specifically designed both to accommodate and to accelerate the economic improvement of the family... Polish flats were human values reflected in architecture and testified to the hard work, practicality, and optimism of their inhabitants. ref name FieldWorks http www.huduser.org ... milwaukee.htm Category Buildings and structures in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Category Polish American ... more details
Image Polishrabbit.JPG thumb Aristocrat s Henry, American Polish rabbit The Polish Rabbit is a small breed of domestic rabbit . History and origin Despite the name, the Polish rabbit is thought to have originated in England from the common white hutch rabbit, but the exact origins of the breed are unknown ... upright body type and active temperament. The British version of the Polish rabbit is equivalent to the American Britannia Petite . Appearance File Ro pool gilberte.jpg right thumb REW Polish Today, the American Polish rabbit is used as a fancy exhibition breed and pets. They are small rabbits with short ... cheeks and bold eyes. Due to their small size, the Polish rabbit is often confused with the Netherland dwarf, although the Polish is a little larger and the head is not rounded. There are many other ... of the American Polish rabbit 6 months or older are 2 to 3 pounds. The ideal weight is 2 pounds. ref ARBA Standard of Perfection ref Until the 1950s, most American Polish rabbits were white with either ... white gene and is not a true albino. Since the 1950s, colored Polish breeds have been recognized by rabbit clubs. In 1957, the American Rabbit Breeders Association approved the black and chocolate Polish ..., the National Polish Rabbit Club accepts any color of Polish rabbit as long as it is accepted by another ..., sables tend to dominate. Personality and care Due to their small size, Polish rabbits need ... Polish rabbit is generally calm and friendly, especially the bucks. Does can be territorial if not spayed .... Rabbits will chew on carpets, baseboard and especially electrical cords. Feeding Polish rabbits ..., the amount of feed is decreased. Health concerns As with other rabbits, Polish rabbits do not do ... box habits and contact a rabbit veterinarian immediately. The average life span of a breeding Polish rabbit is 5 to 6 years. ref http www.petplace.com small mammals choosing a polish rabbit page1.aspx ... Polish Rabbit club DEFAULTSORT Polish Rabbit Category Rabbit breeds Category Pet rabbits Category Rabbit ... more details
Poland Polish communists can trace their origins to early 20th century, as is the case in geographically nearby countries. The first significant Polish Marxist was Stanis aw Brzozowski writer Stanis aw Brzozowski 1878 1911 . During the interwar period in the Second Polish Republic , some Polish communists formed a political party , the Communist Party of Poland Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP . Among their thinkers was James Bolowski . Most of the original KPP members and leaders perished during Joseph Stalin s Great Purge . In 1943, Stalin made efforts to rebuild Polish communist party. He created Union of Polish Patriots , to become an agent to aid the legitimization of puppet state he planned to set up in war ridden Poland. This led to the creation of People s Republic of Poland and Polish United Workers Party . Having little popularity, majority of Polish communists were dependent on support of the Soviet Union . There were also repeated attempts by some Polish academics and philosophers, like Leszek Ko akowski , Tadeusz Kotarbi ski , Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and Stanis aw Ossowski to develop, as a slowly eroding opposition, a specific form of Polish Marxism . While their attempts to create a bridge between Poland s history and Soviet Marxism ideology were mildly successful, especially in comparison to similar efforts in most other countries of the Eastern Bloc , they have been to much extent stifled by the regime s unwillingness to step too far and risk the wrath of Soviets for going too far from the Soviet Party line politics party line . In modern Poland, post 1989, communists have a minimal impact on political and economical life of the country. However some Post Communism former communists , who were in their thirties during the fall of communism and took part in it, building ... PolPhil Marxist MarxistEngl.html Polish Philosophy Page The Marxist Trend , at the Internet Archive DEFAULTSORT Polish Communism Category Communism in Poland Category History of Poland 1795 1918 ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 File Winko.jpg thumb A bottle of Polish wine Wine production in Poland is currently a small industry with only six Winery wineries registered to sell and produce grape table wine s in Poland as defined by the national wine law s that came into being in 2008 Adoria Vineyards , Winnica Jaworek , Winnica Maria Anna , Winnica Pa ac Mierz cin , and Winnica P ochockich . There exist a very lively amateur winery and viticulture scene throughout the country with especially strong grouping in the regions around the city of Zielona G ra and in the south east of the country. Citation needed date July 2011 Category Wine by country Category Polish cuisine Wine Category Alcohol in Poland Category Polish alcoholic beverages Wine stub Poland stub ... more details
merge Slavic mythology date April 2011 Refimprove date April 2012 Refimprove date April 2012 Polish citation needed date April 2012 mythology comprises beliefs and myths of ancient Poland citation needed date April 2012 , including witchcraft and elements of Paganism . An early Polish settlement featuring an allocated place of pagan worship, which is located near the ancient complex of Poganowo not far from the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea , was unearthed and examined archaeologically as first of its kind only recently, by the scientists from the Wojciech K trzy ski Museum in K trzyn . It is the only find of this type on the entire south eastern coast of the Baltic so far. Other places of pagan ... of Eastern Europe, however, these specific areas inhabited by early Polish tribes were not studied until ... Norman Davies , http czytelnia.onet.pl 0,1125917,do czytania.html Polish national mythology , excerpts ... ref Nevertheless, the Polish pantheon of pagan gods exists in direct relation to many Slavic ... folk magic Main Polish folk beliefs col begin col break width 33 Circles in Polish mythology Crossroads in Polish mythology Czarownica Divination in Polish mythology Fire Flowers Herbs in Polish mythology col break width 33 Ladanki The Magic Belt of Poland Matka Ziemia Pisanka Spoiling in Polish ..., editor. Polish Customs. Friends of Polish Art Detroit, MI, 1977. Contoski, Josepha K., editor. Treasured Polish Songs with English Translations. Polanie Publishing Co. Minneapolis, MN, 1953. Estes, Clarissa .... The Slavs. Preager Publishers New York, 1971. Knab, Sophie Hodorowicz. Polish Customs, Traditions, & Folklore. Hippocrene Books New York, 1993. Knab, Sophie Hodorowicz. Polish Herbs, Flowers, and Folk Medicine. Hippocrene Books New York, 1995. Krasicki, Ignacy tr by Gerard Kapolka Polish Fables ..., 1962 Zajdler, Zoe. Polish Fairy Tales. Chicago, Ill Follett Publishing, 1959 Sekalski, Anstruther J. Old Polish Legends. 1997 Singing Back The Sun A Dictionary of Old Polish Customs and Beliefs ... more details
Infobox Ethnic group group Polish Canadian image File Blank300.png 256px br Image Gretzky aug2001 closeup.jpg ... Canada , Atlantic Canada , Quebec langs Polish language Polish , English language English and or French language French rels Roman Catholic , Protestant , Jewish related c Polonia , Western Slavs Polish Canadians are Canadian nationality law Citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who ... Canada , 984,585 Canadians claim full or partial Polish ancestry. ref name Stats Canada ... modified 2005 01 25. Accessed 2008 01 03. ref History The earliest Polish immigrants to Canada were ... Canada, 2002, http www.biblioteka.info archive.htm Archival Sources for the Study of Polish Canadians. Accessed 2008 01 03 ref The first Polish immigrant on record, Dominik Barcz, is known to have ... Columbia are named after him. Group settlers The first significant group of Polish group settlers ... of Renfrew County, mostly in the lumber industry of the Ottawa Valley . The consecutive waves of Polish ... life in Canada. Religious services All Polish Canadians including their descendants are encouraged ... and its people. In the past, the most significant role in the preservation of various aspects of Polish traditions and customs among the Polish communities in Canada fell for the Polish urban parishes, which retain the use of Polish language during services. ref Henry Radecki, http books.google.ca books?id PBlT4rvc3l0C&pg PA102&dq 22The role of the Polish parishes 22 v onepage&q 22The 20role 20of 20the 20Polish 20parishes 22&f false Ethnic organizational dynamics the Polish group in Canada. Page 102 Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1979 275 pages ref The first Polish Catholic priest visited Polish immigrants in 1862 in Kitchener. The first church serving Polish immigrants was built in 1875 in Wilno, Ontario. In Winnipeg, the Holy Ghost Church was built in 1899. The first Polish Canadian ... Diocese. There are Polish Canadian priests in many congregations and orders, such as the Franciscans ... more details
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