Category Bacteria Category Polysaccharideencapsulatedbacteria Category Microbiology ..., Koizumi K. Polysaccharide Vaccines for Prevention of Encapsulated Bacterial Infections Part 1. Infect ... by Jakobsen Role in disease Many encapsulatedbacteria are pathogens that lead to a significant amount ... M title Clinical implications of the specialised B cell response to polysaccharideencapsulated pathogens ... due to encapsulatedbacteria journal J Infect Dis volume 136 Suppl pages S25 30 pmid 330779 year 1977 ref ref cite journal author Wong W, Powars D, Chan L, Hiti A, Johnson C, Overturf G title Polysaccharideencapsulated bacterial infection in sickle cell anemia a thirty year epidemiologic experience ... . Alternatively they can be called the NHS bacteria, as in National Health Service in the UK. Children Young children do not have the ability to make antibodies to polysaccharide and are, therefore, more susceptible to encapsulatedbacteria. This is especially true for children between six months ...Image Streptococcus pneumoniae.jpg right thumb 200px scanning electron microscopy SEM micrograph of an encapsulated bacterium Pneumococcus . Polysaccharideencapsulatedbacteria , frequently referred to simply as encapsulatedbacteria and less precisely called encapsulated microorganism organisms , are a group of bacteria that have an outer covering, a bacterial capsule , made of polysaccharide . Examples of encapsulatedbacteria Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae type b Hib ref name jakobsen cite journal author Jakobsen H, Jonsdottir I title Mucosal vaccination against encapsulated respiratory bacteria new potentials for conjugate vaccines? journal Scand J Immunol volume 58 issue ... pmj.77.911.562 pmc 1757924 http pmj.bmj.com cgi reprint 77 911 562.pdf Full Free Text . ref Encapsulatedbacteria are antiphagocytic and hence are susceptible to antibody mediated immune response B cells ... to encapsulated bacterial infections. Asplenia People that lack a spleen , functionally as in sickle ... more details
1 904455 19 6 ref See also Polysaccharideencapsulatedbacteria Glycans Exopolysaccharide Beta glucans ... Pathogenic bacteria commonly produce a thick, mucous like, layer of polysaccharide. This capsule ... ref When all the monosaccharides in a polysaccharide are the same type, the polysaccharide ... is used as a storage polysaccharide in plants, being found in the form of both amylose and the branched ... by some bacteria and protists. Ruminant s and termite s, for example, use microorganisms to process ... cellulose. Certain animals such as termite s can digest cellulose, because bacteria possessing the enzyme ... may be catalyzed by enzyme s called chitinase s, secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi ... Vandamme, E. J., Ed. publisher Weiheim Wiley VCH pages 1 19 isbn 978 3 527 30226 0 ref Polysaccharide ... response and thereby lead to the destruction of the bacteria. Capsular polysaccharides are water soluble ... are used as vaccine s. Bacteria and many other microbes, including fungi and algae , often ... polysaccharide Viscosity of Welan gum Shear Rate rpm Viscosity cP 0.3 23330 0.5 16000 1 11000 2 5500 4 3250 5 2900 10 1700 20 900 50 520 100 310 Aqueous solutions of the polysaccharide alone have ... direction briefly. This recoil demonstrates the elastic effect of the polysaccharide ... http employees.csbsju.edu hjakubowski classes ch331 cho complexoligosacch.htm Polysaccharide Structure ... European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence Carbohydrates Category Polysaccharides Category ... ca Polisac rid cs Polysacharidy da Polysakkarid de Polysaccharide et Pol sahhariidid el es Polisac rido eo Polisakarido eu Polisakarido fa fr Polysaccharide gd Poilisacaraid ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Bacteria fossil range Long fossil range 4200 0 Archean or earlier ... of Escherichia coli bacilli domain Bacteria subdivision ranks Phyla ref cite web url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... Bacteria eubacteria accessdate 2008 09 10 work Taxonomy Browser publisher date ref subdivision Gram ... Bacteria IPA en b k t ri en us bacteria.ogg singular bacterium are a large domain biology domain of prokaryotic microorganism s. Typically a few micrometre s in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from sphere s to rods and spirals. Bacteria are present in most habitat s on Earth ... 5 10 sup 30 sup bacteria on Earth, ref name pmid9618454 cite journal author Whitman WB, Coleman ... plants and animals. ref C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http www.eoearth.org article Bacteria?topic 49480 Bacteria ... and the Environment, Washington DC ref Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many steps in nutrient ... vents and cold seeps , bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds such as hydrogen sulphide and methane . Most bacteria have not been characterised, and only about half of the phylum phyla of bacteria have species that can be microbiological culture ... pmid 14527284 doi 10.1146 annurev.micro.57.030502.090759 ref The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology ... flora as there are human cells in the body, with large numbers of bacteria on the skin and as gut ... ref The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system , and a few are probiotic beneficial . However, a few species of bacteria are pathogenic bacteria pathogenic and cause infectious disease s, including cholera , syphilis , anthrax ... common. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills , the production ... doi 10.1016 j.cbpa.2005.02.001 ref Once regarded as plant s constituting the class Schizomycetes , bacteria ... s. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Definition Encapsulated knowledge is the value endowing meta Resource based view resource originating from thought, reflection, or experience that is embedded in an artefact s design and functionality. Properties Encapsulated knowledge may be considered that knowledge which is found in a complex physical form, concealed from the casual observer, but physically transferable and acquirable in a marketplace, and provides utility to those who have the tacit knowledge necessary to use it. It is a recent addition to the Knowledge based theory of the firm knowledge based view of the firm . Encapsulated knowledge differs from both tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge . Encapsulated knowledge is not tacit because it resides outside of the human mind. It may also be distinguished from tacit knowledge in that it is a consequence of the application of tacit knowledge upon physical or material objects. It is also useful to distinguish encapsulated knowledge from explicit knowledge . Encapsulated knowledge is not precisely explicit, even though this term has generally been juxtaposed with tacit knowledge, because it is knowledge concealed from its users, and explicitness implies observability. Encapsulated knowledge is distinguishable from codified knowledge primarily along the dimension of observability which has implications for the appropriability of value. The observability of explicit, codified knowledge makes it susceptible to misappropriation. Encapsulated knowledge, on the other hand, facilitates the marketing of knowledge since it can only be partially misappropriated through expensive reverse engineering. Finally, both codification and encapsulation ... of the cost of learning to make use of the encapsulated knowledge. For example, utility can be realized from the use of knowledge encapsulated in a computer or an automobile apart from having ... of some form of encapsulated knowledge. References cite book last Boisot first Max authorlink ... more details
Infobox file format name Encapsulated PostScript icon extension .eps br .epsf br .epsi mime type code EPSF br TEXT uniform type com.adobe.encapsulated postscript owner genre container for contained by extended from PostScript extended to standard vector based yes Encapsulated PostScript , or EPS , is a Document Structuring Conventions DSC conforming PostScript document with additional restrictions which is intended to be usable as a graphics file format . In other words, EPS files are more or less self contained, reasonably predictable PostScript documents that describe an image or drawing and can be placed within another PostScript document. At minimum, an EPS file contains a bounding box BoundingBox DSC comment, describing the rectangle containing the image described by the EPS file. Applications can use this information to lay out the page, even if they are unable to directly render the PostScript inside. EPS, together with DSC s Open Structuring Conventions, form the basis of early versions of the Adobe Illustrator Artwork file format. Identifying EPS files Refimprove article s section named Identifying EPS files date April 2008 Because of the different ways in which EPS previews .... ref See Encapsulated PostScript File Format Specification link above for authoritative source. ref ... Format Scalable Vector Graphics SVG References Adobe Developer Support, 1992. Encapsulated PostScript ... to PostScript Encapsulated PostScript http www.tailrecursive.org postscript eps.html Notes references Graphics file formats DEFAULTSORT Encapsulated Postscript Category Graphics file formats Category Vector graphics markup languages bg Encapsulated PostScript de Encapsulated PostScript es PostScript encapsulado eu Encapsulated PostScript fr Encapsulated PostScript ko EPS id EPS it Encapsulated PostScript nl Encapsulated PostScript ja Encapsulated PostScript pl Encapsulated PostScript pt Encapsulated PostScript ru Encapsulated PostScript fi EPS sv Encapsulated PostScript uk EPS zh EPS ... more details
Polysaccharide peptide PSP is a protein bound polysaccharide extracted from the edible mushroom Coriolus versicolor . PSP is currently in the animal testing phase of research in many countries for use as an anti tumor drug. It appears to work as a Biological Response Modifier, enhancing the body s own use of macrophages and T lymphocytes, rather than directly attacking any tumors. ref name pmid9457474 cite journal author Ng TB title A review of research on the protein bound polysaccharide polysaccharopeptide, PSP from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor Basidiomycetes Polyporaceae . journal Gen Pharmacol year 1998 volume 30 issue 1 pages 1 4 pmid 9457474 doi 10.1016 S0306 3623 97 00076 1 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 9457474 ref PSK was first isolated in Japan in the late 1960s while PSP was isolated about 1983 in China. Each compound has shown remarkable anticancer properties with few side effects. Remarkably by 1987 PSK accounted for more than 25 of total national expenditure for anticancer agents in Japan. ref cite journal last1 Cancer Research UK url http sci.cancerresearchuk.org labs med mush final pdfs chapt7.pdf ref References Reflist See also Polysaccharide K Category Organic polymers Category Polysaccharides Category Oncology Category Medicinal fungi antineoplastic drug stub Protein stub ... more details
pmid19414318 cite journal author Yamasaki A, Shoda M, Iijima H et al. title A protein bound polysaccharide ... J title Efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with polysaccharide K for patients with curative resections ... polysaccharide obtained from basidiomycetes an overview journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention ... cite journal author Fisher M, Yang LX title Anticancer effects and mechanisms of polysaccharide K PSK ... Hui KP, Sit WH, Wan JM title Induction of S phase cell arrest and caspase activation by polysaccharide ... leukemia in adults using a protein bound polysaccharide preparation journal Cancer Immunology ... as Polysaccharide Peptide or PSP, and is derived from a strain of Trametes versicolor known as COV ... 100,000 Atomic mass unit Da and its main polysaccharide chain consists of a beta glucan linked via ... bond . ref name pmid7606203 See also Polysaccharide Peptide Coriolus versicolor Medicinal mushrooms ... content eto 5 3x coriolous versicolor.asp Trametes versicolor and Polysaccharide K . Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center s page for http www.mskcc.org mskcc html 69194.cfm Trametes versicolor and Polysaccharide ... Detailed Scientific Review of Trametes versicolor and Polysaccharide K by the MD Anderson Cancer Center. http www.drugs.com npp turkey tail.html Trametes versicolor and Polysaccharide K information ... more details
GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause bacterial infectious disease infection . This article deals with human pathogenic bacteria. Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial, quite a few bacteria are pathogenic . One of the bacterial diseases ... kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub Saharan Africa. Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia , which can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas , and foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria such as Shigella , Campylobacter and Salmonella . Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus , typhoid ... pathogenic Conditionally pathogenic bacteria are only pathogenic under certain conditions, such as a wound ... http www.ajhp.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11885408 ref Some species of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas ... of other organisms. Still, infections with intracellular bacteria may be asymptomatic , such as during the incubation period . An example of intracellular bacteria is Rickettsia . One species of Rickettsia ... with Trichomonas vaginalis trichomoniasis , which are not caused by bacteria . ref cite web url http ... exclusively caused by bacteria. Symptoms include frequent feeling and or need to urinate, pain ... have bacteria in it, ref cite web url http www.med.umich.edu 1libr aha aha asybac crs.htm title Adult Health Advisor 2005.4 Bacteria in Urine, No Symptoms Asymptomatic Bacteriuria accessdate 2007 08 25 ... archivedate 2007 07 12 ref but when bacteria get into the Urinary bladder bladder or kidney and multiply ... bacteria. Such pathogenic enteric bacteria are generally distinguished from the usually harmless bacteria of the normal gut flora , but the distinction is often not fully clear, and Escherichia , for example ... bacteria l human skin skin infection most common among pre school children. ref http www.nhs.uk .... 843 ISBN 978 1 4160 2973 1 ref Erysipelas is an acute streptococcus bacteria l infection ref DorlandsDict ... more details
dabconcept Enteric bacteria are bacteria of the intestine s, and may refer to Gut flora , which is always present and usually harmless Pathogenic bacteria of bacterial gastroenteritis dab ... more details
unreferenced date July 2010 Atypical bacteria are bacteria which remain colourless after gram staining . See also Gram negative bacteria Category Bacteriology microbiology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 Phototrophic bacteria or photolithotrophic bacteria are lithotrophic bacteria that use photosynthesis as their source of energy. Gallery gallery Image Chlorofl.jpg Chloroflexus aurantiacus Image Halobacteria.jpg Cluster cells of Halobacterium gallery Photolithotrophic bacteria Category Phototrophic bacteria ja ... more details
wiktionarypar bacteria The bacteria are a major group of Prokaryote prokaryotic living organisms. Bacteria may also refer to Bacteria malware or Rabbit Programs, a type of malicious software Bacteria, a fictional country in The Great Dictator List of Asterix characters BacteriaBacteria , the wife of List of Asterix characters Unhygienix Unhygienix in the Asterix comics Bacteriidae , a family of South American stick insect s disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Putrefying bacteria is the term used to describe bacteria involved in putrefaction of living matter. Putrefying bacteria turn nitrogen proteins into ammonium compounds. Nitrifying bacteria turn the ammonium compounds into nitrites and then into nitrates for plant absorption. See also Decomposition Anaerobic organism DEFAULTSORT Putrefying Bacteria Category Alchemical processes Category Microbiology bacteria stub ... more details
unreferenced date June 2008 Siderophilic bacteria are bacteria that require or are facilitated by free iron . They may include Vibrio vulnificus , Listeria monocytogenes , Yersinia enterocolica , Salmonella enterica serotype Typhymurium , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli . One possible symptom of haemochromatosis is susceptibility to infections from these species. Certain non bacterial microorganisms such as Rhizopus arrhizus and Mucor may also be siderophilic. See also Iron bacteria Iron in microbiology Category Bacteria Category Microbiology bacteria stub fi Siderofiilit ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Symbiotic bacteria are bacteria living in symbiosis with another organism or each other. For example, Zoamastogopera , found in the stomach of termites, enable them to digest cellulose . Some types of cyanobacteria are endosymbiont to types of lichens and sponges. Symbiotic bacteria are able to live in or on plant or animal tissue biology tissue . In digestive systems, symbiotic bacteria help break down foods that contain fibre . They also help produce vitamins . br Symbiotic bacteria can live near hydrothermal vents. They usually have a mutual relationship with other bacteria. Some live in giant tube worm tube worm s. A use for symbiotic bacteria has recently been in paratransgenesis for controlling important vectors for disease, such as the transmission of Chagas disease by Triatoma Triatome kissing bug s. Symbiotic bacteria in legume roots provide the plants with ammonia in exchange for the plants carbon and a protected home. br DEFAULTSORT Symbiotic Bacteria Category Symbiosis Category Bacteriology Category Microbiology Bacteria stub Ecology stub fr Bact rie symbiotique ... more details
Thermoduric bacteria are bacteria which can survive, to varying extents, the pasteurisation process. ref name indo cite news url http www.independent.ie farming dairy the heatresisting bacteria 1388056.html title The heat resisting bacteria last Donworth first John date 2008 05 27 work Irish Independent publisher Independent News and Media accessdate 2009 08 11 ref Species of bacteria which are thermoduric include Bacillus , Clostridium and Enterococci . ref name glan cite web url https agrilink.ie MilkNews2007 4241 20Thermoduric 20Bacteria.pdf last Murphy first Pat title Control of Thermoduric Bacteria in Raw Milk Supplies publisher Glanbia accessdate 2009 08 11 ref References Reflist bacteria stub Category Food science ... more details
Lipophilic bacteria fat liking bacteria are bacteria that may proliferate in lipids . Types They include lipophilic corynebacteria . ref name cmr http cmr.asm.org cgi reprint 10 1 125.pdf Clinical Microbiology of Coryneform Bacteria GUIDO FUNKE,1 ALEXANDER VON GRAEVENITZ,1 JILL E. CLARRIDGE III,2 AND KATHRYN A. BERNARD3 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zu rich, Zu rich, Switzerland1 Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas2 and Special Bacteriology Laboratory, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada3 ref Propionibacterium acnes is a type of liphophilic bacteria, ref http www.muzisyenlerkulubu.com acnetreatments.asp Natural Acne Treatments Guide How to get rid of pimples ref releasing fatty acids and worsening comedone s. However, the group of lipophilic bacteria are not pathogenic, i.e. they don t cause food poisoning or food infection ref name jensen http www.springerlink.com content 2203u0385q2n1v5r fulltext.pdf The Action of Microorganisms on Fats By L. B. JENSEN and D. P. GRETTIE Swift & Company Laboratories, Chicago, Ill. Published 1933, so feel free to replace ref Health risks Most materials in laboratories and health care centers have small amounts of lipids on their surface, and thus may support the proliferation of lipophilic bacteria. ref http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0886335004006741 Postoperative endophthalmitis. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, Volume 30, Issue 11, Pages 2441 2444 C. Ferrer, J ... jensen this is not a serious threat. Lipophilic bacteria may also proliferate in diet fat. However ... ref name jensen Commercial Use Many lipophilic bacteria are a good source of Biosurfactants, hence are used commercially, e.g. Bacillus lichenoformis . These kind of bacteria produce Biosurfactant ... ones. References reflist 2 Extremophile Category Bacteria medicine stub id Bakteri lipofilik uk ... more details
Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are proteobacteria that are phototroph ic, that is, capable of producing energy through photosynthesis . ref name bryantfrigaard cite journal author D.A. ..., tubes, or sheets, increasing the available surface area. Like most other photosynthetic bacteria, purple bacteria do not produce oxygen , because the reducing agent electron donor involved in photosynthesis is not water. In some, called purple sulfur bacteria , it is either sulfide or elemental sulfur . The others, called purple non sulfur bacteria aka PNSB , typically use hydrogen although some ... show the purple bacteria make up a variety of separate groups, each closer relatives of non photosynthetic proteobacteria than one another. History Purple bacteria were the first bacteria discovered ... by first establishing the bacteria s reactions to different concentrations of oxygen. What was found was that the bacteria moved quickly away from even the slightest trace of oxygen. Then a dish of the bacteria was taken, and a light was focused on one part of the dish leaving the rest dark. As the bacteria cannot survive without light, all the bacteria moved into the circle of light, becoming very crowded. If the bacteria s byproduct was oxygen, the distances between individuals would become larger and larger as more oxygen was produced. But because of the bacteria s behavior in the focused light, it was concluded that the bacteria s photosynthetic byproduct could not be oxygen. Taxonomy Purple non sulfur bacteria are found among the Alphaproteobacteria alpha and Betaproteobacteria ... e.g. Rhodoferax Purple sulfur bacteria are included among the Gammaproteobacteria gamma subgroup , and make up the order purple sulfur bacteria Chromatiales . The similarity between the photosynthetic ... bacteria Category Microbiology bg ca Bacteri porpra cs Purpurov bakterie de Purpurbakterien et Purpurbakterid es Bacteria p rpura he mk ja ... more details
Psychrotrophic bacteria are bacteria that are capable of surviving or even thriving in a cold environment. They can be found in soils ref cite web url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 120081154 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 title An Ecological Study of the Psychrotrophic Bacteria of Soil, Water, Grass and Hay Druce 2008 Journal of Applied Microbiology Wiley Online Library publisher .interscience.wiley.com date accessdate 2010 09 01 ref , in surface and deep sea waters ref cite web url http www.springerlink.com content 0kcy3gl47cftrj0w title Marine Biotechnology, Volume 3, Number 5 publisher SpringerLink date accessdate 2010 09 01 ref , in Antarctic ecosystems ref cite web url http es.scribd.com doc 33323896 Psychrotrophic Bacteria title Psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from Antarctic ecosystems . A. Correa Guimaraes, J. Mart n Gil, M. C. Ramos S nchez, L. Vallejo P rez. Department of Forestry, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, ETSIA, Avenida de Madrid, 57, Palencia, Spain ref , and in foods ref cite web url http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1G1 14605181.html title Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Foods Disease and Spoilage. Food Trade Review publisher Encyclopedia.com date 1993 09 01 accessdate 2010 09 01 ref . Psychrotrophic bacteria are of particular concern to the dairy industry ref cite web url http www.leonthemilkman.com 2006 03 18 the case of psychrotrophic bacteria title Leon the Milkman s Blog The case of Psychrotrophic bacteria publisher Leonthemilkman.com date 2006 ... to The Food Science Department at Cornell university Cornell University , psychrotrophs are bacteria ... of pyschrotrophic bacteria becomes negligible or virtually stops ref http 74.125.93.132 search?q cache ... bacteria 22&cd 2&hl en&ct clnk&gl us&client safari Steven C. Murphy, Shelf LIfe of Fluid ... November 2009. ref . Psychrotrophic bacteria also fall under the more general category of psychrophiles . Notes reflist Category Bacteriabacteria stub de Psychrotroph fr Psychrotrophe ... more details
Palisaded encapsulated neuroma is a cutaneous condition characterized by skin colored or pink, rubbery, firm papules or nodules. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref See also Pachydermodactyly List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Dermatology stub Category Dermal and subcutaneous growths ... more details
Prosthecate bacteria are a non phylogenetically related group of Gram negative bacteria that possess appendages , termed prosthecae . These cellular appendages are neither Pilus pili nor flagella , as they are extensions of the cellular membrane and contain cytosol . ref name Brock cite book author Madigan, Michael T., Martinko, John M. title Brock Biology of Microorganisms edition 11th ed. publisher Pearson Prentice Hall year 2006 id ISBN 0 13 196893 9 ref One notable group of prosthecates is the genus Caulobacter . Metabolism Prosthecates are generally chemoorganotroph ic aerobe s that can grow in nutrient poor habitats, being able to survive at nutrient levels on the order of parts per million for which reason they are often found in aquatic habitats. These bacteria will attach to surfaces with their prosthecae, allowing a greater surface area with which to take up nutrients and release waste products . ref name Brock cite book author Madigan, Michael T., Martinko, John M. title Brock Biology of Microorganisms edition 11th ed. publisher Pearson Prentice Hall year 2006 id ISBN 0 13 196893 9 ref Some prosthecates will grow in nutrient poor soils as aerobic heterotrophs . See also Caulobacter br Oligotroph ic br Flagella br Pilus br External links Poindexter, Jeanne S. Dimorphic Prosthecate Bacteria The Genera Caulobacter , Asticcacaulis , Hyphomicrobium , Pedomicrobium , Hyphomonas and Thiodendron . http www.springerlink.com content r73l62t7uhl27485 fulltext.pdf References reflist bacteria stub Category Microbiology ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Denitrifying bacteria form a necessary part of the process known as denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle , their primary purpose being to metabolism metabolise nitrogenous Chemical compound compounds , with the assistance of the nitrate reductase enzyme , to turn oxide s back to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxides for energy generation. This process takes place only in the absence of oxygen , as most denitrifying bacteria are facultative aerobe s prefers to use oxygen as their terminal electron acceptors , however, they could also utilize nitrate instead. Therefore, denitrification can only be performed under wikt anaerobic anaerobic conditions. This is the main reason why denitrification mostly occurs in the deep substrata of the soil , or in areas of stagnant water . The process of denitrification lowers the fertility of the soil and thus is less common in areas where the land is rather well Tillage cultivated . But this loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere can eventually be regained via introduced food and water, as part of the nitrogen cycle. Some nitrogen may also be nitrogen fixation fixated by species of nitrifying bacteria and the cyanobacteria . Denitrification also becomes the key pathway for Microbial metabolism Denitrification nitrate as electron acceptor dissimilative nitrate reduction , which is the process in which nitrates are reduced ... to that of nitrifying bacteria 2 NO sub 3 sub sup sup 10 e sup sup 12 H sup sup N sub 2 sub 6 H sub ... of water. Denitrifying bacteria themselves include several species of pseudomonas , alkaligene ... by that which is released into the soil by nitrifying bacteria , forming a relatively balanced cycle. Denitrifying bacteria A group of bacteria that reduce nitrates or nitrites to nitrogen containing ... cycle back into the atmosphere . These bacteria have also been implicated in depletion of soil fertility ... it can give. See also Nitrifying bacteria Nitrogen cycle Category Bacteria Category Nitrogen ... more details
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