Taxobox name Ponginae image Orangutan.jpg image caption Pongo sp. orangutan regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Ponginae subfamilia authority subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision See text Ponginae is a subfamily in the hominidae family. It contains a number of genus genera , all but one extinct Orangutan Pongo orangutans Gigantopithecus ref name ThePrimata The Primata, 2007. http www.theprimata.com taxonomy primata.html Subfamily Ponginae . A Taxonomy of Extinct Primates. Accessed 1 March 2011. ref Sivapithecus ref name ThePrimata Lufengpithecus Ankarapithecus ref name ThePrimata Ouranopithecus Griphopithecus ref name ThePrimata File Khoratpithecus.png thumb left Holotype mandible of Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis References reflist Category Apes Primate stub ca Pong el Ponginae es Ponginae eu Ponginae fa fr Ponginae ko he la Ponginae nl Ponginae pl Orangowate zh ... more details
Pongidae or pongid is a taxonomical family which is no longer in use. Originally, until the last few years of the 20th century, Pongidae comprised all the extant species in the current family Hominidae , excluding Homo sapiens and sometimes including the family Hylobatidae gibbon s . Currently pongid may refer to the subfamily Ponginae included in the family Hominidae and comprising only the extant two species of orangutan s Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus . Disambig es Pongidae fr Pongidae ... more details
Pongid refers to mammals of the family Pongidae , currently not in taxonomic use Originally, until the last few years of the 20th century, Pongidae comprised all the extant species in the current family Hominidae , excluding Homo sapiens and sometimes including the family Hylobatidae gibbon s . Currently pongid may refer to the subfamily Ponginae included in the family Hominidae and comprising only the two extant species of orangutan s Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus . Disambig es Pongidae fr Pongidae ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Ankarapithecus fossil range Late Miocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primates familia Hominidae subfamilia Ponginae genus Ankarapithecus species A. meteai binomial Ankarapithecus meteai binomial authority Alpagut et. al., 1996 Ankarapithecus is a genus of extinct ape . It was probably frugivorous , and would have weighed about 60 pounds. Its remains were found close to Ankara in central Turkey beginning in the 1950s. ref New York Times , http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9A01E6DF1739F936A15754C0A960958260 Anthropologists Find Rare Kind of Ape Fossil ref It lived during the Late Miocene . ref Begun, David R. and G le , Erskin . 1998. http www.chass.utoronto.ca anthropology Faculty Begun ankara.pdf Restoration of the Type and Palate of Ankarapithecus meteai Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Implications . American Journal of Physical Anthropology 105 279 314. ref It was similar to Sivapithecus . References reflist Category Prehistoric orangutans Category Fossil taxa described in 1996 paleo primate stub ca Ankarapitec de Ankarapithecus meteai es Ankarapithecus meteai pl Ankarapithecus tr Ankarapithecus meteai zh ... more details
No footnotes date March 2011 Cleanup date March 2011 Taxobox name Lufengpithecus fossil range image image width image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Ponginae genus Lufengpithecus genus authority Wu, 1987 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Lufengpithecus is a genus of extinct ape generally placed in the Ponginae subfamily. It contains three species Lufengpithecus lufengensis , Lufengpithecus hudienensis and Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis . Lufengpithecus lufengensis is a fossil ape recovered from lignite soft coal beds at the Shihuiba Locality in Lufeng County , Yunnan , China, dating to the latest Miocene . It was originally thought to represent two distinct species, Sivapithecus yunnanensis , thought to be an ancestor of Pongo orangutan s , and Ramapithecus lufengensis , thought to be an early human ancestor. The recognition in the 1980s that Ramapithecus fossils were females of Sivapithecus led to the creation of the new genus and species Lufengpithecus lufengensis to accommodate the large collection of hominoid fossils recovered at Lufeng in the 1970s. The species was recognized to have a very large degree of sexual dimorphism, comparable to that seen in cercopithecoid monkeys. The fossil remains from Shihuiba included a number of relatively complete but severely crushed crania of both male and female specimens. In the 1980s and 1990s similar fossils were excavated from a number of localities in Yuanmou County , Yunnan, China, generally attributed to a new species L. hudienensis . The specimens include a large number of teeth, mandibular and maxillary fragments and the facial skeleton of a juvenile, comparable in dental age to the famous Taung Child Taung infant australopithecine from South Africa. Previous hominoid material collected in the 1950s at the Keiyuan colliery site in Yunnan and attributed to Drypopithecus keiyuanensis were subsequently assigned to L. keiyuanensis . Like S ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Ouranopithecus macedoniensis fossil range Miocene image Ouranopithecus macedoniensis.jpg image width 250px image caption Ouranopithecus macedoniensis skull, Mus um national d histoire naturelle , Paris regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae genus Ouranopithecus redirects here, but see doi 10.1537 ase.070501 species O. macedoniensis binomial Ouranopithecus macedoniensis binomial authority Bonis & Melentis, 1977 Ouranopithecus macedoniensis , sometimes called Graecopithecus freybergi , is a late Miocene hominid species found in Greece . ref cite doi 10.1016 j.jhevol.2004.01.006 ref Based on O. macedoniensis s dental and facial anatomy , it is possible that O. macedoniensis was a dryopithecine . However, O. macedoniensis seems to be more closely related to orangutan s in subfamily Ponginae while the most of Dryopithecinae are more closely related to the other great apes in Homininae and a few are considered to be outside of the ape clade altogether. One distinctive trait that Ouranopithecus shares with the humans and other modern African apes is the frontal sinus , a cavity in the forehead. Some investigators consider it possible that O. macedoniensis was the last common ancestor of the great apes and the humans. ref cite doi 10.1038 345712a0 ref Morphology O. macedoniensis had a large, broad face with a prominent supraorbital torus . It also had square shaped orbits. O. macedoniensis may have had a relative large body size. O. macedoniensis s Molar tooth molar Tooth enamel enamel cover was fairly thick and had low cusps. Sexual dimorphism is evident by the teeth . The male O. macedoniensis had large canine teeth with shearing lower premolar s. Diet Based on the heavily pitted surface of the second molar of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis , it is assumed that its diet consisted of harder foods such as nut fruit nuts or tubers . ref cite web last Ungar first P ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Khoratpithecus fossil range image Khoratpithecus.png image width image caption Holotype mandible of Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis from Myanmar regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Ponginae genus Khoratpithecus genus authority Chaimanee et. al. 2004 ref name Khoratpithecus2004 cite journal author Y. Chaimanee, V. Suteethorn, P. Jintasakul, C. Vidthayanon, B. Marandat and J. J. Jaeger year 2004 title A new orang utan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand journal Nature volume 427 issue 6973 pages 439 441 doi 10.1038 nature02245 url http www.nature.com nature journal v427 n6973 abs nature02245.html ref type species Khoratpithecus piriyai type species authority Chaimanee et. al. 2004 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Khoratpithecus piriyai K. piriyai ref name Khoratpithecus2004 ref br Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis K. ayeyarwadyensis ref cite journal author J. J. Jaeger, A. N. Soe, O. Chavasseau, P. Coster, E. G. Emonet, F. Guy, R. Lebrun, A. A. Maung, H. Shwe, S. T. Tun, K. L. Oo, M. Rugbumrung, H. Bocherens, M. Benammi, K. Chaivanich, P. Tafforeau, and Y. Chaimanee year 2011 title First Hominoid from the Late Miocene of the Irrawaddy Formation Myanmar journal PLoS ONE volume 6 issue 4 pages 1 14 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0017065 url http www.plosone.org article info doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0017065 ref br Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis K. chiangmuanensis ref cite journal author Y. Chaimanee, D. Jolly, Benammi, M., Tafforeau, P., Duzer, D., Moussa, I. and J. J. Jaeger year 2003 title A Middle Miocene hominoid from Thailand and orangutan origins journal Nature volume 422 issue 6927 pages 61 65 doi 10.1038 nature01449 url http www.nature.com nature journal v422 n6927 full nature01449.html ref Khoratpithecus is an extinction extinct genus of primates that live during the late Miocene 9 7 million years ago in Southeast Asia. There are three species belong to this genus Khoratpithec ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Fossil range 12.5 8.5 small Miocene small image Sivapithecus.jpg image width 250px image caption Sivapithecus indicus skull, Mus um national d histoire naturelle , Paris regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primates familia Hominidae subfamilia Ponginae genus Sivapithecus genus authority Pilgrim, 1910 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Sivapithecus indicus br Sivapithecus sivalensis br Sivapithecus parvada Sivapithecus is a genus of extinct primate s. Fossil remains of animals now assigned to this genus, dated from 12.5 million to 8.5 million years old in the Miocene , have been found since the 19th century in the Siwalik Hills in what is now India , Nepal , and Pakistan . Any one of the species in this genus may have been the ancestor to the modern orangutan s. Description Sivapithecus was about convert 1.5 m ft in body length, similar in size to a modern orangutan. In most respects, it would have resembled a chimpanzee , but its face was closer to that of an orangutan. The shape of its wrists and general body proportions suggest that it may have spent a significant amount of its time on the ground, as well as in trees. ref name EoDP harvnb Palmer 1999 pp 292 3 ref It had large canine teeth , and heavy molar tooth molar s, suggesting a diet of relatively tough food, such as seeds and savannah grasses. ref name EoDP Species Currently three species are generally recognized. Sivapithecus indicus fossils date from about 12.5 million to 10.5 million years ago. Sivapithecus sivalensis S. sivalensis lived from 9.5 million to 8.5 million years ago. It was found at the Pothowar plateau in Pakistan as well as in parts of India. The animal was about the size of a chimpanzee but had the facial morphology of an orangutan it ate soft fruit detected in the toothwear pattern and was probably mainly arboreal. In 1988 a third, significantly larger species was described and named Sivapithecus parvada S. parvada dated at about 10 million year ... more details
Taxobox name Yuanmou Man fossil range Pleistocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primates familia Hominidae genus Homo genus Homo species Homo erectus H. erectus subspecies H. e. yuanmouensis trinomial Homo erectus yuanmouensis Yuanmou Man zh s t p Yu nm u R n , Homo erectus yuanmouensis , refers to a member of the Homo genus homo genus whose remnants, two incisors , were discovered near Danawu Village in Yuanmou County zh s t p Yu nm u Xi n in Southwest China southwestern province of Yunnan , China . Later, stone artifacts, pieces of animal bone showing signs of human work and wood ash ash from campfires were also dug up from the site. The fossils are on display at the National Museum of China , Beijing . Discovery The remnants of Yuanmou Man were discovered on May 1, 1965, by the geologist Fang Qian, who was working for the Geological Mechanics Research Institute. Based on the palaeomagnetic dating of the rock they were found in, it was initially estimated that the fossils were about 1.7 Megaannum Ma BP and thus represented the earliest fossils of human ancestors found in China and East Asia . ref cite journal last1 Pu first1 L last2 Fang first2 C last3 Hsing Hua first3 M last4 Ching Yu first4 P last5 Li Sheng first5 H last6 Shih Chiang first6 C title Preliminary study on the age of Yuanmou man by palaeomagnetic technique journal Scientia Sinica volume 20 issue 5 pages 645 64 year 1977 pmid 339347 ref It was once thought to be possibly predated by Wushan Man , but that has turned out to be a stem orangutan Ponginae . ref name Ciochon Ciochon RL. 2009 . The mystery ape of Pleistocene Asia. Nature. 459 910 911. doi 10.1038 459910a . This piece in Nature is based on a contribution to the forthcoming book Out of Africa I Who, When and Where? eds, Fleagle, J. G. et al. Springer, 2009 ref Dating The dating has been indirectly questioned by Geoffrey Pope who argued that evidence does not support the appearance of hominida ... more details
POV date November 2011 Copy edit date October 2011 Taxobox name Homininae image Homininae.png image width 250px image caption Various members of Homininae both extant and extinct . regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s infraordo Simiiformes superfamilia Hominoidea familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae subfamilia authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1825 subdivision ranks Tribe biology Tribes subdivision Gorillini br Hominini br and see text Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae that includes humans , gorilla s, chimpanzee s, and some extinct relatives it comprises all hominids that arose after the split from orangutans Ponginae . The Homininae cladogram has three main branches, which lead to gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. There are several extant species of chimpanzees and gorillas see Homininae Taxonomic classification Taxonomy , but only one human species remains, although several sub species of Homo sapiens still existed 30,000 years ago. History of discoveries and classification also List of human evolution fossils Until 1980, the family Hominidae contained only humans, with the great ape s in the family Pongidae. ref name Goodman cite book author M. Goodman year 1964 chapter Man s place in the phylogeny of the primates as reflected in serum proteins editor S. L. Washburn title Classification and human evolution publisher Aldine, Chicago pages 204 234 ref Later discoveries led to a revision of classification, with Hominidae uniting the great apes now in the sub family Ponginae and humans in the sub family Homininae . ref name Goodman1 cite journal journal Annual Review of Anthropology volume 3 pages 203 228 year 1974 doi 10.1146 annurev.an.03.100174.001223 title Biochemical Evidence on Hominid Phylogeny author M. Goodman ref Further discoveries indicated that gorillas and chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than they are to orangutans, leading to their current placement in Homininae as well. ref name Goodman2 cite journal ... more details
in Ponginae Pongidae . ref cite journal author G. G. Simpson year 1945 title The principles ... the Pongidae to a subfamily the Hominidae family now contained the subfamilies Homininae and Ponginae . Again, the three way split in Ponginae led scientists to ask which of the three genera is least ... more details
species are the only Extant taxon extant members of the subfamily Ponginae . This subfamily also included ... known relative of the orangutans. ref name Payne rp 50 Another notable member of Ponginae was Gigantopithecus ... Wikispecies Ponginae Wikispecies Pongo http www.orangutan.org Orangutan Foundation International http ... more details
Taxobox name Sumatran orangutan ref name msw3 MSW3 Groves id 12100804 ref status CR status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Singleton, I., Wich, S. A. & Griffiths, M. year 2008 id 39780 title Pongo abelii downloaded 4 January 2009 ref trend unknown status system iucn3.1 image Man of the woods.JPG image width 220px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primates familia Pongidae subfamilia Ponginae genus Orangutan Pongo species P. abelii binomial Pongo abelii binomial authority Ren Primev re Lesson Lesson , 1827 range map Mapa distribuicao pongo abelii.png range map width 225px range map alt range map caption Distribution in Indonesia The Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii is one of the two species of orangutan s. Found only on the island of Sumatra , in Indonesia , it is rarer than the Bornean orangutan . Physical description The Sumatran orangutan grows to about convert 1.4 m ft tall and convert 90 kg lb in males. Sexual dimorphism Females are smaller , averaging convert 90 cm ft and convert 45 kg lb . Compared to the Bornean species, Sumatran orangutans are thinner and have longer faces their hair is longer with a paler red color. ref http pin.primate.wisc.edu factsheets entry orangutan Primate Info Net Orangutan Pongo ref Behaviour and ecology Image Orang utan bukit lawang 2006.jpg thumb left Sumatran Orangutan at Bukit Lawang Compared with the Bornean orangutan, the Sumatran orangutan tends to be more frugivorous and especially insectivorous . ref name wich2004 Preferred fruits include ficus fig s and jackfruit s. It will also eat bird egg s and small vertebrate s. ref cite web url http www.bbc.co.uk nature wildfacts factfiles 360.shtml title Science & Nature Wildfacts Sumatran orangutan publisher BBC date accessdate 2009 07 03 ref Sumatran orangutans spend far less time feeding on the inner bark of trees. Wild Sumatran orangutans in the Suaq Balimbing swamp have been observed Tool use by animals using tools . ref Carl Zimmer Zimmer, Carl . To ... more details
Taxobox name Bornean orangutan ref name MSW3 MSW3 Groves pages 183 184 id 12100805 ref status EN status ref ref name IUCN IUCN2008 assessors Ancrenaz, M., Marshall, A., Goossens, B., van Schaik, C., Sugardjito, J., Gumal, M. & Wich, S. year 2008 title Pongo pygmaeus id 17975 downloaded 2009 01 04 ref trend unknown status system iucn3.1 image OrangutanP1.jpg image width regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Great ape Hominidae subfamilia Ponginae genus Orangutan Pongo species P. pygmaeus binomial Pongo pygmaeus binomial authority Carl Linnaeus Linnaeus , 1760 range map Mapa distribuicao pongo pygmaeus.png range map width range map alt range map caption Distribution in Indonesia synonyms P. agris small Schreber, 1799 small br P. batangtuensis small Selenka, 1896 small br P. borneensis small R hrer Ertl, 1983 small br P. borneo small Lac p de, 1799 small br P. brookei small Blyth, 1853 small br P. curtus small Blyth, 1855 small br P. dadappensis small Selenka, 1896 small br P. genepaiensis small Selenka, 1896 small br P. landakkensis small Selenka, 1896 small br P. morio small Owen, 1837 small br P. owenii small Blyth, 1853 small br P. rantaiensis small Selenka, 1896 small br P. rufus small Lesson, 1840 small br P. satyrus small Linnaeus, 1766 small in part br P. skalauensis small Selenka, 1896 small br P. sumatranus small Mayer, 1856 small br P. tuakensis small Selenka, 1896 small br P. wallichii small Gray, 1871 small br P. wurmbii small Tiedemann, 1808 small br The Bornean orangutan , Pongo pygmaeus , is a species of orangutan native to the island of Borneo . Together with the Sumatran orangutan , it belongs to the only genus of great apes native to Asia. The Bornean orangutan has a life span of up to 35 years in the wild in Captivity animal captivity it can live to be 60. ref name NationalZoo cite web url http nationalzoo.si.edu Animals Primates Facts FactSheets Orangutans default.cfm title Primates Orangutans publisher ... more details
creationism2 File Man is But a Worm.jpg thumb A satirical cartoon from 1882, parodying Darwin s theory of evolution, in response to the publication of The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms The creation evolution controversy also termed the creation vs. evolution debate or the origins debate is a recurring culture wars cultural , political, and theology theological dispute about the origins of Age of the Earth the Earth , human evolution humanity , abiogenesis life , and Big Bang the universe . ref See harvnb Hovind 2006 for example. ref The dispute is between those who, Before changing or editing this statement, please use the talk page to discuss despite contrary evidence for evolution evidence , explain the evidence within creationism based upon their religious belief s, versus those who accept modern evolution evolutionary biology , geology and cosmology , as supported by metaphysical naturalism naturalism . The dispute particularly involves the field of evolutionary biology , but also the fields of geology , palaeontology , and cosmology . sfn Isaak 2006 Though also present in Europe and elsewhere, ref name Science Feb09 harvnb Curry 2009 p 1159 News coverage of the creationism versus evolution debate tends to focus on the United States But in the past 5 years, political clashes over the issue have also occurred in countries all across Europe. This isn t just an American problem, says Dittmar Graf of the Technical University of Dortmund, who organized the meeting. ref and often portrayed as part of the culture war s, ref harvnb Larson 2004 pages 247 263 . Chapter titled Modern Culture Wars . See also harvnb Ruse 1999 p 26 , who writes One thing that historians delighted in showing is that, contrary to the usually held tale of conflict thesis science and religion being always opposed religion and theologically inclined philosophy have frequently been very significant factors in the forward movement of science. ref this debate is most preval ... more details
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