Nuclear physics Positronemission or beta plus decay Beta particle sup sup decay is a particular type of radioactive decay, called beta decay , in which a proton is converted to a neutron , and it releases a positron and a neutrino . Isotope s which undergo this decay and thereby emit positrons include carbon 11 , Isotopes of potassium potassium 40 , nitrogen 13 , Isotopes of oxygen oxygen 15 , fluorine 18 , and Isotopes of iodine iodine 121 . As an example, the following equation describes the beta plus decay of carbon 11 to boron 11, emitting a positron and a neutrino Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.12 User SkyLined Phykiformulae C 11 B 11 e ve 0.96 MeV border 0 style height 2em Nuclide Link carbon 11 Nuclide Link boron 11 SubatomicParticle link yes Positron SubatomicParticle link yes Electron Neutrino 0.96 electron volt MeV Inside protons and neutrons, there are fundamental particles called quark s. The two most common types of quarks are up quarks, which have a charge of sup 2 sup sub 3 sub and down quarks, with a sup 1 sup .... It is this that causes beta radiation. Positronemission happens when an up quark changes into a down quark. These isotopes are used in positronemission tomography , a technique used for medical ... by positronemission. Nuclei which decay by positronemission may also decay by electron capture . For low ... MeV, since the final state has an electron removed rather than a positron added. As the energy of the decay goes up, so does the branching ratio towards positronemission. However, if the energy difference is less than 2 m sub e sub c sup 2 sup , then positronemission cannot occur and electron ... for positronemission. External links Image Ndslivechart.png http www nds.iaea.org livechart The LIVEChart of Nuclides IAEA with filter on sup sup decay nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT PositronEmission ... ast Emisi n de positrones ca Emissi de positrons ko ms Pemancaran positron ja ... more details
Diagnostic infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 CH3 ICD9 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes Positronemission mammography is a modality used to detect breast cancer . ref cite journal doi 10.2967 jnumed.109.064345 pmid 19759118 pmc 2873041 volume 50 issue 10 title Clinical imaging characteristics of the positronemission mammography camera PEM Flex Solo II year 2009 month October journal J. Nucl. Med. pages 1666 75 ref It is approved for patients with a history of breast cancer . ref name TartarComstock2008 cite book last1 Tartar first1 Marie last2 Comstock first2 Christopher E. last3 Kipper first3 Michael S. title Breast cancer imaging a multidisciplinary, multimodality approach url http books.google.com books?id 7VRF2Vvb4 UC&pg PA88 accessdate 18 July 2011 year 2008 publisher Elsevier Health Sciences isbn 9780323046770 pages 88 ref References reflist NCI cancer dict Category 2d nuclear medical imaging Category Breast imaging Category Cancer screening Oncology stub Breast procedures Medical imaging ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PositronEmission Tomography Image Caption ICD10 C?3 ICD9 ICD9proc 92.0 ICD9proc ... Image of a typical positronemission tomography PET facility File 16slicePETCT.jpg thumb 250px ... Positronemission tomography PET ref cite book title PositronEmission Tomography Basic Sciences last ... ?SGWID 0 102 24 0 0&searchType EASY CDA&queryText PositronEmission Tomography 3A Basic Sciences ... and others at Washington University School of Medicine . ref cite journal title A positronemission ... acquisition process As the radioisotope undergoes positronemission decay also known as positive beta ... in April 2009 a 9.4 Tesla unit tesla magnetic resonance tomograph MRT combined with a positronemission ... tumour response using 18F fluorodeoxyglucose and positronemission tomography review and 1999 EORTC ... coincidence event represents a line in space connecting the two detectors along which the positronemission ... positronemission tomography computed tomography 18 F DOPA PET CT for detecting pheochromocytoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. Oct 28 2009 ref Neuroimaging main Brain positronemission tomography ... of radiofluorinated 6 dialkylamino 2 naphthylethylidene derivatives as positronemission ... T derivative for positronemission tomography PET imaging of amyloid in brain author C. A. Mathis ... chemical process ... may increase the utility of positronemission tomography PET in creating Real time ... of transplanted islets using positronemission tomography PET a protocol , Nature Protocols, from ... podcast Podcast http www.np.ph.bham.ac.uk pic pept.htm PositronEmission Particle Tracking PEPT engineering ... in the body. The system detects pairs of gamma ray s emitted indirectly by a positron emitting radionuclide ... other types of molecules of interest. History The concept of emission and transmission tomography was introduced ... of annihilation radiation for medical imaging. ref cite journal title Localization of brain tumors with positron ... most responsible for the acceptance of positron imaging was the development of radiopharmaceuticals ... more details
Diagnostic infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption PET scan of a normal 20 year old brain. ICD10 C030 ICD9 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes Positron emission tomography PET measures emissions from radioactively labeled metabolically active chemicals that have been injected into the bloodstream. The emission data are computer processed to produce multi dimensional images of the distribution of the chemicals throughout the brain. ref Lars Goran Nilsson and Hans J. Markowitsch 1999 . Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory . Seattle Hogrefe & Huber Publishers., page 57 ref Process The positron emitting radioisotope s used are usually produced by a cyclotron , and chemicals are labeled with these radioactive atoms. The labeled compound, called a radiotracer , is injected into the bloodstream and eventually makes its way to the brain through blood circulation. Detectors in the PET scanner detect the radioactivity as the compound accumulates in various regions of the brain. A computer uses the data gathered by the detectors to create multi dimensional normally 3 dimensional volumetric or 4 dimensional time varying images that show the distribution of the radiotracer in the brain. Especially useful are a wide array of ligands used to map different aspects of neurotransmitter activity, with by far the most commonly used PET tracer being a labeled form of glucose see Fluorodeoxyglucose 18F FDG . Advantages and disadvantages The greatest benefit of PET scanning is that different compounds can show blood flow and oxygen and glucose metabolism in the tissues of the working brain. These measurements reflect the amount of brain activity in the various regions of the brain and allow to learn more about how the brain works. PET scans were superior to all other metabolic imaging methods in terms of resolution and speed of completion as little as 30 seconds , when they first became available. The improved resolution permitted better study to be made as to the area of the brain activated by a particular ... more details
electron positron annihilation . Positrons may be generated by positronemission radioactive decay ... and to search for new kinds of particles. Gamma rays, emitted indirectly by a positron emitting radionuclide tracer , are detected in positronemission tomography PET scanners used in hospitals ..., or even voids, within a solid material. ref cite web title Introduction to Positron Research url http www.stolaf.edu academics positron intro.htm work St. Olaf College ref See also Beta particle Radioactive decay List of particles Positronemission tomography Positronium Proton Positronic brain ...Other uses Positron disambiguation Infobox Particle bgcolour name Positron antielectron image File PositronDiscovery.jpg 200px caption Cloud chamber photograph by C.D. Anderson of the first positron ever identified. A 6 mm lead plate separates the upper half of the chamber from the lower half. The positron ... Beta , SubatomicParticle Positron mass val 9.10938215 45 e 31 u kg ref name CODATA br ... CODATA color charge spin frac 1 2 num spin states The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron . The positron has an electric charge of 1e, a spin physics spin of , and has the same mass as an electron. When a low energy positron collides with a low ... Antimatter Dmitri Skobeltsyn first observed the positron in 1929. ref cite book author Frank ... Springer isbn 978 0387951751 ref Carl D. Anderson discovered the positron on August 2, 1932, ref ... 21 ref Anderson also coined the term positron . The positron was the first evidence of antimatter ... charge. The ion trail left by each positron appeared on the photographic plate with a curvature ... was positive. citation needed date August 2011 Anderson wrote in retrospect that the positron could ... Springer year 2006 isbn 0387323023 pages 2 3 ref An experimental tool called positron annihilation ... is a Positron? from the Frequently Asked Questions Center for Antimatter Matter Studies http discover.positron.edu.au ... more details
A positron is an elementary particle of antimatter . Positron may also refer to Positron , a 1993 trance track by Cygnus X Positron bicycle shifting system from Shimano Positron City of Heroes , the comic video game character Positronemission , the radioactive decay Positronic brain , the fictional device conceived by Isaac Asimov Positron Public Safety Systems , a manufacturer of Enhanced 9 1 1 Telephone Systems Positron Records , the Chicago based independent record label Positron video game , the 1983 video game published by Micro Power Disambig ... more details
wiktionary emission emissions Emission may refer to Flue gas , also Exhaust gas , flue gas occurring as a result of the combustion of a fuel Emission of Air pollution air pollutant s Greenhouse gas Greenhouse gas emissions Emission of greenhouse gases , a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range Emission electromagnetic radiation , the process by which the energy of a photon is released by another entity Emission radiocommunications , the radio signal usually modulated emitted from a radio transmitter Emission coefficient , a coefficient in the power output per unit time of an electromagnetic source Emission factor Emission line , or spectral line , a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum Emission nebula , a cloud of ionized gas emitting light of various colors Emission spectroscopy , photoemission spectroscopy, flame emission spectroscopy and other types of spectroscopy Emission standard , requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment Emission theory , a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson Morley experiment Emission theory vision , the proposal that visual perception is accomplished by rays of light emitted by the eyes Emissions trading , a market based approach used to control pollution ... , the ejecting of semen from the penis also, specifically Nocturnal emission , ejaculation experienced during sleep Light emission Thermionic emission , the flow of charged particles called thermions ... Noise emission see Noise Exhalation , especially where the velocity of exhaled air can influence the harmonic ... See also Emissions control disambiguation disambiguation als Emission bg cs Emise da Emission de Emission fr mission lv Emisija lt Emisija nl Emissie ja no Emisjon nn Emisjon pl Emisja pt Emiss o rm Emissiun ru simple Emission sr fi Emissio sv Emission uk ... more details
Primarysources date December 2009 Notability companies date December 2009 infobox record label image Image Positron.gif 150px image bg black founded 1998 founder Chris Randall musician Chris Randall country United States of America U.S. location Chicago , Illinois genre Electronic music Electronic , Industrial rock url http www.positronrecords.com PositronRecords.com Positron Records is an independent record label based in Chicago , Illinois . The label was founded in 1998 in music 1998 by Chris Randall musician Chris Randall , frontman of the Industrial music industrial band Sister Machine Gun . Positron describes itself as an anti label because they release only a handful of albums and give as much support to each release as they can. ref http www.positronrecords.com posifaq.php Positron Records posiFAQ Bot generated title ref The label also features a Creative Commons licenses Creative Commons license for some of its albums, allowing individuals to upload those songs to peer to peer websites as well as Sampling music sample parts of those songs for private or commercial usage. ref http www.positronrecords.com cc index.php Positron Records Creative Commons Bot generated title ref Artists The Atomica Project Bizarbies Bounte Eco Hed Chris Randall musician Chris Randall under his own name and also as Micronaut S. Sturgis Scanalyzer Sister Machine Gun and spin off Amish Rake Fight Matt Walker drummer Matt Walker as Beautiful Assassins and also Impossible Recording Machine Label compilations Komposi001 Komposi002 Komposi003 See also List of record labels External links http www.positronrecords.com Official site MySpace positronrecords Positron Records References reflist Category Record labels established in 1998 Category Industrial record labels Category Electronic music record labels Category American independent record labels Category Companies based in Chicago, Illinois ... more details
. Practical uses This process is the physical phenomenon relied on as the basis of PositronEmission Tomography PET and Positron annihilation spectroscopy PAS . It is also used as a method of measuring ...merge Annihilation discuss Talk Electron positron annihilation Merge with annihilation date December 2009 Image Annihilation.png thumb Naturally occurring electron positron annihilation as a result of beta plus decay Image Feynman EP Annihilation.svg thumb Feynman diagram Feynman Diagram of Electron Positron Annihilation Electron positron annihilation occurs when an electron SubatomicParticle Electron and a positron SubatomicParticle Positron , the electron s antiparticle collide. The result of the collision is the annihilation of the electron and positron, and the creation of gamma ray photon s or, at higher energies, other particles SubatomicParticle Electron SubatomicParticle Positron &rarr SubatomicParticle Photon SubatomicParticle Photon The process must satisfy a number of conservation law s, including Charge conservation Conservation of electric charge . The net electric charge charge before and after is zero. Conservation of momentum linear momentum and total energy . This forbids the creation of a single gamma ray. However, in quantum field theory this process is allowed see Annihilation Examples of annihilation examples of annihilation . Conservation of angular momentum . As with any two charged objects, electrons and positrons may also ... equal to the rest energy of the electron or positron val 511 u keV . ref cite journal author W.B. ... it. However, no other such particles are known. High energy case If either the electron or positron ... yet produced by electron positron annihilation in particle accelerator s are W boson SubatomicParticle ... positron creation, is a form of pair production governed by two photon physics . References reflist ... Electron Positron Annihilation Category Particle physics Category Nuclear medicine ar ... more details
one source date December 2010 Positron annihilation spectroscopy PAS ref Positrons in Solids, P. Hautojaervi, Topics in Current Physics 12 Springer Heidelberg 1979 ref or sometimes specifically referred to as Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy PALS is a non destructive spectroscopy technique to study voids and defects in solids. Condensed matter experiments The technique operates on the principle that a positron or positronium will annihilate through interaction with electrons. This annihilation releases gamma rays that can be detected the time between emission of positrons from a radioactive source and detection of gamma rays due to annihilation corresponds to the lifetime of positron or positronium. When positrons are injected into a solid body, they will interact in some manner with the electrons in that species. For solids containing free electrons such as metals or semiconductors , the implanted positrons will annihilate very rapidly unless voids such as vacancy defect s are present. If voids are available, positrons will reside in them and annihilate less rapidly than in the bulk of the material, on time scales up to 1 ns. For insulators such as polymers or zeolites , implanted positrons interact with electrons in the material to form positronium. Triplet positronium has a characteristic lifetime of 142 ns in vacuum in solids, this lifetime is reduced depending on the pore structure of the analyte similar to positrons, but on a larger size and time scale . Pore structure in insulators can be determined using the quantum mechanical Tao Eldrup model and extensions thereof. By changing the temperature at which a sample is analyzed, the pore structure can be fit to a model where positronium is confined in one, two, or three dimensions. However, interconnected ... pores. The experiment itself involves having a radioactive positron source often sup 22 sup Na ... stop signals are required , average positron or positronium lifetimes can be fit to a histogram ... more details
about the emission theory of relativity the emission theory of vision Emission theory vision Emission ... theory of relativity , explaining the results of the Michelson Morley experiment . Emission theories ... Fox, J. G. title Evidence Against Emission Theories journal American Journal of Physics volume 33 issue ... with emission theory is Isaac Newton . In his Corpuscular theory Newton visualized light corpuscles ... of relativity the constancy of the speed of light in all inertial frames . So different types of emission ... Tolman first Richard Chace title s Some Emission Theories of Light Some Emission Theories of Light ... complete emission theory. ref Citation author Ritz, Walter year 1908 title Recherches critiques ... last Stewart first Oscar M. title The Second Postulate of Relativity and the Electromagnetic Emission ... Dispersion and absorption Extinction i.e., absorption, scattering, and emission of light within the traversed ... Albert Einstein is supposed to have worked on his own emission theory before abandoning it in favor ... that Ritz theory had been very bad in places and that he himself had eventually discarded emission theory ..., Alberto A. journal Physics in Perspective title Ritz, Einstein, and the Emission Hypothesis ... . Refutations of emission theory The following scheme was introduced by de Sitter ref name des to test emission theories math c c pm kv , math where c is the speed of light, v that of the source, c the resultant ... values between 0 and 1. According to special relativity and the stationary aether, k 0, while emission ... emission theories. Astronomical sources File SitterKonstanz.png thumb de Sitter s double star argument ... effect behavior, and this was considered the death knell for Ritzian theory and emission theory ... 9 math . ref name brech Hans Thirring argued in 1926, that an atom which is accelerated during the emission ... of photons traveling in opposite direction, which were produced by positron annihilation. ref cite ... ark 12148 bpt6k31103.image.f1410 ref The predictions of Ritz s version of emission theory were ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A spurious emission is any radio frequency not deliberately created or transmitted, especially in a device which normally does create other frequencies. A harmonic or other signal outside a transmitter s assigned channel would be considered a spurious emission. From ITU, 1.145 Spurious emissionEmission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products but exclude out of band emissions. DEFAULTSORT Spurious Emission Category Radio technology ja Telecomm stub ... more details
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic ... to a lower energy state. Each element s emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances. Emission In physics , emission is the process ... one through the emission of a photon , resulting in the production of light . The frequency of light ... of the object through the Stefan Boltzmann law . For most substances, the amount of emission ... of color temperature and emission lines . Precise measurements at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via emission spectroscopy . Emission of radiation is typically ... in energy between the two states. These emitted photons form the element s emission spectrum. The fact that only certain colors appear in an element s atomic emission spectrum means that only ... by the atom. The principle of the atomic emission spectrum explains the varied colors in neon ... Emission spectrum H.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Hydrogen File Emission spectrum Fe.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Iron Radiation from molecules As well as the electronic transitions .... Emission spectroscopy Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. Therefore ... of energy. The emission spectrum can be used to determine the composition of a material, since it is different ... identifying the composition of star s by analysing the received light. The emission spectrum ... emission spectrum. Not all lights emitted by the spectrum are viewable to the naked eye, it also includes ultra violet rays and infra red lighting, an emission is formed when an excited gas is viewed ... emissionEmission spectroscopy is a spectroscopy spectroscopic technique which examines the wavelengths ... can be determined. Emission spectroscopy developed in the late 19th century and efforts in theoretical ... more details
In atomic physics , exoelectron emission EE is a weak electron emission, appearing only from pretreated irradiated, deformed etc objects. ref name Oster1999 citation last Oster first L. year 1999 title Classification of Exoelectron Emission Mechanisms journal Phys. Status Solidi A volume 174 issue 2 pages 431 doi 10.1002 SICI 1521 396X 199908 174 2 431 AID PSSA431 3.0.CO 2 Z last2 Yaskolko first2 V. last3 Haddad first3 J. bibcode 1999PSSAR.174..431O ref ref name Gerasimov1976 citation last Gerasimov first A. B. year 1976 title On the physical mechanism of exoelectron emission journal Phys. Status Solidi A volume 35 issue 2 pages K131 doi 10.1002 pssa.2210350256 last2 Dolidze first2 G. M. last3 Mizandari first3 L. A. last4 Tsertsvadze first4 A. A. bibcode 1976PSSAR..35..131G ref The pretreatment excitation turns the objects into an unequilibrial state. EE accompanies the relaxation of these unequilibria. The relaxation can be stimulated e.g. by slight heating or longwave illumination, not causing emission from untreated samples. Accordingly, thermo and photostimulated EE TSEE, PSEE are distinguished. Thus, EE is an electron emission analogue of such optical phenomena as phosphorescence , thermo and photostimulated luminescence . References Reflist Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics nuclear stub ... more details
Proton emission also known as proton radioactivity is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a atomic nucleus nucleus . Image Zerfallsschema.png left thumb 300px The decay of a proton rich nucleus A populates excited states of a daughter nucleus B by emission or electron capture EC . Those excited states that lie below the separation energy for protons Sp decay by emission towards the groundstate of daughter B. For the higher excited states a competitive decay channel of proton emission to the granddaughter C exists, called delayed proton emission. Proton emission can occur from high lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay , in which case the process is known as beta delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state or a low lying nuclear isomer isomer of very proton rich nuclei, in which case the process is very similar to alpha decay . For a proton to escape a nucleus, the proton separation energy must be negative the proton is therefore unbound, and Quantum tunneling tunnels out of the nucleus in a finite time. Proton emission is not seen in naturally occurring isotopes proton emitters can be produced via nuclear reaction s, usually utilising some kind of particle accelerator . Although prompt i.e. not beta delayed proton emission was observed from an isomer in Cobalt Isotopes Cobalt 53 as early as 1969, no other proton emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of Lutetium Isotopes Lutetium 151 and Thulium Isotopes Thulium 147 were observed at experiments at the Gesellschaft f r Schwerionenforschung GSI in West Germany. Citation needed date December 2007 Research in the field ... emission. The study of proton emission has aided the understanding of nuclear deformation, masses ... emission of two protons was observed from the nucleus Iron Isotopes Iron 45 in experiments at Gesellschaft ... Emission Categories Category Nuclear physics Category Radioactivity Interwiki de Protonenemission fr ... more details
Zero emission refers to an engine , electric motor motor , or other energy source, that emits no waste products that pollutes the environment or disrupts the climate. Zero emission engines Vehicles and other mobile machinery used for transport over land, sea, air, rail and for other uses agricultural, mobile power generation, etc. contribute heavily to climate change and pollution, so zero emission engines are an area of active research. These technologies almost in all cases include an Electric motor electric engine powered by an energy source compact enough to be installed in the vehicle. These sources include hydrogen fuel cell s, Traction battery batteries , supercapacitors , and flywheel energy storage devices. In some cases, such as Air engine compressed air engines , the engine may be mechanical rather than electrical. This mechanical engine is then powered by a passive energy source like compressed air , or a combustible non polluting gas like hydrogen . The above engines can be used in all vehicles, from cars to boats to propeller airplanes. For boats, energy sources such as nuclear power and Photovoltaics solar panels can also be a viable option, in addition to traditional sail s and turbosail s. A concept like vegetable oil economy produces emissions however, the only emissions are things that were first taken out of the atmosphere when the plants were growing. So there is no net emission. See also Air engine Carbon neutrality Zero emission project Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives Zero emissions vehicle References cite book last Dixon first Lloyd coauthors Isaac Porche, Jonathan Kulick title Driving Emissions to Zero Are the Benefits of California s Zero Emission Vehicle Program Worth the Costs? publisher RAND Corporation year 2002 isbn 0 8330 3212 7 External ... Description of what zero emission means Category Green vehicles Category Zero emissions vehicles Category Emission standards de Nullemission it Emissioni zero ja ... more details
Emission is the radiation or radio signal produced or emitted by a radio station radio transmitting station . ref ITU Radio Regulations , Volume 1, Article 1, Provision No. 1.138 Edition of 2008 ref References Reflist Category Radio terminology radio comm stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 context October 2009 Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy is a technique in material science used for studying the types and concentrations of atom ic sized defects in materials. Positron Sources Typically positron s are produced through Beta Decay . A typical source would be Sodium sup 22 sup Na, sodium 22 . Positron Behaviour in Materials Typically positron s will thermalize, slow down, very quickly in a material. This means that they barely penetrate the surface of most materials. After thermalization, the positron will diffuse around the material, interacting with any defects, Electromagnetism electromagnetic distortions or potential well s, they encounter. This may result in a change of the positron s state, collapsing its wave function and reducing the instantaneous chance of electron positron annihilation . This will change the characteristic lifetime in some ways similar to mean lifetime of the positron, which affects the lifetime spectra produced in experiment. Simulation Recently a program named SimPL has been produced at the University of Prince Edward Island , Prince Edward Island PEI , Canada , which attempts to simulate the positron interaction and model the output spectra. See also Positron Physics footer Category Materials science ... more details
Nasal emission is the abnormal passing of oral air through a palatal cleft , or from some other type of Velopharyngeal inadequacy velopharyngeal inadequacy VPI , during the production of a consonant that requires a buildup of oral air pressure for proper pronunciation , such as p or s . The escaping air tends to reduce the oral air pressure and impede the proper production of the consonant. Secondary effects sometimes noted with nasal emission are the development of improper compensatory pronunciation habits, including using a very soft voice that uses less breath pressure. Nasal emission can be detected by a number of simple techniques, such as looking for the fogging of a mirror held under the nares ref http www.asha.org about publications leader online archives 2006 060207 060207c.htm Kummer, A. W. 2006, Feb. 7 . Resonance disorders and nasal emission Evaluation and treatment using low tech and no tech procedures. The ASHA Leader, 11 2 , 4, 26. ref or measured more definitively by means of a nasal pneumotachograph, as in the http www.microtronics nc.com Perci sar.htm Perci Sar system or the http www.glottal.com Products NVS.htm NE2 NEM system system from http www.glottal.com Glottal Enterprises . The measurement of nasal emission in consonants is linked with the measurement of nasalance in vowels under the term nasometry . See also Nasalization Nasalance nasometry http www.microtronics nc.com Perci sar.htm Perci Sar http www.glottal.com Products NVS.htm Glottal Enterprises NVS System References references Category Nose Category Phonetics Category Speech impediments ... more details
Nebula NGC 3372. Emission nebulae often have dark areas in them which result from interstellar medium ... and emission components such as the Trifid Nebula . References Reflist Category Nebulae Category Emission nebulae ar ca Nebulosa d emissi cs Emisn mlhovina de Emissionsnebel el ... Mg awica emisyjna pt Nebulosa de emiss o ru simple Emission nebula sk Emisn ... more details
Orphan date March 2009 Infobox Software name Nepal eMission logo screenshot caption Typical Connect meeting with discussion series of pods displayed developer Nepal Software Inc. Borgarnes , Iceland latest release version latest release date operating system Microsoft Windows genre Screencast , Video capture , Streaming media license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.emission.is Nepal eMission software homepage Nepal eMission is a software from Nepal Software, Borgarnes , Iceland , used to record lectures and seminars . The software is primary made for Education educators in all levels ref http www.emission.is Nepal eMission software homepage ref . Technology Nepal eMission is built with .NET Framework Microsoft .NET Framework , and based on Windows Media Microsoft Windows Media framework ref cite web url http www.nepal.is default.asp?sid id 6094&tre rod 003 &tId 1 title Nepal vefumsj n ref . Main functions is to record computer screen with speech from a microphone, connected to computer. You can also record video, if you connect a Webcam or Video camera to your computer. Built in function is also possibility to upload your movie to a Microsoft Media Server , and automatically publish a link to the movie in for example a Learning management system Learning Management System . Nepal eMission is also a Media player application software media player built with Microsoft Silverlight Microsoft Silverlight technology , for play these movie, uploaded on Microsoft Media Server . References references See also List of screencasting software Category Multimedia Category Screencasting software Category Microsoft Windows multimedia technology Category Podcasting software ... more details
Emission standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount of Air pollution pollutants ... monoxide CO , or volatile hydrocarbon s see carbon dioxide equivalent . Vehicle Emission performance standard Ref improve section date January 2009 An emission performance standard is a limit that sets thresholds above which a different type of emission control technology might be needed. While emission performance standards have been used to dictate limits for conventional pollutants such as oxides ... CO sub 2 sub MWhr elsewhere. Americas Expand section date June 2008 USA Main United States emission ... Air Quality Standards . Europe European Union Main European emission standards The European Union has ... Parliament has suggested introducing mandatory CO sub 2 sub emission standards ref name Parl ... regulating CO sub 2 sub emissions from electricity generation via emission performance standards .... China s State Environmental Protection Administration SEPA upgraded emission controls again on July ... 07 07 content 346332.htm title China to adopt auto emission standard equal to Euro III in 2008 publisher Chinadaily.com.cn date 2004 07 07 accessdate 2011 02 02 ref More stringent emission standard, National ... web url http english.cri.cn 2946 2007 07 02 176 244647.htm title China Launches Tougher Auto Emission ... Stage emission standards Background The first Indian emission regulations were idle emission limits which became effective in 1989. These idle emission regulations were soon replaced by mass emission .... Since the year 2000, India started adopting European emission and fuel regulations for four wheeled light duty and for heavy dc. Indian own emission regulations still apply to two and three wheeled ... 2 4 emission and fuel regulations by 2010. The implementation schedule of EU emission standards in India is summarized in Table 1. ref cite web url http www.siamindia.com scripts emission standards.aspx title Vehicular Technology in India & 124 Emission Norms publisher SIAM India date accessdate 2011 ... more details
Secondary emission in physics is a phenomenon where primary incident particles of sufficient energy , when hitting a surface or passing through some material, induce the emission of secondary particles. The primary particles are often charged particle s like electron s or ion s. If the secondary particles are electrons, the effect is termed secondary electrons secondary electron emission. ref R. Kollath, Secondary electron emission of solids irradiated by electrons, Encyclopedia of Physics ed. S. Fl gge Vol. 21, p. 232 303 1956, in German ref In this case, the number of secondary electrons emitted per incident particle is called secondary emission yield . If the secondary particles are ions, the effect is termed secondary ion emission. Applications Secondary emissive materials Most common used secondary emissive materials include alkali antimonide, beryllium oxide BeO , magnesium oxide MgO , gallium phosphide GaP , gallium arsenide phosphide GaAsP , lead oxide PbO , etc. Photo multipliers and similar devices Secondary emission is a phenomenon where additional electrons, called secondary electrons, are emitted from the surface of a material when an incident particle often, charged particle ... electrons emitted per incident particle is called secondary emission yield. The effect can also be exploited ... electrons from its surface through secondary emission. These new electrons are then accelerated ... emission to store bits on the tube face. Another random access computer memory tube based on secondary emission was the Selectron tube . Both were made obsolete by the invention of magnetic core memory . Undesirable effects Secondary emission can be undesirable such as in the tetrode thermionic ... sufficiently to cause secondary emission at the anode Plate electrode plate . This can give rise to excessive ... early types with anodes not treated to reduce secondary emission, exhibiting a negative resistance ... footer DEFAULTSORT Secondary Emission Category Condensed matter physics Category Vacuum tubes ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 Band Emission, is the fraction of the total emission from a blackbody that is in a certain wavelength interval or band. For a prescribed temperature, T and the spectral interval from 0 to , is the ratio of the total emissive power of a black body from 0 to to the total emissive power over the entire spectrum. math F 0, lambda frac int 0 lambda E lambda,b d lambda int 0 infty E lambda,b d lambda frac int 0 lambda E lambda,b d lambda sigma T 4 int 0 lambda T frac E lambda,b sigma T 5 d lambda T f lambda T math See also Spectral bands Category Spectroscopy physics stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Emission Phase Type studio Artist Detonation band Detonation Cover Emission Phase.jpg Released April 30, 2007 Recorded January, 2007 Genre Melodic death metal Length 49 22 Label Osmose Productions Producer Jochem Jacobs br Bouke Visser Reviews Last album Portals to Uphobia br 2005 This album Emission Phase br 2007 Next album Emission Phase is the third full length studio album by the band Detonation band Detonation and was released by the France French label Osmose Productions . The artwork was made by http www.elirankantor.com index.php?page detonation Eliran Kantor . Track listing Invoking the Impact 4 07 When Stone Turns to Ash 4 53 Craven Ablaze 4 14 Chokedamp 5 34 Defects of the Isolated Mind 4 17 Modulate 3 54 Into the Emission Phase 5 30 Infected 3 52 2nd Sun Ascending instrumental 1 57 Soul Severance 3 53 Reborn from the Radiance 4 38 Fallout instrumental 2 33 Credits Band members Koen Romeijn Death growl Vocals , Electric guitar Guitar Mike Ferguson Electric guitar Guitar Thomas Kalksma Drum kit Drums Otto Schimmelpenninck Bass guitar Other http www.elirankantor.com index.php?page detonation Eliran Kantor Album cover Cover Artwork Category Detonation albums Category 2007 albums 2000s death metal album stub ... more details
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