wiktionarypar predictorPredictor may refer to a predictor variable, also known as an Dependent and independent variables independent variable the Kerrison Predictor , a military fire control computer something which makes a prediction a branch predictor , a part of many modern processors a type of railway level crossing circuit that tries to achieve a constant warning time by predicting the speed of the approaching train See also Prediction disambiguation Predictand disambig ru pl Zmienna niezale na ... more details
distinguish Branch predication In computer architecture , a branch predictor is a Digital electronics ... predictor is to improve the flow in the instruction pipeline . Branch predictors are crucial in today .... The branch predictor attempts to avoid this waste of time by trying to guess whether ... for a good branch predictor. The first time a conditional jump instruction is encountered, there is not much information to base a prediction on. But the branch predictor keeps records of whether branches ... before then it can base the prediction on the history. The branch predictor may, for example, recognize ... prediction is not the same as Branch target predictor branch target prediction . Branch prediction ... line of instructions with a pointer to the next line. This next line predictor handles branch target predictor branch target prediction as well as branch direction prediction. When a next line predictor ..., even for a single cycle next line predictor. Saturating counter A saturating counter or bimodal predictor is a state machine with four states Image Branch prediction 2bit saturating counter dia.svg ... Research Lab WRL Technical Report, TN 36, 1993 ref The predictor table is indexed with the instruction ... before the instruction is decoded. Two level adaptive predictor Image Two level branch prediction.svg 420px thumb right Figure 3 Two level adaptive branch predictor. Every entry in the pattern history ... by the saturating counter. A two level adaptive predictor remembers the history of the last n occurrences ... consecutive ones. The general rule for a two level adaptive predictor with an n bit history is that it can .... ref name Fog Microarchitecture The advantage of the two level adaptive predictor is that it can ... prediction A local branch predictor has a separate history buffer for each conditional jump instruction. It may use a two level adaptive predictor. The history buffer is separate for each conditional ... 8 ref Global branch prediction A global branch predictor does not keep a separate history record ... more details
weapon in the Blitzkrieg . The Kerrison Predictor was a relatively simple device compared ... Admiralty. The Predictor solved the problem by doing all of the calculations mechanically through ... target speed. Some of these inputs were fed in via dials, which turned gearing inside the Predictor ... of the otherwise unmodified Bofors gun, allowing it to follow the predictor s indications automatically ... had to point the Predictor, mounted on a large tripod , at the target. The Kerrison predictor did ... to work, were contact fused. The Predictor proved to be able to hit practically anything that flew ... for almost all light metals and machinists, the Predictor was far too difficult for the Army to produce in any quantity. While the Predictor proved to be an excellent addition to the Bofors, it was not without ... Stick sights that were introduced in late 1943. The No.7 anti aircraft composite predictor, also ... with Kerrison Predictors for testing. During testing the Kerrison Predictor provided accurate fire ... 1940, the Ordnance Department standardized the Kerrison Predictor for use with the 37 mm gun ... the Bofors for the British under the Lend Lease Program. The Predictor s plans were passed to Sperry ... Predictor proved lacking by the end. Nevertheless, the Predictor demonstrated that effective ... more details
The Smith predictor invented by Otto J. M. Smith O. J. M. Smith in 1957 is a type of predictive Controller control theory controller for systems with pure time delay. The idea can be illustrated as follows. Suppose the plant consists of math G z math followed by a pure time delay math z k math . As a first step, suppose we only consider math G z math the plant without a delay and design a controller math C z math with a closed loop transfer function math H z frac C z G z 1 C z G z math that we consider satisfactory. Next, our objective is to design a controller math bar C z math for the plant math G z z k math so that the closed loop transfer function math bar H z math equals math H z z k math . Solving math frac bar C G z k 1 bar C G z k z k frac C G 1 C G math , we obtain math bar C frac C 1 CG 1 z k math . The controller is implemented as shown in the following figure, where math G z math has been changed to math hat G z math to indicate that it is a model used by the controller. Image Smith predictor 1.svg Note that there are two feedback loops. The outer control loop feeds the output back to the input, as usual. However, this loop alone would not provide satisfactory control, because of the delay this loop is feeding back outdated information. Intuitively, for the k seconds during which no fresh information is available, the system is controlled by the inner loop which contains a predictor of what the unobservable output of the plant G currently is. To check that this works, a re arrangement can be made as follows Image Smith predictor 2.svg Here we can see that if the model used in the controller, math hat G z z k math , matches the plant math G z z k math perfectly, then the outer and middle feedback loops cancel each other, and the controller generates the correct control action. References K. Warwick and D. Rees, Industrial Digital Control Systems , IET, 1988. http books.google.com books?id 4dURB2NTstAC&pg PA100&dq 22smith predictor 22 inauthor warwick&lr &as brr ... more details
Mehrotra s predictor corrector method in Optimization mathematics optimization is an implementation of interior point method s. It was proposed in 1989 by Sanjay Mehrotra . ref cite journal last Mehrotra first S. title On the implementation of a primal dual interior point method journal SIAM Journal on Optimization volume 2 year 1992 issue 4 pages 575 601 doi 10.1137 0802028 ref The method is based on the fact that at each iteration of an interior point algorithm it is necessary to compute the Cholesky decomposition factorization of a large matrix to find the search direction. The factorization step is the most computationally expensive step in the algorithm. Therefore it makes sense to use the same decomposition more than once before recomputing it. At each iteration of the algorithm, Mehrotra s predictor corrector method uses the same Cholesky decomposition to find two different directions a predictor and a corrector. The idea is to first compute an optimizing search direction based on a first order term predictor . The step size that can be taken in this direction is used to evaluate how much centrality correction is needed. Then, a corrector term is computed this contains both a centrality term and a second order term. The complete search direction is the sum of the predictor direction and the corrector direction. Although there is no theoretical complexity bound on it yet, Mehrotra s predictor corrector method is widely used in practice. ref In 1989, Mehrotra described a practical algorithm for linear programming that remains the basis of most current software his work appeared in 1992. p cite journal last Potra first Florian A. coauthors Stephen J. Wright title Interior point methods journal Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics volume 124 year 2000 issue 1 2 pages 281 302 doi 10.1016 S0377 0427 00 00433 7 ref Its corrector step uses the same Cholesky decomposition found during the predictor step in an effective way, and thus it is only marginally more ... more details
Merge Grade crossing signals date July 2010 A grade crossing predictor is an electronic device which is connected to the rails of a railroad track, and activates the crossing s Grade crossing signals warning devices lights, bells, gates, etc. at a consistent interval prior to the arrival of a train at a grade crossing . ref name WRSA cite web title Grade Crossing Predictors url wrsa.com.au DEPT Marketing common ...nsf ... Datasheet 209G 2.pdf work Marketing Brochure publisher WRSA accessdate 12 August 2011 ref History First developed in concept by the SRI International Stanford Research Institute in the late 1950s at the request of the Southern Pacific Company the Southern Pacific Railroad , now merged into the Union Pacific Railroad , the design goal of the grade crossing predictor was to provide a consistent warning time for trains approaching a grade crossing. Previously, the circuits used for activating a crossing s warning devices were very simple, and activated them whenever a train came within a fixed distance hundreds or thousands of feet of the crossing. This method required that the crossing be designed to accommodate a train approaching at the track speed limit, which leads to a longer warning times for trains approaching the crossing at lower speeds. Very slow trains could have many minutes of warning time, thus delaying highway traffic unnecessarily. Technology All ... as a train approaches the point at which the predictor is connected to the rails the feedpoint . A railroad ... this calculation, but modern equipment uses digital microprocessor s. Implementation A predictor includes a short island track which just covers the width of the level crossing. A predictor circuit .... This assumes that there are no ordinary track circuits for block signalling purposes. Two predictor circuits may overlap, with tuned circuits used for one predictor to jump over the over. The tuned loops would be a dead short for one predictor, and a open circuit for the other. Legal Many states in the US ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 In computer architecture , a branch target predictor is the part of a processor that predicts the target of a taken conditional branch or an unconditional branch instruction before the target of the branch instruction is computed by the execution unit of the processor. Branch target prediction is not the same as branch prediction . Branch prediction attempts to guess whether a conditional branch will be taken or not taken i.e., sequential . In more parallel processor designs, as the instruction cache latency grows longer and the fetch width grows wider, branch target extraction becomes a bottleneck. The recurrence is Instruction cache fetches block of instructions Instructions in block are scanned to identify branches First predicted taken branch is identified Target of that branch is computed Instruction fetch restarts at branch target In machines where this recurrence takes two cycles, the machine loses one full cycle of fetch after every predicted taken branch. As predicted branches happen every 10 instructions or so, this can force a substantial drop in fetch bandwidth. Some machines with longer instruction cache latencies would have an even larger loss. To ameliorate the loss, some machines implement branch target prediction given the address of a branch, they predict the target of that branch. A refinement of the idea predicts the start of a sequential run of instructions given the address of the start of the previous sequential run of instructions. This predictor reduces the recurrence above to Hash the address of the first instruction in a run Fetch the prediction for the addresses of the targets of branches in that run of instructions Select the address corresponding to the branch predicted taken As the predictor RAM can be 5 10 of the size of the instruction cache, the fetch happens much faster than the instruction cache fetch, and so ... target predictor ja tr Dallanma hedef belle i ... more details
In mathematics , particularly numerical analysis , a predictor corrector method is an algorithm that proceeds in two steps. First, the prediction step calculates a rough approximation of the desired quantity. Second, the corrector step refines the initial approximation using another means. TOC Example In approximating the solution to a first order ordinary differential equation , suppose one knows the solution points math y 0 math and math y 1 math at times math t 0 math and math t 1 math . By fitting a cubic polynomial to the points and their derivatives obtained from the differential equation , one can predict a point math tilde y 2 math by Extrapolation extrapolating to a future time math t 2 math . Using the new value math tilde y 2 math and its derivative there, math tilde y 2 math along with the previous points and their derivatives, one can then better Interpolation interpolate the derivative between math t 1 math and math t 2 math to get a better approximation math y 2 math . The interpolation and subsequent integration of the differential equation constitute the corrector step. Euler trapezoidal example Example of an Euler trapezoidal predictor corrector method. In this example math h Delta t math , math t i 1 t i Delta t t i h math math y f t,y , quad y t 0 y 0. math First calculate an initial guess value math tilde y 0 math via the Euler method math tilde y 0 y i h f t i,y i math Next, improve the initial guess through iteration of the trapezoidal rule differential equations trapezoidal rule . This iteration process normally converges quickly. math begin align tilde ... Beeman s algorithm Heun s method Mehrotra predictor corrector method Numerical continuation References .... Multistep, Multivalue, and Predictor Corrector Methods chapter url http apps.nrbook.com empanel index.html pg 942 External links MathWorld title Predictor Corrector Methods urlname Predictor Corrector Methods http www.fisica.uniud.it ercolessi md md node22.html Predictor corrector methods for differential ... more details
Unsourced date April 2012 In statistics and in machine learning , a linear predictor function is a linear function linear combination of a set of coefficients and explanatory variables independent variable s , whose value is used to predict the outcome of a dependent variable . Functions of this sort are standard in linear regression , where the coefficients are termed regression coefficient s. However, they also occur in various types of linear classifier s e.g. logistic regression , perceptron s, support vector machine s, and linear discriminant analysis , as well as in various other models, such as principal component analysis and factor analysis . In many of these models, the coefficients are referred to as weights . Basic form The basic form of a linear predictor function math f i math for data point i consisting of p explanatory variables , for i 1, ..., n , is math f i beta 0 beta 1 x i1 cdots beta p x ip , math where math beta 0, ldots, beta p math are the coefficients regression coefficients, weights, etc. indicating the relative effect of a particular explanatory variable on the outcome. It is common to write the predictor function in a more compact form as follows The coefficients sub 0 sub , sub 1 sub , ..., sub p sub are grouped into a single vector of size p 1. For each data point i , an additional explanatory pseudo variable x sub i 0 sub is added ... predictor function as follows math f i boldsymbol beta cdot mathbf x i math using the notation for a dot ... of such a linear predictor function is in linear regression , where each data point is associated ... relationship between the dependent variable and predictor function. Stacking In some models ... uses a linear predictor function to fit an arbitrary degree polynomial relationship up to a given ... x phi 1 x , phi 2 x , ldots, phi p x x, x 2, ldots, x p . math This example shows that a linear predictor ... variables in a linear predictor function are so powerful that even the nearest neighbor method can ... more details
BHR may refer to flagicon BHR Bahrain using ISO 3166 1 alpha 3 country code Bronchial hyperresponsiveness hip resurfacing Birmingham Hip Resurfacing Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain Branch predictor Two level adaptive predictor branch history register disambig de BHR eo BHR fr BHR it BHR lt BHR ... more details
The positive replication error phenotype RER defines a subgroup of tumors that have been documented well in Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC . More recently, this phenotype also has been described in breast carcinoma and is a predictor of metastases . ref http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 15484040 ref Reflist Category Oncology ... more details
In statistics , a proper linear model is a linear regression model in which the weights given to the predictor Variable mathematics variables are chosen in such a way as to optimize the relationship between the prediction and the criterion. Simple regression analysis is the most common example of a proper linear model. Unit weighted regression is the most common example of an improper linear model . Bibliography Dawes, R. M. 1979 . The robust beauty of improper linear models in decision making. American Psychologist, 34, 571&ndash 582. refend Category Regression analysis Statistics stub ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 unreferenced date July 2011 Competition ChIP is variant of the Chip Sequencing protocol, used to measure relative binding dynamics of a transcription factor TF on DNA. Since TF occupancy measures are thought to be a poor predictor of TF function at a given locus, Competition ChIP is much more strongly linked to function than occupancy. The technique was originally developed in Jason D. Lieb s Lab in 2011. References Reflist Category Protein methods Category Molecular biology techniques ... more details
side. fact date March 2012 The problem A person is playing a game operated by the Predictor ... nature of the Predictor varies between retellings of the paradox. Some assume that the character always has a reputation for being completely infallible and incapable of error others assume that the predictor has a very low error rate. The Predictor can be presented as a psychic , as a superintelligent ... says only that the Predictor s predictions are almost certainly correct, and also specifies that what ... the start of the game, the Predictor makes a prediction as to whether the player of the game will take just box B, or both boxes. If the Predictor predicts that both boxes will be taken, then box B will contain nothing. If the Predictor predicts that only box B will be taken, then box B will contain ... B contains either 0 or 1,000,000 before the game begins, and once the game begins even the Predictor ... contents are based on the Predictor s prediction, and knowledge of the Predictor s infallibility. The only information withheld from the player is what prediction the Predictor made, and thus what the contents ... of what prediction the Predictor has made, taking both boxes yields more money. That is, if the prediction ..., we can ignore the possibilities that return 0 and 1,001,000, as they both require that the Predictor has made an incorrect prediction, and the problem states that the Predictor is almost never wrong ... proposes a way of doing precisely this affecting a past event. The prediction of the Predictor establishes ... to the paradox. It is this Suppose that the omniscient predictor predicted the grade I ... the Predictor cannot actually exist. Others have suggested that an irrational person will do better ... will be causing effects in the past. Chooser s choice will have already caused Predictor s action ... . Put another way, the paradox presupposes a perfect predictor, implying the chooser is not free to choose ... Conditioning work arxiv math.ST 0608592 year 2006 ref Suppose we take the Predictor to be a machine ... more details
predict dependences. This predictor may delay loads longer than necessary and hence result ... loads only as long as it is necessary by predicting the exact store a load should wait for. This predictor predicts exact dependences store and load pair . The synonym predictor sup 4 sup groups together all dependences that share a common load or store instruction. The store sets sup 1 sup predictor ... may dependent upon. The store barrier sup 2 sup predictor treats certain store instructions as barriers .... The store barrier predictor does not explicitly predict dependences. This predictor may unnecessarily ... is analogous to branch predictor branch prediction for conditional branch instructions. In branch prediction, the branch predictor predicts which way the branch will resolve before it is known ... can be thought of as a two step process. First, the predictor determines the direction of the branch taken or not . This is a binary decision. Then, the predictor determines the actual target address. Similarly, memory dependence prediction can be thought of as a two step process. First, the predictor ... more details
for the selection. Second, continuous predictor variables are changed to standard score Z scores . Third, the predictors are added together the sum is called the variate. This variate is used as the predictor ... and applied them to a second sample. The outcome of interest was suicidal thinking, and the predictor ..., it is natural to look for the best predictor, the one with the highest beta weight. One previous study had found that early use of alcohol was the best predictor. Another study had found that alienation from parents was the best predictor. Still another study had found that a low grades in school was the best predictor. The failure to replicate was clearly a problem, a problem that could ... for the best predictor, they looked at the number of predictors. In other words, they gave a unit weight to each predictor. Their study had six predictors 1 grades in school, 2 affiliation with religion ... predictor of drug use adolescents with more risk factors were more likely to use drugs. The model ... 5 Schmidt, Frank L. 1971 . The relative efficiency of regression and simple unit predictor weights in applied ... more details
Infobox cyclist name Pieter Mertens image fullname Pieter Mertens nickname birth date birth date and age df yes 1980 8 28 birth place BEL height height m 1.81 precision 0 weight convert 67 kg lb abbr on currentteam Retired discipline Road role Rider ridertype amateurteams amateuryears proyears 2004&ndash 2005 br 2006&ndash 2007 proteams Chocolade Jacques T Interim br Predictor Lotto majorwins updated date 2008 02 03 Pieter Mertens born 28 August 1980 is a Belgium Belgian former professional road bicycle racer . He was professional for four years, spending two years at Chocolade Jacques T Interim between 2004 and 2005 and then two years at UCI ProTeam Predictor Lotto between 2006 and 2007. Palmares Palmares start Rheinland Pfalz Rundfahrt 1 stage 2005 Tour de Namur Overall 2002 Palmares end External links http www.pietermertens.be Personal website http www.davitamon lotto.com site2007 EN rennersfiche.php?rennerid 21 Profile at Predictor Lotto official website trapfriis belgium.Mertens.htm use dmy dates date November 2010 Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata Persondata NAME Mertens, Pieter ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Road bicycle racer DATE OF BIRTH 1980 08 28 PLACE OF BIRTH Belgium DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Mertens, Pieter Category Belgian cyclists Category 1980 births Category Living people Category People from Limburg Belgium Belgium cycling bio stub da Pieter Mertens de Pieter Mertens fr Pieter Mertens nl Pieter Mertens no Pieter Mertens ... more details
In statistical analysis , Freedman s paradox , ref Freedman, D. A. 1983 A note on screening regression analysis regression equations. The American Statistician , 37 , 152&ndash 155. ref named after David A. Freedman statistician David Freedman , describes a problem in model selection whereby Dependent and independent variables predictor variables with no explanatory power can appear artificially important. Freedman demonstrated through simulation and asymptotic calculation that this is a common occurrence when the number of variables is similar to the number of data points. Recently, new information theory information theoretic estimators have been developed in an attempt to reduce this problem, ref Lukacs, P. M., Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. 2009 Model selection bias and Freedman s paradox. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics , 62 1 , 117&ndash 125 doi 10.1007 s10463 009 0234 4 ref in addition to the accompanying issue of model selection bias, ref Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. 2002 . Model Selection and Multimodel Inference A Practical Theoretic Approach, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag. ref whereby estimators of predictor variables that have a weak relationship with the response variable are biased. References references Category Regression variable selection Category Statistical paradoxes Statistics stub ... more details
Merge Grade crossing predictor date July 2010 Grade Crossing Signals are the warning devices for road vehicle s at railroad grade crossing s. The basic signal consists of two sets of flashing red lights, one on the front and one on the back, a sign that says Railroad Crossing, and a bell. At crossings that typically get train s going at about 30 mph. or more, there will be a gate added to the signal. At most crossings, the signals will activate about 30 seconds before the train arrives. The gates will get down 15 20 seconds before the train arrives. The gates will rise or the signals will shut off once the end of the train clears the island circuit. The time interval may be controlled by a Grade crossing predictor . See also Crossing sequence railways Mars Light Train horn References 1. http gsee.sdf us.org signals siglinks siglinks.html External links http gsee.sdf us.org signals siglinks siglinks.html American Railroad Signal Links http americanhistory.si.edu onthemove themes story 86 3.html Smithsonian, America on the move http www.uprr.com she safety xing safety sentinels.shtml Union Pacific Rail Crossing Warning Systems Categories DEFAULTSORT Grade Crossing Signals Category Level crossings Category Rail technologies Category Safety equipment ... more details
. Note that if all the predictor variables are uncorrelated, the matrix R sub xx sub is the identity ... the inter correlations of the predictor variables. References Reflist Paul D. Allison. Multiple ... more details
Wiktionary A set of points is collinear often misspelled as, but should not be confused with, co linear or colinear if they lie on a single Line geometry line . Related concepts include In mathematics Line geometry , a primitive undefined object type in most geometries. Encompasses the idea of a straight line in Euclidean geometry Multicollinearity , a statistical phenomenon in which two or more predictor variables in a multiple regression model are highly correlated Colinear map or co linear map , the dual notion of a linear map in comodule theory Concurrent lines in geometry, the dual notion of collinear points In engineering Collinear antenna array Collinearity equation Disambig is Saml nuleiki pt Colinearidade ... more details
BHT may refer to Busy hour traffic , a Traffic measurement telecommunications telecommunications traffic measurement given in Erlang unit erlangs Branch history table, a term used in computer science for branch predictor . Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Butylated hydroxytoluene , an organic compound primarily used as an antioxidant food additive Bo azi i Hava Ta mac l , a short lived Turkish airline Radiotelevision of Bosnia Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Television Bright Homes TV, a component of Bright House Networks Behavioral Health Technician Mental Health Services disambig de BHT et BHT fr BHT it BHT sl BHT ... more details
wiktionarypar prediction A Prediction is a statement or claim that a particular event will occur in the future. Prediction may also refer to Prediction , a song by Steel Pulse from their 1978 album Handsworth Revolution The Prediction , a song by Nas from his 1999 album Nastradamus The Prediction , a song by A Thorn for Every Heart from their 2004 album Things Aren t So Beautiful Now PREDICT, an Internet traffic data repository, or the PREDICT Coordination Center, both sponsored by the United States Department of Homeland Security See also Category Prediction Predictable disambiguation Predictor disambiguation disambig ... more details
The connectedness to nature scale is a measure of individuals trait levels of feeling emotionally connected to the natural world in the realm of social and environmental psychology . The CNS is being used to test the effects of situational factors and personality characteristic that might impact connection to nature. A study by Mayer and Frantz 2004 found the CNS to be a significant predictor of ecological behavior and subjective well being ref cite journal last Mayer first F. Stephan coauthors Cynthia McPherson Frantz year 2004 title The connectedness to nature scale A measure of individuals feeling in community with nature journal Journal of Environmental Psychology volume 24 issue 4 pages 503 515 ref . References reflist Category Emotion Category Environmental psychology social psych stub ... more details
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