Unreferenced date May 2012 Primaryresearch consists of the collection of original primary data. It is often undertaken after the researcher has gained some insight into the issue by reviewing secondary research or by analyzing previously collected primary data. Clarify reason undefined date May 2012 It can be accomplished through various methods, including questionnaires and telephone interviews in market research , or experiments and direct observations in the physical sciences , amongst others. The term primaryresearch is widely used in academic research , market research and competitive intelligence . There are advantages and disadvantages to primaryresearch. Advantages Addresses specific research issues as the researcher controls the search design to fit their needs Great control not only does primaryresearch enable the marketer to focus on specific subjects, it also enables the researcher ... Compared to secondary research, Clarify reason undefined date May 2012 primary data may be very expensive in preparing and carrying out the research. Costs can be incurred in producing the paper for questionnaires or the equipment for an experiment of some sort. In order to be done properly, primary data collection requires the development and execution of a research plan. It takes longer to undertake primaryresearch than to acquire secondary data. Some research projects, while potentially offering ... the research is complete it may be out of date. Low response rate has to be expected. An example of primaryresearch in opinion research the government wants to know if people are pleased with how ... and, if not, how to improve. An example of primaryresearch in the physical sciences Can the transition ... composition. All research, whether primary or secondary, depends eventually on the collection of primaryresearch data. See also Academic research Secondary research Market research Marketing research Focus group Academic authorship Category Academia Category Marketing Category Research ... more details
The Center for Health Policy CHP and the Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research PCOR are jointly administered centers at Stanford University that offer educational programs and conduct research on critical issues of health policy and health care delivery. CHP PCOR is part of Stanford s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies . It is directed by Prof. Alan Garber, a physician and a health economist . External links http healthpolicy.stanford.edu Official Web Site of CHP PCOR Freeman Spogli Institute US west university stub Category Stanford University independent research ... more details
wiktionary Primary may refer to Primary astronomy , the larger of two co orbiting bodies Primary mirror , principal light gathering surface of a reflecting telescope Primary band , from Australia Primary circuit , electrical circuit in a transformer that receives current, as opposed to secondary circuit Primary election , an election by which a political party selects and nominates a candidate Power line , electric power transmission line fed to or from a transformer Primary film Primary film , 1960 documentary Primary LDS Church , children s Sunday School organization Primary song Primary song , by The Cure Primary, the oldest period in the Geologic time scale obsolete Primary , a song by Spoon from the album Telephono Primaries, remiges wing feathers in birds Primaries or primary beams, in E. E. Smith s science fiction series Lensman The first stage in a thermonuclear explosive, may also be used alone in a lower yield nuclear explosive, see nuclear weapon design Mathematics Prime power , positive integer power of a prime number Primary decomposition , a decomposition into primary ideals p group p group , a group of prime power order Primary ideal s, a concept in commutative algebra Gaming Primary game Primary , a game on Armor Games . See also Primary education , the first stage of compulsory education Primary field , a type of field in conformal field theory Primary Flight Training , in the U.S. Navy Primary FRCA , academic examination for anaesthetists in the U.K. Primary group disambiguation Primary Music , Israeli record label Primary school , a school providing primary education Primary source disambig es Primario eo Primara fr Primaire ko it Primario ja pt Prim rio ... more details
lab.jpg thumb right Primary scientific research being carried out at the Electron microscope Microscopy ..., an example of secondary research in progress. There are two ways to conduct researchPrimaryresearch Using primary sources, i.e., original documents and data. Secondary research Using secondary ... of research. This material is of a primary source character. The purpose of the original research ... Research? Original research is considered a primary source. Thomas G. Carpenter Library University ... to artistic research being accepted as the primary mode of enquiry in art as in the case of other ...about the search for knowledge the suburb of Melbourne, Australia Research, Victoria Selfref For the Wikipedia policy, see Wikipedia Original research . For information on using Wikipedia for research, see Wikipedia Researching with Wikipedia . File Research Warner Highsmith.jpeg thumb Basrelief sculpture Research holding the torch of knowledge 1896 by Olin Levi Warner . Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building , Washington, D.C. Research is the systematic investigation into existing or new ... theories . A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. In order to test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects, or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research as opposed to applied research are documentation , Discovery observation discovery , interpretation , or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge . Approaches to research .... There are several forms of research scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, etc. Forms of research Scientific research relies on the application of the scientific method, a harnessing of curiosity . This research provides science scientific information and theories ... possible. Scientific research is funded by public authorities, by charitable organizations and by private ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name The Research image The Research at Manchester Roadhouse.jpg caption image size landscape yes background group or band alias origin Wakefield , England genre Indie pop years active 2004 2008 label This Is Fake DIY Records 2008 br At Large 2004 2007 associated acts The State of Georgia br Sarah Williams and the So Called Friends website current members Russell The Disaster Searle br Georgia Lashbrook br Sarah Williams past members Johnny White notable instruments Yamaha PSS 380 keyboard br Fender Mustang Bass The Research were a musical ensemble band from Wakefield , England . The members were Russell The Disaster Searle vocals guitar synthesizers , Georgia Lashbrook bass vocals harmonica , and Sarah Williams drums vocals . Their songs typically about themes of love, loss and fear are notable for their plaintive lyrics and vocal harmonies. Citation needed date April 2009 In February 2006 they released their debut album , Breaking Up , via At Large Recordings, a subsidiary of EMI . Following the album s release, the band parted company with At Large, and signed to This Is Fake DIY Records , with whom they released their second album. The Old Terminal , and its accompanying single music single I Think She s The One I Love , were released in autumn 2008. In the time between the end of the band s promotion of their debut album and the announcement that they had left EMI, the band s MySpace.com blog detailed the recording of a second album in various places including Malmo, Sweden , where the band reportedly worked with The Cardigans Cardigans record producer producer , Per Sunding. The band also announced that they had recruited a lead guitarist named Johnny White, and that Searle had moved from playing a keyboard ... Reviews the research the old terminal album review 01112008 0730.aspx Review of The Old Terminal DEFAULTSORT Research, The Category English pop music groups UK pop band stub ... more details
practitioners has led to a crisis in primary care delivery. The research identified a set of innovations ...about a sector of the health care system the approach to providing universal health care Primary health care Image JerichoHealthCentre20050326 CopyrightKaihsuTai.jpg thumb Primary care may be provided in community health centres. Primary care is the term for the Health care health services by health ... 20Definition 20of 20primary 20health 20care.pdf No cookie cutter response conceptualizing primary ... 24 June 2011. ref Such a professional can be a primary care physician , such as a general practitioner ... attributes the provision of essential primary care as an integral component of an inclusive primary health care strategy. Primary care involves the widest scope of health care, including all ... and social health issues, including Polypharmacy multiple chronic diseases . Consequently, a primary ... Continuity is a key characteristic of primary care, as patients usually prefer to consult the same ... providers is a desirable characteristic of primary care. The International Classification of Primary Care ICPC is a standardized tool for understanding and analyzing information on interventions in primary ... icd adaptations icpc2 en index.html International Classification of Primary Care, Second edition ICPC 2 . Geneva. Accessed 24 June 2011. ref Common chronic illnesses usually treated in primary ... , back pain , Osteoarthritis arthritis or Thyroid disease thyroid dysfunction . Primary care ... adults at greater risk of chonic non communicable disease s, rapidly increasing demand for primary ... topic WS HLM2 PHY Primary Care Needs New Innovations to Meet Growing Demands.html Primary Care Needs New Innovations to Meet Growing Demands. HealthLeaders Media , May 27, 2009. ref Primary care by country Canada Main Health care in Canada In Canada, access to primary and other health care services ... focus on the delivery of primary care e.g. through a system of dispensaries , state governments ... more details
A primary authority is a document that establishes the law on a particular issue, such as a case law case decision or statute legislative act . The search for applicable primary authority is an important part of the process of legal research . In the United States , examples of primary authority include the verbatim texts of Constitutions Statute s whether dification law codified or uncodified legal opinion Court opinions ref Although the texts of court opinions are primary authority, care should be taken when analyzing the texts to determine which parts are binding as holdings in the case see Stare decisis , Precedent and Ratio decidendi , and which parts are non binding see Obiter dictum . ref Rules of court civil procedure procedure Rules of evidence Rules governing the conduct of lawyers government agency Administrative regulations Executive order United States Executive orders Treaties and certain other international law materials Municipal charter s and local ordinance ordinances . To be considered primary authority, a document does not have to be physically printed or published by a government entity, as long as the document purports to be and actually is a verbatim re print of the applicable statute, regulation, court opinion, etc. That is, many lawyers, legal scholars, government agencies and others use verbatim re prints of texts published by private commercial law publishing companies. The term primary authority is used to distinguish primary authority materials from texts considered to be Secondary authority . References Statsky, W. 1997 . Introduction to paralegalism persepectives, problems, and skills. 5th ed. St. Paul, MN West Publishing Company. Notes reflist Category United States law Category Legal research law stub ... more details
of finding useful primary sources. On the other hand, most undergraduate research projects ... research has been done. ref name Handlin However, primary sources particularly those from before ... primary sources in the collections of major research libraries using ArchiveGrid http www.shapell.org ... http www.lib.umd.edu special researchResearch Using Primary Sources from the University of Maryland ...for Wikipedia s policy on the use of primary sources WP PSTS File Pompeii couple.jpg thumb right This wall painting found in the Roman city of Pompeii is an example of a primary source about people in Pompeii in Roman times. Primary sources are original document material s. ref http www public.jcu.edu.au libcomp assist guides azguides JCUPRD 030412 Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Sources James Cook University ref Generally, primary sources are not accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. ref http www.lib.umd.edu guides primary sources.html Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources , UM Libraries ref Information for which the writer has no personal knowledge is not primary, although it may be used by historians in the abscence of a primary source. In the study of history as an academic discipline, a primary source also called original source or evidence is an artifact, a document ... science , and other areas of scholarship. In journalism, a primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation, or a document created by such a person. Primary sources are distinguished from secondary sources , which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources, though the distinction is not a sharp one. A secondary source may also be a primary source depending on how it is used. ref http www.ithacalibrary.com sp subjects primaryResearch Guides Primary and secondary sources Ithaca College Library ref Primary and secondary are relative terms, with sources judged primary or secondary ... source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for. ref ... more details
A primary group may refer to In mathematics, a special kind of group a p primary group p primary group , also called simply p group or a primary cyclic group , which is a p primary, cyclic group. In sociology, a primary and secondary groups primary group as opposed to secondary group . disambig sk Prim rna skupina ... more details
A national primary is a proposed system for conducting the United States presidential primary United States presidential primaries and caucuses , in which all of the primaries and caucuses would occur on the same day not currently the case . Early attempts The first Bill proposed law bill for a national primary was introduced in United States Congress Congress by United States House of Representatives Representative Richard Hobson of Alabama in 1911. President of the United States President Woodrow Wilson endorsed the concept. Since that time 125 similar bills have been introduced. ref http books.google.com books?id MnZLNgEV PYC&pg PA46&lpg PA46&dq richard hobson woodrow wilson&source web&ots UicmKX 8mr&sig F7M2Qyy5w14xQ2PpBQt1SjwAEoU PPA46,M1 What Role for Government? Lessons from Policy Research ... NATIONAL PRIMARY FAVORED IN SENATE, Special to New york times The New ... was needed before such a national primary could occur. ref http query.nytimes.com gst abstract.html?res 9A05E6DE153EE033A25756C2A9659C946496D6CF DROPS NATIONAL PRIMARY. President Won t Push Plan ... considered a national primary as a reform concept rather they considered it the consequence of inadequate ..., which will, in the not too distant future, produce a single national primary day is a disturbing ... s belief that a national primary would NOT be a welcome replacement for the current system, since ... for lesser known, lesser funded candidates to compete, and a national primary on February ... Primary Homepage See also United States presidential primary United States presidential election United ... event since 1972 New Hampshire primary first national primary stop since 1952 Reform Plans United States presidential primary Reform proposals United States presidential primary reform proposals Graduated Random Presidential Primary System Delaware Plan Rotating Regional Primary System Interregional Primary Plan References reflist 2 U.S. presidential primaries Category United States presidential ... more details
Multiple issues context October 2009 refimprove March 2007 In commerce, a primary deficit is the wikt deficit deficit which is derived after deducting the interest payments component from the total wikt deficit deficit of any budget. Citation needed date July 2011 In other words, the total of primary deficit and interest payments makes up the total or fiscal deficit . The opposite of a primary deficit is a primary surplus . Effect to economic growth Example of the India blockquote style background white padding 1em border 1px solid 999999 Higher fiscal deficit in India has been one of the major reasons for higher level of inflation in the Indian economy as compared to other developing and developed nations. The cycle of high deficit and high inflation can be explained in two different ways. Firstly, high fiscal deficit indicates a high level of government borrowing that has a tendency to reduce the availability of capital. This leads to lower liquidity and consequently higher interest rates and higher inflation. blockquote blockquote style background white padding 1em border 1px solid 999999 On the other hand, assuming that the government is borrowing to invest in the economy, this leads to increased spending that leads to greater money supply in the economy which can further lead to inflation if output fails to keep pace with this increased amount of spending which has usually been the case in India . Further, to curb a rise in the level of inflation, the central bank resorts to a hike in interest rates. Thus, we see that high fiscal deficits could lead to higher interest rates and it could further fuel inflation in the economy if not checked adequately. ref Equitymaster Agora Research Private Limited ref blockquote References Reflist Category Finance Category Fiscal policy finance stub fr D ficit primaire pt Saldo prim rio ... more details
Primary Colors may refer to primary color s, sets of colors that can be combined to make a useful range of color Primary Colors novel Primary Colors novel , the 1996 novel by Joe Klein Primary Colors film Primary Colors film , the 1998 film based on the novel Primary Colors album , an album by Japanese band Day After Tomorrow Primary Colours album , an album by English band The Horrors dab ... more details
Texas Primary may refer to Texas Democratic primary and caucuses, 2008 Texas Republican primary, 2008 Disambiguation Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2011 In field theory mathematics field theory , a branch of algebra, primary extension L of K is a field extension such that the algebraic closure K in L is purely inseparable over K . A subextension of a primary extension is primary. A primary extension of a primary extension is primary transitivity . A primary extension of a perfect field is regular extension regular . Category Field theory Abstract algebra stub ... more details
According to researcher Chuck Hansen , the W34 Python was a gas boosted fission primary used in several designs of American thermonuclear bomb thermonuclear weapons . Nuclear weapon design Two stage thermonuclear weapons Primary is the technical term for the fission bomb trigger of a thermonuclear or fusion bomb, which is used to compress, heat and ignite the fusion fuel in the thermonuclear secondary. Hansen s research indicates that the W34 nuclear bomb W34 Python primary was used in the US B28 nuclear bomb , W28 , W40 , and W49 , and as a boosted fission warhead without a thermonuclear second stage in several other weapons. These were the Mark 45 ASTOR wire guided 21 inch, submarine launched heavyweight torpedo the Mark 101 Lulu nuclear depth bomb the Mark 105 Hotpoint laydown bomb. Additionally, an anglicised W34 nuclear bomb W34 Python known to the British as Peter was manufactured in Britain as the primary for Red Snow , itself an anglicised W28 warhead. Peter was also proposed as a replacement for the Red Beard nuclear weapon Red Beard warhead housed in a Red Beard carcass, and as the Violet Mist nuclear land mine for the British Army in Germany. The W34 used the melt cast high explosive Cyclotol, a variant of HMX as the material for its implosion lenses, and this relatively unsophisticated explosive that pre dated Polymer bonded explosive PBX was perhaps a reason why the British adopted this warhead, since they were attempting to deploy a thermonuclear warhead for their strategic bombers quickly, and the British were well versed in the manufacture, storage and use of these melt cast explosives. Declassified British military documents also refer to a Low Yield Python ... the moratorium ended. The flaw was apparently common with the W44 Tsetse primary design. Characteristics ... C0C090 background color F8EABA margin bottom 3px colspan 5 Python primary based nuclear weapons Model ... 26.6 221 See also List of nuclear weapons Teller Ulam design Tsetse primary Robin primary External ... more details
Other uses Primary disambiguation elections A primary election is an election that narrows the field of candidates before the general election. Presidential and statewide primary elections are partisan. Local elections often are non partisan. Primary elections are one means by which a political party ... countries in which primary elections are organized by parties, not the administration, generally distinguish only two types of primaries Closed primary synonyms internal primaries, party primaries . In the case .... Open primary . All voters can take part in an open primary, but the party may require them to express their support to the party s values and pay a small contribution to the costs of the primary. In the United States, other types can be differentiated Closed primary . People may vote in a party s primary ... only in their own party s primary. Semi closed systems, however, allow unaffiliated voters to participate as well. Depending on the state, independents either make their choice of party primary privately ... year 2012 publisher Wadsworth location Boston, MA pages 77 ref Open primary . A registered voter may vote in any party primary regardless of his own party affiliation. When voters do not register with a party before the primary, it is called a pick a party primary because the voter can select which party s primary he or she wishes to vote in on election day. Because of the open nature of this system ... party Crossover voting crossing over and voting in the primary of another party, effectively allowing ... election. An example of this can be seen in the 1998 Vermont senatorial primary with the nomination ... voter need not publicly declare which political party s primary that they will vote in before entering ... of party and provide access to this information. The primary difference between a semi open and open primary system is the use of a party specific ballot. In a semi open primary, a public declaration ... states that use the open primary format may print a single ballot and the voter must choose on the ballot ... more details
Primary phase can refer to Materials science, see Liquidus temperature The Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy Primary and Secondary Phases , a radio series disambig ... more details
Infobox disease Name Primary hyperparathyroidism Image Illu thyroid parathyroid.jpg Caption Thyroid and parathyroid ... radio eMedicineTopic 355 MeshID D049950 Primary hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia elevated ... of primary hyperparathyroidism is approximately 1 per 1,000 people 0.1 , ref cite journal url http ... first3 S. last3 Krishnan first4 K. S. last4 Dhillon first5 A. S. M. last5 Khir year 1998 title Primary ... John P. first2 Shonni J. last2 Silverberg year 2002 title Primary hyperparathyroidism Epidemiology and clinical ... 25 34 doi 10.1385 BMM 1 1 25 ref The prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism has been estimated ... The signs and symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are those of hypercalcemia. They are classically ... al. title Cardiac abnormalities in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism implications for follow ... outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism year 2003 volume 327 issue 7414 pages 530 534 doi 10.1136 ... muscle weakness, itching, and band keratopathy of the eyes. When subjected to formal research, symptoms ... abnormalities predict symptomatology in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism? journal ... cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21723154 ref Diagnosis The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism ... and a Sensitivity and specificity specificity of approximately 90 for primary hyperparathyroidism ... of 93 in detecting primary hyperparathyroidism, with a confidence interval of 80 to 100 . ref cite doi 10.1530 EJE 07 0132 ref The serum chloride phosphate ratio is 33 or more in most patients with primary ... as the screening test for primary hyperparathyroidism journal Horm. Metab. Res. volume 11 issue 10 ... are also elevated. Causes The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a sporadic, single ... together 0.5 . Primary hyperparathyroidism is also a feature of several familial endocrine disorders ... Chernobyl power plant are faced with a substantial risk of primary hyperparathyroidism, possibly ... accessdate 19 August 2011 ref Primary hyperparathyroidism can also result from pregnancy . It is apparently ... more details
About colors other uses Primary Colors disambiguation Primary Colors Image CRT phosphors.png right thumb 375px The emission spectra of the three phosphor s that define the additive primary colors of a Cathode ..., and blue light to make all colors. Primary colors are sets of colors that can be combined to make a useful range of colors. For human applications, three primary colors are usually used, since human ... or in cathode ray tube CRT displays, the primary colors normally used are red , green Note NOT YELLOW ... model , and RYB color model for more on these popular sets of primary colors. Any choice of primary ... the gamut will be restricted by the choice of primaries. The combination of any two primary colors ... basis File RGB laser.jpg thumb RGB laser Primary colors are not a fundamental property of light but are often ... primary colors. ref name sobel Before the nature of colorimetry and visual physiology were well ... von Helmholtz expressed various opinions about what should be the three primary colors to describe the three primary color sensations of the eye. ref cite book title Text book of physiology volume ... ?id fz0uAAAAYAAJ&pg PA1107&dq primary red green and violet maxwell sensation ref Young ... PA575&dq primary red green and violet maxwell ref In modern understanding, the human cone cell s do not correspond to any real primary colors. Species with different numbers of receptor cell ... known as tetrachromacy tetrachromat s, with four different color receptors, one would use four primary ... see into the ultraviolet to about 300 nanometers, this fourth primary color for tetrachromats is located ... of women heterozygote for colour difficiency Vision Research, 1993 ref having an extra variant version ... in females journal Vision Research author M. Neitz, T. W. Kraft, and J. Neitz year 1998 volume 38 pages ... receptors and are therefore dichromacy dichromat s to them, there are only two primary colors. It would ... it as natural however, if both look at a color reproduced via primary colors, such as on a color ... more details
other uses Primary production economics image Seawifs global biosphere.jpg 400px thumb Global oceanic ... biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary production potential, and not an actual estimate of it. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE . Primary ... is directly or indirectly reliant on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are known as primary producers or autotroph s, and form the base of the food chain . In terrestrial ... responsible. Primary production is distinguished as either net or gross , the former accounting for losses ... thumb The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis Primary production is the production of chemical energy in organic ... of primary production is driven by lithotroph ic organisms using the chemical energy of inorganic ... respiration respired to perform work thermodynamics work . Consumption of primary producers ... Gross primary production GPP is the rate at which an ecosystem s producers capture and store a given ... is used by primary producers for cellular respiration and maintenance of existing tissues i.e., growth ... Higher Plant Respiration and Net Primary Production. In Terrestrial Global Productivity , Academic Press, 33 59 ref The remaining fixed energy i.e., mass of photosynthate is referred to as net primary production NPP . NPP GPP respiration by plants Net primary production is the rate at which all the plants ... some of that energy during respiration. Some net primary production goes toward growth and reproduction of primary producers, while some is consumed by herbivores. Both gross and net primary production ... all primary production is now performed by vascular plant s, with a small fraction coming from algae ... plants, non vascular plants likely played a more significant role. Primary production on land ... and allow increased primary production to take place under conditions that would normally limit ... long&pmid 10477309 ref A number of eukaryote s are significant contributors to primary production in the ocean ... more details
Teacher in Laos.jpg 240px thumb Children and teacher in a primary school classroom in Laos Image LOS E 015.JPG thumb 240px An elementary school in California Primary education is the first stage ... for children to receive primary education although it is permissible for parents to provide it.. The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy and numeracy amongst all pupils, as well ... political debate. Typically, primary education is provided in school s, where the child ... of the primary education system. Traditionally, various forms of corporal punishment have been an integral ... Preschool education in Australia accessdate 21 January 2012 date 9 May 2008 ref Primary schooling ... Australia students do Year 7 while still enrolled at primary school, although most governmental primary schools are moving to a K to 6 structure to line up with the other states in order to ensure ... Education in Burma Expand section date June 2008 Canada Main article Education in Canada Primary Kindergarten ... to go to Cegep before University Denmark In Denmark, 9 years of primary school Folkeskole ... Main Education in Estonia In Estonia, 9 years of primary school P hikool or basic school are compulsory. First three grades of primary school are called Algkool which can be translated as beginning school and can be confused with primary school. In some low density population areas Algkool is the only school available and students enter primary school in bigger town. 1st grade 7 8 years 2nd grade ... years of primary school Peruskoulu are compulsory. Kindergarten optional 6 7 years 1st grade 7 8 years ... primaire primary elementary CP cours pr paratoire 6 years old may be tried a second time 7 years ... is introduced, usually English. In the final year of primary school, children receive a recommendation .... Expand section date June 2008 Hungary Main article Education in Hungary Primary School education ... 13 14 years Iceland Main article Education in Iceland In Iceland, 10 years of primary school Grunnsk li ... more details
Primary polydipsia or psychogenic polydipsia is a special form of polydipsia . ref name pmid10372737 cite journal author Saito T, Ishikawa S, Ito T, et al title Urinary excretion of aquaporin 2 water channel differentiates psychogenic polydipsia from central diabetes insipidus journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. volume 84 issue 6 pages 2235 7 year 1999 month June pmid 10372737 doi 10.1210 jc.84.6.2235 url http jcem.endojournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10372737 ref It is usually associated with a patient s increasing fluid intake due to the sensation of having a dry mouth . When the term psychogenic polydipsia is used, it implies that the condition is caused by mental disorders. However, the dry mouth is often due to phenothiazine medications used in some mental disorders, rather than the underlying condition. ref name isbn0 7817 9153 7 cite book author Rippe, James M. Irwin, Richard S. title Irwin and Rippe s Intensive care medicine publisher Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Philadelphia year 2008 pages 909 isbn 0 7817 9153 7 oclc doi accessdate ref Some forms of primary polydipsia are explicitly characterized as non psychogenic. ref name pmid3371724 cite journal author Tobin MV, Morris AI title Non psychogenic primary polydipsia in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis with severe hyperglobulinaemia journal Gut volume 29 issue 4 pages 548 9 year 1988 month April pmid 3371724 pmc 1433532 doi 10.1136 gut.29.4.548 url http gut.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup ... to deal with the fluid overload, and weight gain will be noted. Primary polydipsia can .... Diagnostic workup The test of choice to distinguish primary polydipsia from diabetes insipidus is by fluid restriction . In primary polydipsia, the urine osmolality should increase and stabilize at above ... drop in serum sodium will be seen. Primary polydipsia often leads to institutionalization as it can ... research to document this other than anecdotal observations. Such persons typically prefer to possess ... more details
Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the body s immune system is missing or does not function properly. To be considered a primary immunodeficiency , the cause of the immune deficiency ... exposure to toxins . Most primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorder s the majority are diagnosed ... 1 in 500 people is born with a primary immunodeficiency. ref name Lim2004 cite journal author Lim MS, Elenitoba Johnson KS title The Molecular Pathology of Primary Immunodeficiencies journal The Journal ... S1525 1578 10 60493 X pmc 1867474 PMC 1867474 ref Signs and symptoms The precise symptoms of a primary ... to the rarity of many primary immunodeficiencies, many of the above tests are highly specialised and tend to be performed in research laboratories. ref name Lim2004 Criteria for diagnosis were agreed ... criteria also distinguish between definitive , probable and possible in the diagnosis of primary ... criteria for primary immunodeficiencies. Representing PAGID Pan American Group for Immunodeficiency ... Societies recognises eight classes of primary immunodeficiencies, totaling over 120 conditions. ref name IUIS cite journal author Notarangelo L, Casanova JL, Conley ME, et al. title Primary immunodeficiency diseases an update from the International Union of Immunological Societies Primary ..., et al. title Primary immunodeficiencies 2009 update The International Union of Immunological Societies IUIS Primary Immunodeficiencies PID Expert Committee journal J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. volume ... de ciencies In primary Humoral immune deficiency antibody deficiencies , one or more isotypes of immunoglobulin ... hemoglobinuria Immunode ciency associated with colin 3 de ciency Treatment The treatment of primary ... Stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiencies journal Bone Marrow Transplant. volume 41 ... primary immunodeficiency approaches 1 in 1200. This figure does not take into account people ... author Boyle JM, Buckley RH title Population prevalence of diagnosed primary immunodeficiency ... more details
Primary consciousness is a term the American biologist Gerald Edelman coined to describe the ability ... called sensory consciousness . Put another way, primary consciousness is the presence of various ... s, and mental images. For example, primary consciousness includes a person s experience of the blueness of the ocean, a bird s song, and the feeling of pain. Thus, primary consciousness refers ... the future. Primary consciousness can be subdivided into two forms, focal awareness and peripheral ... Theories of primary consciousness One prominent theory for the neurophysiology neurophysiological basis of primary consciousness was proposed by Gerald Edelman. This theory of consciousness is premised ... of the present, or primary consciousness. In other words, Edelman posits that primary consciousness ... suggesting that primary consciousness might have emerged with the basic vegetative systems of the brain ... to primary consciousness as some neuroscientists have believed. ref name Merker Evidence of this lies ... of primary consciousness Physiologically, three fundamental facts stand out about primary consciousness ... activity appears to involve more globally coordinated activity. ref name SethND Measuring primary ... of primary consciousness can be either objective or subjective. Regarding objective measures, knowledge ... uncertain experiences . Also, because metacognition metacognitive conscious content assumes primary ... 122. ref Miscellaneous studies Primary consciousness in lucid dreams Hobson asserts that the existence .... The dreaming portion has experiences and therefore has primary consciousness, while the waking ... wakes up. International Journal of Dream Research, 2 2 , 41 44. ref Lucid dreaming situates itself ... primary consciousness the dream and secondary consciousness the waking separately but simultaneously. Moreover, primary consciousness has recently been proposed by us to be characteristic of dreaming ... by the same processes. ref name Hobson Primary consciousness in epileptic seizures Studies show that it is possible ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date October 2008 Primary metaphor is a term named by Joseph Grady for the basic connection that exist between subjective or abstract experience s such as goodness and value theory good and concrete experiences such as wikt up up . These two concepts usually correlate in experience, and form the primary metaphor good is up . Likewise there is a correlation between seeing and knowing forming the primary metaphor seeing is knowing . Two such primary metaphors are used when understanding an expression such as glass ceiling . An example of a primary metaphor could be that of Shakespeare s As You Like It , where life is depicted as being similar to a theater. Therefore, LIFE relates to a conceptual experience, and THEATER represents a concrete experience. Thus forming the primary metaphor LIFE IS THEATER. See also Portal Thinking Conceptual blending Embodied philosophy Image schema Invariance principle Metaphor Cognitive linguistics Cognitive metaphor George Lakoff DEFAULTSORT Primary Metaphor Category Metaphors by type Ling stub ... more details
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