Unreferenced date June 2008 A trap primer or trap seal primer is a plumbing device or valve that adds water to Trap plumbing traps . The water seal s in traps are needed to prevent sewer gas es from entering buildings, but because this water is exposed to the air, it is subject to evaporation over time in infrequently used floor drains, leading to the release of sewer gas into the environment. The trap primer mitigates this problem by injecting water, either directly or indirectly, into the trap to maintain the water seal indefinitely. Building code s may require trap primers for some traps, especially for where experience has shown that there are isolated and or infrequently used drains such as basement floor drains which are only used when the basement is flooded . Where explosion hazards are high, specifying trap primers, whether required or not by code, is wise. Trap primers do require maintenance and replacement, so they should be installed in accessible locations. Types There are many types of trap primers. The simplest, typically for a floor drain s trap, is simply a connection from a nearby sink s drain so that when the sink is used, some of the water flow is diverted into one or more traps. More common is a primer that is connected to the potable water supply and activates when pressure fluctuations are sensed, such as the flushing of a nearby water closet . Others depend on occupancy sensors or timers. Several manufacturers e.g., Moen company Moen produce laundry faucets with a built in trap seal primer outlet. Other solutions In infrequently used floor drains where such a primer does not exist, evaporation can be mitigated a few different ways Routinely adding water to the floor drain Pouring a small amount of vegetable or mineral oil into the drain to just cover the trap s water surface. The oil floats on the surface of the water and creates a liquid seal preventing further evaporation. Mineral oil tends to be a better option, as it does not go Rancidifi ... more details
A random hexamer or random hexonucleotides are for various polymerase chain reaction PCR applications such as rolling circle amplification to prime the DNA. They are oligonucleotide sequences of 6 bases which are synthesised entirely randomly to give a numerous range of sequences that have the potential to anneal at many random points on a DNA sequence and act as a primer to commence first strand cDNA synthesis. ref http www.invitrogen.com site us en home References protocols nucleic acid amplification and expression profiling pcr protocol pcr and rt pcr.html ref References reflist http www.fermentas.com en products all nucleotides primers other primers so142 random hexamer primer Category Polymerase chain reaction ... more details
and amplified in three steps. In the first step, two primers anneal at their respective 3 ends ... and extend the primers according to the complementary sequence step II in the figure . Main factors ... II is used as a template to which fresh primers anneal leading to synthesis of more PD product ... of the PCR system, i.e., changing the concentrations of primers, magnesium chloride , nucleotides ... of different PCR enzyme systems or reagents. Citation needed date January 2010 Primers design software ... Nucleic acids secondary structure formation and annealing of primers to itself or within primer pairs ... and GC content of the primers similar melting temperatures of the primers and absence of secondary ... The primer design page of Leiden University Medical Center ref Hot start PCR Because primers are designed ... at lower temperatures, which can cause DNA synthesis from primers after annealing to each other ... modifications of primers Another approach to prevent or reduce PD formation is by modifying the primers so that annealing with themselves or each other does not cause extension. HANDS H omo ... annealing of the primer to its fully complementary sequence in the target. Chimeric primers ... to its target sequence, but not to other chimeric primers. ref http www.patentlens.net patentlens ... 26fields 3Dinventor 2Ctitle 2Cabstract 2Cinventor 2Capplicant tab 1 Chimeric primers for improved ... more details
merge site directed mutagenesis discuss Talk PCR mutagenesis Merger proposal date August 2010 Multiple issues unreferenced January 2010 context January 2010 PCR mutagenesis is a method for generating site directed mutagenesis . This method can generate mutations base substitutions, insertions, and deletions without the need for subcloning into M13 based bacteriophage vectors and for ssDNA rescue. The procedure involves a PCR reaction using a plasmid or chromosomal DNA as template and synthetic oligonucleotide primers containing the desired mutation with each complementary to the opposite strands of the vector. DEFAULTSORT Pcr Mutagenesis Category Mutagenesis genetics stub ... more details
a desired goal Multiplex PCR uses several pairs of primers annealing to different target sequences ... multiple targets to be amplified using only a single pair of primers, avoiding the resolution limitations ... out as in PCR, but with a limiting amount or leaving out one of the primers. When the limiting ... to increase the specificity of DNA amplification. Two sets of primers are used in two successive reactions. In the first PCR, one pair of primers is used to generate DNA products, which may contain ... in a second PCR, using one hemi nesting or two different primers whose binding sites are located ... temperature in the early cycles is usually 3 5 C above the standard T sub m sub of the primers used ... PCR with primers that have an overlap and a second PCR using the products as the template that generates ... DNA. PCR primers that anneal to the linker sequences are then used to amplify the target fragments. This method ... in PCR primers. Two amplifications are then carried out on the bisulfite treated DNA One primer ... DNA. Primer modifications Adjustments to the synthetic oligonucleotides used as primers in PCR are a rich source of modification Normally PCR primers are chosen from an invariant part of the genome ... is done. At least one of the primers is chosen from a polymorphic area, with the mutations located ... for DNA fingerprinting that uses primers selected from segments repeated throughout a genome to produce ... geno.1994.1151 pmid 8020964 ref The use of primers from a Alu sequence commonly repeated segment is called Alu PCR , and can help amplify sequences adjacent or between these repeats. Primers can ... use degenerate primers that are synthesized using multiple nucleotides at particular positions the polymerase chooses the correctly matched primers . Also, the primers can be synthesized with the Nucleic ... polymerase chain reaction Normally the primers used in PCR are designed to be fully complementary to the target. However, the polymerase is tolerant to mis matches away from the 3 end. Tailed primers ... more details
primer or a set of primers designed for multiplex target sequences. It performs a fast, gapless alignment to test the complementarity of the primers to the target sequences. Probable PCR products ... more details
is to use ammunition with harder primers, which require a more significant strike from the firing ... makes use of hard primers for this reason. ref cite web url http www.surplusrifle.com shooting2006 ... products primersprimers prod.aspx?id 30 title CCI Military Rifle Primers publisher CCI ... reliability with the harder or denser primers generally used in military specification ammunition ... more details
lowercase title DnaG Infobox nonhuman protein Name DNA primase image width caption Organism Escherichia coli E. coli K 12 substr. MG1655 TaxID 511145 Symbol dnaG AltSymbols dnaP EntrezGene 947570 PDB RefSeqmRNA RefSeqProtein NP 417538 UniProt P0ABS5 ECnumber 2.7.7.7 Chromosome chromosome EntrezChromosome NC 000913.2 GenLoc start 3208866 GenLoc end 3211135 DnaG is a bacterial primase which synthesizes short RNA oligonucleotides during DNA replication. These RNA oligonucleotides serve as primers for DNA synthesis by bacterial DNA polymerase Pol III. On one of the two parental strands, called the lagging strand, the primase makes a primer every few kilobases. These primers serve a substrates for synthesis of Okazaki fragments. DnaG associates through noncovalent interactions with bacterial replicative helicase DnaB to perform its primase activity, with about three DnaG primase proteins associating with each DnaB helicase. Primases tend to initiate synthesis at specific three nucleotide sequences on single stranded DNA ssDNA strand templates, and for DnaG the sequence is GTA. The DnaG primase is a 581 residue monomeric protein with three functional domains, according to proteolysis studies. There is an N terminal Zn binding domain residues 1 110 where a zinc ion is tetrahedrally coordinated between one histidine and three cysteine residues, which may play a role in recognizing ssDNA. The central domain residues 111 433 displays RNA polymerase activities, and is the site of RNA primer synthesis. The C terminal domain residues 434 581 is responsible for the noncovalent binding of DnaG to the DnaB helicase protein. ref name isbn0 470 57095 4 cite book author Voet, Donald title Biochemistry edition 4 publisher J. Wiley & Sons location New York year 2010 origyear page 1189 isbn 0 470 57095 4 ref External links MeshName dnaG protein, E coli MeshName DnaG Primase References Reflist enzyme stub DNA replication Category DNA replication ru DnaG ... more details
Differential display also referred to as DDRT PCR or DD PCR is the technique where a researcher can compare and identify changes in gene expression at the mRNA level between any pair of eukaryotic cell samples. The assay may be extended to more than one pair, if needed. The paired samples will have morphological, genetic or other experimental differences for which the researcher wishes to study the gene expression patterns, hoping to elucidate the root cause of the particular difference or specific genes that are affected by the experiment. The concept of differential display is to use a limited number of short arbitrary primers in combination with the anchored oligo dT primers to systematically amplify and visualize most of the mRNA in a cell. Since its invention in the early 1990s, differential display has become one of the most commonly used techniques for identifying differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level. Different streamlined DD PCR protocols have been proposed including fluorescent DD process as well as radioactive labeling, which offers high accuracy and readout. In the mid 2000 s, differential display and RNAse protection assay were superseeded by DNA Microarrays , RNA seq and qRT PCR . References 1. Liang, P. & Pardee, A.B. Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science 257, 967 971 1992 . 2. Liang, P. A decade of differential display. Biotechniques 33, 338 346 2002 . 3. Liang, P. & Pardee, A.B. Analysing differential gene expression in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3, 869 876 2003 . ikl DEFAULTSORT Differential Display Category Biotechnology ar ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Microsporum audouinii regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Eurotiomycetes ordo Onygenales familia Arthrodermataceae genus Microsporum species Microsporum audouinii species authority Gruby 1843 Microsporum audouinii is a species of fungus in the genus Microsporum . It is associated with the disease known as tinea , an infection of keratinized tissues like Epidermis skin epidermis , hair and nails. Specific primers have been developed to assist in the rapid diagnostic identification of this species in clinical samples using PCR fingerprinting. ref name pmid17005755 cite journal author Roque HD, Vieira R, Rato S, Luz Martins M title Specific primers for rapid detection of Microsporum audouinii by PCR in clinical samples journal J. Clin. Microbiol. volume 44 issue 12 pages 4336 41 year 2006 month December pmid 17005755 pmc 1698423 doi 10.1128 JCM.00759 06 url http jcm.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17005755 accessdate 2008 12 16 ref It can fluoresce under Wood s lamp . ref name isbn0 7216 7618 9 cite book author Griffin, Craig E. Muller, George H. Kirk, Robert Warren Scott, Danny W. Miller, William L. title Muller and Kirk s Small Animal Dermatology publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 2001 pages 347 isbn 0 7216 7618 9 oclc doi accessdate ref References reflist External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names SynSpecies.asp?RecordID 160505 Index Fungorum Synonyms Mycoses Category Parasitic fungi Category Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetes stub parasite stub ... more details
Infobox Software name PrimerPlex screenshot caption developer PREMIER Biosoft latest release version 2.50 latest preview version latest preview date operating system Windows, Macintosh platform genre Bioinformatics license commercial website http www.premierbiosoft.com www.premierbiosoft.com PrimerPlex designs oligos for standard Multiplex PCR multiplex PCR assays and for bead based suspension array systems such as BioPlex 200 and Luminex 100 200 based on xMAP technology. The assays are used for high throughput SNP applications such as genotyping, pathogen detection, strain typing, and haplotyping. It is supported on both Windows and Mac. The following oligo design options are supported Multiplex PCR Primer Design Can design highly specific multiplex primers for standard PCR assays for up to 30 sequences. Direct Hybridization Assay DHA Oligo Design Can design probes for 100 individual targets in a multiplex reaction. The SNPs are located at the center to maximize discrimination. ASPE Assay Oligo Design Can design primers for 40 individual targets in a multiplex reaction. The mutation is located at the 3 end. The author company, Premier Biosoft PREMIER Biosoft , has supported strain differentiation multiplex xMAP assays in one of their other products, AlleleID . References http www.luminexcorp.com Luminex Corporation http www.labhoo.com PressImage 2009 PR 5503.htm PREMIER Biosoft International Releases version 2.00 of PrimerPlex with Support for Using Proven Pre designed oligos and Analyzing SNPs of Medium sized Genomes http jac.oxfordjournals.org content early 2010 05 28 jac.dkq175.full A multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism typing assay for detecting mutations that result in decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A External links http www.premierbiosoft.com primerplex index.html PrimerPlex Home Page http www.premierbiosoft.com tech notes multiplex pcr.html Multiplex PCR An Overview Category Bioinformatics so ... more details
multiple issues cleanup February 2011 unreferenced February 2011 wikify February 2011 Weld On is a division of IPS Corporation , a manufacturer of solvent cements, primers and cleaners for Polyvinyl chloride PVC , CPVC , and ABS plastic piping systems. Weld On products are commonly used for joining plastic pipes and fittings. Weld On also manufactures specialty products from repair adhesives for leaking pipes, pipe thread sealants joint compounds, to test plugs for pipeline pressure testing. Headquartered in California, Weld On has operations throughout the United States, as well as China, and a worldwide network of sale representatives and distributors. History In 1958, the IPS Corporation began endorsing the Plastic welding Solvent welding solvent welding technique, a type of plastic welding , and patented Weld On solvent cement for use on plastic pipe and fittings. Then in 1978 Weld On developed color match acrylic adhesive for bonding solid surface counter tops. In 1992 Weld On formulated and introduced the first low volatile organic compound VOC emission solvent cement in response to growing air quality concerns. Five years later Weld On 724 was introduced as the first high strength solvent cement for chemical resistant CPVC plastic joints in the market and formulated for use in a variety of harsh chemical applications such as hypochlorites, acids and caustics. In 1999, Weld On began offering environmentally responsible, all Low VOC solvent cements, primers and cleaners, and began phasing out regular Volatile organic compound VOC products. Category Cement Category Piping Category Plumbing ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 image Pcr machine.jpg thumb 75px PCR Thermocycler An amplicon is a piece of DNA formed as the product of natural or artificial amplification events. For example, it can be formed via polymerase chain reaction s PCR or ligase chain reaction s LCR , as well as by natural gene duplication . Artificial amplification can be used to determine sex from a human DNA sample. The locus genetics loci of Alu element insertion is selected, amplified and evaluated in terms of size of the fragment. The sex assay utilizes AluSTXa for the X chromosome, AluSTYa for the Y chromosome, or both AluSTXa and AluSTYa, to reduce the possibility of error to a negligible quantity. The inserted chromosome yields a large fragment when the homologous region is amplified. The males are distinguished as having two DNA amplicons present, while females have only a single amplicon. The kit adapted for carrying out the method includes a pair of primers to amplify the locus and optionally polymerase chain reaction reagents. Category DNA Molecular biology stub fr Amplicon he pl Amplikon sl Amplikon ... more details
The term Bando may refer to one of the following. Bando , a Burmese self defense martial art Bando Electronic Systems , South Korean company Bando yoga Bando sport , a sport similar to Hurling , Shinty and Field Hockey formerly played in Wales and cognate with Bandy Bando , English slang for a short chamber .45 caliber Internal ballistics Boxer primers Boxer Henry Rifle used during the late 19th century. Slang term for a person who lives in abandoned homes, a squatter Byeonsan bando National Park , South Korean national park O Bando do Velho Jack , Brazilian music group American baseball players Chris Bando , born 1956 Sal Bando , born 1944 In Japan, Band , Bandou , or Bando may refer to Band , the family name of a number of actors lineages in kabuki Band disambiguation , a surname Band , Ibaraki , a city disambig de Bando es Bando fr Bando gl Bando it Bando nl Bando ru uk ... more details
dablink For other uses, see Thief series . Hammerite is a brand of paint made by Hammerite Products Limited , a subsidiary of Imperial Chemical Industries PLC . Company history Hammerite paint was first developed in 1962 by Allen Forster and later manufactured at the Flannigan s factory in Prudhoe . The company also produced the anti corrosion treatment Waxoyl . In the early 1980s, the company was acquired by Hunting plc who later sold it on to Williams Holdings in 1993. Imperial Chemical Industries ICI acquired the company from Williams Holdings in 1998. ref http www.hammerite automotive.com hammerite product guide 2010.pdf ref Products Hammerite products includes rust prevention and restoration paint , and are based on zinc phosphate as the active ingredient. Products made include interior and exterior paints as well as special metal primers for metals such as aluminum , galvanized steel galvanized and stainless steel , chrome plating chrome , brass and copper . References Reflist External links http www.hammerite.co.uk index.jsp UK Hammerite website http www.icipaints.co.uk index.jsp?brand hammerite ICI website on Hammerite Product stub Category British brands Category Paint manufacturers ... more details
Richard Guy Compton is a physical chemist working at the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory at Oxford University in England . He is Physical Chemistry editor of the Oxford University Press Oxford Chemistry primers chemistry primer series, which has over a hundred titles to date 2006 , and also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry . Professor Compton s research is primarily in the field of electrochemistry . Professor Compton is a fellow at St John s College, Oxford where he tutors undergraduates, and is Tutor for Graduates. External links http compton.chem.ox.ac.uk The Compton Group website Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Compton, Richard G. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Compton, Richard G. Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category British chemists Category Physical chemists Category Fellows of St John s College, Oxford UK academic bio stub UK chemist stub ... more details
Fluorescein amidite , File FAM Amidite.png thumb 300px Non nucleoside phosphoramidites for 5 modification of synthetic oligonucleotides abbreviated as FAM commercially available 6 FAM version ref Brush, C. K. Fluorescein Labelled Phosphoramidites. US Patent 5,583,236. http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml 2FPTO 2Fsearch bool.html&r 15&f G&l 50&co1 AND&d PTXT&s1 5,583,236&OS 5,583,236&RS 5,583,236 ref is shown in Figure , is an important synthetic equivalent of fluorescein dye used in oligonucleotide synthesis and molecular biology . FAM is used in the preparation of fluorescein labeled oligonucleotide probes for the detection of the presence of the complementary nucleic acid s or primers for polymerase chain reaction . Oligonucleotides labeled with fluorescein at one of the termini and with a Quenching fluorescence quencher at the other can serve as molecular beacon s. Category Fluorone dyes Reflist ... more details
A primer is a first textbook for teaching of Reading process reading , such as an alphabet book or basal reader . The word also is used more broadly to refer to any book that presents the most basic elements of a subject. The Latin language Latin Ensched Abecedarium of the late 15th century, translated into English language English as the Salisbury Prymer , has been identified as the earliest example of a printing print ed primer. It presented the alphabet and several Catholic prayer s. ref http query.nytimes.com mem archive free pdf?res 9D02E1D81330E333A25757C1A9679D94669ED7CF A Famous Book The New England Primer , The New York Times , November 14, 1897 ref Other historical examples of primers for children include The New England Primer 1680s and McGuffey Readers 1836 in the US, and Bala Potam Lessons for Children, 1850 & 1851 by Arumuka Navalar in Sri Lanka . See also Hornbook Primary education Grammarians War References reflist Category Reading Category Textbooks ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Primer walking is a sequencing method of choice for sequencing DNA fragments between 1.3 and 7 kilobase s. Such fragments are too long to be sequenced in a single sequence read using the chain termination method . This method works by dividing the long sequence into several consecutive short ones. The DNA of interest may be a plasmid insert, a PCR product or a fragment representing a gap when sequencing a genome. The term primer walking is used where the main aim is to sequence the genome. The term chromosome walking is used instead when we know the sequence but don t have a clone of a gene. For example the gene for a disease may be located near a specific marker such as an RFLP on the sequence. ref cite book title DNA Viruses A Practical Approach first Alan last Cann publisher Oxford University Press year 1999 isbn 0199637180 ref The fragment is first sequenced as if it were a shorter fragment sequencing will be performed from each end using either universal primer molecular biology primers or primers designated by the customer. This should identify the first 1000 approx. bases. In order to completely sequence the region of interest, design and Chemical synthesis synthesis of new primers complementary to the final 20 bases of the known sequence is necessary to obtain contiguous sequence information. The basic technique is as follows A primer molecular biology primer that matches the beginning of the DNA to sequence is used to synthesize a short DNA strand adjacent to the unknown sequence, starting with the primer see PCR . The new short DNA strand is sequenced using the chain termination method. The end of the sequenced strand is used as a primer for the next part of the long DNA sequence. That way, the short part of the long DNA that is sequenced keeps walking along the sequence. The method can be used to sequence entire chromosomes thus, chromosome walking . A different method with the same purpose which becomes more popular for larg ... more details
the ITS and IGS regions. In addition to the standard ITS1 ITS4 primers used by most labs, several taxon specific primers have been described that allow selective amplification of fungal sequences e.g. ... samples . ref cite journal author Gardes, M., and Bruns, T.D. title ITS primers with enhanced ... more details
subcloning. There is also no need to add restriction sites when designing primers and thus shorter primers can be used saving time and money. In addition, in instances where there are no viable ... more details
proteins. In the second step, two sequence specific primers hybridise to each border of the DNA template. DNA polymerases are then used to extend the primers annealed to the templates to produce a double ..., the optimisation of primers and sometimes buffers is required beforehand by the researcher. Normally ... more details
A nihongo tendency film keik eiga is a name given to the socially conscious, left leaning films produced in Japan during the 1920s and 1930s. These were in general produced by the commercial studios, in contrast to the politically radical independent films of the Proletarian Film League of Japan . However, with the rise of Japanese militarism in the 1930s, tendency films as well as any works that were not actively supportive of the war effort in China and the Pacific were frowned upon or outright censored. ref cite web url http www.greencine.com static primers japan 60 1.jsp title Japanese Cinema to 1960 last Rickman first Gregg work GreenCine accessdate 24 October 2010 ref Daisuke It film director Daisuke It s jidaigeki include some well known tendency films, such as 1929 s Man Slashing, Horse Piercing Sword . Tomu Uchida s A Living Puppet and Kenji Mizoguchi s Metropolitan Symphony both 1929 were also tendency films, and Shigeyoshi Suzuki film director Shigeyoshi Suzuki s tendency film What Made Her Do It? was one of the big hits of 1930. References Reflist Cinema of Japan Category Cinema of Japan Category Film genres Category Japanese words and phrases film genre stub japan hist stub ... more details
The Dana Foundation formerly the Charles A. Dana Foundation is a private philanthropic organization based in New York dedicated to the support of grants and outreach in science , health , and education , particularly in the neuroscience s. It was a key supporter of the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and the Dana Centre at the Science Museum in London. The foundation was founded in 1950 by Charles A. Dana philanthropist Charles A. Dana , a legislator and businessman from New York State, and CEO of the Dana Corporation . He presided over the it until 1960, but continued to participate in the foundation until his death in 1975. The Dana Foundation supports the http dana.org danaalliances about Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives and the http dana.org danaalliances edab European Dana Alliance for the Brain , nonprofit organizations of leading neuroscientists committed to advancing public awareness about the progress and promise of brain research. The Alliances coordinate the annual http dana.org brainweek International Brain Awareness Week campaign in mid March to unite the efforts of partner organizations worldwide in a celebration of the brain for people of all ages. From 1997 to 2010 the Dana Foundation operated a specialized publishing house, the Dana Press. It published a series of books, mainly in the neurosciences, and other online and print publications. The Foundation continues to publish articles, primers, and interviews about brain related topics. They can be found at the organization s http www.dana.org website . The current chairman of the Dana Foundation is Edward F. Rover . Category Biomedical research foundations Category Educational foundations ... more details
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