In Ancient Greek grammar , privative a also known as privative alpha in Latin , pr v t vum is the prefix a that expresses negation or absence e.g., atheos a theos , wiktionary atypical a typical . It is derived from a Proto Indo European language Proto Indo European syllabic nasal Unicode n , the zero Indo European ablaut ablaut grade of the negation ne , i.e. n used as a vowel. For this reason, it appears as an before vowel e.g. illiteracy an alphabetism , anesthesia an esthesia , anarchy word an archy . ref name LSJ LSJ a 1 1 ref ref Cognates Sanskrit The same prefix appears in Sanskrit , also as a , an Latin In Latin , the cognate prefix is in . The preposition al prefix in is different. Germanic languages In English and other West Germanic languages , the cognate is un , except in Dutch language Dutch , where it is on . In North Germanic languages , the n has disappeared and Old Norse has e.g., d insakr d ins akr , Danish language Danish and Norwegian language Norwegian have u , whereas Swedish language Swedish uses o pronounced u , and Icelandic language Icelandic and Faroese language Faroese use the related wikt en Icelandic . Homonym The prefix ha also a from psilosis , copulative a , is nearly homonym ous with privative a , but originates from Proto Indo European PIE sm& 805 . ref name LSJ References Reflist See also Wiktionary alpha privative copulative a privative DEFAULTSORT Privative A Category Indo European linguistics Category Greek language Ling stub ar de Alpha privativum ja no Privativ a ru fi A privativum ... more details
A privative , named from Latin language Latin wikt privare privare ref http lysy2.archives.nd.edu cgi bin words.exe?privare privare , at William Whitaker s Words . ref , to deprive , is a particle grammar particle that negates or inverts the semantics value of the root word stem of the word. In Indo European languages many privatives are prefix linguistics prefixes but they can also be suffix es, or more independent elements. Privative prefixes In English language English there are three primary privative prefixes, all cognate from Proto Indo European language PIE wikt un Etymology 1 un from West Germanic languages West Germanic e.g. un precedent ed, un belief believable wikt in in from Latin language Latin e.g. in Skill capable , in articulation articulate . wikt a Etymology 5 a , called alpha privative , from Ancient Greek wikt GreekFont , wikt GreekFont e.g. a pathos pathetic , a biogenesis . These all stem from a Proto Indo European language PIE syllabic nasal privative n , the zero Indo European ablaut ablaut grade of the negation ne , i.e. n used as a vowel, as in some English pronunciations of button . This is the source of the n in an privative prefixed nouns deriving from the Greek, which had both. For euphony this reason , it appears as an before vowel, e.g. an wiktionary Anorexia orexia , an anesthesia esthesia . The same prefix appears in Sanskrit , also as a , an . In North Germanic languages , the n has disappeared and Old Norse has e.g. d insakr d ins ... in this context, and the use of the privative is justified. Inflammable is perhaps a more complex ... in this case that the in prefix is due to the preposition, rather than the privative, i.e. to go up in flames, or simply to http en.wiktionary.org wiki inflame inflame . Privative suffixes Some languages have privative suffix es less is an example in English. Further examples are t a lan or t e ... reflist See also Privative a copulative a wikt Category Alpha privatives Category Linguistics ... more details
unreferenced date February 2007 In administrative law , a privative clause is a provision in a statute that tries to remove a court s ability to judicial review review decisions of a tribunal or other administrative agency . In the UK they are known as ouster clauses . The word privative is derived from the Latin privare , meaning to deprive . Historically, courts have shown resistance to such privative clauses. In Canada and Australia , courts have held that there are certain constitutional restrictions on the ability of legislatures to insulate administrative tribunal from judicial review by means of privative clauses. In Canada . if there is a privative clause, there will be more deference given to the administrative tribunal than otherwise. Privative clauses demonstrate the tension between the power of the legislature and the courts. They are subject to much controversy because on the one hand, Parliament has the elected right to make laws for the electorate, but also the courts have a constitutionally enshrined right to review and account for decisions. Justice William Orville Douglas of the US Supreme Court noted that privative clauses grant tyrannical power to administrative decision makers. See also Jurisdiction stripping External links http www.expropriationlaw.ca articles art02600.asp Expert Evidence Before Administrative Trbunals http links.jstor.org sici?sici 0026 7961 195511 18 3A6 3C575 3ASROJR 3E2.0.CO 3B2 F Statutory Restriction of Judicial Review , S.A. de Smith, The Modern Law Review , Vol. 18, No. 6 November 1955 , pp. 575 594 http beta.austlii.edu.au au journals RevenueLJ 2003 5.pdf Privative Clauses The Last Hurrah? , Paul Gerber Category Administrative law Category Jurisdiction Category Statutory law law stub ... more details
wiktionarypar a A may refer to A plane , a U.S. military aircraft prefix A blood, blood type A negative. A grade , a letter grade in the four point grade system, above B , but below an A Privative a , a prefix expressing negation Disambig ... more details
orphan date February 2009 Agonoclita , or Agonoclites , in antiquity, is a sect from the 8th century whose distinguishing principle it was never to kneel, but to deliver all their prayer s standing. The word is compounded of the privative particle , knee , and I bend . See also Genuflection 1728 Category Religious groups reli stub pl Agonicelici ... more details
Astylar from Gr. , privative, and , a column is an architectural term given to a class of design in which neither column s nor pilaster s are used for decorative purposes thus the Palazzo Medici Riccardi Riccardi and Palazzo Strozzi Strozzi palaces in Florence are astylar in their design, in contradistinction to Palladio s palaces at Vicenza , which are columnar. 1911 External links Cite EB1911 W1EC 1 wstitle Astylar Category Architectural styles Arch style stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In pathology , apyrexy , or apyrexia Greek , from , privative, , to be in a fever, , fire, fever is the normal interval or period of intermission in a fever . Also, the absence of a fever. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com The American Heritage Stedman s Medical Dictionary, 2nd Edition ref References 1911 references Category Fever symptom stub ro Apirexie sk Apyrexia ... more details
for the standard character code in computing ASCII Orphan date February 2009 Amphiscians , or Amphiscii , is a name given to inhabitants of the tropics . The word comes from the Greek language Greek about , and shadow . The Amphiscians were also called Ascii . This term related specifically to those inhabitants of the globe, which, at certain times of the year, have no shadow. The word is formed of the privative particle , and , umbra , shadow . References 1728 Noah Webster s 1828 Dictionary. Category Greek words and phrases AncientGreece stub sv Ascii ... more details
orphan date February 2010 Unreferenced date April 2009 Alatrism or alatry Greek language Greek from the privative a privative latreia worship is the recognition of the existence of one or more gods, but with a deliberate lack of worship of any deity. Typically it includes the belief that religious rituals have no supernatural significance, and that gods ignore all prayers and worship. It is not the same as Deism , which holds that one or more gods may exist, but do not intervene. Deism does not exclude worship, and alatrism does not exclude the possibility that gods intervene alatrists usually believe that any divine intervention occurs only for the deities own reasons, unconnected to any encouragement by devotees. Historical alatrist groups include the Neopythagoreanism Neopythagoreans . theology stub See also Atheism Divine command theory Ethics in the Bible Free will God as the Devil Lawsuits against God Love of God Maltheism Meta ethics Atheism Omnibenevolence Pessimism Summum bonum Theism Belief systems Category Polytheism ... more details
SCCInfoBox case name Crevier v. Quebec full case name Crevier v. Quebec Attorney General heard date decided date 1981 10 20 history ruling ratio Any legislation which has a privative clause purporting to exclude review of jurisdictional matters is ultra vires a provincial legislature SCC 1980 1982 Majority Laskin C.J. Crevier v. Quebec , 1981 2 S.C.R. 220 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision in administrative law. The Court had to decide whether a Quebec created Professionals Tribunal was unconstitutional due to being a s. 96 court according the Constitution Act, 1867 , whose members can only be federally appointed. It found that any legislation which has a privative clause purporting to exclude review of jurisdictional matters is outside the jurisdiction of a provincial legislature. ref para. 19 ref Facts The decision examined the Professional Code, a Quebec statute which governed 38 professional corporations. The law required each of the corporations to establish a discipline committee in conformity with the code that would examine allegations of professional misconduct. History The Quebec Court of Appeal had ruled that the law was not ultra vires the Quebec legislature because it did not create a s. 96 court. ref para. 11 of the judgement ref See also List of Supreme Court of Canada cases Laskin Court Notes references External links http canlii.org en ca scc doc 1981 1981canlii30 1981canlii30.html Full decision on CanLII Category Canadian administrative case law Category Supreme Court of Canada cases Category 1981 in case law Category 1981 in Canada canada law stub ... more details
Acatalepsy from the Greek language Greek , privative, and , to seize , in philosophy , is incomprehensibleness, or the impossibility of Understanding comprehending or conceiving a thing. ref name cyclopaedia 1728 ref The Pyrrhonism Pyrrhonians attempted to show, while Academic skepticism Academic skeptics of the Platonic Academy asserted an absolute acatalepsia all human science or knowledge , according to them, went no further than to appearances and verisimilitude. ref name cyclopaedia It is the antithesis of the Stoic doctrine of katalepsis catalepsy or Apprehension. ref name lewes George Henry Lewes, 1863, The biographical history of philosophy , Volume 1, page 297 ref According to the Stoics, catalepsy was true perception, but to the Skeptics, all perceptions were acataleptic, i.e. bore no conformity to the objects perceived, or, if they did bear any conformity, it could never be known. ref name lewes Notes reflist Category Concepts in epistemology Category Skepticism Epistemology stub et Akatalepsia es Acatalepsia fr Acatalepsie gl Acatalepsia it Acatalessia pt Acatalepsia ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date May 2008 An aporime is a problem difficult to resolve, and which has never been resolved, though it may not be, in itself, impossible. The word is derived from the Greek language Greek polytonic , which signifies something very difficult and impracticable, being formed from the privative , and polytonic , passage . When a question was proposed to any of the ancient Greece ancient Greek philosophers, especially of the sect of Academists , if he could not give a solution, his answer was polytonic , q.d. I do not conceive it I cannot see through it I am not able to clear it up. See also Aporia References 1728 http digicoll.library.wisc.edu cgi bin HistSciTech HistSciTech idx?type turn&entity HistSciTech000900240158&isize L Category Paradoxes Category Classical Greek philosophy philo stub de Aporem ... more details
Infobox Newspaper name Alithia image Image Alithia newspaper cover.jpg 200px centre caption type Daily newspaper format broadsheet foundation 1952 ceased publication price Cypriot pound CYP 0.70 owners publisher Alithia Publishing Group editor Frixos Koulermos chiefeditor assoceditor staff language political Centre right circulation 11,000 daily ref http www.nationsencyclopedia.com Asia and Oceania Cyprus MEDIA.html Circulation figures, 2002 ref headquarters Nicosia , Cyprus oclc ISSN website http alitheiaportal.com alitheiaportal.com Alithia lang el , meaning The Truth , etymologically the privative prefix and Greek for oblivion is one of the largest newspapers by circulation in Cyprus , with about 11,000 copies daily. It is connected with the leadership of the conservative Democratic Rally party. It was established in 1952 as a weekly publication and it is one of the oldest still circulating Greek papers on the island. In 1982 it became a daily publication. References Reflist Category Publications established in 1952 Category Greek language newspapers Category Newspapers published in Cyprus es Alithia fr Alithia ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Plaintiff S157 2002 v Commonwealth court High Court of Australia image Australia coa.png date decided 4 February 2003 full name Plaintiff S157 2002 v Commonwealth of Australia citations http www.austlii.edu.au cgi bin sinodisp au cases cth HCA 2003 2.html 2003 HCA 2 211 CLR 476 195 ALR 24 77 ALJR 454 judges Murray Gleeson Gleeson CJ, Mary Gaudron Gaudron , Michael McHugh McHugh , William Gummow Gummow , Michael Kirby judge Kirby , Kenneth Hayne Hayne and Ian Callinan Callinan JJ prior actions none subsequent actions none opinions 7 0 Appeal largely upheld small Impugned clauses valid, but not applicable to the action the plaintiff wished to bring per Gaudron, McHugh, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne, Gleeson CJ and Callinan J concurring small Background The plaintiff wished to challenge a decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal denying him a protection visa. Two sections of the Migration Act 1958 Cth purported to deny him the right to appeal the decision. The plaintiff applied to the High Court, arguing that the relevant sections did not apply to applications for relief under s75 v of the Constitution. s474 purported to make certain decisions privative clause decisions unreviewable, while s486A placed time limits on applications to the High Court in respect of these decisions. The plaintiff argued that s474 was directly inconsistent with s75 v and therefore invalid. Decision The Hickman principle was, the majority held, simply a rule of construction allowing apparently incompatible statutory provisions to be reconciled. Two rules of construction relating to privative clauses were held to exist if there is an opposition between the Constitution and any such provision, it should be resolved by adopting an interpretation consistent with the Constitution if that is fairly open. per Hickman and Privative clauses are construed strictly. Applying these principles led to the conclusion that although the two sections were valid, they did not apply to the plain ... more details
The copulative a also a copulativum , a athroistikon is the prefix ha or a expressing unity in Ancient Greek , derived from Proto Indo European language Proto Indo European Unicode sm , cognate to English same see also Symbel . ref name a LSJ a 1 ref ref An example is a delphos brother , from Unicode sm g sup w sup elbhos literally from the same womb c.f. Delphi In Proto Greek language Proto Greek , s at the beginning of a word became h by debuccalization and syllabic consonant syllabic m became a , giving ha . The initial h was sometimes lost by psilosis . Cognate forms in other languages preserve the s for example, the Sanskrit prefix Unicode sa in the name of the language, Unicode sa s k t put together . Less exact cognates include English same and some , and Latin simul at the same time and s milis similar . ref OEtymD same ref ref OED same ref Other words in Greek are related, including h ma at the same time , hom s same , and he s one from PIE sem s . ref name a ref LSJ a ma1 , LSJ o mo s , LSJ ei s shortref ref See also privative a References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Copulative A Category Indo European linguistics Category Greek language ... more details
ref There was a statutory right of appeal but no privative clause , so the first factor indicated less deference however, the absence of a privative clause was not determinative. In his view, the issue ... more details
In linguistics , abessive list of glossing abbreviations abbreviated sc abe or sc abess , caritive and privative abbreviated sc priv are names for a case grammar grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun. In English language English , the corresponding function is expressed by the preposition wikt without without or by the Affix suffix wikt less less . The name abessive is derived from Latin language Latin abesse to be away absent , and is especially used in reference to Uralic languages . The name caritive is derived from Latin carere to lack , and is especially used in reference to Caucasian languages . The name privative is derived from Latin privare to deprive . In Afro Asiatic Languages Somali In the Somali language , the abessive case is marked by laa or la and dropping all but the first syllable on certain words For example jeceyl love jeelaa loveless dar clothes darla clothesless, i.e., naked In Australian languages Martuthunira In Martuthunira language Martuthunira , the privative case is formed with two suffixes, wirriwa and wirraa. What determines which suffix is used in a given situation is unclear. class wikitable Parla wirraa nganarna. money small PRIV small small clusivity 1PL.EX small colspan 2 We ve got no money. In Caucasian languages Empty section date May 2008 In Uralic languages Finnish In the Finnish language , the abessive case is marked by tta for back vowels and tt for front vowels according to vowel harmony . For example raha money rahatta without money An equivalent construction exists using the word ilman and the partitive ilman rahaa without money or, more uncommonly rahaa ilman without money The abessive case of nouns is rarely used in writing and even less in speech, although some abessive forms are more common than their equivalent ilman forms tuloksetta unsuccessfully, fruitlessly Itkin syytt . I cried for no reason. The abessive is, however, commonly used in Verbal noun nominal forms of verbs formed with the affix ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A bahuvrihi compound from Sanskrit language Sanskrit , bahuvr hi , literally meaning much rice but denoting a rich man is a type of compound linguistics compound that denotes a referent by specifying a certain characteristic or quality the referent possesses. A bahuvrihi is exocentric , so that the compound is not a hyponym of its Head linguistics head . For instance, a saber toothed cat sabretooth smilodon smil odon is neither a sabre nor a tooth , but a feline with saber like teeth. In Sanskrit bahuvrihis, the last constituent is a noun, more strictly, a nominal stem linguistics stem , while the whole compound is an adjective. The Vedic accent accent is regularly on the first member tatpurusha r ja p tra a king s son , but bahuvrihi r j putra having kings as sons viz r j putra m. father of kings , r j putr f. mother of kings , with the exception of a number of non nominal prefixes such as the privative a the word bahuvr h is itself likewise an exception to this rule. In English bahuvrihis, the last constituent is usually a noun, while the whole compound is a noun or an adjective. Accent is on the first constituent. English bahuvrihis often describe people using synecdoche flatfoot , half wit , highbrow , lowlife , redhead , tenderfoot , longlegs , and white collar . Examples Houndstooth , a woven fabric with a patterns resembling a canine tooth She s wearing a houndstooth jacket Old Money , members from established upper class who have usually inherited their wealth He s definitely Old Money Bluestocking , an educated, intellectual or artistically accomplished woman Auntie Maud will never marry, she s a Bluestocking See also Sanskrit compounds Tatpurusha Dvigu Dvandva Category Linguistic morphology Category Vyakarana Linguistics stub da Bahuvrihi de Bahuvrihi fr Bahuvrihi ru sv Bahuvrihi ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The terms se and ani refer to classes of Root linguistics root s in Sanskrit grammar. In the terminology of Panini scholar Panini , se from copulative a sa i , Ashtadhyayi A dhy y 1.2.18, 6.4.121 means with an i sound , and privative a an i A dhy y 3.1.45, 6.1.188, 6.4.51, 7.2.61 means without an i sound . The i sound in question is a phoneme i that appears in certain morphological circumstances for certain, lexically defined roots, regularly continuing Proto Indo European language Proto Indo European PIE laryngeals , as in PIE bh uH tu m bhav i tum . Note that the PIE laryngeal represented by an H here was a part of the PIE root it occurs in all of its allomorph s, for example PIE bhuH t s bh ta PIE bheuH is reduced to PIE bhuH in PIE due to Indo European ablaut ablaut the laryngeal disappears in this context, leaving its trace in the length of in Sanskrit . In Classical Sanskrit, the scope of this i was broadened by analogous change. In A dhy y the synchronic analysis of the phenomenon is somewhat different the i sound is treated as an augment called gama in the terminology of the later Paniniya school of the suffix that follows the root. The marker, defined in 1.1.46, indicates that the i should be appended at the beginning of the form, viz. the suffix. For example the rule 7.2.35 states that i should be prepended to rdhadh tuka suffixes beginning with a consonant other than y an example of such suffix is tum the Classical Sanskrit infinitive this rule is restricted by the following s tra s. Note that this analysis does not necessarily contradict the diachronic analysis of PIE origin of the phenomenon. An example of differences between the two classes is the aorist marker. While some of the ani roots form aorist with the s suffix, se roots are suffixed by i . Following this terminology, PIE root s ending in laryngeals are also called se roots, and all others ani roots. DEFAULTSORT Set And Anit Roots Cat ... more details
Merge Chaos mythology date November 2009 Abyss refers to a bottomless pit, to the underworld , to the hadal zone deepest ocean floor , or to hell . The English word abyss derives from the late Latin abyssimus superlative of abyssus through French language French abisme ab me in modern French , hence the poetic form abysm , with examples dating to 1616 and earlier to rhyme with time . The Latin word is borrowed from the ancient Greek Greek abussos also Romanization of Greek transliterated as abyssos , which is conventionally analyzed as deriving from the Greek element meaning deep, bottom with an alpha privative , hence bottomless. ref For more on the Greek etymology with the possibility of an ultimately Sumerian language Sumerian origin, see Abyzou Origins Abyzou Origin and Abzu . ref In the Septuagint , or Greek version of the Hebrew Bible , the word represents both the original Chaos cosmogony chaos Book of Genesis Genesis 1 2 and the Hebrew tehom a surging water deep , which is used also in apocalyptic and kabbalistic literature and in the New Testament for hell the place of punishment in the Revised not the Authorized version of the Bible abyss is generally used for this idea. Primarily in the Septuagint cosmography the word is applied both to the waters under the earth which originally covered it, and from which the springs and rivers are supplied and to the waters of the firmament which were regarded as closely connected with those below. In the parable of Lazarus and Dives Lazarus there is an abyss between the righteous dead and the wicked dead in Sheol . ref Luke 16 26 ref bibleverse Revelation 9 11 states that the Abaddon destroying angel shall arise out of the abyss during the end times . Notes CathEncy wstitle Abyss Reflist External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 707&letter A&search abyss JewishEncyclopedia.com Abyss Category Book of Revelation Category Septuagint words and phrases Category Afterlife places Category Christian terms C ... more details
orphan date January 2010 National Corn Growers Assn. v. Canada Import Tribunal , 1990 2 S.C.R. 1324 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on judicial review and statutory interpretation. The Canadian Import Tribunal conducted an inquiry of the importation of grain from the US under s.42 of the Special Import Measures Act . The Tribunal found that the subsidization of grain imports were potentially the cause of material injury to the production in Canada. The National Corn Growers Association applied for judicial review of the decision. They argued that the Tribunal had no jurisdiction to determine potential injuries under the Act. Justice Gonthier, applying the analysis in Canadian Union of Public Employees, Local 963 v. New Brunswick Liquor Corp. 1979 found that the standard under which the decision can be reviewed is one of patent unreasonableness. In his view, the Tribunal could indeed consider the issue of potential injury. The existence of a privative clause was sufficient to accord the Tribunal deference in review. He emphasized that the reviewing court is not to determine the correct answer with which to compare the Tribunal s decision in order to determine the reasonableness of it. Wilson, in concurrence, considered meaning of the advent of the pragmatic and functional approach found in the NB Liquor case and in U.E.S., Local 298 v. Bibeault , 1988. Underlying it was the principle of the rule of law . See also List of Supreme Court of Canada cases External links lexum scc2 1990 2 1324 49 Category Canadian administrative case law Category Supreme Court of Canada cases Category 1990 in Canada Category 1990 in case law Category Supreme Court of Canada case articles without infoboxes canada law stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Alexia acquired dyslexia ICD10 ICD10 R 48 0 r 47 ICD9 ICD9 315.01 , ICD9 784.61 ICDO Image Caption OMIM OMIM mult MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic DiseasesDB MeshID D004410 Alexia acquired dyslexia Alexia from the Greek language Greek polytonic , privative a privative , expressing negation, and polytonic word occurs when damage to the brain causes a patient to lose the ability to read. ref name Varieties cite journal title Varieties and Significance of the Alexias journal Archieves of Neurology year 1977 first Antonio R. last Damasio volume 34 issue 6 pages 325 326 id url http archneur.ama assn.org cgi content summary 34 6 325?ijkey 61bffa67ae619306dd7a7934040c014df59fbf2c&keytype2 tf ipsecsha accessdate 2010 07 08 ref It is also called word blindness, text blindness or visual aphasia. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com visual aphasia American Heritage Medical Dictionary visual aphasia n. 1. See alexia. ref Those who suffer from alexia and dyslexia can have similar difficulties, however, alexia refers to an acquired reading disability, where reading ability had previously been developed, usually occurring in adulthood conditions, while dyslexia refers to developmental reading disability. ref name Ahls n2006 cite book author Elisabeth Ahls n title Introduction to neurolinguistics url http books.google.com books?id ziC Dbl4KnIC&pg PA115 accessdate 28 June 2010 year 2006 publisher John Benjamins Publishing Company isbn 9789027232335 pages 115 ref ref name functional anatomy cite journal author Leff AP, Crewes H, Plant GT, Scott SK, Kennard C, Wise RJ title The functional anatomy of single word reading in patients with hemianopic and pure alexia journal Brain volume 124 issue Pt 3 pages 510 21 year 2001 month March pmid 11222451 doi 10.1093 brain 124.3.510 url http brain.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 124 3 510?ijkey 0605739debdd37816078356fcf41ef44d5a60b79 ref Classification There are two groups of alexia. The fi ... more details
Image Blason comte fr Armagnac.svg thumb 125px Coat of arms of the county of Armagnac before 1304 . Image Armoiries Armagnac Rodez.svg thumb 125px Coat of arms of the county of Armagnac after 1304 . The following is a list of rulers of the county of Armagnac House d Armagnac House of Armagnac William of Fesenzac William Count of F zensac and Armagnac ? 960 Bernard the Suspicious , First count privative of Armagnac 960 ? Gerald I Trancal on ? 1020 Bernard I Tumapaler 1020 1061 Gerald II of Armagnac Gerald II 1061 1095 Arnauld Bernard II associated 1072 for about ten years Bernard III of Armagnac Bernard III 1095 1110 Gerald III of Armagnac Gerald III 1110 1160 Bernard IV of Armagnac Bernard IV 1160 1188 Gerald IV Trancal on 1188 1215 Gerald V of Armagnac Gerald V 1215 1219 Bernart Arnaut d Armagnac 1217 1226, in opposition Pierre Gerald 1219 1241 Bernard V of Armagnac Bernard V 1241 1245 Mascarose I countess 1245 Arnauld II of Lomagne Arnauld II count of Lectoure and Lomagne 1245 1249 Mascarose II 1249 1256 Eskivat de Chabanais , lord of Chabannais 1249 1256 Gerald VI of Armagnac Gerald VI 1256 1285 Bernard VI of d Armagnac Bernard VI 1285 1319 Jean I of Armagnac Jean I 1319 1373 John II of Armagnac Jean II the Hunchbacked 1373 1384 Jean III of Armagnac Jean III 1384 1391 Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac Bernard VII 1391 1418 Jean IV of Armagnac Jean IV 1418 1450 Jean V of Armagnac Jean V 1450 1473 Charles I of Armagnac Charles I 1473 1497 House of Alen on Charles IV of Alen on Charles II 1509 1525 ref Bulletin de la Section de g ographie , Vol.15, 131. ref House of Albret Henry II of Navarre Henri I 1527 1555 ref Bulletin de la Section de g ographie , Vol.15, 131 132. ref Jeanne of Albret 1555 1572 ref Bulletin de la Section de g ographie , Vol.15, 132. ref Henry IV of France Henry II King of France as Henry IV 1572 1589 House of Lorraine Henri, Count of Harcourt Henry de Lorraine, the Young 1607 1666 Louis, Count of Armagnac Louis de Lorraine 1666 1718, son of the ab ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Hypokinesia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018476 Hypokinesia refers to decreased bodily movement. ref http serendip.brynmawr.edu bb neuro neuro03 web1 ljackson.html ref It is associated with basal ganglia diseases such as Parkinson s disease , mental health disorders and prolonged inactivity due to illness, amongst other diseases. Hypokinesia describes a spectrum of disorders br Akinesia polytonic privative a a , without , polytonic kin sis , motion is the inability to initiate movement due to difficulty selecting and or activating motor programs in the central nervous system. Common in severe cases of Parkinson s disease , akinesia is a result of severely diminished dopamine rgic cell activity in the direct pathway of movement . Bradykinesia polytonic bradys , slow , polytonic kin sis , motion anchor Bradykinesia is characterized by slowness of movement and has been linked to Parkinson s disease and other disorders of the basal ganglia. Rather than being a slowness in initiation akinesia , bradykinesia describes a slowness in the execution of movement. It is one of the 3 key symptoms of parkinsonism, which are bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity. Bradykinesia is also the cause of what is normally referred to as stone face expressionless face among those with Parkinson s. Freezing is characterized by an inability to move muscles in any desired direction. Rigidity is characterized by an increase in muscle tone causing resistance to externally imposed joint movements. ref cite book last1 O Sullivan first1 Susan B. last2 Schmitz first2 Thomas J. title Physical Rehabilitation chapter Parkinson s Disease volume 5 publisher F.A Davis Company year 2007 location Philadelphia pages 856 857 accessdate 2011 05 11 ref It does not depend on imposed speed and can be elicited at very low speeds of passive movement. It is felt in both agonist and antagonist muscles and in mo ... more details
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