for other types of responsibilityResponsibility disambiguation Unreferenced date June 2007 main Professional ethics ProfessionalresponsibilityProfessionalresponsibility is the area of legal practice that encompasses the duties of Lawyer attorneys to act in a professional manner, obey the law, avoid conflicts of interest , and put the interests of clients ahead of their own interests. Professionalresponsibility violations in general Common violations include Conflicts of interest. This occurs where the same lawyer or firm is representing both sides in a lawsuit, or previously represented one side. In countries with the adversarial system of justice, a conflict of interest violates the right of each client to the undivided, zealous loyalty of his lawyer. Conflicts may also occur if the lawyer s ability to represent a client is materially limited by the lawyer s loyalty to another client, a personal relationship, or other reasons. Incompetent representation. Attorneys have a duty to provide ... and other misleading assertions regarding potential results. Professionalresponsibility in the United ... as an upper level course, most often taken in the second year. ProfessionalResponsibility courses ... misconduct . Examinations concerning professionalresponsibility Every state in the United States tests prospective attorneys on their knowledge of professionalresponsibility. 47 states and the District of Columbia require bar applicants to pass an exam called the Multistate ProfessionalResponsibility Exam MPRE . The remaining three states test professionalresponsibility on their local bar examination s. Furthermore, the ABA promulgated the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct ... variations from the Model Rules, if any. Attorneys who violate professionalresponsibility rules may ... disbarment. See also Legal malpractice ProfessionalProfessional abuse Professional ethics Professional negligence in English Law Category United States professionalresponsibility case law Category ... more details
The Office of ProfessionalResponsibility OPR is part of the United States Department of Justice DOJ responsible for investigating Attorney at law attorneys employed by the DOJ who have been accused of misconduct or crimes in their professional functions. The OPR promulgates independent standards of ethical and criminal conduct for DOJ attorneys, while the DOJ s United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General Office of the Inspector General OIG has jurisdiction of non attorney DOJ employees. Since 2009, the OPR has been headed by Mary Patrice Brown . ref http legaltimes.typepad.com blt 2009 04 holder names new opr chief.html Holder Names New OPR Chief , Legal Times The Blog of Legal Times April 8, 2009 . ref The OPR receives reports of allegations of misconduct made against DOJ attorneys from many sources. Nearly half of all such allegations are reported to OPR either by DOJ sources, such as the attorney involved. ref http www.usdoj.gov opr proc hdl.htm USDOJ Office of ProfessionalResponsibility OPR Process Bot generated title ref The remaining complaints come from a variety of sources, including private attorneys, defendants and Civil law common law civil litigants , other List of United States federal agencies federal agencies , U.S. state state or Local government in the United States local government officials, judicial and United States Congress congressional referrals, and media reports. OPR gives expedited attention to judicial findings of misconduct. The OPR reviews each allegation and determines whether further investigation is warranted. The determination is a matter of investigative judgment that weighs many factors, including the nature of the allegation, its apparent credibility, its specificity, its susceptibility to verification, and the source of the allegation. A decision to open a matter does not give rise to a presumption of misconduct ... Office of ProfessionalResponsibility DOJ agencies Category United States Department of Justice agencies ... more details
professionalresponsibility The Multistate ProfessionalResponsibility Examination MPRE is a one hundred twenty five 125 minute, sixty 60 question, multiple choice examination designed to measure the knowledge and understanding of established standards related to a lawyer s professional conduct. It is developed by the National Conference of Bar Examiners and was first administered in 1980. It is a prerequisite or corequisite to the bar examination for admission as an Attorney at law United States attorney at law in 47 of the 50 U.S. state states of the United States , as well as the Washington, D.C. District of Columbia , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , the United States Virgin Islands U.S. Virgin Islands , and the Palau Republic of Palau . Of the 56 jurisdictions within the United States, only Maryland , Puerto Rico , Washington U.S. state Washington , and Wisconsin do not use the MPRE however, these jurisdictions still incorporate local ethics rules in their respective bar examinations. Connecticut and New Jersey waive the MPRE requirement for bar candidates who have earned a grade of C or better in a law school course in professional ethics. Structure As of the March 2012 administration, the test consists of 60 substantive questions. Only 50 are scored the other 10 randomly scattered throughout the exam are used for experimental purposes. An additional 10 survey questions at the end of the exam are used to evaluate the conditions of the testing center. The raw score is converted to a scaled score based on the measured difficulty of the version of the test taken the scaled score is used to determine passing scores. Scaled scores range between 50 and 150, with a median ... of professionalresponsibility rules proposed by the American Bar Association &mdash and California ... Model Rules of Professional Conduct and the http www.abanet.org cpr mcjc mcjc home.html ABA Model ... mrpc toc.html MRPC ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct http www.abanet.org cpr mcjc toc.html CJC ... more details
The Norbert Wiener Award for Social and ProfessionalResponsibility was established in 1987 in honor of Norbert Wiener to recognize contributions by computer professionals to socially responsible use of computers. It is awarded annually by CPSR , Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility. Winners 1987 David Parnas 1988 Joseph Weizenbaum 1989 Daniel McCracken 1990 Kristen Nygaard 1991 Severo Ornstein and Laura Gould 1992 Barbara Simons 1993 Institute for Global Communications 1994 Antonia Stone 1995 Tom Grundner 1996 Phil Zimmermann 1997 Peter G. Neumann Peter Neumann 1998 Internet Engineering Task Force 1999 The free software Free Software & open source Open Source Movements 2000 Marc Rotenberg 2001 Nira Schwartz and Theodore Postol 2002 Karl Auerbach 2003 Mitch Kapor 2004 Barry Steinhardt 2005 Douglas Engelbart 2008 Bruce Schneier There is also a Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics awarded by American Mathematical Society and Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and a Norbert Wiener Award granted by the journal Kybernetes. See also Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics List of awards Prizes named after people External links http www.cpsr.org cpsr wiener.html Official website http www.cpsr.org about wiener wiener award List of winners http www.cpsr.org cpsr wiener speech.html Speech introducing the award http www.ilmarefilm.org W E 1.htm Documentary film about Norbert Wiener Award winner, Joseph Weizenbaum Weizenbaum. Rebel at Work. Category Awards established in 1987 Category Computer related awards ja ... more details
The American Bar Association Model Code of ProfessionalResponsibility , created by the American Bar Association ABA in 1969, was a set of professional standards designed to establish the minimum baseline of legal ethics and professionalresponsibility generally required of lawyers in the United States . It was replaced with the American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct Model Rules of Professional Conduct in 1983 for a number of reasons, especially the Watergate scandal . The Code was also subject to widespread criticism from bench and bar that it was structurally flawed, difficult to understand, hard to obey, and impossible to enforce. The Code consisted of Canons, Ethical Considerations, and Disciplinary Rules, of which the first two were aspirational and only the third was mandatory. This forced judges and lawyers to sort through a maze of Canons and Ethical Considerations just to understand the Disciplinary Rule that controlled a particular ethical issue. During a key debate in late January 1982 over whether to replace the Model Code with the Model Rules, one delegate referred to the nine canons, 129 ethical considerations and forty three disciplinary rules as a three dimensional chess game that lawyers played at their own peril. ref Center for ProfessionalResponsibility, A Legislative History The Development of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, 1982 2005 Chicago American Bar Association, 2006 , xiii xiv. ref The American legal community demanded simple bright line rule s that its members could quickly read, comprehend, and follow. In response ... the ABA s Canons of Professional Ethics 1908 , which in turn were borrowed from the Canons of the Alabama ... press pr2008 7.shtml Press Release New Attorney Rules of Professional Conduct Announced ... Rules verbatim, the advantage of adopting its overall structure is that it simplifies the professionalresponsibility training of New York lawyers, and makes it easier for out of state lawyers to conform ... more details
wiktionary Responsibility may refer to Civic responsibility Collective responsibility Cabinet collective responsibility , a constitutional Convention in Governments using the Westminster System Corporate responsibility Corporate social responsibility Diffusion of responsibility Diminished responsibility Human responsibilities Individual responsibility moral responsibility as applied to or by individuals Legal liability Media responsibility Ministerial responsibility , a constitutional convention guiding Cabinet ministers within Westminster style political systems Moral responsibility a set of concepts in ethics ProfessionalresponsibilityResponsibility assumption in spirituality and personal growth contexts Responsibility song , a song by the Christian punk band MxPx Single responsibility principle Social responsibility See also Accountability Blame Moral hazard Disambig Category Sociological terms fr Responsabilit it Responsabilit sv Ansvar ... more details
Parental responsibility Parental responsibility access and custody , in the European Union, refers to the bundle of rights and privileges that children have with their parents and significant others as the basis of their relationship Parental responsibility criminal , in Canada and the United States, refers to the potential liability that parents may incur for the acts and omissions of their children See also Parent Legal guardian disambig ... more details
Intellectual responsibility , sometimes referred to as epistemic responsibility , is a philosophical concept related to that of epistemic justification . ref Ash, T http www.philosofiles.com epistemology intellectual responsibility the concept responsibility justification and knowledge Responsibility, justification and knowledge , Intellectual Responsibility ref According to Frederick F. Schmitt, the conception of justified belief as epistemically responsible belief has been endorsed by a number of philosophers, including Roderick Chisholm 1977 , Hilary Kornblith 1983 , and Lorraine Code 1983 . ref Schmitt, F Epistemic Perspectivism , in Heil ed. , Rationality, Morality and Self Interest Essays Honoring Mark Carl Overvold Rowman and Littlefield, 1993 ref A separate concept was introduced by the linguist and public intellectual Noam Chomsky in an essay published as a special supplement by The New York Review of Books on 23 February 1967, entitled The Responsibility of Intellectuals . Chomsky argues that intellectuals should make themselves responsible for searching for the truth and the exposing of lies. Notes Reflist See also Intellectual rigor Justified true belief External links http www.nybooks.com articles 12172 The Responsibility of Intellectuals Noam Chomsky s essay, referred to above http www.philosofiles.com epistemology intellectual responsibility Intellectual Responsibility a graduate thesis epistemology Category Critical thinking Category Concepts in epistemology Category Ethical principles ... more details
for other types of responsibilityResponsibility disambiguation Unreferenced date December 2009 Media responsibility is a term for the belief that mass media have a basic responsibility to help strengthen and support democratic processes. Although this is a Subjectivity subjective concept, hard to define, arguments have been made for newspapers, television, radio, and perhaps types of Internet communication to act as a government wikt watchdog watchdog , as a gatekeeper and instrument to disseminate necessary information, and more popularly, as a reflection of cultural interests and trends. Because the news media typically amplifies popular backlash against unpopular groups during a moral panic , advocates of media responsibility also call for media outlets to refrain from sensationalizing related incidents. Otherwise, the resulting public outrage might manifest in ill conceived legislation against a folk devil or in popular vigilantism against the persecuted. DEFAULTSORT Media Responsibility Category Journalism ethics Category Mass media ... more details
The Statue of Responsibility is a proposed structure to be built on the West Coast of the United States . The prototype, sculpted by project artist Gary Lee Price , consists of a pair of clasped hands oriented vertically, symbolizing the wikt Special Search responsibilityresponsibility that comes with liberty . The Statue of Responsibility was suggested first by scholar Viktor Frankl in his book Man s Search for Meaning . He recommended that the Statue of Liberty on the East Coast of the United States East Coast should be supplemented by a Statue of Responsibility on the West Coast. His wrote Freedom, however, is not the last word. Freedom is only part of the story and half of the truth. Freedom is but the negative aspect of the whole phenomenon whose positive aspect is responsibleness. In fact, freedom is in danger of degenerating into mere arbitrariness unless it is lived in terms of responsibleness. ref Viktor Frankl Frankl, Viktor Emil 1956 Man s Search for Meaning , p. 209 210. ref ... Statue of Responsibility, DAILY HERALD. Retrieved, July 8, 2009. ref Plans The project is being managed by the non profit Statue of Responsibility Foundation. The project has progressed slowly, but in 2010 ... Utah Mr. Price s home state the Birthplace of the Statue of Responsibility. ref Moyer, Justin. 8 April ... unwillingly deferred Still lack funding to build Statue of Responsibility . Washington Post . Accessed 3 September 2011. ref 2010 also saw the Statue of Responsibility Foundation sign a strategic alliance with a large volunteer organization, the National Exchange Club . ref Statue of Responsibility ... intends to incorporate following elements of the Statue of Liberty into the Statue of Responsibility ... park References Reflist External links http www.sorfoundation.org Statue of Responsibility ... statue of responsibility gary lee price.html Photography of Statue of Responsibility & Gary Lee Price ... news kstu statue of responsibility unveiled utah,0,6104604.story Category Proposed buildings ... more details
Original research article date July 2007 Responsibility assumption is the doctrine that an individual has substantial or total Moral responsibilityresponsibility for the events and circumstances that befall ... adherents of responsibility assumption consider that whatever situation they find themselves in, their own past desires and choices must have led to that outcome. The term responsibility assumption has a specialized meaning beyond the general concept of taking responsibility for something, and is not to be confused with the general notion of making an assumption that a concept such as responsibility exists. In particular the general use of the term responsibility in everyday life and the legal field in particular is about assigning or apportioning blame for an event responsibility assumption suggests a greater ability to affect the future. Variations in degree of personal responsibility postulated The main variable within various interpretations of the responsibility assumption doctrine ... from partial but substantial to total responsibility. Partial but substantial responsibility In its forms positing less than total responsibility, the doctrine appears in nearly all motivational programs ... control our attitudes toward them. Total responsibility In its more absolute form, the doctrine ... is the threshold of reversed mental causality causation , where sufficient responsibility is assigned ... to the doctrine of responsibility assumption that would support these propositions and more. ref Espouse total responsibility http www.mrfire.com article archives new articles worlds most unusual therapist.html ...?top 21&mid 80&bottom 124&siteObjectID 368 this site states Responsibility, according to The Charter ... responsibility assumption in the 1970s although they did not explicitly use the term. Citation ... to suggest later Retributive justice retribution for earlier acts, while responsibility assumption ... doctrinal elements similar to responsibility assumption. Citation needed date February 2007 ... more details
cleanup date September 2010 A responsibility center is an organization unit that is headed by a manager who is responsible for its activities and results. ref Anthony, R. The Management Control Function, Boston, HBS, 1988, p.64. ref In Responsibility Accounting revenues and costs information are collected and reported by responsibility centers. ref Budgeting Basics and Beyond, Jae K. Shim Joel G. Siegel, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978 0 470 38968 3 ref Description An organization unit can be considered a responsibility center if it has a manager it has its own objectives guiding its activities and the manager has control over the resources needed to pursue the objectives. ref Jordan, H., Neves, J.C., Rodrigues, J.A. O Controlo de Gest o 6 Edi o, Lisbon, reas Editora, 2005, p.300, ISBN 972 8472 88 9. ref A decentralized environment results in highly dispersed decision making. As a result, it is imperative to monitor and judge the effectiveness of each manager. This is easier said than done. Not all departments Centers can be evaluated on the same basis because some do not generate any revenue they only incur costs in support of some necessary function. Other Centers that deliver goods ..., the part of an organization under the control of a manager is termed a responsibility center. To aid performance evaluation it is first necessary to consider the specific character of each responsibility center. Some responsibility centers are cost centers and others are profit centers. On a broader ... based on the core nature of the responsibility center. basic devices are essential to a well managed ... with their area of responsibility. The area of responsibility can be a department, product, plant, territory, division, or some other type of unit or segment. Usually, the attribution of responsibility ... Custom Edition e Text . Hoboken, New Jersey. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from ACC220. ref Types of responsibility centers There are four types of responsibility centers, according to the nature of the control ... more details
Responsibility , in the context of the law , may refer to A measure of mental capacity, used in deciding the extent to which a person can be held accountable for a crime see diminished responsibility . Specific duties imposed upon persons to care or provide for others, such as the parents duty to the child or the guardianship of a ward law ward . A person s role in causing an event to happen. A chain of causation means an individual is responsible for an event. This is part of the law of legal liability and public liability . Disambig ... more details
distinguish Collective guilt For the British Parliamentary discipline Cabinet collective responsibility for other types of responsibilityResponsibility disambiguation Unreferenced date September 2009 Collective responsibility is a concept or doctrine, according to which individuals are to be held responsible for other people s actions by tolerating, ignoring, or harboring them, without actively collaborating in these actions. In religion see also Corporate personality This concept is found in the Old Testament or Tanakh , some examples include the account of the Noah s Ark Flood , the Tower of Babel , Sodom and Gomorrah and in some interpretations, the Book of Joshua s Achan . In those records entire communities were punished on the act of the vast majority of their members, however it is impossible .... The practice of blaming the Jews for Jesus death is the longest example of collective responsibility ... Religions. Collective punishment main collective punishment Collective responsibility in the form of collective ... members, and hence an individual holds responsibility for what other members of their group have done ... group , capable of holding guilt or responsibility independent of any of the group s members. Shooting ... as Corporate Social Responsibility CSR and sustainability mature and converge with the responsibilities of governments and citizens, the term collective responsibility is beginning to be more widely used. Collective responsibility is widely applied in corporations, where the entire workforce is held ... ignored as it is not measurable on balance sheets. In culture The concept of collective responsibility ... Bad Boys 1983 film Bad Boys depict collective responsibility and punishment. See also Collective punishment Diffusion of responsibility Frankpledge Frith borh Gonin Gumi Reprisal War crime Further reading ... first editor link date year 2011 month title Responsibility based environmental governance trans title ... responsibility Collective Responsibility DEFAULTSORT Collective Responsibility Category Political ... more details
Other uses Responsibility disambiguation Orphan date February 2009 Responsibility is a novel by New Zealand author Nigel Cox author Nigel Cox , published by Victoria University Press in 2005. ref cite news url http www.nzherald.co.nz books news article.cfm?c id 134&objectid 10329105 title Nigel Cox Responsibility work New Zealand Herald accessdate June 11, 2011 author Barton, Chris ref The novel is set in contemporary Berlin , and tells the story of an expatriate New Zealander who, whilst working as a consultant for Germany German museum s, becomes embroiled in criminal activity out of boredom. The novel is notable for combining Hardboiled noir and detective fiction clich s with comedy , as well as having a serious emotional centre. Much of the book s source material is drawn from Nigel Cox s own experiences living in Berlin, and working at the Jewish Museum Berlin Jewish Museum there, between 2000 and 2005. See also portal Novels Nigel Cox author Nigel Cox Dirty Work New Zealand novel Victoria University Press References reflist External links ISBN 978 0864734969 DEFAULTSORT Responsibility Novel Category 2005 novels Category New Zealand novels Category Museums in popular culture Category Berlin culture 2000s novel stub ... more details
The laws of state responsibility are the principles governing when and how a Sovereign state state is held Moral responsibility responsible for a breach of an international obligation . Rather than set forth any particular obligations, the rules of state responsibility determine, in general, when an obligation ... rules that address basic issues of responsibility and remedies available for breach of primary ... of the law of state responsibility was not well developed. The position has now changed, with the adoption of the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts Draft ... doc.asp?symbol A 56 10 28SUPP 29 Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally ... special rules of responsibility. History Traditionally, the term state responsibility referred only to state responsibility for injuries to Alien law aliens . It included not only secondary issues ... by the League of Nations and private bodies to codify the rules of state responsibility reflected the traditional focus on responsibility for injuries to aliens. ref See Y. Matsui, The Transformation of the Law of State Responsibility 1993 20 Thesaurus Acroasium 1. ref The League s 1930 Codification ... and develop the rules of state responsibility have continued throughout the life of the United Nations ... responsibility concerning matters such as detention and physical ill treatment of aliens and their right ... regime of legal responsibility, which the rules of state responsibility have taken on, is an inception ... tradition. Codification The topic of state responsibility was one of the first 14 areas provisionally ... Law Commission 277, at 281. ref When the ILC listed the topic for codification in 1953, state responsibility ... view that state responsibility encompasses the breach of an international obligation. ref http untreaty.un.org ... on state responsibility, F.V. Garc a Amador of Cuba , appointed in 1955 noted, It would be difficult ... on International Responsibility http untreaty.un.org ilc publications yearbooks Ybkvolumes 28e ... more details
for other types of responsibilityResponsibility disambiguation Psychology sidebar Diffusion of responsibility ... responsibility for an action or inaction when others are present. Considered a form of attribution ... a certain critical size and when responsibility is not explicitly assigned. It rarely occurs when the person .... M. & Latan , B. 1968 . Bystander intervention in emergencies diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality .... 1987 . Attributions of responsibility for collective endeavors. Review of Personality and Social Psychology , 8, 167 188. ref Conditions Diffusion of responsibility occurs in large group settings and under ... responsibility to take action. The Murder of Kitty Genovese is the classic case study for diffusion of responsibility in a prosocial situation. It has been demonstrated that the likelihood of a person ... effect . ref name Darley J In addition, diffusion of responsibility is more likely to occur ... of feelings of personal responsibility for the consequences. ref name Mathes E Mathes, E. W. & Kahn, A. 1975 . Diffusion of responsibility and extreme behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ... behavior performed by their group. Diffusion of responsibility is also a causal factor governing ...., & Bem, D. J. 1964 . Diffusion of responsibility and level of risk taking in groups. Journal of Abnormal ... of the popular mind. London Transaction. ISBN 978 1 56000 788 3. ref Diffusion of responsibility ... of people working on a task who lose motivation, feel less responsibility for achievement of group ... effect and diffusion of responsibility. In 1968 and a series of experiments that followed, John .... & Brun, W. 2011 . Responsibility is divisible by two, but not three or four Judgments of responsibility .... ref name Bickman L Bickman, L. 1975 . Social influence and diffusion of responsibility in an emergency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 8, 438 445. ref In one study, diffusion of responsibility ... also influence behavior positively in the event that one bystander takes responsibility for the situation ... more details
for other types of responsibilityResponsibility disambiguation no footnotes date February 2010 Social responsibility is an ethics ethical ideology or theory that an entity , be it an organization or individual , has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every ... of the society and environment. Social responsibility means sustaining the equilibrium between ... the environment. ref Perceptions and Definitions of Social Responsibility http inni.pacinst.org inni corporate social responsibility standards definitions.pdf, p.1. ref This responsibility can be passive ... argue that Corporate social responsibility CSR distracts from the fundamental economic role of businesses .... Arlington, NY Flat World Knowledge.p.3. ref Student Social Responsibility Student social responsibility or SSR is the responsibility of every student for his her actions. It is morally binding on everyone ... the base for CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility because if everyone in a business organization does ... or Christianity great stress has been laid upon individual social responsibility. In the Bhagwat Gita ... and vice versa. Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR has been ... social responsibility http www.mallenbaker.net csr definition.php p.6. ref Emerging Normative Status of Social Responsibility Social responsibility as a non binding, or soft law principle has received ... social responsibility ISO 26000 Social Responsibility. Due for publication in 2010, this standard will encourage voluntary commitment to social responsibility and will lead to common guidance on concepts ... Organization for Standardization. 2009 , Social Responsibility ISO 26000, Web site http www.iso.org sr p.8. ref See also Scuppie Corporate Social Responsibility Social enterprise Social entrepreneurship ... International References references Haynes, T. n.d. . Social Responsibility and Organizational Ethics. Retrieved May 8, 2010, from Answers.com http www.answers.com topic social responsibility ... more details
The responsibility to protect RtoP or R2P is a United Nations initiative established in 2005. It consists ..., but a responsibility. ref Cite web last Iqbal first Zareen title Democratic Republic of Congo DRC ... accessdate 2012 January 7 ref The Responsibility to Protect has three pillars . A state has a responsibility to protect its population from mass atrocities, The international community has a responsibility ... community has the responsibility to intervene through coercive measures such as economic sanctions ... Cristina G. title Humanitarian intervention and the responsibility to protect security and human ... responsibility 22&hl en&sa X&ei n8oLT52iE6Lq0gHWrpT8BQ&ved 0CDMQ6AEwAA v onepage&q 22The 20three 20pillars ... Philip, ed. last1 Hehir first1 Aidan title Critical Perspectives on the Responsibility to Protect Interrogating ... Chapter 7, The responsibility to protect and international law chapterurl http books.google.ca books?id k206yi2PlWUC&pg PA84&dq 227 The responsibility to protect and international law 22&hl en&sa ... responsibility to protect as a way to avoid the right to intervene or obligation to intervene ... 7410 8 ref In December 2001, the ICISS released its report, The Responsibility to Protect . The report presented the idea that sovereignty is a responsibility and that the international community had the responsibility to prevent mass atrocities. Economic, political, and social measures were to be used ... Mohamed, Co chairs authorlink1 Gareth Evans politician authorlink2 title The Responsibility to Protect ... Union pioneered the concept that the international community has a responsibility to intervene in crisis ... second. Paragraphs 138 and 139 state quotation 138. Each individual State has the responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. This responsibility ... and necessary means. We accept that responsibility and will act in accordance with it. The international community should, as appropriate, encourage and help States to exercise this responsibility ... more details
For the Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern Chain of responsibility pattern Refimprove date July 2007 Rewrite date December 2009 The chain of responsibility is a policy concept used in Australian transport legislation to place legal obligations on parties in the transport supply chain or across transport industries generally. The concept was initially developed to apply in the heavy vehicle industry ... of responsibility concept initially developed out of a recognition that unlawful behaviour by truck ... and regulate the actions of other key parties. Chain of responsibility laws therefore seek to provide ... of responsibility has had an important impact in the transport industry by ensuring that all parties ... States a court examined the chain of responsibility and found McDonald s to be Liebeck ... into the Second Lebanon War considered the chain of responsibility in looking at Ministerial Accountability ..., personal responsibility extends to accountability. Accountability, on the other hand, can turn into personal responsibility when failure at lower levels is the result of a lack of proper supervision ... a chain of responsibility and in case of a failure, the responsibility passes from lower echelons to higher ones. Victorian reforms Transport Legislation Review In recent years, the chain of responsibility ... in safety regulation ... T the legislation does not establish a coherent chain of responsibility ... to affect safety and clearly identifies the roles and the safety chain of responsibility between them. The duties emphasise the responsibility of each participant to take steps as far as reasonably ... 2005. ref The Rail Safety Act which emerged from that process therefore imposes a chain of responsibility .... Accountability at law and sanctions and penalties are allocated according the level of responsibility ... Bill in June 2006 which drew heavily on the Victorian work including its adaption of the chain of responsibility ... Chain of Responsibility Category Core issues in ethics Category Social issues ... more details
refimprove date February 2010 Acceptance of responsibility is a provision in the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines providing for a decrease by 2 or 3 levels in offenders offense level for admitting guilt and otherwise demonstrating behavior consistent with acceptance of responsibility, such as ending criminal conduct and associations. It amounts to a sentence reduction of about 35 . ref citation volume 54 publisher Stan. L. Rev. pages 311 date 2001 2002 title Apprendi and the Dynamics of Guilty Pleas author Bibas, Stephanos url http heinonlinebackup.com hol cgi bin get pdf.cgi?handle hein.journals stflr54§ion 17 ref The 3 level reduction is only available to defendants with an offense level of 16 or greater, and it requires a timely guilty plea. Federal plea agreement s usually include a stipulation that the government will support granting the defendant the acceptance of responsibility reduction. The guideline states, in reference to the 2 level reduction ref name guideline citation url http ... of responsibility for his criminal conduct even though he exercises his U.S. Constitution constitutional ..., a determination that a defendant has accepted responsibility will be based primarily upon pre trial ... influence on the sentence reduction for acceptance of responsibility. ref citation url http www.informaworld.com ... for the Fifth Circuit has held that lack of remorse and acceptance of responsibility can be separate ... of Responsibility The Structure, Implementation, and Reform of Section 3E1.1 of the Federal Sentencing ... hein.journals illlr91§ion 51 ref Some courts use the acceptance of responsibility guideline .... ref citation 78 N.Y.U. L. Rev. pages 2103 year 2003 title Remorse, Responsibility, and Regulating ... has accepted responsibility for his crime is a factual determination to which most ... interests. For several reasons, a defendant who clearly demonstrates acceptance of responsibility ... is appropriately given a lower offense level than a defendant who has not demonstrated acceptance of responsibility ... more details
for other types of responsibilityResponsibility disambiguation Freedom Moral responsibility usually ..., is a principle concern of ethics . People who have moral responsibility for an action are usually ... 7, 2012 date February 2012 that agency, and thus moral responsibility, requires free will. Thus ... responsibility responsible for their actions, and will say that they deserve praise or blame for what they do. However, moral responsibility is not necessarily the same as legal responsibility . A person ... will , they will have different views on moral responsibility. Incompatibilism Metaphysical libertarianism ... causally determined, allowing for the possibility of free will and thus moral responsibility. All ... of alternate possibilities, which posits that moral responsibility requires that we could have ... Responsibility . In Experimental Philosophy . Knobe, Joshua, and Nichols, Shaun eds. year 2008 publisher ... sometimes avoid incrimination and responsibility by hiding behind determinism ...we are always ready ... choices, regardless of genes and other such factors. ref Vuoso, G. 1987 Background Responsibility and Excuse ... individual character or freely willed acts. The insanity defense or its corollary, diminished responsibility ..., D. L. 2003 Evaluation of criminal responsibility . In Forensic psychology. vol. 11 ed. A. M. Goldstein ... conception of moral responsibility. It suggests that any given action, and even a person s character ... St. Paul , in his Epistle to the Romans addresses the question of moral responsibility as follows ... of moral responsibility is founded on libertarian and Dualism philosophy of mind dualist intuitions ... of adolescence developmental immaturity, diminished responsibility, and the juvenile death penalty ..., be said to have less responsibility for his actions. ref name Greene Greene and Cohen predict ... responsibility will move away from the intuitive libertarian notion that currently underpins ... for moral responsibility is not in the offing. ref name Pereboom 2005 228 247 cite book last Pereboom ... more details
and suggested setting up a House of Responsibility in the house where Adolf Hitler was born. ref http root.riskommunal.net gemeinde braunau gemeindeamt html zhous1.htm History as responsibility House of Responsibility ref Past Present Future The Braunau review presented the idea on May 4, 2000 File .... Because of this there should take place a constant exchange of ideas. The House of Responsibility ... Das Prinzip Verantwortung The concept responsibility written by Hans Jonas in 1979. Realisation The project couldn t be realized in the following years but the idea of taking responsibility remained ... of Responsibility in Hitler s Birthhouse in Austria s Newspaper Kurier . ref http www.hrb.at ... References references External links http www.hrb.at House of Responsibility http www.gedenkdienst.org ... more details
unreferenced date February 2009 Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Responsibility Cover Caption Artist MxPx from Album The Ever Passing Moment A side B side Released 2000 Format Vinyl record Vinyl Recorded Genre Pop punk Length 2 40 Label A&M Records A&M Writer Producer Jerry Finn Certification Chart position Last single The Broken Bones br 2000 This single Responsibility br 2000 Next single Everything Sucks When You re Gone br 2004 Misc Responsibility is a song by pop punk band MxPx . It was released in 2000 and appeared on their sixth album The Ever Passing Moment and was a minor radio hit, peaking at 24 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart. The video, which is directed by The Malloys , features Mike, Tom, and Yuri messing around and causing mayhem while caddying at a golf course, and also includes an appearance by Cheers star George Wendt . The song was featured in the Daria Television Movie Is It Fall Yet? . MxPx Category MxPx songs Category 2000 singles punk song stub ... more details
for other types of responsibilityResponsibility disambiguation citations missing date December 2007 Criminal defenses In criminal law , diminished responsibility or diminished capacity is a potential ... 830 , stated, the defense of diminished responsibility ...was first recognized by Scotland Scottish ... see s50 Children and Young Persons Act 1933 , and his mental responsibility for his acts was substantially ... be no defense of diminished capacity, diminished responsibility, or irresistible impulse ... 2012 02 19 ref English law For the full page, see diminished responsibility in English law Scottish ... diminished responsibility. In HM Advocate v Savage 1923 JC 49 Robert Munro, 1st Baron Alness Lord ... that there must be a mind so affected that responsibility is diminished from full responsibility to partial responsibility. In other words, the prisoner in question must be only partially accountable ... for diminished responsibility and the various factors mentioned by Lord Alness were regarded as being ... need not be one bordering on insanity. Instead the court ruled that diminished responsibility ... and diminished responsibility ref http www.scotlawcom.gov.uk downloads rep195.pdf Scottish Law Commission Report on Insanity and Diminished Responsibility, 2004 ref Australia and India At present, Diminished Responsibility exists as a statutory partial defence in most Australian jurisdictions ... Notes reflist References Boland, F, Diminished Responsibility as a Defence in Irish Law , 1995 5 Irish Criminal Law Journal 193. Boland, F, Diminished Responsibility as a Defence in Irish Law Past English ... Responsibility Reconsidered , 1982 CLR 809. Griew, E, Reducing Murder to Manslaughter Whose Job? 1986 12 Journal of Medical Ethics 18. Griew, E, The Future of Diminished Responsibility , 1988 CLR 75. Scottish Law Commission. Discussion Paper on Insanity and Diminished Responsibility. Discussion Paper ... and Practice Civil and Criminal Aspects Dublin Thomson Round Hall, 2009 DEFAULTSORT Diminished Responsibility ... more details
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