Infobox disease Name Prognathism Image Prognathism3.png Caption DiseasesDB 29354 ICD10 ICD10 K 07 1 k 00 ICD9 ICD9 524.10 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D011378 Prognathism also ... . The word prognathism derives from Greek pro forward and gnathos jaw . One or more types of prognathism ... s top tooth teeth and lower teeth do not align properly. Presentation The vast majority of prognathism in humans is due to normal variation among phenotypes . In human populations where prognathism ... Prognathism Bot generated title ref Prognathism is considered a disorder only if it affects mastication ... types of prognathism as it includes assessments of skeletal base, occlusal plane angulation, facial ... and skeletal relationships and determine a treatment plan. Maxillary prognathism is a protrusion of the maxilla ... it to jut out, thereby increasing the facial area. Mandibular prognathism is a protrusion of the mandible, affecting the lower third of the face. Alveolar prognathism is a protrusion of that portion of the maxilla where the teeth are located, in the dental lining of the upper jaw. Prognathism can ... prognathism which causes an alignment of the maxillary incisors significantly anterior ... reverse overjet . Classification Alveolar prognathism Image Alveolprog.jpg thumb 175px right Alveolar prognathism, caused by thumb sucking and tongue thrusting in a 7 year old girl. Not all alveolar prognathism is anomalous, and significant differences can be observed among different ethnic ... can result in or exaggerate an alveolar prognathism, causing teeth to misalign. Functional appliances ... of correcting this condition. Alveolar prognathism easily can be corrected also with fixed orthodontic ... is used. Maxillary prognathism In disease states, maxillary prognathism is associated with Cornelia ... generated title ref however, so called false maxillary prognathism, or more accurately, retrognathism , where there is a lack of growth of the mandible, is by far a more common condition. Prognathism ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Jaw abnormality Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 07 0 k 00 ICD10 K 07 1 k 00 ICD9 ICD9 524.04 ICD9 524.10 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D007569 A jaw abnormality is disorder in the formation or shape of the jaw . It can involve malocclusion . Types include Micrognathism Prognathism Retrognathism Pierre Robin syndrome Dentofacial anomalies and jaw disease Category Jaw disorders Category Article Feedback 5 disease stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date November 2007 Macrognathia refers to the condition of abnormally large jaw s. It is also called as megagnathia . Etiology Heredity Pituitary gigantism Paget s disease of bone osteitis deformans Acromegaly Leontiasis ossea Clinical appearance Mandibular protrusion when human mandible mandible is affected Gummy smile when maxilla is affected Ramus of mandible forms a less steep angle with body of mandible Mandibular prognathism caused by excessive Condyloid process condylar growth Chin appears prominent Treatment Treatment is surgery surgical . Osteotomy Osteotomies may be done in case of maxillary macrognathia. Mandibular macrognathia is generally managed by Segmental resection resection of a portion of the mandible followed by orthodontia orthodontic treatment. References reflist Category Diseases and disorders Category head and neck ... more details
The retromolar space or retromolar gap is a space at the rear of a human mandible mandible , between the back of the last Molar tooth molar and the anterior edge of the ascending ramus of the mandible ramus where it crosses the Alveolar ridge alveolar margin . Retromolar gap is found in some Neandertals because they had midfacial prognathism . This caused the lower toothrow to move forward, which led to the retromolar gap. The pear shaped pad is a triangular shaped area of keratinized tissue that forms from the scarring after removal of the most distal molar. The retro molar pad is a non keratinized area of tissue and is a posterior continuation extension of the pear shaped pad. It is also known as piriformis papilla .It is a small inclination going up and posteriorly and is bordered by muscles in the back of the jaw. The denture base should only extend 1 2 to 2 3 up the retro molar pad. References reflist dentistry stub Category Dental anatomy ... more details
Orphan date September 2011 unreferenced date November 2008 Dogfaces is the name used by comic book fans to designate the usual anthropomorphic characters and extras in comic books drawn by Carl Barks and other creators of comic books and comic strips . Dogfaces usually resemble cartoon human beings, but with some special characteristics They have four fingers on each hand and four toes on each foot. They have the round black noses typical of dogs. In one Mickey Mouse comic strip, the statue of a Middle East ruler had a nose that was a giant black pearl. They have ears that are either pointed or droopy, like a dog s. They often have a prominent alveolar prognathism . The most famous Dogface is probably Goofy . His son Max and his nephew Gilbert are of course also Dogfaces. Children have argued for decades whether Goofy is a man or a dog. Bill Farmer , an actor who voices Goofy in cartoons, suggested that Goofy is the Missing Link between Dog and Man. Cartoonist Don Rosa apologized, tongue in cheek, for turning Theodore Roosevelt into a Dogface for the sake of consistency in the biography of Scrooge McDuck . See also Beagle Boys Chief O Hara Disney Comics Chief John O Hara Droopy Neighbor Jones Duckburg Underdog TV series Underdog Walt Disney Further reading The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck by Don Rosa Category Comics characters Category Anthropomorphism Category Fictional dogs Category Furry fandom Comics stub ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Infobox disease Name Bangstad syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 210740 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Bangstad syndrome is a severe, inherited congenital disorder associated with abnormalities of the cell membrane . It was characterized in 1989. ref name pmid2662702 cite journal author Bangstad HJ title Primordial birdheaded nanism associated with progressive ataxia, early onset insulin resistant diabetes, goiter and primary gonadal insufficiency. A new syndrome journal Acta Paediatr Scand volume 78 issue 3 pages 488 93 year 1989 month May pmid 2662702 doi 10.1111 j.1651 2227.1989.tb11119.x url author separator , author2 Beck Nielsen H author3 Hother Nielsen O display authors 3 last4 Nystad first4 ROY last5 Trygstad first5 Olav last6 Pedersen first6 Oluf last7 Aagenaes first7 ystein ref Presentation Presenting at birth, ref name BissonnetteLuginbuehl2006 cite book author1 Bruno Bissonnette author2 Igor Luginbuehl author3 Bernard J. Dalens title Syndromes rapid recognition and perioperative implications url http books.google.com books?id uRR1MYa w5wC&pg PT92 accessdate 29 June 2010 date 20 July 2006 publisher McGraw Hill Professional isbn 9780071354554 pages 92 ref features of the disorder include moderately severe IUGR , microcephaly , craniosynostosis , moderately severe post uterine growth retardation , deafness, deep set eyes, cryptorchidism , truncal obesity and acanthosis nigricans , small teeth, prognathism , dislocated radial heads without generalized skeletal dysplasia, however, tall vertebrae, moderate mental retardation, hypothyroidism , insulin resistance , hypoparathyroidism . References reflist Category Congenital disorders Category Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene Category Syndromes disease stub ... more details
class wikitable align right Post orbital constriction for various hominids ref name Cameron 304 Cameron 2004, pp 304 305 ref colspan 2 Increased constriction Gorilla 0.57 Paranthropus walkers P. walkeri br KNM WT 17000 0.57 Paranthropus boisei P. boisei br KNM ER 406 0.57 colspan 2 Intermediate Dryopithecus br RUD 77 0.73 Sahelanthropus br TM 266 01 060 1 0.59 Australopithecus 0.66 Paranthropus robustus P. robustus 0.70 Homo habilis br OH 24, KNM ER 1813 0.72 Kenyanthropus rudolfensis K. rudolfensis 0.70 Homo ergaster H. ergaster 0.75 Pongo 0.66 Pan genus Pan 0.70 colspan 2 Reduced constriction Praeanthropus 0.80 colspan 2 Absolutely reduced constriction Homo sapiens 0.92 In physical anthropology , post orbital constriction is a narrowing of the cranium skull just behind the eye sockets the orbits, hence the name , in primates &mdash including primitive hominids . This constriction is very noticeable in non human primates, slightly less so in Australopithecines , even less in Homo erectus and the most primitive Homo sapiens . It completely disappears in modern Homo sapiens. Thus, it is a useful, quantifiable measure of how far along the evolutionary path a hominid fossil might be placed. Post orbital constriction is defined by an index of minimum frontal breadth MFB behind the supraorbital torus divided by maximum upper facial breadth bifrontomalare temporale, BFM . For extant hominids the index value ranges from 0.46 to 0.8, with a mean index value of 0.66. ref name Cameron 304 See also Alveolar prognathism Notes Reflist References Cite book url http books.google.se books?id SwzHI1vesyIC&pg PT316 title Bones, stones, and molecules out of Africa and human origins first1 David W. last1 Cameron first2 Colin P. last2 Groves publisher Academic Press date 2004 isbn 0121569330 Category Physical anthropology Musculoskeletal stub Anthropology stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 29227 ICD10 ICD10 Q 78 5 q 65 ICD9 ICD9 756.9 ICDO OMIM 265900 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Metaphyseal dysplasia , also known as Pyle s disease ref cite journal last Pyle first Edwin authorlink coauthors date Oct. 1, 1931 title A Case of unusual bone development journal Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery volume 13 issue 4 pages 874 876 publisher location Needham, Massachusetts url http www.ejbjs.org cgi reprint 13 4 874 accessdate Aug. 18, 2009 ref , Pyle s syndrome , Pyle Cohn syndrome , and Bakwin Krida syndrome ref WhoNamedIt synd 1140 ref is a rare disease in which the outer part of the shafts of long bones is thinner than normal and there is an increased chance of fracture s. Clinical features It is an autosomal recessive disorder in which mild clinical manifestations contrast with radiological appearances of gross metaphyseal undermodeling. Most patients present with mild genu valgum. The elbows are unable to extend fully. There may be widening of the lower femora and clavicles. Bones can sometimes be fragile, but fracturing is usually not common. Patients may present with dental caries, mandibular prognathism, spinal alignment, and disproportionate limb lengthening. Mental development, physical development, and height are usually normal. ref Syndrome of the month. Journal of Medical Genetics, 1987, 24, 321 322 ref Misdiagnosis Pyle disease may be confused with craniometaphyseal dysplasia. The two, however, are clinically, radiographically, and genetically distinct from one another. ref The radiological manifestations of metaphyseal dysplasia Pyle disease . The British Journal of Radiology, 1979, June, 52 618 431 40. ref Treatment People with Pyle disease are often asymptomatic . Dental anomalies may require orthodontic interventions. Skeletal anomalies may require orthopedic surgery. ref Syndrome of the month. Journal of Medical Genetics, 1987, 24, 323 324. ref References reflist diseas ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image crossbite.jpg Caption Unilateral Posterior Crossbite. DiseasesDB ICD10 K07.2 ICD9 ICD9 524.27 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Crossbite is an occlusal irregularity where a tooth or teeth has a more cheek buccal or lingual position that is, the tooth is either closer to the cheek or to the tongue than its corresponding antagonist tooth in the upper or lower arcade. Terminology and classification Crossbite can involve a single tooth or a group of teeth. It can be classified in anterior or posterior and bilateral or unilateral. An anterior cross bite can not be referred as Malocclusion negative overjet , and is typical of class III skeletal relations prognathism . Posterior crossbite is often correlated to a narrow maxilla and upper dental arch. A posterior cross bite can be unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral cross bite often determines a lateral shift of the mandibular position, which can become structural if left untreated for a long time during growth, leading to skeletal asymmetries. Posterior crossbite is also known as reverse articulation . ref name ScheidWoelfel2007 cite book author1 Rickne C. Scheid author2 Julian B. Woelfel title Woelfel s dental anatomy its relevance to dentistry url http books.google.com books?id iVGbPei7gZ4C&pg PT379 accessdate 22 April 2010 year 2007 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 9780781768603 pages 379 ref Treatment There are several therapies that can be used to correct a cross bite dental braces braces , Quad Helix quad helix , removable plates, clear aligner therapy, or a Delaire mask. The correct therapy should be decided by the orthodontist depending on the type and severity of the crossbite. References reflist Orthodontology Dentofacial anomalies and jaw disease Category Jaw disorders dentistry stub de Kreuzbiss ja ... more details
File Zuttiyeh.jpg thumb Entrance to Zuttiyeh cave, Galilee The Zuttiyeh cave , also Mugharet el Zuttiyeh, is a prehistoric site in Galilee , Israel . ref http pfpuech.newsvine.com news 2011 12 17 9517047 the zuttiyeh specimen from israel galilee skullThe Zuttiyeh specimen from Israel, Galilee Skull ref It is situated 0.8 km from the Nahal Amud Wadi Amud outlet, approximately 30 m above the wadi bed 148 m below sea level . It was found to house a fossil today known as Galilee Man or Palestine Man , the first ancient fossilised hominid found in Western Asia . The cave was excavated in 1925 1926 by Francis Turville Petre . ref http books.google.co.il books?id 5TRHOmTUTP4C&pg PA320&lpg PA320&dq zuttiyeh&source bl&ots WA bnv65zs&sig jRwGDBH1baE53BjKCWk6aZm65yA&hl en&sa X&ei x5FlT6ffHcSX1AXEldW CA&redir esc y v onepage&q zuttiyeh&f false The human lineage, Matt Cartmill, Fred H. Smith ref He discovered a skull, referred to as the Galilee skull, that was described as the second Neanderthal like specimen. It was originally attributed to a Mousierian level. Later studies showed that the face was relatively flat, with no evidence of Neanderthal like facial prognathism. ref http books.google.co.il books?id 5TRHOmTUTP4C&pg PA320&lpg PA320&dq zuttiyeh&source bl&ots WA bnv65zs&sig jRwGDBH1baE53BjKCWk6aZm65yA&hl en&sa X&ei x5FlT6ffHcSX1AXEldW CA&redir esc y v onepage&q zuttiyeh&f false The human lineage, Matt Cartmill, Fred H. Smith ref The frontal bone and part of the upper face were found in the Mugharan level, estimating the age of the fossil to 300 200 Ka. References reflist Further reading Marta Miraz n Lahr, http books.google.co.uk books?id vfpYrleTsMcC&dq Zuttiyeh qafzeh&source gbs navlinks s The evolution of modern human diversity a study of cranial variation Eric Delson, Ian Tattersall, John A. Van Couvering, http books.google.co.uk books?id E8z9YZZiKHgC&dq Zuttiyeh qafzeh&source gbs navlinks s Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory Category Prehistoric sites in I ... more details
. Dental problems and prevention Image Alveolprog.jpg thumb 125px left Alveolar prognathism, caused ... also Stereotypic movement disorder Prognathism References Reflist External links http www.ada.org ... more details
Ethiopid also known as Aethiopid , Eastern Hamite or Erythriote is an historical Race classification of human beings racial classification of humans. Origin, distribution and physiognomy Image Africa countries horn.png thumb 100px Map of the Horn of Africa . Ethiopids were typically classified as a Caucasian race Europid sub race, with some Negroid Negrid admixture. In their stable form, their center of distribution was considered to be Northeast Africa. ref name Baker Baker, ch. 13. ref ref name TROE http carnby.altervista.org troe 11 08.htm The Races of Europe The Mediterranean Race in East Africa ref Physically, the classic Ethiopid was of medium height, with a dolicocephalic or mesocephalic skull see Cephalic index . Facial form was essentially Europid, with no prognathism and a rather prominent, narrow nose. Hair form was often ringlety and skin color invariably brown, with either a reddish or blackish tinge. It is not certain which Europid sub race formed the basis of this stock, but authorities often suggested Mediterranid or Proto Mediterranid and or Orientalid Arabid race Arabid ancestors. ref name Baker ref name TROE Ethiopid influence on Negrid populations Outside of their core area of distribution in Northeast Africa, Ethiopid elements could be found in the aristocratic or ruling classes of certain Pastoralism pastoralist Negrid tribes of Southeast Africa. Such Negrid Ethiopid hybridization produced mixed populations referred to in the anthropological literature as Nilo Hamites when the admixed Negrid tribe was of Nilotic origin such as the Maasai people Maasai . ref name Baker During the colonial period, European expatriates in Rwanda considered the Tutsi , in particular, to be representative of these later Negrid Ethiopid hybrid populations, and thus to be superior to the pure neighboring Hutu and Twa Negrids. This idea became popular among the Tutsi as well, who profited politically from it. ref name HRW cite web url http www.hrw.org reports 1999 rwan ... more details
name difd human mandible mandibular Prognathism Mandibular prognathism progenism prognathism protrusion ... in addition to maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism have also been observed in gerodermia ... more details
File Ludwig Meyer.jpg thumb Ludwig Meyer Ludwig Meyer December 27, 1827 &ndash February 8, 1900 was a German psychiatrist born in Bielefeld . In 1852 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Berlin , afterwards working as an assistant at Charit Hospital. Later he worked as a doctor at the insane asylum in Schwetz , and in 1856 was appointed chief physician at the city hospital in Hamburg . From 1866 until his death he was a professor of psychiatry at the University of G ttingen , as well as director of the mental institution associated with the university. Meyer was a pioneer of no restraint policy in German mental institutions, and is remembered for his innovative work performed in mental hospital administration. He published over 100 articles in medical journals, including influential works such as Das No restraint und die deutsche Psychiatrie The no restraint policy and German psychiatry and Studien zur forensischen Psychiatrie, speziell zur geminderten Zurechnungsf higkeit Studies of forensic psychiatry , especially for impaired mental capacity . Also he performed important research on the inflammatory nature of brain changes in general paresis , and is credited for introducing the standard modern concept of prognathism . ref http translate.google.com translate?hl en&sl de&u http bsbndb.bsb.lrz muenchen.de sfz62789.html&ei OrXXTvfUJerC2wWE6oTBDg&sa X&oi translate&ct result&resnum 10&ved 0CFkQ7gEwCTgK&prev search 3Fq 3D 2522Meyer, 2BLudwig 2522 2BBielefeld 26start 3D10 26hl 3Den 26sa 3DN 26biw 3D1024 26bih 3D571 26prmd 3Dimvnsob Deutsche Biographie ADB ref In 1867 with Wilhelm Griesinger 1817 1868 he founded the Archiv f r Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten . References http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 538&letter M biography Jewish Encyclopedia http bjp.rcpsych.org cgi pdf extract 46 193 406 British Journal of Psychiatry biography reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Meyer, Ludwig ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRI ... more details
a mandible prognathism. Requires a Mandible Osteotomy to correct. Image Alveolprog.jpg thumb 175px right Alveolar prognathism, maxillary osteotomy recommended. Image 06 06 06palataltori.jpg thumb 200px ... prognathism over and under bite . First, a Horizontal plane horizontal cut is made on the inner ... more details
in a patient with a translocation t 6 13 q21 q12 and microcephaly, microphthalmia, ectrodactyly, prognathism ..., and prognathism and related phenotypes journal BMC Med. Genet. volume 8 pages 48 year ... more details
unreferenced date June 2011 main Human physiology Human physical appearance refers to the outward phenotype or look of human beings. There are infinite variations in human phenotypes, though society reduces the variability to distinct categories. Physical appearance of humans, in particular those attributed which are regarded as important for physical attractiveness , are believed by anthropologist s to significantly affect the development of personality and social relations . Humans are acutely sensitive to their physical appearance, some theorize for reasons of evolution. Some differences in human appearance are genetics genetic , others are the result of senescence age , Lifestyle sociology lifestyle or disease , and many are the result of personal adornment . Some people have traditionally linked some differences in personal appearance such as skeletal shape with Race classification of human beings ethnicity , such as prognathism or elongated stride. Different cultures place different degrees of emphasis on physical appearance and its importance to social status and other phenomena. Factors affecting physical appearance Various factors are considered relevant in relation to the physical appearance of humans. Physiological differences Genetic, racial, ethnic affiliation Human height Height , body weight , human skin tone skin tone , body hair , sexual organ s, mole skin marking moles , birthmark s, freckle s, hair color , hair texture , eye color , eye shape, human nose nose shape, ear s shape, body shape Body deformations, mutilations and other variations such as amputation s, scar s, Burn injury burn s and wound s. Long term physiological changes Senescence Aging Hair loss Short term physiological changes Blushing , crying , fainting , hiccup , stuttering , sexual arousal , reddening of the skin due to increased blood flow due to exertion. Sweating , shivering , nose bleeding , sun tanning skin color changes due to Sunlight sunshine or frost . Clothing, persona ... more details
of deficient growth in the mid facial bones, leading to a conditir What is this? prognathism. Other ... are a high arched palate, pseudomandibular prognathism appearing as prognathism mandibular prognathism , a narrow palate, and crowding of the teeth. See also Crouzon syndrome Pfeiffer ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Rabson Mendenhall syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 262190 MedlinePlus MeshName MeshNumber Rabson Mendenhall syndrome is a rare insulin receptor disorder ref name ird cite journal author Kasuga M, Kadowaki T title Insulin receptor disorders in Japan journal Diabetes Res Clin Pract. volume 24 issue Suppl. pages 145 151 year 1994 pmid 7859597 doi 10.1016 0168 8227 94 90242 9 ref characterized by severe insulin resistance, developmental abnormalities, and acanthosis nigricans . ref cite web title Rabson Mendenhall Syndrome publisher WebMD.com url http children.webmd.com Rabson Mendenhall Syndrome accessdate 2007 03 17 ref A hypertrophic pineal gland has been reported in some cases. ref name orphanet cite web title Rabson Mendenhall syndrome publisher orpha.net url http www.orpha.net static GB rabsonmendenhall syndrome.html accessdate 2007 03 17 ref Clinical presentation Rabson and Mendenhall described 3 sibling 2 girls, 1 boy who initially presented with dental and skin abnormalities, abdominal distention, and phallic enlargement. ref name Rabson 1956 cite journal author Rabson S, Mendenhall E title Familial hypertrophy of pineal body, hyperplasia of adrenal cortex and diabetes mellitus report of 3 cases journal Am J Clin Pathol volume 26 issue 3 pages 283 90 year 1956 pmid 13302174 ref The children demonstrated early dentition , a coarse, senile appearing wikt facies facies , and striking hirsutism . An adult growth of hair of head at 5 years of age was pictured in the case of one of the girls. In the older girl the genitalia were large enough at the age of 6 months to permit vaginal examination for diagnosis of a left ovarian tumor which was removed soon afterward. The children were mentally precocious. Prognathism and very thick fingernails as well as acanthosis nigricans were also described. Diabetes mellitus type 2 Insulin resistant diabetes developed, and the patients died during childhood of ketoacidosis and intercurrent ... more details
, de Villeneuve was reportedly struck by the prognathism of the skulls. ref name Verneau Ren Verneau ... with what de Villeneuve interpreted as prognathism led the discoverers to the conclusion that the Grimaldi ... of prognathism in the adolescent is hence speculative artificial and possibly intentionally ... face down. The position were changed when they were prepared for display. In order to make the prognathism ... more details
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