pp move indef Image Average prokaryote cell en.svg Right thumb 300px Cell structure of a bacteria bacterium , one of the two domains of prokaryotic life. The prokaryotes IPAc en icon p r o k r i . o t s or IPAc en p r o k r i t s are a group of organism s that lack a cell nucleus karyon , or any other cell membrane membrane bound organelle s. The organisms that have a cell nucleus are called eukaryote s. Most prokaryotes are unicellular , but a few such as myxobacteria have multicellular organism multicellular stages in their Biological life cycle life cycles . ref cite journal author Kaiser D title Coupling cell movement to multicellular development in myxobacteria journal Nat. Rev. Microbiol. volume 1 issue 1 pages 45 54 year 2003 month October pmid 15040179 doi 10.1038 nrmicro733 ref The word prokaryote comes from the Greek language Greek pro before karyon nut fruit nut or seed kernel . ref name bio1 Campbell, N. Biology Concepts & Connections . Pearson Education ... called plasmid s, in general these are regarded as a prokaryote feature, and many important genes ... out that the word prokaryote is based on what these organisms are not they are not eukaryotic , rather than what they are either archaea or bacteria . ref cite journal author Sapp J title The prokaryote ... the traditional two empire system . ref cite journal author Woese CR title There must be a prokaryote ..., and may have formed from endosymbiotic theory endosymbiosis of multiple prokaryote ancestors. The oldest ... wiki index.php Prokaryote versus eukaryote Prokaryote versus eukaryote, BioMineWiki ... map.php?s prokaryote Interactive visual of a prokaryote http www.thatquiz.org tq practice.html?cells imgmap Quiz on prokaryote anatomy NCBI scienceprimer Bacteria classification Archaea classification ... he pam Prokaryote ka kk ht Pwokary t la Prokaryota lv Prokariots ... ru sah simple Prokaryote sk Prokaryoty sl Prokarioti sr sh Prokariote ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Schizophyte is a botanical term, in the classification of Ferdinand Cohn Cohn , no longer widely used, meaning the class of primitive plants that reproduce solely by binary fission fission . The term is equivalent with the modern concept of bacteria or prokaryote . Wiktionary Category Prokaryotes Botany stub es Schizophyta pt Schizophyta ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 orphan date November 2009 In cell biology a stimulon is a collection of genes which may be in operon s and regulon s under regulation by the same stimulus. This term is generally used for prokaryote prokaryotic systems, for example quorum sensing in bacteria . Category Cell signaling Molecular cell biology stub ... more details
wiktionarypar bacteria The bacteria are a major group of Prokaryote prokaryotic living organisms. Bacteria may also refer to Bacteria malware or Rabbit Programs, a type of malicious software Bacteria, a fictional country in The Great Dictator List of Asterix characters Bacteria Bacteria , the wife of List of Asterix characters Unhygienix Unhygienix in the Asterix comics Bacteriidae , a family of South American stick insect s disambig ... more details
In cell biology and genetics , a regulon is a collection of genes or operon s under regulation by the same regulatory protein . This term is generally used for prokaryote prokaryotic systems, for example quorum sensing in bacteria . It is a group of operons genes spread around the chromosome but controlled by a common factor or stimulus. Multiple regulons can form a modulon . Category Cell biology de Regulon fr R gulon it Regulone pl Regulon pt Regulon ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Molecular virology is the study of virus biology virus es at the molecular level. In particular, this includes the analysis of individual viral genes and gene products, and their interaction with host human, plant or animal cellular proteins. This may include molecular analysis of Viral replication Viral pathogenesis Viral immunology Viral Immuno evasion Viral vaccine s diagnosis Diagnostic methods Antiviral chemotherapy Infection control measures Virus outbreak s See also molecular biology phage , the virus of bacterium bacteria prokaryote s viral plaque List of publications in biology Virology Important publications in virology Virus classification DEFAULTSORT Molecular Virology Category Virology ja ... more details
The mobilome is the total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome . Elements that can move within the genome transposable elements are the major constituents of the mobilome in eukaryote s. In prokaryote s, however, mobile genetic elements that can move between genomes, like prophage s and plasmid s, are also an important part of the mobilome. References Barkay, T. and Smets, B.F. 2005. Horizontal gene flow in microbial communities . ASM News 71 412 419. http www.unb.br ib cel microbiologia artigos 05THG.pdf PDF Frost, L.S. et al., 2005. Mobile genetic elements the agents of open source evolution . Nat. Rev. of Microbiology 3 722 732. Category Microbiology Category Genetics genetics stub ca Mobiloma ur ... more details
60S is the large ribosomal subunit in eukaryotes . ref MeshName 60S Ribosome Subunits ref It corresponds to 50S in prokaryote s. It consists of the following 5S ribosomal RNA 5S 28S 5.8S The following is a list of proteins contained within the 60S ribosome class wikitable Gene Protein RPL4 ribosomal protein L4 RPL7A ribosomal protein L7a RPL14 ribosomal protein L14 RPL18 ribosomal protein L18 RPL18A ribosomal protein L18a RPL19 ribosomal protein L19 RPL21 ribosomal protein L21 RPL27 ribosomal protein L27 RPL28 ribosomal protein L28 RPL29 ribosomal protein L29 RPL35 ribosomal protein L35 RPL37 ribosomal protein L37 RPLP2 ribosomal protein, large, P2 References reflist Ribosome subunits Category Ribosomal RNA biochem stub ca 60S ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Theta structure is an intermediate structure formed during the DNA replication replication of a circular DNA molecule prokaryote DNA , two replication fork s can proceed independently around the DNA ring and when viewed from above it resembles the Greek letter theta . Originally discovered by John Cairns biochemist John Cairns , it led to the understanding that in this case bidirectional DNA replication could take place. Proof of the bidirectional nature came from providing replicating cells with a pulse of tritium Analytical chemistry tritiated thymidine , quenching rapidly and then autoradiograph ing. Results showed that the radioactive thymidine was incorporated into both forks of the theta structure, not just one, indicating synthesis at both forks, in opposite directions around the loop. DEFAULTSORT Theta Structure Category DNA replication Molecular biology stub ... more details
Image Celltypes.png thumb 330px right Prokaryote cell right showing the nucleoid in comparison to a eukaryotic cell left showing the nucleus. The nucleoid meaning cell nucleus nucleus like is an irregularly shaped region within the cell biology cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genome genetic material . ref cite journal author Thanbichler M, Wang S, Shapiro L title The bacterial nucleoid a highly organized and dynamic structure journal J Cell Biochem volume 96 issue 3 pages 506 21 year 2005 pmid 15988757 doi 10.1002 jcb.20519 ref In contrast to the cell nucleus nucleus of a eukaryote eukaryotic cell, it is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane . The genome of prokaryotic organisms generally is a circular, double stranded piece of DNA , of which multiple copies may exist at any time. The length of a genome widely varies, but generally is at least a few million base pairs. A genophore is the DNA of a prokaryote. It is commonly referred to as a prokaryotic chromosome . The term chromosome is misleading for a genophore because the genophore lacks chromatin . ref Ris, H. 1961 . Ultrastructure and molecular organization of genetic systems. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 3, 95 120. ref The genophore is compacted through a mechanism known as supercoiling , ref cite journal author Benham C, Mielke S title DNA mechanics journal Annu Rev Biomed Eng volume 7 issue 1 pages 21 53 year 2005 pmid 16004565 doi 10.1146 annurev.bioeng.6.062403.132016 ref whereas a chromosome is additionally compacted via chromatin. The genophore is circular in most prokaryotes, and linear in very few. The circular nature of the genophore allows replication to occur without telomeres . ref cite book author Nelson D, Cox M year 2000 isbn 1 57259 153 6 title Principles of Biochemistry Third Edition pages 28 39 publisher Worth Publishers location New York ref Genophores are generally of a much smaller size than Eukaryotic chromosomes. A genophore can be as small as 580,073 base pairs Mycoplasma genitalium ... more details
Terrabacteria is a taxon containing approximately two thirds 6,157 sp. of prokaryote species, including those in the gram positive phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes as well as the phyla Cyanobacteria , Chloroflexi phylum Chloroflexi , and Deinococcus Thermus ref name ref1 Battistuzzi, F. U., A. Feij o, and S. B. Hedges. 2004. A genomic timescale of prokaryote evolution insights into the origin of methanogenesis, phototrophy, and the colonization of land. BMC Evol. Biol. 4 44. http www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov articlerender.fcgi?artid 533871. ref ref name ref2 Battistuzzi FU, Hedges SB February 2009 . A major clade of prokaryotes with ancient adaptations to life on land . Mol. Biol. Evol. 26 2 335 43. doi 10.1093 molbev msn247 . PMID 18988685. http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 26 2 335. ref . It derives its name terra land from the evolutionary pressures of life on land. Terrabacteria possess important adaptations such as resistance to environmental hazards e.g., desiccation, ultraviolet radiation, and high salinity and oxygenic photosynthesis. Also, the unique properties of the cell wall in gram positive taxa, which likely evolved in response to terrestrial conditions, have contributed toward pathogenicity in many species ref name ref2 . These results now leave open the possibility that terrestrial adaptations may have played a larger role in prokaryote evolution than currently understood ref name ref1 ref name ref2 . Terrabacteria was proposed in 2004 for Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Deinococccus Thermus ref name ref1 and was expanded later to include Firmicutes and Chloroflexi ref name ref2 . Other phylogenetic analyses ref name ref3 Bern M, Goldberg D 2005 . Automatic selection of representative proteins for bacterial phylogeny . BMC Evol. Biol. 5 1 34. doi 10.1186 1471 2148 5 34 . PMID 15927057. PMC 1175084. http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2148 5 34. ref have supported the close relationships of these phyla. Most species of prokaryotes not placed ... more details
Wiktionary for endogeneity in economics Endogeneity economics Endogenous substances are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell. ref cite web url http dictionary.reference.com search?q endogenous title Endogenous & 124 Define Endogenous at Dictionary.com publisher Dictionary.reference.com date accessdate 2011 07 11 ref Endogenous retrovirus es are caused by ancient infections of germ cell s in human s, mammal s and other vertebrate s. Their provirus es remain in the genome and are passed on to the next generation. Endogenous processes include the self sustained circadian rhythm s of plants and animals. In some biology biological systems, endogeneity biology endogeneity refers to the recipient of DNA usually in prokaryote s . However, due to homeostasis , discerning between internal and external influences is often difficult. Endogenous transcription factor s refers to those that are manufactured by the cell, as opposed to cloned transcription factors. The word endogenous IPA en n d d n s pron derives from the lang el , meaning proceeding from within inside coming from , the complement of exogenous lang el exo, outside proceeding from outside . Aspirin links here Notes reflist See also Endogeneity Endogenous preferences Endogenous growth theory Category Etymology cs Endogenn de Endogen fr Endog ne nl Endogeen aardwetenschappen no Endogen sr Endogen sv Endogen zh ... more details
unreferenced date October 2009 Protobionts are systems that are considered to have possibly been the precursors to prokaryotic cell s. If RNA is trapped inside, the system can use the RNA or select for it. A protobiont is an aggregate of abiogenesis abiotically produced organic molecules surrounded by a membrane or a membrane like structure. Protobionts exhibit some of the properties associated with life , including simple reproduction , metabolism and excitability, as well as the maintenance of an internal chemical environment different from that of their surroundings. It has been suggested that they are a key step in the origin of life on earth. Experiments by Sidney W. Fox and Aleksandr Oparin have demonstrated that they may be formed spontaneously, in conditions similar to the environment thought to exist on an early Earth. These experiments formed liposome s and microspheres , which have membrane structure similar to the phospholipid bilayer found in cell biology cell s. Nanobe s or nanobacteria , being too small to be functional living organisms, may be an example of naturally occurring protobionts. See also Abiogenesis Prokaryote s References reflist Origin of life Category Origin of life Category Molecular biology Biochem stub ca Protobiont de Protobiont es Protobionte fr Microgoutte ja pt Protobionte ru tr Eobiont ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 This article is about the DNA Polymerase. For the RNA Polymerase, see RNA polymerase II DNA polymerase II also known as DNA Pol II or Pol II is a prokaryote prokaryotic DNA polymerase most likely involved in DNA repair . The enzyme is 90 kDa in size and is coded by the POLB polB gene . DNA Pol II can synthesize DNA new base pairs at an average rate of between 40 and 50 nucleotides second. Strains lacking the gene show no defect in growth or replication. Synthesis of Pol II is induced during the stationary phase of cell growth. This is a phase in which little growth and DNA synthesis occurs. It is also a phase in which the DNA can accumulate mutation damage such as short gaps, which act as a block to DNA Pol III . Under these circumstances, Pol II helps to overcome the problem because it can reinitiate DNA synthesis downstream of gaps. Pol II has a low error rate but it is much too slow to be of any use in normal DNA synthesis. Pol II differs from Pol I in that it lacks a 5 3 exonuclease activity, and cannot use a nicked duplex template. See also DNA replication . DEFAULTSORT Dna Polymerase Ii Category DNA replication Category EC 2.7.7 Category Enzymes Transferase stub cs DNA polymer za II it DNA polimerasi II ... more details
Michael J. Chamberlin is a Professor Emeritus of biochemistry and molecular biology at University of California, Berkeley . His research focused on the gene expression in both prokaryote s and eukaryote s. ref citation title Promoters structure and function author Michael Chamberlin author2 Raymond L. Rodr guez publisher Praeger year 1982 isbn 9780030599194 ref He studied how RNA polymerase s initiated and terminated Transcription genetics transcription . He became a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1986. Chamberlin has trained leading molecular biologists who now hold positions throughout academia. Some of his former Ph.D. students include Robert Kingston Harvard , Karen Arndt U. Pittsburgh , Alice Telesnitsky U. Michigan , Tom Kerppola U. Michigan , John Helmann Cornell , David Arnosti Michigan State , Leticia M rquez Maga a San Francisco State , and Tracy Johnson UC San Diego . In 2001, Chamberlin was recognized for his lifelong contribution to scientific research and training with the Sigma Xi Monie A. Ferst Award. References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Chamberlin, Michael ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Professor of biochemistry and molecular biology DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Chamberlin, Michael Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Category Biochemists US biochemist stub ... more details
unreferenced date September 2008 Merozygote is a state when a cell, usually bacterial, is temporarily diploid as result of DNA transfer processes like bacterial conjugation conjugation . One example of how merozygotes can be formed is the transfer of genetic material during an HFR transformation. In HFR transformation, an F prokaryote transfers its F factor into an Hfr cell . This F factor plasmid is incorporated into Hfr DNA. When Hfr mates with an F cell, the chromosome acts as a rolling circle transferring information across a Pilus sex pilus . The F factor is the last thing on the circle and often isn t transferred to the F cell, so it remains an F cell, but has all the extra DNA sequence genetic information from the transferred Hfr chromosome. This temporary partial diploid of the DNA may lead to recombination between the corresponding portions of the DNA, so that the genetic material of the donor may be incorporated into the chromosome of the recipient, thereby altering the genotype of the recipient. However, if no recombination occurs, the linear fragment of donor DNA in the recipient cytoplasm will be lost after one cycle. These merozygotes help to study dominance variation and mutation can be known. biology stub Category Cells ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 unreferenced date March 2008 Eukaryotic chromosome structure refers to the levels of packaging from the raw DNA molecules to the chromosome chromosomal structures seen during metaphase in mitosis or meiosis . Structure In eukaryote s the chromosomes are found packaged within a cell nucleus nuclear membrane, unlike the case in prokaryote s. This membrane consists of a DNA double helix bound to an octamer of core histone s 2 dimers of H2A and H2B, and an H3 H4 tetramer . Together, the DNA bound around this histone core forms what is known as the nucleosome . About 147 base pairs of DNA coil around 1 octamer, and 20 base pair s are sequestered by the addition of the linker histone H1 , and various length of linker DNA 0 100 bp separate the nucleosomes. Packaging of DNA is facilitated by the electrostatic charge distribution phosphate groups cause DNA to have a negative charge, whilst the histones are positively charged. Most eukaryotic cells contain histones with a few exceptions as well as the kingdom Archaea , a protist group. Histones are positively charged molecules as they contain lysine and arginine in larger quantities and DNA is neatively charged. So they make a strong ionic bond in between them to form nucleosome. Category Molecular genetics Category DNA genetics stub ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Refimprove date June 2008 In the regulation of gene expression in prokaryote s, anti sigma factors bind to RNA polymerase s and inhibit Transcription genetics transcription al activity. Anti sigma factors have been found in a number of bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella , and in the T4 bacteriophage . Anti sigma factors are antagonists to the sigma factors, which regulate numerous cell processes including flagellar production, stress response, transport and cellular growth. For example, anti sigma factor 70 Rsd in E. coli is present in the stationary phase and blocks the activity of sigma factor 70 which in essence initiate gene transcription. This allows the sigma S factor to associate with RNA polymerase and direct the expression of the stationary genes. Although binding of Rsd to 70 has been shown and numerous structural studies on Rsd have been performed the detailed mechanism of action is still unknown. ref cite journal last Nina first Hofmann coauthors Wurm R, Wagner R, title The E. coli Anti Sigma Factor Rsd Studies on the Specificity and Regulation of Its Expression journal PLoS ONE year 2011 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0019235 url http www.plosone.org article info 3Adoi 2F10.1371 2Fjournal.pone.0019235 ref References Reflist Transcription factors Category Gene expression biochem stub ... more details
Image 10 small subunit.gif thumb Atomic structure of the 30S Subunit from Thermus thermophilus . Proteins are shown in blue and the single RNA strand in orange. ref name Schluenzen cite journal author Schluenzen F, Tocilj A, Zarivach R, Harms J, Gluehmann M, Janell D, Bashan A, Bartels H, Agmon I, Franceschi F, Yonath A title Structure of functionally activated small ribosomal subunit at 3.3 angstroms resolution journal Cell volume 102 issue 5 pages 615 23 year 2000 pmid 11007480 doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 00 00084 2 ref 30 Svedberg S is the smaller subunit of the 70S ribosome of prokaryote s. It is a complex of ribosomal RNA and ribonucleoproteins that functions in mRNA translation . It includes the 16S ribosomal RNA . The 30S subunit is the site of inhibition for antibiotics such as tetracycline and aminoglycosides . See also 50S Ribosomal RNA References references External links http wiki.biomine.skelleftea.se wiki index.php 16S rRNA 16S rRNA, BioMineWiki http pathmicro.med.sc.edu mayer antibiot.htm MeshName 16S Ribosomal RNA biochem stub Ribosome subunits Category Ribosomal RNA Category Protein biosynthesis ca 30S ... more details
infobox biodatabase title Islander logo File Database.png description integrative islands in prokaryotic genomes scope organism Prokaryote Prokaryotes center Indiana University laboratory author pmid PMID 14681358 released standard format url http www.indiana.edu islander download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version Islander is a database of Mobile genetic elements integrative islands in prokaryotic genomes. ref cite journal quotes yes last Mantri first Yogita authorlink coauthors Williams Kelly P year 2004 month Jan title Islander a database of integrative islands in prokaryotic genomes, the associated integrases and their DNA site specificities journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 32 issue Database issue pages D55 8 publisher location England issn pmid 14681358 doi 10.1093 nar gkh059 bibcode oclc id url pmc 308793 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references See also Mobile genetic elements External links http www.indiana.edu islander Biodatabase stub Category Mobile genetic elements Category Biological databases ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 infobox biodatabase title MICdb logo File Database.png description prokaryotic Microsatellite genetics microsatellites . scope organism prokaryote s center laboratory author pmid Vattipally B Sreenu 2003 & al. ref name pmid12519959 released standard format url http www.cdfd.org.in micas download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version MICdb Microsatellites database is a database of non redundant microsatellites from prokaryotic genomes. ref name pmid12519959 cite journal quotes yes last Sreenu first Vattipally B authorlink coauthors Alevoor Vishwanath, Nagaraju Javaregowda, Nagarajaram Hampapathalu A year 2003 month Jan title MICdb database of prokaryotic microsatellites journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 31 issue 1 pages 106 8 publisher location England issn pmid 12519959 bibcode oclc id url pmc 165449 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote doi 10.1093 nar gkg002 ref References references See also InSatDb Microsatellite genetics Microsatellite External links http www.cdfd.org.in micas Biodatabase stub Category Biological databases Category Repetitive DNA sequences Category Genetics ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 infobox biodatabase title PSORTdb logo File Database.png description protein subcellular localization database scope organism Prokaryote Prokaryotes center Simon Fraser University laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry author S bastien Rey pmid Rey & al. 2005 ref name pmid15608169 released standard format url http db.psort.org download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version PSORTdb is a database of protein Protein targeting localization for bacteria and archaea. ref name pmid15608169 cite journal quotes yes last Rey first S bastien authorlink coauthors Acab Michael, Gardy Jennifer L, Laird Matthew R, deFays Katalin, Lambert Christophe, Brinkman Fiona S L year 2005 month Jan title PSORTdb a protein subcellular localization database for bacteria journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 33 issue Database issue pages D164 8 publisher location England issn pmid 15608169 doi 10.1093 nar gki027 bibcode oclc id url pmc 539981 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references See also Protein targeting External links http db.psort.org Biodatabase stub Category Biological databases Category Protein targeting Category Posttranslational modification ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 infobox biodatabase title PSSRdb logo File Database.png description polymorphic simple Repeated sequence DNA sequence repeats extracted from prokaryotic genomes. scope organism Prokaryote prokaryotic center Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics laboratory Laboratory of Computational Biology India. author Pankaj Kumar pmid Kumar & al. 2011 ref name pmid21112874 released 2010 standard format url http www.cdfd.org.in PSSRdb download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version PSSRdb Polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeats database is a database of Polymorphism biology polymorphic simple Repeated sequence DNA sequence repeats ref name pmid21112874 cite journal quotes yes last Kumar first Pankaj authorlink coauthors Chaitanya Pasumarthy S, Nagarajaram Hampapathalu A year 2011 month Jan title PSSRdb a relational database of polymorphic simple sequence repeats extracted from prokaryotic genomes journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 39 issue Database issue pages D601 5 publisher location England issn pmid 21112874 doi 10.1093 nar gkq1198 bibcode oclc id url pmc 3013739 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref See also Repeated sequence DNA sequence repeats References references External links http www.cdfd.org.in PSSRdb Category Biological databases Category Repetitive DNA sequences Biodatabase stub ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 infobox biodatabase title P2CS logo File Database.png description prokaryotic two component systems. scope organism Prokaryote prokaryotes center laboratory author Mohamed Barakat pmid Barakat & al. 2011 ref name pmid21051349 released 2009 standard format url http www.p2cs.org download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version P2CS prokaryotic two component systems is a of database of two component system signal transduction proteins. ref name pmid21051349 cite journal quotes yes last Barakat first Mohamed authorlink coauthors Ortet Philippe, Whitworth David E year 2011 month Jan title P2CS a database of prokaryotic two component systems journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 39 issue Database issue pages D771 6 publisher location England issn pmid 21051349 doi 10.1093 nar gkq1023 bibcode oclc id url pmc 3013651 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references See also Two component system External links http www.p2cs.org Biodatabase stub Category Biological databases Category Signal transduction ... more details
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