A proofbanknote is one that is printed to test the printing plate s to see if it is suitable or not for putting into full production. A reason why a proofbanknote may be rejected is the colour is not suitable. Another reason why a proofbanknote may be rejected is due to the design itself being unsuitable. See also Specimen banknote Category Banknotes ... more details
of 5000 of different currencies. A banknote often known as a bill , paper money or simply a note is a kind ... banknotes are used for higher values. A primitive version of the banknote was seen in the Han Dynasty ... of Money. WGBH Educational Foundation. Accessed 25 April 2012. ref However the first known banknote .... Banknotes also have an acceptance cost, the costs of checking the banknote s security features and confirming ... drawn by Lord X for 100 which becomes due in 3 months time . Money prior to the banknote main History ... Banknotes in the Tang Dynasty See also List of Chinese inventions The banknote was Economy of the Song ... of unique fiber in the paper to avoid counterfeiting. File Yuan dynasty banknote with its printing plate 1287.jpg thumb left A Yuan dynasty printing plate and banknote Banknotes in the Mongol Empire ... Image Five dollar Banknote of Citizens Bank of Louisiana.jpg thumb right In 1842 Louisiana required .... In a small number of countries, private banknote issue continues to this day. For example, by virtue ... twenty dollar bill US twenty dollar paper banknote Paper banknotes Most banknotes are made from cotton ... ordinary paper it is much more resilient, resists wear and tear the average life of a banknote is two ... DeLaRue The Banknote Lifecycle from Design to Destruction ref and also does not contain the usual ... paper, banknote paper is infused with polyvinyl alcohol or gelatin to give it extra strength ... banknote paper today. Most banknotes are made using the mould made process in which a watermark ... increases the counterfeit resistance of the banknote paper. This process was invented by Portals ... can be printed. In 1988, Austria produced the 5000 Schilling banknote Mozart , which is the first foil application Kinegram to a paper banknote in the history of banknote printing. The application of optical ... holograms . Polymer banknotes Main Polymer banknote In 1983, Costa Rica and Haiti issued the first ... by the American Banknote Company and developed by DuPont . In 1988, after significant research and development ... more details
A remainder banknote is a banknote that has been prepared for issue, but not issued for one reason or another, such as the failure of the banknote issuer, or the Merger merging of one banknote issuer into another. Category Banknotes Category Numismatics money stub ... more details
of specimen notes, as well as other non legal tender images of banknotes include An essay banknote is a potential design of a new banknote. Very often an essay has no serial numbers. A proofbanknote ... process of a banknote that has. Proof banknotes may be partial proofs of the obverse or reverse ... A plate proofbanknote is a proofbanknote of a multi color banknote where there are separate plates used for printing separate colors. A trial color proof is printed typically in a variety of different ...A specimen banknote is printed generally in very limited quantities for distribution to central banks to aid in the recognition of banknote s from a country other than their own. In some cases, specimen banknotes are printed in less limited quantities distributed to commercial banks, or even to commercial enterprises and the public at large in order to familiarize users about new designs. In addition, specimen banknotes are sold in some countries to collectors often in special comemmorative folders or albums . They have also been distributed by banknote printers such as the American Bank Note Company as examples of their craftsmanship. Occasionally, specimen banknotes are distributed as gifts to dignitaries or to employees of central banks, often in special presentation albums. To avoid use of specimen banknotes as legal tender notes, the banknotes are deformed, typically by being overprinted and or punched perfin with the an inscription such as SPECIMEN, SPECIMEN NO VALUE, CANCELLED or the equivalent in one or more other languages. In most cases, specimen notes have readily identifiable serial numbers such as 99999999999 or 00000000000 or 1234567890. Many specimens have an additional control number that is used by a central bank to track who received a particular specimen. Specimen ... much cruder, are issued by manufacturers of Automated Teller Machine s, cash registers, banknote authenticating ... with a reproduction of a banknote on one side . Counterfeit banknotes include contemporary circulating ... more details
wiktionary proof Note Prove and Proving both redirect here. Proof may refer to Proof truth , sufficient evidence or argument for the truth of a proposition Formal proof Mathematical proof , a convincing demonstration that some mathematical statement is necessarily true Proof theory , a branch of mathematical logic that represents proofs as formal mathematical objects Alcohol proof , a measure of an alcoholic drink s strength Artist s proof , a single print taken during the printmaking process Galley proof , a preliminary version of a publication Prepress proofing Prepress proof , a facsimile of press artwork for job verification Proof coinage , coins once made as a test, but now specially struck ... Proof TV series Proof TV series , an Irish TV drama thriller Proof , 1980 B W student film by Black and white, expanded to Fandango 1985 film Fandango Proof 1991 film Proof 1991 film , an Australian film by Jocelyn Moorhouse Proof play Proof play , a play by David Auburn Proof 2005 film Proof 2005 film , a film by John Madden, based on the play Proof rapper 1973 2006 , American rapper and member of D12 Proof comics Proof comics , a comic series from Image Comics Proof , a 1942 hard SF short story by Hal Clement Proof , a song by Coldplay from Speed of Sound song Speed of Sound Proof I Am Kloot song Proof I Am Kloot song , a song by I Am Kloot from their eponymous second album Proof , a song by Paul Simon from The Rhythm of the Saints Proof , a song by Happy Rhodes from Many Worlds Are Born Tonight Proof , a song by angela band angela Proof , a song by Mell See also Proofing disambiguation ... or belief Philosophic burden of proofProof complexity Proof procedure Provability logic A recursively ... procedure Proof of concept Proof test , for a firearm Legal Evidence , information which ... proof Legal burden of proof disambig bn cs D kaz da Bevis de Proof et Proof es Prueba eo Pruvo fa fr Proof film gl Proba ko id Pembuktian it Prova lv Pier d jums hu Bizony t s ... more details
and were first issued as currency in Australia in 1988. These banknote s are made from the polymer ... BOPP as Guardian for countries with their own banknote printing facilities. Note Printing Australia ... Brazil ian banknote released on April, 2000 as a special edition commemorating the country s 500th ... resistant to folding, more resistant to soil, waterproof and washing machine proof , easier to machine ... is located is a key security feature of the polymer banknote. It is easily identifiable allowing anyone to be able to authenticate a banknote. Because the polymer bank note contains many security ... . The Isle of Man issued a 1 pound Bradvek banknote which circulated from 1983 to 1988. Another British printer, Harrison and Sons Limited also produced a promotional banknote, but did not have any ... polymer 10 dollar banknote , the first of many issues. In 1990, Western Samoa later renamed Samoa issued a 2 Tala commemorative banknote honouring 50 years of service by His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II . This banknote was placed in circulation and has the distinction of having the longest period ... variations at least 7 times. In August 1990, Singapore issued a 50 commemorative banknote, and in 2004 issued its first circulating 10 banknote, followed by a 2 issue in 2006. The 5 banknote and the commemorative 20 banknote was issued in 2007. In June 1991, Papua New Guinea issued a commemorative 2 Kina banknote, its first polymer issue. In 1992, Australia began issuing polymer notes for general ... first polymer banknote, the 50,000 rupiah note commemorating 25 years of development. A paper equivalent ... circulation. In February 1998, Sri Lanka issued a 200 Rupee commemorative polymer banknote to celebrate Sri Lanka s 50 years of independence. In 1998, Malaysia issued a commemorative banknote ... banknote in 2004. On 3 May 1999, New Zealand released the polymer 20 note. The Reserve Bank of New ... ROL 2000 1999 obverse.jpg 240px right thumb Two thousand lei Romanian banknote 2000 lei note from ... more details
Merge Star note date September 2011 A replacement banknote is a banknote that is printed to replace a faulty one and is used as a control mechanism for governments or monetary authorities to know the exact number of banknotes being printed. As quality control finds defective notes in the printing process after the serial number has been overprinted, they are taken out with their serial number written down and replaced with another banknote printed specifically for this purpose, so that the amount of banknote being printed stays the same in each production batch. This saves time and money compared to re printing exactly the same serial number that was used before. It is rare that the replacement banknote has the same serial number as the original faulty one. A replacement note will have its own serial numbering system that separates it from the normal numbering system. Some examples of replacement banknote marker by countries The United States uses and Australia did use stopped in 1972 the in the serial number to mark a replacement banknote. These are known as Star Notes . br Argentina uses R serial number to mark replacement banknotes. br Bahama uses Z serial number to mark replacement banknotes. br Hong Kong and Mongolia uses ZZ serial number to mark replacement banknotes. br Singapore uses Z 1 serial number to mark replacement banknotes. br Indonesia uses X serial number to mark replacement banknotes. br Zambia uses X3 serial number to mark replacement polymer banknotes. br Thailand uses 5 OS serial number to mark replacement polymer banknotes. The list goes on and different countries will have their own numbering marking system on their own banknotes. There is no guaranteed .... Some banknote collectors go after these rather unique banknote as their specialty. Both paper and polymer ... document.cfm 5 44 126 126 Replacement Banknote US Bureau of Engraving and Printing refend See also Polymer banknote Category Banknotes Category Numismatics ... more details
Infobox Company name Pollard Banknote Income Fund logo type Public company Public genre foundation founder location city Winnipeg, Manitoba location country Canada location locations area served key people John Pollard industry Business Services products services revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees 1,159 ref name zenobank cite web url http zenobank.com index.php?symbol CA PBL.UN&page quotesearch title Company Profile for Pollard Banknote Income Fund CA PBL.UN accessdate 2008 10 15 ref parent divisions subsid homepage http www.pollardbanknote.com www.pollardbanknote.com footnotes intl Pollard Banknote Income Fund tsx PBL traces its roots back to 1907 to the Saults & Pollard commercial printing company in Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada . In the mid 1970s, the company made a move into security printing which entailed production of stamps, stocks, bonds and government documents. In the mid 1980s Pollard Banknote began printing for government lotteries in Canada, the United States and the world. The company has five facilities with approximately 1,200 personnel serving over 45 lotteries. The corporate head office is in Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada . References reflist Category Companies based in Winnipeg canada company stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A single banknote was issued by the Indian Princely State of Ambliara . It is undated. It is also a very rare note. Catalogue number PS201. 1 paisa 1 pice . ND. Black text on brown pressboard. References refbegin Numis cite SCWPM date 2006.s refend money stub Category Currencies of India Ambliara ... more details
Image Banknote Counter.jpg right 140px thumbnail A modern electronic note counter with counterfeit detection capabilities A banknote counter or bill counter is a device designed primarily to accurately count a quantity of banknote s. Additionally, a banknote counter may sort banknotes into batches and check for damaged or counterfeit notes. History The first automatic bill counting machines or banknote counting machines were introduced in the 1920s in the United States and were produced by the Federal Bill Counter Company of Washington, D.C. . These machines were designed to increase efficiency in tellers in the Federal Reserve Bank and reduce human error. The machine would stop once a set batch of notes was reached allowing a teller to insert a wooden block to keep batches separate. ref Wells, Donald 2004 The Federal Reserve System A History Chapter 6 New York Digital Vision ref Modern banknote counting machines use a technology developed by Tokyo Calculating Machine Works of Shinagawa, Tokyo and introduced in 1962. It quickly dominated the market for increased speed and accuracy. ref Tavlas, George S. and Yuzuru Ozeki 1992 The Internationalization of Currencies An Appraisal of the Japanese Yen Occasional Paper Intl Monetary Fund Washington International Monetary Fund ref In 1981 computerized friction note counters were introduced in the form of the REI High Speed machine , which sped up note counting to 72,000 notes per hour and eliminated the need manual sorting and counting completely. This innovative machine could also sort notes according to their value and remove counterfeit or heavily damaged notes. ref http www.phil.frb.org education counting.html ref Many of these features ... and alert the user when a counterfeit banknote is detected. ref cite web url http www.officezone.com ... 10 ref Footnotes Reflist External links http www.carnation inc.com Banknote Counters and Money Counting Machines http www.notecounters.net Banknote Counting Machines and Technology Category Banknotes ... more details
Cleanup reason the article lacks references or substance date August 2011 A 1 Alderney pound pound banknote was issued in 1810 by the Alderney Bank. It is very rare Citation needed date September 2011 . Catalogue number PS181. 1 pound. 26 December 1810. Black. Alderney coat of arms at left. References refbegin Numis cite SCWPM date 2006.s refend Category Banknotes by country Alderney Category Alderney Category Banknotes of British Crown Dependencies Category Banknotes of Europe Guernsey stub money stub ... more details
File .jpg thumb 300px Heroes Square and the Ionian Bank The Banknote Museum of Alpha Bank is a museum located in Corfu , Greece . ref name ekathimerini http www.ekathimerini.com 4dcgi news civ 1283599KathiLev&xml &aspKath civ.asp?fdate 18 01 2006 A history of Greece s banknotes Alexandra Koroxenidis Kathimerini English Edition 18 January 2006 ref ref name Alpha Bank http www.alpha.gr page default.asp?la 2&id 689 Alpha Bank Website Information on Banknote Museum of Corfu ref ref name Rizo http www2.rizospastis.gr story.do?id 3028780&publDate 23 9 2005 Rizospastis newspaper In Greek ref It showcases an almost complete collection of the Greek currency from 1822 to present, about 2000 items. ref name ekathimerini ref name Alpha Bank ref name To Vima It includes the first Treasury security Treasury bond treasury bond s issued by the newly liberated Greek State in 1822 until the replacement of the drachma by the euro in 2002. ref name ekathimerini ref name Rizo It also includes sketches essays and printing plates of Greek banknotes. ref name Alpha Bank One of its rarest holdings is the 1860 colonata . ref name ekathimerini The museum was established in 1981 by the Ionian Bank and it is housed at the former Ionian Bank building designed by Corfiote architect Ioannis Chronis in about 1840. ref name ekathimerini ref name Alpha Bank ref name To Vima ref name City ... merged with Alpha Bank and subsequently the Banknote Museum was renovated and was reopened in 2005 ... ref name Alpha Bank It is the first time that such a banknote collection, owned by a Greek bank ... printed by the American Bank Note Company American Banknote Company which succeeded the British ... in 1920, the banknote depicts Hagia Sophia without the Ottoman minaret s and was part of the Megali ... The 100 billion drachma banknote during the hyperinflation years of 1944 is also featured. ref name ekathimerini It remains historically the highest banknote denomination in Greece and after ... more details
Proof positive is evidence considered to be final absolute proof of the existence of something conclusive proof. It may also refer to Proof Positive Greene story Proof Positive a short story by Graham Greene . Proof Positive album Proof Positive an album by American jazz musician J. J. Johnson . Proof Positive TV series Proof Positive a paranormal investigation TV series that aired on the SyFy channel. Proof Positive a novel by Phillip Margolin disambig ... more details
Burden of proof may refer to Legal burden of proof Philosophic burden of proof Scientific burden of evidence Other The Burden of Proof , a 1990 novel by Scott Turow The Burden of Proof film The Burden of Proof film , a 1992 film based on the above novel Burden of Proof CSI episode Burden of Proof CSI episode disambig id Beban pembuktian fr Charge de la preuve ... more details
Living Proof may refer to tocright Music Albums Living Proof , a 1974 Hank Williams, Jr. discography Albums album by Hank Williams, Jr. Living Proof The MGM Recordings 1963 1975 , a 1992 album by Williams Living Proof , a 1979 live album by Sylvester singer Sylvester Living Proof Cher album Living Proof Cher album , a 2001 2002 album by Cher Living Proof The Farewell Tour , a 2002 2005 concert tour by Cher Living Proof Buddy Guy album Living Proof Buddy Guy album , a 2010 album by Buddy Guy Living Proof , an announced but never released album by Sarah Whatmore Songs Living Proof , a 1976 song by Hank Williams, Jr. from Hank Williams, Jr. and Friends Living Proof , a 1980 song by Wishbone Ash from Just Testing Living Proof song Living Proof song , a 1989 song by Ricky Van Shelton Living Proof , a 1992 song by Bruce Springsteen from Lucky Town Living Proof , a 2000 song by The Paperboys from Postcards Living Proof , a 2006 song by Cat Power from The Greatest Cat Power album The Greatest Living Proof , a 2011 song by Bad Meets Evil from Hell The Sequel The Living Proof , a 2011 song by Mary J. Blige from The Help soundtrack Films Living Proof The Hank Williams, Jr. Story , a 1983 American TV movie starring Richard Thomas Living Proof film Living Proof film , a 2008 American Lifetime TV movie starring Harry Connick, Jr Fiction Living Proof , a 2012 novel by Kira Peikoff See also Living Proof Radio , KWTW, a Christian radio network based in Bishop, California disambiguation no Living Proof ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 In logic , and in particular proof theory , a proof procedure for a given logical system logic is a systematic method for producing proofs in some proof calculus of provable statements. There are several types of proof calculi. The most popular are natural deduction , sequent calculus sequent calculi i.e., Gentzen type systems , Hilbert system s, and semantic tableau x or trees. A given proof procedure will target a specific proof calculus, but can often be reformulated so as to produce proofs in other proof styles. A proof procedure for a logic is complete if it produces a proof for each provable statement. The theorems of logical systems are typically recursively enumerable , which implies the existence of a complete but extremely inefficient proof procedure however, a proof procedure is only of interest if it is reasonably efficient. Faced with an unprovable statement, a complete proof procedure may sometimes succeed in detecting and signalling its unprovability. In the general case, where provability is a semidecidable property, this is not possible, and instead the procedure will diverge not terminate . See also Automated theorem proving Proof complexity Proof tableaux Deductive system Proof truth Category Proof theory logic stub ... more details
G del s proof may refer to G del s incompleteness theorems G del s ontological proof disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Interactive proof can refer to Interactive proof system Interactive theorem proving disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Proof of insurance POI is any type of documentation that a person can provide to another individual proving that the person has valid insurance with an insurance company . The most common form of a POI is a paper card provided by the insurance company listing policy information and effective dates. Many states require that a person carry proof of insurance in their automobiles or on their person while driving. If a person is questioned by a law enforcement official, they must provide proof of insurance. A citation is generally issued if the person cannot provide such documentation. See also no fault insurance External links http sites.google.com site faqoffinance proof of insurance Proof of Car Insurance 2 Ways to Get Your Proof Quickly DEFAULTSORT Proof Of Insurance Category Insurance terms Category Vehicle insurance Law stub ... more details
In proof theory , a branch of mathematical logic , proof mining or unwinding is a research program that analyzes formalized proofs, especially in mathematical analysis analysis , to obtain explicit bounds or rate of convergence rates of convergence from proofs that, when expressed in natural language, appear to be nonconstructive proof nonconstructive . ref cite book title Applied Proof Theory Proof Interpretations and Their Use in Mathematics author Ulrich Kohlenbach publisher Springer Verlag, Berlin year 2008 pages 1&ndash 536 ref This research has led to improved results in analysis obtained from the analysis of classical proofs. References references Ulrich Kohlenbach and Paulo Oliva, Proof Mining A systematic way of analysing proofs in mathematics , Proc. Steklov Inst. Math , 242 136&ndash 164, 2003 Paulo Oliva, Proof Mining in Subsystems of Analysis , BRICS PhD thesis http citeseer.ist.psu.edu oliva03proof.html citeseer Category Proof theory mathlogic stub ... more details
In mathematical analysis , an analytical proof is a proof of a theorem in analysis that only makes use of methods from analysis, and which does not make use of results from geometry. The term was first used by Bernard Bolzano , who first provided a non analytic proof of his intermediate value theorem and then, several years later provided proof of the theorem which was free from intuitions concerning lines crossing each other at a point and so he felt happy calling analytic Bolzano 1817 . Bolzano s philosophical work encouraged a more abstract reading of when a demonstration could be regarded as analytic, where a proof is analytic if it does not go beyond its subject matter Sebastik 2007 . In proof theory , an analytical proof has come to mean a proof whose structure is simple in a special way, due to conditions on the kind of inferences that ensure none of them go beyond what is contained in the assumptions and what is demonstrated. Structural proof theory In proof theory, the notion of analytic proof provides the fundamental concept that brings out the similarities between a number of essentially distinct proof calculus proof calculi , so defining the subfield of structural proof theory . There is no uncontroversial general definition of analytic proof, but for several proof calculi ... of side formulae of the cut rule a proof that contains an analytic cut is by virtue of that rule not analytic. Furthermore, structural proof theories that are not analogous to Gentzen s theories have other notions of analytic proof. For example, the calculus of structures organises its inference rules into pairs, called the up fragment and the down fragment, and an analytic proof is one that only contains the down fragment. See also Proof theoretic semantics References Bernard Bolzano 1817 . Purely analytic proof of the theorem that between any two values which give results of opposite ... Proof theory ... more details
Infobox Single Name Proof No Vain Cover Proof no vain.jpg Artist Mell from Album B side Released May 30, 2007 Format Maxi single Maxi Recorded Genre J Pop Length 23 06 Label Geneon Writer Producer I ve Sound Certification Last single Red Fraction br 2006 This single Proof No Vain br 2007 Next single Virgin s High Kicks br 2007 Proof No Vain is Mell s second single under Geneon Geneon Entertainment . Proof was used as the first ending theme for the anime series Hayate the Combat Butler Hayate no Gotoku . The single reached 18 in the Oricon charts and sold a total of 13,000 copies. ref cite web title MELL ORICON STYLE url http www.oricon.co.jp music release d 708238 1 accessdate 2007 12 14 language Japanese ref Track listing tracklist collapsed no headline lyrics credits yes music credits yes total length 23 04 title1 Proof lyrics1 Mell music1 Kazuya Takase length1 5 33 title2 no vain lyrics2 Mell music2 Kazuya Takase length2 6 00 title3 Proof Instrumental length3 5 33 title4 no vain Instrumental length4 5 58 References references Category 2007 singles Category Mell songs Mell 2000s Japan single stub es Proof no vain ja Proof no vain ... more details
Half proof semiplena probatio was a concept of medieval Roman law , describing a level of evidence between mere suspicion and the full Evidence law proof needed to convict someone of a crime. The concept was introduced by the Glossator s of the 1190s such as Azo jurist Azo , who gives such examples as a single witness or private documents. ref J. Franklin, The Science of Conjecture Evidence and Probability Before Pascal , Baltimore, 2001, pp. 18 19. ref In cases where there was half proof against a defendant, he might be allowed to take an oath as to his innocence, or he might be sent for torture to extract further evidence that could complete the Legal burden of proof burden of proof . ref Franklin, pp. 26 7, 59. ref Matthew Hale jurist Sir Matthew Hale , the leading late 17th century English jurist, wrote The evidence at Law which taken singly or apart makes but an imperfect proof, semiplena probatio , yet in conjunction with others grows to a full proof, like Silurus his twigs, that were easily broken apart, but in conjunction or union were not to be broken. ref B. Shapiro, Probability and Certainty in Seventeenth Century England , Princeton, 1983, p. 180. ref However, the concept never became firmly established in English law . In later times, half proof was mentioned in 19th century Scots law ref J. Erskine, An Institute of the Law of Scotland , ed. J. Ivory, Edinburgh, 1828, II pp. 965, 972. ref and in the 1917 Catholic Code of Canon Law . ref Franklin, p. 369. ref References reflist External links http www.law dictionary.org HALF PROOF 2C semiplena probatio 2C civil law.asp?q HALF PROOF 2C semiplena probatio 2C civil law Law Dictionary entry, Half proof DEFAULTSORT Half Proof Category Criminal law Category Evidence law Category Medieval law law term stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The term judgment proof is most commonly used in tort law contexts to refer to defendant s or potential defendants who are financially insolvency insolvent . Even if a plaintiff were to secure a legal Judgment law judgment against an insolvent defendant, the defendant s lack of funds would make the satisfaction of that judgment difficult, if not impossible, to secure. In such cases plaintiffs might move for wage garnishment based on the judgment. However, if the debtor is retired or collecting social security or other social welfare this is not possible. Judgment proof is not a defense. If sued, the defendant cannot claim judgment proof as one would other affirmative defense s. Judgment proof instead refers to the inability of the judicial lien holder to obtain satisfaction of their judgment. An individual who is unidentifiable or has left the jurisdiction is often considered to be judgment proof. cn date March 2011 See also List of tort topics List of tort cases Tort reform List of basic tort law topics DEFAULTSORT Judgment Proof Category Tort law ... more details
In computer science , proof complexity is a measure of efficiency of automated theorem proving methods ... logic are the most analyzed. The two main issues considered in proof complexity are whether a proof method can produce a polynomial proof of every inconsistent formula, and whether the proofs ... of proofs Different propositional proof system for theorem proving in propositional logic, such as the sequent ... , etc. produce different proofs when applied to the same formula. Proof complexity measures the efficiency of a method in terms of the size of the proofs it produces. Two points make the study of proof complexity non trivial the size of a proof depends on the formula that is to be proved inconsistent proof methods are generally families of algorithms, as some of their steps are not univocally specified ... at each step, the algorithm has to choose one these choices affect the proof length. The first point is taken into account by comparing the size of a proof of a formula with the size of the formula ... proof size formula size ratio means that the proof is of size similar to that of the formula ... point is taken into account by considering, for each formula, the shortest possible proof the considered ... produce a proof of size polynomial in the size of the formula. If such a method exists, then NP complexity ... are always superpolynomial has been proved. For other methods, it is an open question. Proof size comparison A second question about proof complexity is whether a method is more efficient than another. Since the proof size depends on the formula, it is possible that one method can produce a short proof of a formula and only long proofs of another formula, while a second method can have exactly ... two proof methods, two outcomes are possible for every proof of a formula produced using the first method, there is a proof of comparable size of the same formula produced by the second method there exists a formula such that the first method can produce a short proof while all proofs obtained by the second ... more details
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