For the cosmological notion of proper distance Comoving distance In relativistic physics, proper length is an invariant physics invariant measure of the distance between two spacelike separated Spacetime Basic concepts event s, or of the length of a spacelike Path topology path within a spacetime . The measurement of lengths is more complicated in the theory of relativity than in classical mechanics . In classical mechanics, lengths are measured based on the assumption that the locations of all points involved are measured simultaneously. But in the theory of relativity, the notion of Relativity of simultaneity simultaneity is dependent on the observer. Proper lengths provide an invariant measure, whose value is the same for all observers. Proper length is analogous to proper time . The difference is that proper length is the invariant spacetime interval interval of a spacelike path or pair of spacelike separated events, while proper time is the invariant interval of a timelike path or pair of timelike separated events. Proper length between two events In special relativity , the proper ... at opposite ends of an object, the proper length of the object is the length of the object as measured by an observer which is at rest relative to the object. In any inertial frame of reference, the proper ... zero value for L . Proper length of a path The above formula for the proper length between two events ..., possible to define the proper length of a Path topology path in any spacetime, curved or flat. In a flat spacetime, the proper length between two events is the proper length of a straight path between ... relativity geodesic between two events, so the proper length of a straight path between two events would not uniquely define the proper length between the two events. Along an arbitrary spacelike path P , the proper length is given in tensor syntax by the line integral math L c int P sqrt g mu nu dx ..., or that uses Geometrized unit system geometrized units . See also Invariant interval Proper time Comoving ... more details
unref date November 2009 The Proper Latin proprium is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the Liturgical Year , or of a particular saint or significant event. The term is used in contrast to the Ordinary of the Mass ordinary , which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, or to the common liturgy common , which contains those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such as Apostles or Martyr s. Propers may include hymns and prayers in the Canonical Hours and in the Eucharist . West In Roman Catholic and Anglo Catholic practice, there is a moveable portion of the service that, strictly speaking, does not form part of the proper, the Accentus Ecclesiasticus Accentus . The Proper of the Mass liturgy Mass , strictly speaking, consists of the Introit , Gradual , Alleluia or Tract liturgy Tract , Sequence poetry Sequence , Offertory , and Communion chant Communion . These are sometimes called the minor propers to distinguish them from the collect , secret liturgy secret , postcommunion , and readings. Portions of the Accentus may also more loosely be referred to as part of the Proper if they satisfy the criteria of changing by date such as the Preface and Epistle . East In the Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches Greek Catholic Churches, the propers also known as sequences at Vespers and Matins are numerous, and include sticheron stichera , troparion troparia , prokeimenon prokeimena , Paroemia Old Testament lection readings and Matins Gospel s. At the Little Hours they will normally include only the troparion and kontakion of the day, but during Great Lent will include hymns which vary according to the day of the week. The fullest form of the Little Hours is the Royal Hours , celebrated ... also mentions the name of the saint who composed the Liturgy Basil the Great , John Chrysostom , Gregory ... more details
nba05 kartes PDF 114.pdf maps until World War I . Lithuania proper sometimes is also called Lithuania ... Before the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Historians designate Lithuania Proper or Duchy of Lithuania ... Lithuania Proper was in nucleus of future Trakai Voivodeship between rivers Nemunas , Neris and Merkys ... 2 pages 3 18 ref that Lithuania Proper was around Ashmyany area, then ethnic Lithuanians Lithuanian ... proper to refer to lands inhabited by ethnic Lithuanians ref cite web first Tomas last Venclova .... Already during the Grand Duchy times, Lithuania Proper was a term designated to land where ... into such historical regions Samogitia , Lithuania Proper and White Ruthenia . ref Authentic map showing Lithuania Proper and adjustant White or Lithuanian Ruthenia br cite web url http www.nlib.ee ... Mer Baltique year 1700 accessdate 2007 08 17 ref Only the northern border of Lithuania proper can be determined .... ref name Sav cite journal title Etnokonfesiniai Santykiai Pietry i Lietuvoje Istorin s Antropologijos ... part of Lithuania Proper was acknowledged by Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Soviets ... more details
In algebraic geometry , a proper morphism between scheme mathematics schemes is an analogue of a proper ... topological spaces. A morphism f X Y of algebraic variety algebraic varieties is called proper ... proper if it is separated, of morphism of finite type finite type and universally closed EGA II, 5.4.1 ... is proper over Y . A variety X over a field mathematics field k is complete variety complete when the structural morphism from X to the spectrum of k is proper. Examples The projective space P sup d sup over a field K is proper over a point that is, Spec K . In the more classical language, this is the same as saying that projective space is a complete variety . Projective morphism s are proper, but not all proper morphisms are projective. Affine variety Affine varieties of non zero dimension are never proper. More generally, it can be shown that affine proper morphisms are necessarily finite. For example, it is not hard to see that the affine line A sup 1 sup is not proper. In fact the map ... and thus not closed. Properties and characterizations of proper morphisms In the following, let ... . It can be shown that f is a proper morphism if and only if f C is a proper continuous function. Properness ... by some open subschemes Y sub i sub and the restriction of f to all f sup 1 sup Y sub i sub is proper, then so is f . By definition, proper morphisms are stable under base change . The function composition composition of two proper morphisms is proper. Closed immersion s are proper. More generally, finite morphism s are proper. This is a consequence of the going up and going down going up theorem. Conversely, every quasi finite morphism quasi finite and finite presentation proper morphism is finite ... . EGA III, 4.3.3 This is a deep theorem. Proper morphisms are closely related to projective morphism s If f is proper over a noetherian scheme noetherian base Y , then there is a morphism g X X which ... fg is projective. This statement is called Chow s lemma . Proper finite presentation morphisms of schemes ... more details
dablink Normalm redirects here. For the borough, see Norrmalm borough . Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Hamngatan Stockholm 2008.jpg thumb Hamngatan , a street in Norrmalm. Norrmalm is a city district in Stockholm , part of the larger Norrmalm borough . The southern part of the district, Lower Norrmalm Swedish Nedre Norrmalm , also known as Stockholm City , constitutes the most central part of Stockholm, while Upper Norrmalm is more residential. The name Norrmalm is first mentioned in 1288. In 1602 Norrmalm became an independent city with its own mayor and administration called Norra F rstaden . The town was short lived and in 1635 it was incorporated with Stockholm again. Norrmalm is today considered to be the central part of Stockholm. In the 1950s and 1960s, large parts of southern Norrmalm was torn down to build a new and modern city. The demolitions were carried out swiftly and many Stockholmers still miss old Klara Stockholm Klara Klara is a part of lower Norrmalm . Among the new features created as a result of the clearances were the large plaza at Sergels Torg and the Klara Tunnel . See also Sergels Torg H torget Stockholm Central Station Coord 59 20 N 18 04 E region SE type city 7000 display title DEFAULTSORT Norrmalm Proper Category Districts of Stockholm Stockholm geo stub da Norrmalm de Norrmalm es Norrmalm fr Norrmalm it Norrmalm la Norrmalm nl Norrmalm no Norrmalm pt Norrmalm fi Norrmalm sv Norrmalm ... more details
About the concept in topology the concept in convex analysis proper convex function In mathematics , a continuous function between topological space s is called proper if inverse image s of compact space compact subsets are compact. In algebraic geometry , the analogous concept is called a proper morphism . Definition A function mathematics function f X &rarr Y between two topological space s is proper if and only if the preimage of every compact space compact set in Y is compact in X . There are several competing descriptions. For instance, a continuous map f is proper if it is a closed map and the pre image of every point in Y is compact. For a proof of this fact see the end of this section. More abstractly, f is proper if for any space Z the map f id sub Z sub X Z &rarr Y Z is closed. These definitions are equivalent to the previous one if X is Hausdorff space Hausdorff and Y is Locally compact space locally compact Hausdorff. An equivalent, possibly more intuitive definition is as follows we say an infinite sequence of points p sub i sub in a topological space X escapes to infinity ... &rarr Y is proper if and only if for every sequence of points p sub i sub that escapes to infinity ... idea looks like being related to the notion of sequentially proper, see a reference below. Proof ... A topological space is compact if and only if the map from that space to a single point is proper. Every continuous map from a compact space to a Hausdorff space is both proper and closed map closed . If f X &rarr Y is a proper continuous map and Y is a compactly generated Hausdorff space .... Generalization It is possible to generalize the notion of proper maps of topological spaces to Pointless ... Oxford year 2002 pages isbn 0 19 851598 7 oclc doi , esp. section C3.2 Proper maps citation last ... isbn 1 4196 2722 8 oclc doi , esp. p.90 Proper maps and the Exercises to Section 3.6. Brown, R. Sequentially proper maps and a sequential compactification , J. London Math Soc. 2 7 1973 515 522. Category ... more details
In theory of relativity relativity , proper time is the elapsed time between two event relativity events as measured by a clock that passes through both events. The proper time depends not only on the events ... the same two events. The twin paradox is an example of this effect. Image Proper and coordinate time.png ... its proper time between the same two events. In terms of four dimensional spacetime , proper time is analogous to arc length in three dimensional Euclidean space Euclidean space. By convention, proper ... s definition of simultaneity. The concept of proper time was introduced by Hermann Minkowski ... en dms load img ?IDDOC 62931 ref Mathematical formalism The formal definition of proper time involves ... tensor general relativity metric structure of that spacetime. Proper time is the pseudo ... for proper time as a function of coordinate time. From the experimental point of view, proper time is what is measured experimentally and then coordinate time is calculated from the proper time of some inertial clocks. In special relativity In special relativity, proper time can be defined as math ... the proper time equation to math Delta tau sqrt left Delta t right 2 frac left Delta x right ... case that follows. In general relativity Using tensor calculus , proper time is more rigorously ... general relativity metric tensor math g mu nu math , the proper time math tau math experienced in moving ... beams, for which there is no passage of proper time. Only timelike paths can be traveled by massive objects, in which case the invariant interval becomes the proper time math tau math . So for our ... number positive definite for timelike paths. In special relativity, the proper time equation ... that A stays at math x y z 0 math for 10 years of coordinate time. The proper time for A is then math ... relativity coordinate system means that proper time and coordinate time are the same. Let there now ... direction for 5 years to 10 years, 0, 0, 0 . For each leg of the trip, the proper time is math ... more details
The Proper Study is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov . Inspired by a painting of a head surrounded by random psychedelic designs, it was commissioned by Boys Life Boy s Life , and published in the September 1968 issue. The other story commissioned for the picture was The Faun . ref http www.isfdb.org cgi bin title.cgi?58283 ref by Poul Anderson . The Proper Study was reprinted in the 1975 collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories . The title is taken from The proper study of mankind is man , a quote by Alexander Pope . Plot summary In a future world where the United States is ruled by a military dictatorship , Professor Oscar Harding is experimenting with a technique he terms neurophotoscopy, by means of which brain wave patterns can be observed as coloured effects that appear in the air around the subject and can be examined and analyzed. In his efforts to have the project declassified and removed from military control, Harding invites the ruling general to visit and observe the experiments. As he plans, the general is mentally affected by the effects he observes, and in a moment of mental weakness agrees to declassify the project. Before the effect wears off, as it must, Harding arranges for project details to be sent out to news media worldwide, thereby allowing other researchers to begin The proper study of mankind . References Reflist br Buy Jupiter DEFAULTSORT Proper Study, The Category Short stories by Isaac Asimov Category 1968 short stories Category Science fiction short stories Category Works originally published in Boys Life fr Envoyez les couleurs ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In Australian corporations law , proper authority is the authorisation provided by a licensed securities dealer to an individual that permits the holder to represent the securities dealer. References http www.asic.gov.au asic asic.nsf byheadline 02 162 Barton Capital Securities provides enforceable undertaking ?openDocument 02 162 Barton Capital Securities provides enforceable undertaking , ASIC Category Finance Category Australian law Australia law stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Theology Proper is the sub discipline of Systematic Theology which deals specifically with the being , attributes and works of God. In a Christianity Christian setting, this study includes Trinitarianism Trinitarian , the Holy Spirit Pneumatology and the study of Jesus Christ Christology . The term Theology lit. God word is popularly described as talk about God or God talk, but is usually used in the generic sense to describe religious studies. Topics Pertaining to Theology Proper Apophatic Theology Attributes of God Cataphatic theology Cataphatic Theology Christology Divine simplicity Divine Simplicity Eternity Eternality Godhead Christianity God the Father Christianity God the Father Immutability theology Immutability Impassible Impassibility Kenosis Monotheism Omnipotence Omniscience Ontology Pneumatology Prescience Transcendentals The Transcendentals Trinity Trinitarian Theology Theodicy Theosis Category Christian theology Category Christian terms Christian theology stub es Teolog a propia pt Teologia pr pria ... more details
The Proper Time is a 1960 in film 1960 film starring Tom Laughlin . It is also Laughlin s directorial and screenwriting debut. Plot Laughlin stars as Mickey Henderson, a student at UCLA with a speech impediment that goes away when he is in contact with girls. He starts a friendship with Sue Norma Quine , but is seduced by her roommate Doreen Nira Monsour . He and Doreen soon get engaged, but when he finds she has been cheating on him, he breaks up with her. Quine convinces him to go to a clinic for help with his speech problem. ref TV Guide ref Cast and crew Tom Laughlin ... Mickey Henderson Richard Shannon actor Richard Shannon ... Dr. Polery Nira Monsour ... Doreen Norma Quine ... Sue Dawson Alexandre Randal ... Mr. Henderson Constance Davis ... Mrs. Henderson External links imdb title id 0054211 References reflist Tom Laughlin DEFAULTSORT Proper Time, The Category 1960 films Category 1960s drama films Category American films Category English language films Category Black and white films 1960s drama film stub ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 unreferenced date May 2011 Baltic Proper covers the part of the Baltic Sea , from land Sea to the danish sounds. land Sea, the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga is not included. The border in the west to the Danish water is according to SMHI Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute the same as the bridges over Great Belt , Little Belt and resund . References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Baltic Sea sv Egentliga stersj n ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 Conflict of laws The Doctrine of the Proper Law is applied in the choice of law stage of a lawsuit involving the conflict of laws . Explanation In a conflicts lawsuit, one or more Jurisdiction area state law s will be relevant to the decision making process. If the laws are the same, this will cause no problems, but if there are substantive differences, the choice of which law to apply will produce a different Judgment law judgment . Each state therefore produces a set of rules to guide the choice of law, and one of the most significant rules is that the law to be applied in any given situation will be the proper law . This is the law which seems to have the closest and most real connection to the facts of the case, and so has the best claim to be applied. All laws, to a greater or lesser extent, are reflections of the public policy law public policies of the state that enacted them. The more important the policy to the society , the greater the claim of the relevant law to be applied. Thus, if laws exist to protect citizen s, the law of the place where loss or damage is sustained might have a strong claim to apply e.g. in a traffic accident, two cars collide because of faulty maintenance and both drivers are injured spaced ndash the local laws exist to provide some degree of protection for all those who use the roads in that state, setting minimum standards for the design and maintenance of vehicles, specifying what levels of insurance should be carried, setting the minimum age and qualifications for the right to drive, etc. But the problem with accepting the claim of any one state to have its law apply is that the result may be somewhat arbitrary .... The advantage of the proper law approach is that it builds in flexibility rather than offering ... with which the contract has the closest and most real connection. Conclusion The general rule is that the proper ... of the state that has the greatest number of connections will be the proper law. In the event ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 187 GrayPage 762 Image Gray672.png Caption Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord . Posterior proper fasciculus is visible at upper right. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The posterior proper fasciculus posterior ground bundle posterior basis bundle arises from cells in the posterior column their axons wikt bifurcation bifurcate into ascending and descending branches which occupy the ventral part of the funiculus close to the gray column . They are intersegmental and run for varying distances sending off collaterals and terminals to the gray matter . See also Lateral proper fasciculus Anterior proper fasciculus Gray s Spinal cord Category Nervous system neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteriae digitales plantares propriae GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray555.png Caption The plantar arteries. Deep view. Proper plantar digital arteries visible at bottom but not labeled. Image2 Caption2 BranchFrom common plantar digital arteries BranchTo Vein Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12154154 The proper plantar digital arteries are arteries of the foot. See also Proper plantar digital nerves of medial plantar nerve Proper plantar digital nerves of lateral plantar nerve External links http www.dartmouth.edu humananatomy figures chapter 17 17 3.HTM circulatory stub Arteries of lower limbs Category Arteries of the lower limb es Arterias colaterales de los dedos de los pies ... more details
Proper Filthy Naughty is a musical production duo consisting of John Ross and Joe Williams, who have also worked under the names Salamander and The Light . They have had releases on Platipus Records , FFRR , and Hooj Choons . Their single Expand the Room done as The Light was featured on several compilations such as Sasha & John Digweed s Northern Exposure Expeditions . In the 2000s, they changed their name to Proper Filthy Naughty and have since released several singles on 10 Kilo . Discography Albums 2003 Proper Filthy Naughty Fascination 10 Kilo Singles 1996 Salamander Going Home AAA Recordings 1996 The Light Dusk AAA Recordings 1996 The Light Panfried AAA Recordings 1997 The Light Expand the Room AAA Recordings, Hooj Choons 2000 The Light Opium City of Angels record label City of Angels 2000 Proper Filthy Naughty Put Your Earphones On 10 Kilo 2000 Proper Filthy Naughty Stitch Up 10 Kilo 2003 Proper Filthy Naughty To the Beat 10 Kilo 2000 Proper Filthy Naughty Flow 10 Kilo 2000 Proper Filthy Naughty Make a Move Coils 10 Kilo Remixes Gus Gus Purple Sasha DJ Sasha vs. The Light Remix 4AD Orbital band Orbital Belfast Sasha vs. The Light Remix FFRR 2003 fascination the Droyds remix External links MusicBrainz artist id 5a2dd641 6472 49be 8adf e733c08dfe49 name The Light Discogs artist artist Light, The name The Light Category Electronic music duos Electronic band stub de Proper Filthy Naughty es Proper Filthy Naughty ... more details
Citations missing date December 2008 Image proper osculating element difference.png thumb Distribution of the difference between proper and osculating orbital elements for asteroid s with semi major axes lying between 2 and 4 Astronomical unit AU . Image Asteroid osculating vs proper elements.png right thumb 350px proper right and osculating left orbital elements for asteroid s in the asteroid belt . Note how asteroid family clumps are not discernible on the left. The proper orbital elements of an orbit are constants of motion of an object in space that remain practically unchanged over an astronomically long timescale. The term is usually used to describe the three quantities proper semimajor axis a sub p sub , proper eccentricity e sub p sub , and proper inclination i sub p sub . The proper elements are to be contrasted with the osculating orbit osculating Keplerian orbital elements observed at a particular time or epoch astronomy epoch , such as the semi major axis , Orbital eccentricity ... occur on timescales of thousands of years, while proper elements are meant to be practically constant ... close to the proper elements because precession and perturbation effects are relatively small See ... a eccentricity orbit e inclination i 2.765515 Astronomical unit AU 0.080015 10.5868 while its proper orbital elements independent of epoch are ref name Ceres POE cite web title AstDyS 2 Ceres Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements publisher Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy url http .... To obtain proper elements for an object, one usually conducts a detailed simulation of its motion ... from the simulation which remain unchanged over this long timespan, and makes them the proper ... analysis of the predicted positions. At present the most prominent use of proper orbital elements is in the study ... proper orbital elements. References Reflist Z. Kne evi et al., The Determination of Asteroid Proper ... astdys index.php?pc 5 Latest calculations of proper elements for numbered minor planets ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fasciculus lateralis proprius GraySubject 185 GrayPage 762 Image Gray672.png Caption Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord . Lateral proper fasciculus is visible at upper left. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The lateral proper fasciculus lateral basis bundle constitutes the remainder of the lateral column , and is continuous in front with the anterior proper fasciculus . It consists chiefly of intersegmental fibers which arise from cells in the grey matter gray substance , and, after a longer or shorter course, re nter the gray substance and ramify in it. Some of its fibers are, however, continued upward into the brain under the name of the medial longitudinal fasciculus . Gray s Spinal cord Category Nervous system neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fasciculus anterior proprius GraySubject 187 GrayPage 760 Image Gray672.png Caption Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord . Lateral proper fasciculus is visible at center bottom. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Spinal cord Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The remaining fibers of the anterior funiculus constitute what is termed the anterior proper fasciculus , fasciculus proprius , or fasiculus proprii anterior basis bundle . It consists of a longitudinal intersegmental fibers which arise from cells in the gray substance , more especially from those of the medial group of the anterior column , and, after a longer or shorter course, re nter the gray substance b fibers which cross in the anterior white commissure from the gray substance of the opposite side. See also Lateral proper fasciculus Posterior proper fasciculus Gray s neuroscience stub Spinal cord Category Nervous system ... more details
two other uses the historical province the modern region Finland Proper other uses Finland Proper disambiguation Image Historical province of Finland Proper in Finland.png left 150px thumb Historical province of Finland Proper br borders of the modern provinces, br i.e. regions with pink colour Image Varsinais Suomen.vaakuna.svg right 150px Finland Proper , lang fi Varsinais Suomi , lang sv Egentliga Finland , lang la Ducatus Finlandiae Meridionalis , is a Historical provinces of Finland historical province in south western Finland , centred on the historic city of Turku Swedish bo and the Turku Castle . It borders Satakunta historical province Satakunta , Tavastia historical province Tavastia and Uusimaa . It is also bounded by the Baltic sea facing land . There is also a modern Regions of Finland region by the name Finland Proper region Finland Proper . Finland Proper is not to be confused with Mainland Finland . Administration Finland Proper was comprised within the boundaries of the administrative province of Turku and Pori Province Turku and Pori from 1917 to 1997 and that of Western Finland from 1997 to 2009, when the provinces of Finland were abolished. History The province, which had been a part of Sweden from the 13th century, separated when Finland was ceded to Russia in 1809 . The Provinces of Sweden provinces has no administrative function today but lives on as a historical legacy in both countries. Originally Finland Fine land referred only to this region but later replaced the traditional sterland Eastern land in meaning. Heraldry Arms granted at the burial of Gustav I of Sweden in 1560 . The arms is crowned by a ducal coronet, though by Finnish tradition ... cross Or. External links http www.fotw.net flags fi v.html Finland Proper at Flags of the World Historical provinces of Finland coord missing Finland DEFAULTSORT Finland Proper Historical Province Category Historical provinces of Finland Category Finland Proper Category Medieval Finland ... more details
Merge to Convex function discuss Talk Convex function Proper date March 2011 In mathematical analysis in particular convex analysis and optimization mathematics optimization , a proper convex function is a convex function f taking values in the extended real number line such that math f x infty math for at least one x and math f x infty math for every x . That is, a convex function is proper if its effective domain is nonempty and it never attains math infty math . ref name AB cite book last1 Aliprantis first1 C.D. last2 Border first2 K.C. title Infinite Dimensional Analysis A Hitchhiker s Guide edition 3 publisher Springer year 2007 isbn 978 3 540 32696 0 doi 10.1007 3 540 29587 9 page 254 ref Convex functions that are not proper are called improper convex functions . ref cite book author Rockafellar, R. Tyrrell title Convex Analysis publisher Princeton University Press location Princeton, NJ year 1997 origyear 1970 isbn 978 0 691 01586 6 page 24 ref A proper concave function is any function g such that math f g math is a proper convex function. Properties For every proper convex function f on R sup n sup there exist some b in R sup n sup and in R such that math f x ge x cdot b beta math for every x . Citation needed date October 2011 The sum of two proper convex functions is not necessarily proper or convex. For instance if the sets math A subset X math and math B subset X math are convex set s in the vector space X , then the Characteristic function convex analysis indicator function s math I A math and math I B math are proper convex functions, but math I A I B math is not convex unless math A cup B math is convex , and is possibly identically equal to math infty math if math A cup B X math i.e. are complimentary halfspace s . The infimal convolute infimal convolution of two proper convex functions is convex but not necessarily proper convex. Citation needed date October 2011 References Reflist Category Convex analysis Category Types of functions fr Fonction propre ... more details
, within the work of fiction proper, the name may nonetheless be said to have a certain ethnic ... Popular cat names Posthumous namePropername Regnal name Surname Temple name Unisex name References ..., such as baptism , can be used to give names. A name is a word or term used for identification. Names ... context. A personal name identifies a specific unique and identifiable individual person, and may or may not include a middle name . The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a propername although that term has a philosophical meaning also and is a proper noun . Other nouns are sometimes ... research. ref name dolphin names cite news url http news.nationalgeographic.com news 2006 05 060508 dolphins.html publisher National Geographic News title Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Study ... be exercised when translating, for there are ways that one language may prefer one type of name over ... during his rule. Etymology The word name comes from Old English nama akin to Old High German OHG and Sanskrit ... by knights was that a knight who lost a duel must reveal his name to the victor. It was considered a breach of honor or decorum to reveal one s name before combat. A frequent Literary topos topos in the legends is that a defeated knight would, after revealing his name, ask the victor what his name ... name, as was the case with Lancelot and Percival during their early careers. This inability to reveal ... name before a duel. Thus at the opening of any duel Gawain would openly announce I am Gawain , as he expected never to be defeated and so it would not diminish his honor to reveal his name. In religious ... 1987 edition, ISBN 0 14 019017 1 ref This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the propername of God in Hebrew language Hebrew writing or speech, as well as the common understanding in ancient Magic paranormal magic that magical rituals had to be carried out in someone s name . By invoking a deity god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit s power for some ... more details
Infobox anatomy Name Connective tissue proper Latin textus connectivus proprius GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Width Image2 Caption2 Map MapPos MapCaption Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Histologica TH H2.00.03.1.00001 Connective tissue proper is a subset of connective tissue . ref name PorthMatfin2010 cite book author1 Carol Mattson Porth author2 Glenn Matfin title Essentials of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States url http books.google.com books?id FFg88IaReBwC&pg PA24 accessdate 11 May 2011 date 1 October 2010 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 9781582557243 pages 24 ref References reflist Connective tissue anatomy stub Category Tissues ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteria hepatica propria GraySubject 154 GrayPage 603 Image Common and proper hepatic artery.png Caption The hepatic artery proper branches from the common hepatic artery . Image2 Gray1086 liver.PNG Caption2 Inferior surface of the liver. Entrance for hepatic artery labeled at bottom center. BranchFrom common hepatic artery BranchTo Vein Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12154486 The hepatic artery proper also proper hepatic artery , arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad . The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery , which is a branch of the celiac trunk . It subsequently bifurcates into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery SMA and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery . The cystic artery generally comes off of the right hepatic artery. ref name Balija Balija M, Huis M, Nikolic V, Stulhofer M. Laparoscopic visualization of the cystic artery anatomy. World J Surg. 1999 Jul 23 7 703 7. PMID 10390590 ref Additional images gallery File Gallbladder and hepatic artery 2.jpg Proper hepatic artery Image Gray533.png The celiac artery and its branches the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed. Image Gray591.png The portal vein and its tributaries. Image Gray847.png Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses. Image Gray1039.png Horizontal disposition of the peritoneum in the upper part of the abdomen. Image Gray1093.png Section ... 14736.cfm Proper hepatic artery Washington Hospital Center. eMedicineDictionary Hepatic artery proper ... more details
Finland Proper may refer to Finland Proper , a region in south western Finland, around the city of Turku Finland Proper historical province , a historical province of the kingdom of Sweden with roughly the same area Mainland Finland , Finland excluding the land islands See also Finland sterland Sweden Finland Sweden proper disambig ... more details
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