Unreferenced date December 2009 Companies law A proprietarycompany is a form of corporation in Australia and South Africa that is either limited or unlimited. However, unlike a public company there are, depending on jurisdiction , restrictions on what they can and cannot do. In Australia, a proprietarycompany is defined under section 45A 1 of the Corporations Act. The Act puts certain restrictions on proprietary companies such as not permitting them to have more than 50 members shareholder s . Another important restriction relates to fundraising . A proprietarycompany must not engage in fundraising ... circumstances a company must issue a prospectus when attempting to raise funds. This means that a Proprietarycompany must not offer its shares to the public. Section 45A of the Act also distinguishes ... or unlimited company Under Australian law, a proprietary limited company , abbreviated as Pty Ltd ... include the public Limited company Ltd. and the Unlimited Proprietarycompany Pty. with a share capital. Under the governing Australian Corporations Act 2001 Cth , a proprietarycompany must either be Proprietary Limited Pty Ltd company, private company limited by shares limited by shares ... that they face for company debts or unlimited company Unlimited Proprietary Pty company with a share ... or shareholders liability is not limited. The proprietary limited or unlimited company must have ... years of age. One person may simultaneously hold the positions of company director and secretary. Proprietary limited companies are also classified as large or small . A proprietarycompany is classified ... by a foreign company. Company names Proprietary companies have the word Proprietary in their name ... flagicon India In India, a proprietarycompany would be named Relays Private Limited , abbreviated to Relays Pvt. Ltd. flagicon Singapore In Singapore , a proprietarycompany would be named Relays ... ACN See also Australian company law UK company law Notes refs 2 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Proprietary ... more details
Wiktionary The term proprietary relates to property or ownership . Proprietary may refer to Proprietary chapel Proprietary church Proprietary colleges Proprietary colony Proprietary community ProprietarycompanyProprietary eponym Proprietary extension Proprietary format Proprietary hardware Proprietary lock in Proprietary name Proprietary protocol Proprietary software Proprietary trading See also Proprietary DVR Proprietary Governor Proprietary House Lord Proprietary Northern Neck Proprietary Property disambiguation Disambiguation ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Potter v Broken Hill ProprietaryCompany Ltd court High Court of Australia date decided 20 March 1906 full name Potter v Broken Hill ProprietaryCompany Ltd citations 1906 3 CLR 479, http www.austlii.edu.au au cases cth HCA 1906 88.html & 091 1906& 093 HCA 88 judges Samuel Griffith Griffith CJ, Edmund Barton Barton and Richard O Connor politician O Connor JJ. prior actions subsequent actions opinions Potter v Broken Hill ProprietaryCompany Ltd 1906 3 CLR 479, was a significant Australia n court legal case case , decided in the High Court of Australia on 20 March 1906. The case was an influential decision in Conflict of laws Australian Private International Law which is generally regarded as based on an extension of the Mozambique rule Mo ambique rule to actions for infringement of patent s. ref Lucasfilm v Ainsworth 2011 UKSC 39, 60 . ref Facts Potter obtained a patent in Victoria for the separation of metals from sulphide ores and a patent for the same process in New South Wales. Potter claimed that as well as a threatened infringement of the Victorian patent in Victoria the defendant company now BHP Billiton had infringed the New South Wales patent at its mine in New South Wales. Broken Hill denied novelty and utility, but also said that an action for the infringement in New South Wales of a New South Wales patent was not justiciable in the Victorian courts. ref Lucasfilm v Ainsworth 2011 UKSC 39, 60 . ref Judgement The question of justiciability was argued as a preliminary matter before the Full Court of the Supreme Court of Victoria, which decided ... the parties. ref Potter v Broken Hill ProprietaryCompany Ltd 1906 3 CLR 479, 498 499. ref He further ... applicable to the other. ref Potter v Broken Hill ProprietaryCompany Ltd 1906 3 CLR 479, 499 ... accepted into Australia. ref Nudd v Taylor 2000 QSC 344, 4 . ref sup Dagi v Broken Hill ProprietaryCompany Limited No 2 1997 1 VR 428. sup Font color green Applied font sup Inglis v Commonwealth Trading ... more details
Proprietary Governors were individuals authorized to govern Proprietary Colony proprietary colonies . Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies were granted commercial charter s by the monarchs of the Kingdom of England to establish English colonial empire colonies . These proprietors then selected the governors and other officials in the colony. This system was used to establish several colonies on the island of Newfoundland island Newfoundland . The province s of Province of Maryland Maryland , Province of Carolina Carolina and several other colonies in the Americas were initially established under the proprietary system. These colonies were distinct from royal colonies in that they were commercial enterprises established under authority of the crown. Proprietary Governors had legal responsibilities over the colony as well as responsibilities to shareholders to ensure the security of their investments. The proprietary system was a mostly inefficient system, in that the proprietors were, for the most part, like absentee landlord s. Many never even visited the colonies they owned. By the early 18th century, nearly all of the proprietary colonies had either surrendered their charters to the crown to become royal colonies, or else had significant limitations placed on them by the crown. See also Cuper s Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador Cuper s Cove Virginia CompanyProprietary colony Proprietary House Colonial government in America English colonial empire British colonization of the Americas British colonial grants in North America 1621 1639 List of Newfoundland and Labrador lieutenant governors External links http www.heritage.nf.ca govhouse governorship proprietary.html Proprietary Governors, 1610 1728 Newfoundland Category Colonial government in America Category Governance of the British Empire England hist stub ... more details
Refimprove date September 2008 Proprietary trading also prop trading or PPT occurs when a firm trades ... leave ambiguous the amount of non proprietary trading they do versus the amount of proprietary trading they do, because it is felt that proprietary trading is riskier and results in more Volatility ... have a hard time selling them to other individuals if people are not familiar with the company. The investment ... to earn even more profit independent of providing client liquidity, and this is how proprietary trading was born. The evolution of proprietary trading at banks has come to the point whereby banks employ multiple desks of traders devoted solely to proprietary trading with the hopes of earning added ... hedge funds within the bank, performing in isolation away from client flow traders. Proprietary desks ... of their quarterly and annual profits through proprietary trading efforts. Citation needed date February 2008 The proprietary trading desk is kept separate, by law, from knowledge about customer ... confusion between proprietary positions held by market making desks sometimes referred to as warehoused risk and desks specifically assigned the task of proprietary trading. Because of the impending financial ..., called risk arbitrage , evolved in the 1980s. When a company plans to buy another company, often the price ... the other company and the price of a share in the capital of the purchased company rises because the buyer ... will go down and buys the shares of the company being acquired betting the price will go up . Conflicts of interest in proprietary trading There are a number of ways in which proprietary trading can ... ruling ref Famous trading banks and traders Famous proprietary traders have included Steven A. Cohen ... . Nick Leeson took down Barings Bank with unauthorized proprietary positions. Another trader, Brian ... http www.trading lab.com forums introduction proprietary trading t305.html http www.ft.com cms s 0 ... Muller Proprietary trading.pdf Proprietary trading truth and fiction Hedge funds Category Financial ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove January 2012 original research January 2012 POV January 2012 wiktionary proprietaryProprietary software is computer software software license licensed Citation needed date March ... be used for any purpose. Proponents of free and open source software use proprietary or non free ... Software Foundation FSF quote Proprietary software is another name for nonfree software. accessdate ... ref Software becoming proprietary Until the late 1960s computers&mdash huge and expensive Mainframe ... without obtaining a license for the algorithm it contains. Proprietary software vendors usually ... basis as proprietary software. ref cite web url http www.fsf.org licensing licenses why assign.html ... legal useterms format PDF accessdate 2009 04 29 ref Exclusive rights The owner of proprietary software ... Open source Damaged good Anti features Anti features Vendors typically distribute proprietary software ... quote Under the proprietary software model, most software developers withhold their source code from ... 452 quote P roprietary is the opposite of open. A proprietary design or technique is one that is owned by a company. It also implies that the company has not divulged specifications that would allow ... that proprietary software commonly contains malicious features, such as spying on the users, restricting ... the point.html ref Some proprietary software vendors say that retaining the source code makes their software ... most proprietary software is closed source, some vendors distribute the source code or otherwise make ... implementations of Secure Shell are distributed with proprietary licenses that make the source code available. Citation needed date March 2012 Some governments fear that proprietary software may include ... for some products. The Reference Source License Ms RSL and Limited Public License Ms LPL are proprietary ... nature of data within the code, proprietary calculations, or any other scenario. ref Redistribution further Shareware See also Freely redistributable software Proprietary software vendors can prohibit ... more details
ref improve date September 2011 A proprietary colony was a colony in which one or more individuals, usually land owners, remaining subject to their parent Sovereign state state s sanctions, retained rights that are today regarded as the privilege of the state, and in all cases eventually became so. ref Bernard Vincent, La p riode coloniale in tats Unis peuple et culture , 2004, ISBN 2707142603 ref File Leonard Calvert by Florence MacKubin.png thumb right 150px Leonard Calvert , Lord Baltimore s younger brother and the first governor of the Maryland colony. This type of colonial government based on the County Palatine and resembling feudal grants of fiefs in exchange for service more than the modern concept of state sovereignty, was used by English colonial empire England s colonization along the Atlantic coasts of North America and the Caribbean . Most were run under a colonial charter agreement, which was reviewed by the ruling Monarch. A good example is the Province of Pennsylvania , granted to William Penn the state still bears the name meaning woodlands of Penn by King Charles II of England . This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favor as the colonies became established ... or a small group, rather than to a chartered company which would of course then be no more ... who received these grants, called Proprietary Governor s, or sometimes Lords Proprietors , were invested ... to separate head and body, figuratively or literally, at any time. Proprietary colonies in the Caribbean Barbados under Lords Proprietary 1625 1627 Sir William Courteen 1627 1652 James Hay, 1st Earl ... Province of New Jersey Delaware Colony and see History of Delaware Proprietary colonies in present ... Lands . See also English colonial empire Proprietary Governor Proprietary House Colonial government ... references Further reading Osgood, Herbert L. The Proprietary Province as a Form of Colonial Government ... fr Proprietary colony ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Proprietary hardware is computer hardware whose interface is controlled by the proprietor , often under patent or trade secret trade secret protection . Historically, most early computer hardware was designed as proprietary until the 1980s, when IBM PC changed this paradigm. Earlier, in 1970s, many vendors tried to challenge IBM s monopoly in the mainframe computer market by reverse engineering and producing hardware components electrically compatible with expensive equipment and usually able to run the same software. Those vendors were nicknamed plug compatible manufacturers PCMs . See also Vendor lock in Hardware restrictions Micro Channel architecture , a commonly cited historical example of proprietary hardware Proprietary software Compu hardware stub DEFAULTSORT Proprietary Hardware Category Computer peripherals Category Proprietary hardware ... more details
point of proprietary DVR systems is compression. Video compression removes information in exchange ... cheaper and larger, compression sacrifices are improving. A problem inherent in proprietary DVR output ... in one direction or the other. Contrary to attempts made by proprietary DVR developers, it is possible ... the pixels sent by the proprietary DVR to the users monitor. There are a number of software ... more details
A proprietary chapel is a chapel that originally belonged to a private person. In the 19th century Britain they were common, often being built to cope with urbanisation. Frequently they were set up by evangelical philanthropists with a vision of spreading Christianity in cities whose needs could no longer be met by the parishes. Some functioned more privately, with a wealthy person building a chapel so they could invite their favorite preachers. ref http www.churchsociety.org aboutus managed Properties StJamesChurch.htm ref They are anomalies in the English ecclesiastical law, having no parish area, but being able to have an Anglican clergyman licensed there. Historically many Anglican Churches were Proprietary Chapels. Over the years they have often been converted into normal Parishes. Today there are still a number of Anglican churches which are proprietary chapels, including one in Avonwick in Devon Christ Church, Bath Emmanuel Church , Wimbledon, London Wimbledon http www.wimbledon.org.uk St John s, Downshire Hill Hampstead http sjdh.org and St. James Church, Ryde St James Ryde on the Isle of Wight http www.stjamesryde.com . St John s Chapel, Bedford Row was formerly proprietary. See also Proprietary church References reflist Category Chapels church stub ... more details
Proprietary estoppel is a legal claim, which may arise in relation to rights to use the land of the owner, and may even be effective in connection with disputed transfers of ownership. Outline Proprietary estoppel can be broken into a number of steps. A proprietary estoppel may arise if, one party represents that he or she is transferring an interest in land to another, but what is done has no legal effect, or merely promises at some time in the future to transfer land or an interest in land to another, and knows that the other party will spend money or otherwise act to his or her detriment in reliance on the supposed or promised transfer In Dillwyn v Llwellyn 1862 4 De GF&J 517 a father promised a house to his son who took possession and spent a large sum of money improving the property. The father never actually transferred the house to the son. When his father died, the son claimed to be the equitable owner and the court ordered the testamentary trustees to convey the land to him. See also Inwards v Baker 1965 2 QB 29. In Willmott v Barber 1880 15 Ch D 96, Fry J considered that five elements had to be established before proprietary estoppel could operate the claimant must have made a mistake as to his legal rights the claimant must have done some act of reliance the defendant, the possessor ... must have encouraged the claimant in his act of reliance. Although proprietary estoppel ... acceptance in other areas of law. Proprietary estoppel can be closely related to the doctrine ... v. Majors 2009 UKHL 18 . The term proprietary estoppel is not used in American law, but is part and parcel of the general doctrine of promissory estoppel. In English law, proprietary estoppel ... http www.bailii.org ew cases EWCA Civ 1975 7.html EWCA Civ 7 Notes Refs 2 References McFarlane, Proprietary ..., Proprietary Estoppel and Property Rights 2005 C.L.J. 449 Gardner, The Remedial Discretion in Proprietary Estoppel Again 2006 122 L.Q.R. 492 Category Property law Category Contract law ... more details
In telecommunications , a proprietary protocol is a communications protocol owned by a single organization or individual. ref http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t proprietary protocol&i 49868,00.asp Proprietary protocol Definition PC Magazine Encyclopedia ref Enforcement Proprietors may enforce restrictions through patent s and by keeping the protocol specification a trade secret . These restrictions are intended to give the owner control of the protocol. Examples The Skype protocol is a proprietary protocol. ref http support.skype.com en US faq FA153 Which protocols does Skype use Which protocols does Skype use? Help for Skype ref The Venturi Transport Protocol VTP is a patented proprietary protocol US Patent 5883893 that is designed to replace Transmission Control Protocol TCP transparently in order to overcome perceived inefficiencies related to wireless data transport. Microsoft Exchange Server protocols are proprietary ref http msdn.microsoft.com en us library cc307725.aspx Microsoft Exchange Server Protocols ref open access protocols. The rights to develop and release protocols are held by Microsoft, but all technical details are free for access and implementation ref http www.microsoft.com protocols default.mspx Microsoft Open Protocols ref . Effects of incompatibility The use of proprietary instant messaging protocols meant that instant messaging networks were incompatible and people were unable to reach friends on other networks. This cost the instant messaging format dearly. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi uk news magazine 8698174.stm Instant messaging This conversation is terminated BBC News ref Proprietary extensions to open protocols Microsoft developed a proprietary extension to the Kerberos protocol Kerberos network authentication protocol for the Windows 2000 operating system . The extensions made the protocol incompatible with implementations supporting the original standard, and this has raised concerns that this, along with the licensing restrictions ... more details
be required for its continuity. p.3 A proprietary community is a community administered as a proprietary enterprise in which the relations of every member of the community are formed directly with the proprietary authority. p.5 Proprietary communities are thus distinguished from other types of community ... are necessarily organized on a proprietary basis. For example, residential communes, Amish communities, and Israeli kibbutzim are voluntary, but not proprietary. Importantly, proprietary communities ... principles democratic voting by the multiple owners , not on proprietary principles which require a single owner who leases units to multiple tenants . Examples of proprietary communities ... of the community. He shows that proprietary leasehold communities provide an optimal incentive system ... problems that plague contemporary societies. History The first truly proprietary communities developed ... hotel. The twentieth century saw a veritable explosion of proprietary community types, and of ever increasing ... Vegas The Venetian in Las Vegas, and Masdar City in the UAE . However, to date these proprietary communities ... proprietary communities unsuccessfully to date. A new initiative to develop experimental ... more details
During the Middle Ages , the proprietary church Latin ecclesia propria , German Eigenkirche was a church, abbey or cloister built on private ground by a feudal lord, over which he retained proprietary interests, especially the right of what in English law is advowson , that of nominating the ecclesiastic personnel. In a small parish church this right may be trivial, but in the German territories of Otto the Great it was an essential check and control on the church, through which the Holy Roman Emperor largely ruled. In the later Roman Empire the church had been centrally organized all Monastery monasteries and churches within a diocese , including their personnel and their properties, were under the jurisdiction of the local bishop. Ulrich Stutz has demonstrated that the institution of the proprietary church existed particularly in areas that had never been Roman, among the Irish and the Slavs, and in the Eastern Roman Empire, but the proprietary church is best known in Germany, where the Grundherr , the land lord who had founded the church on his property and endowed it from his lands, maintained the right of investiture , as he was the advocatus German Vogt of the fief, and responsible for its security and good order. In the 9th and 10th centuries the establishment of proprietary churches in Germany swelled to their maximum. The layman who held the position was a lay abbot . The altar was the legal anchor to which the structures, the land, the rights and ties were attached. ref ... to be used as a church. ref Blumenthal 1988 5. ref The proprietary right could be granted away ... Controversy . Within the Carolingian empire , the rules concerning proprietary churches had been expressly ... 9, under Louis the Pious . Then proprietary churches had been officially recognized, but the capitulations ... family. ref Blumenthal 1988 5. ref The Royal peculiars have remained proprietary churches until today. Notes reflist See also Proprietary chapel References lifted from German Wikipedia are there translations ... more details
Infobox nrhp name The Propriety House nrhp type image Prophouse.jpg caption Proprietary House in the late ... The Proprietary House Association lat degrees 40 lat minutes 30 lat seconds 12.60 ... history.html title Proprietary House Perth Amboy, New Jersey History accessdate ... http www.proprietaryhouse.org The Proprietary House Association added February 24, 1971 area convert 0.6 acre governing body State refnum 71000509 ref name nris NRISref version 2010a ref Proprietary House in Perth Amboy , New Jersey , is the only Proprietary Governor s Mansion of the Original Thirteen ... url http www.raritanmillstone.org guidebook perth amboy.htm proprietary title Perth Amboy accessdate ... Proprietary House was converted into a Presbyterian retirement home and once more into a hotel, but with modest ... is operated as a museum by the Proprietary House Association. The upper floors of the original building and the 1809 wing are occupied by professional offices. The first floor and basement of the Proprietary House have been undergoing extensive repairs and restoration by the non profit Proprietary ... and after the Revolution , the Proprietary House suffered extensive damage. A fire gutted the interior ... Historical Society to raise funds to purchase and restore the Proprietary House. In the late 1930 s, the house ... in the National Archives in Washington, D.C . Realizing that the importance of the property was as the Proprietary House and not as the Westminster, the http www.proprietaryhouse.org Proprietary ... were open to visitors in 1976. Gradually, it became recognized that the Proprietary House is of state ... of the original mansion are leased by the State to the Proprietary House Association, which is charged ... and without charge to the Proprietary House Association, or the State of New Jersey s taxpayers, through ... of Chris Cardelfe , has committed to the developement and preservation of the Proprietary House .... This time at no cost to The Proprietary Association . In January 2012, Phase 1 was completed ... more details
A proprietary format is a file format where the mode of presentation of its data is the intellectual property of an individual or organization which asserts ownership over the format. In contrast, a free software free format is a format that is either not recognized as intellectual property , or has had all claimants to its intellectual property release claims of ownership. Proprietary formats can be either open format open if they are published, or closed, if they are considered trade secrets. In contrast, a free software free format is never closed. Proprietary formats are typically controlled by a private person or organization for the benefit of its applications, protected with patent s or as trade secret s, and intended to give the license holder exclusive control of the technology to the current or future exclusion of others. ref cite web url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary proprietary title Mirriam Webster s Online Dictionary accessdate 2008 07 11 author date work publisher ... the use of proprietary formats is that of ownership of created content. Citation needed date July ... in a proprietary format files increases barriers of entry for competing software and may contribute to vendor lock in concept. The issue of risk comes about because proprietary formats are less likely ... needed date October 2009 Prominent proprietary formats In alphabetical order Open Proprietary Formats ... countries ref Ubuntu s commitment to only include completely free software by default means that proprietary ... en5 ref Closed Proprietary Formats CorelDraw CDR file format CDR non documented CorelDraw s native ... to re create the RAR compression algorithm, which is proprietary, without written permission ... Open Specification Promise Rich Text Format RTF a formatted text format proprietary ref cite web url ... Up accessdate 2010 12 24 ref Formerly proprietary Graphics Interchange Format GIF CompuServe s Graphics ... open since 2008 , but the specification allows some proprietary extensions See also Open format References ... more details
Infobox UK school name Blackheath Proprietary School image BlackheathProprietarySchool crest.jpg size 100px latitude 51.46438 longitude 0.00781 motto docendum et discendum br To be taught and to learn motto pl established 1830 approx closed 1907 c approx type Proprietary School religion Church of England president head label head r head label r head chair label chair founder founder pl specialist street Blackheath, London Blackheath city Greenwich county London country England postcode LEA ofsted staff enrollment gender boys lower age 11 upper age 18 houses colours publication free label 1 free 1 free label 2 free 2 free label 3 free 3 website website name The Blackheath Proprietary School was an educational establishment founded in 1830 that was noted in the contemporary press as an extremely successful school in terms of its education but is perhaps most notable for its profound influence on the game of football, in both Association and Rugby codes. In 1863, the school became one of the founders ... Upfront Publishing isbn 1 84426 035 6 pages 13 15 ref History The Blackheath Proprietary School was established ... Blackheath Proprietary School for boys, for the young women of Blackheath. The school was built at the initiative of local residents, but was run by the Girls Public Day School Company. Although the Proprietary School flourished for much of the nineteenth century, it was threatened ... title Proprietary School, Lee Road, Blackheath, 1839 url http www.ideal homes.org.uk lewisham blackheath proprietary school 1839.htm work publisher www.ideal homes.org.uk date accessdate 28 September ... was played by the Proprietary School, as well as the style tending towards the dribbling game ... Proprietary School was one of the twelve teams represented through the person of Mr. W. Gordon ... seealso Category People educated at Blackheath Proprietary School Alfred William Alcock 1859 1933 ... Proprietary School J. W. Kirby. Blackheath Press , 1933. The Football Association Schools ... more details
This is a list of notable Computer software software packages which were published under a proprietary software license but later released as free software free and open source software . In some cases, the company continues to publish proprietary, binary only releases alongside the free and open source version. TOC class wikitable sortable List of formerly proprietary and closed source software Title Original release Relicensed release New license Notes Adobe Flex 2004 2007 Mozilla Public License MPL AdvFS 1990s June 2008 GNU General Public License GPL v2 HP opened up AdvFS from Tru64 UNIX. Apache Derby 1996 August 2004 Apache License 2.0 Relational database management system originally called Cloudscape released as free and open source software by IBM in 2004 and donated to the Apache Software Foundation BDS C BDS C Compiler 1979 2002 Public domain Released by author Bitstream Vera font Unknown 2003 http www.gnome.org fonts Final Bitstream Vera Fonts custom Through the efforts of Bitstream and the GNOME Foundation Blender software Blender 1996 2003 GNU General Public License GPL C Base 1980s 2003 GNU General Public License GPL CuneiForm software CuneiForm 1993 2008 BSD licenses BSD Optical character recognition software Duke Nukem 3D 1996 2003 GNU General Public License GPL Game code only, no data, no engine. Doom engine 1993 1999 GNU General Public License GPL Code only. Originally released under a restrictive license in 1997 Fish Fillets NG Fish Fillets 1998 2002 GNU General Public License GPL Free Download Manager FDM 2003 August 2007 GNU General Public License GPL Free ... was only under proprietary license. Quake engine 1996 1999 GPL The map sources were also released ... LGPL LGPL . StarOffice is still released separately under a proprietary license, using mostly the same ... List Of Formerly Proprietary Software Category Free software lists and comparisons Category Formerly proprietary software ca Llista de programari alliberat fr Liste de logiciels lib r s ... more details
Customer proprietary network information CPNI is the data collected by telecommunications companies about a consumer s telephone call s. It includes the time, date, duration and destination number of each call, the type of network a consumer subscribes to, and any other information that appears on the consumer s telephone bill . Telemarketer s working on behalf of telephone companies, attempting to either win back a customer or upsell a customer with more services, must ask the customer s consent before accessing the billing information or before using that information to offer an upsell or any change of services. Usually this is done at the beginning of a call from the telemarketer to the telephone subscriber. Description The U.S. Telecommunications Act of 1996 granted the Federal Communications Commission FCC authority to regulate how customer proprietary network information CPNI can be used and to enforce related consumer information privacy provisions. The rules in the 2007 http hraunfoss.fcc.gov edocs public attachmatch FCC 07 22A1.pdf FCC CPNI Order further restrict CPNI use and create new notification and reporting requirements. The rules in the 2007 CPNI Order include limits the information which carriers may provide to third party marketing firms without first securing the affirmative consent of their customers defines when and how customer service representatives may share call details creates new notification and reporting obligations for carriers including identity ... company is permitted to sell all information on you, such as numbers you call, when you called them ... order. One can call up a phone company and opt out by requesting that they do not share CPNI information. In the case of Verizon Wireless , for example, the company states that one the one hand, Your ... Customer Proprietary Network Information CPNI among our affiliates and parent companies including ... http www.fcc.gov cgb consumerfacts phoneaboutyou.html FCC What Your Telephone Company Knows About You ... more details
The Northern Neck Proprietary also called the Northern Neck land grant , Fairfax Proprietary , or Fairfax Grant was a land grant first contrived by the exiled British Charles II of England King Charles II in 1649 and encompassing all the lands bounded by the Potomac River Potomac and Rappahannock River s in colonial Virginia . This constituted up to convert 5000000 acre km2 of Virginia s Northern Neck and a vast area northwest of it. The grant became actual in 1660 when Charles was restored to the English throne. By 1719, these lands had been inherited by Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron 1693 1781 . By that time the question of the boundaries of the designated lands had also become ... Act of 1779 and when he died in 1781 the Proprietary effectively ceased to exist. A portion of this estate ... Court case Martin v. Hunter s Lessee 1816 . History The proprietary In September 1649, King Charles ... s as a Proprietary colony Proprietary . The Northern Neck Proprietary during the colonial period ... century, control of the Proprietary had come to one man, Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper ... died the following year. His 5 6th share of the proprietary was inherited by his daughter Catherine ... share. Because he was only sixteen years old at the time, the affairs of the Proprietary fell to his ... six shares of the proprietary. http etext.virginia.edu users berkeley Northern 20Neck. sources As the Virginia ... and western boundaries of the proprietary. In 1735 Lord Fairfax came to Virginia to see about ... the Privy Council to the most extensive boundaries for the proprietary in exchange for certain land concessions to the Virginia authorities. Virginia had won political control over the proprietary and its inhabitants in the seventeenth century. When Lord Fairfax died in 1781 in Virginia, the proprietary ... Baltimore Genealogical Publishing Co. DEFAULTSORT Fairfax Proprietary Category Colonial Virginia Category Fairfax family Fairfax proprietary Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Wine software , a compatibility layer that allows many windows software to run on Linux both proprietary ... software in Linux , which is licensed under GNU FDL . Linux DEFAULTSORT Proprietary Software ... more details
unreferenced date June 2007 Industrial Light and Magic s proprietary Sabre compositing technology is actually based on Discreet Logic s Inferno and Flame. Several key innovation s separate it from the Commercial off the shelf off the shelf versions. Most important is the tools that accurately deal with logarithm ic color conversions into and out of the system. Several node s were also written to accurately process images in logarithmic color space . Company folklore states that the name Sabre was quickly created because Discreet Logic didn t want to offer a discount to Industrial Light & Magic ILM in exchange for use of their name in marketing materials. Of much greater significance to the history of digital compositing would be Industrial Light & Magic ILM s Proprietary software proprietary CompTime application. It was written entirely from scratch by ILM programmers. It relies heavily on Python programming language python programming and is very customizable by artists with only a cursory knowledge of Scripting language scripting and programming. Still in use today, it has handled the majority of visual effects shots created by ILM. Compositing Software Category Film and video technology Category Lucasfilm filming stub industry stub ... more details
The Company may refer to Organizations The Society of Jesus , the Christian Catholic Order of Saint Ignatius of Loyola also referred to as St. Ignatius The Central Intelligence Agency CIA , an American agency The Indian mafia , an organised body of criminals based in India In literature The Company Ehrlichman novel The Company Ehrlichman novel , a book by John Ehrlichman The Company novel The Company novel , a book by Robert Littell In television The Company TV miniseries The Company TV miniseries , a miniseries about the CIA based on the above Littel book The Company Heroes The Company Heroes , a covert international organization in the television series Heroes The Company Prison Break The Company Prison Break , a covert international organization in the television series Prison Break The Company, a covert organization in the television series Kyle XY The Company, a covert international organization in the television series The Equalizer In films The Company film The Company film , a film about the Joffrey Ballet of Chicago Weyland Yutani , a company often referred to as The Company in the Alien film series Other uses Dr. Zeus Inc. , also known as The Company , a fictional entity in a science fiction series by Kage Baker A band started by ex Falling In Reverse member Anthony Avila See also Company disambiguation dab de The Company it The Company ... more details
Other uses Globalize date April 2010 Companies law A company is a Companies law business organization ... can be made to exist in law and then a company is itself considered a legal person . The name company arose because, at least originally, it represented or was owned by more than one real or legal person. In the United States, a company may be a corporation , partnership , association, joint stock company , Investment trust trust , Mutual fund fund , or organized group of person s, whether ... Dictionary. Second Pocket Edition. Bryan A. Garner, editor. West. 2001. ref In the US, a company is not necessarily a corporation. ref http legal dictionary.thefreedictionary.com company ref In English law and in the Commonwealth realm s a company is a body corporate or corporation company registered under the United Kingdom company law Companies Acts or similar legislation. ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ... as a company. Meaning and definition A company can be defined as an artificial person , invisible, intangible ... and a Company seal common seal . It is not affected by the death, insanity or insolvency of an individual ... recorded in 1150 , meaning a body of soldiers , ref OEtymD company ref originally taken from the Late ... referred to trade guild s. Usage of company to mean business association was first recorded in 1553 ... of the United Kingdom Parliament , by Royal Charter, or by registration under company law referred to as a limited liability or joint stock company . ref name crystal In the United Kingdom ... Reportedly, a company registered under this Act has limited liability its owners the shareholders have no financial liability in the event of winding up the affairs of the company, but they might lose ... crystal Company. Crystal Reference Encyclopedia. Crystal Reference Systems Limited. 27 Nov. 2007. http ... were The London Company also called the Charter of the Virginia Company of London &mdash an England English joint stock company established by royal charter by James I of England on April 10, 1606 ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Proprietary Articles Trade Association v. Attorney General of Canada , 1931 A.C. 310 ref Cite web title Privy Council Appeal No. 118 of 1929 url http www.bailii.org uk cases UKPC 1931 1931 11.pdf date 1931 01 29 ref is a famous Canadian constitutional decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on the Constitution s criminal law power under section 91 27 . Lord Atkin , writing for the Council, rejected the previous interpretation of criminal law in Canada by Lord Haldane in the Board of Commerce case as it froze the scope of criminal law to what was considered criminal at the time of confederation in 1867. Instead, Atkin offered a new definition The criminal quality of an act cannot be discerned by intuition nor can it be discovered by reference to any standard but one Is the act prohibited with penal consequences? This statement suggested two requirements for criminal law. It must consist of a prohibition and must impose a prison sentence. While not having to decide on the applicability of the trade and commerce power in this, the Board expressed a desire to clarify an aspect of their previous ruling in Board of Commerce case Board of Commerce . In the current case, it had been argued that Board of Commerce held that the trade and commerce power could be used only in furtherance of a general power that the Parliament of Canada had independently of it. It was emphasized that that was not the correct interpretation, and that the power existed as a separate grant of authority. Aftermath Atkin s definition only lasted until 1949 when it was once again redefined much more narrowly in the Margarine Reference case. References reflist See also List of Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases DEFAULTSORT Proprietary Articles Trade Association V. Attorney General Of Canada Category 1931 in case law Category Canadian federalism case law Category Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases on appeal from Canada Category Legal articles ... more details
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