protectivesign in the relations between states which are bound by the Washington Treaty of 1935 but not by the convention ... as a protectivesign with equal status to the Red Cross, Red Crescent and Red Crystal. Sources ...Protective signs are symbols to be used during an War armed conflict to mark persons and objects under the protection of various treaties of International Humanitarian Law IHL . While their essential meaning can be summarized as Don t shoot or Don t attack , the exact conditions implied vary depending on the respective sign and the circumstances of its use. The form, shape and color of these signs are defined by the rules of IHL. Usually, they are easy to draw in order to make even an improvised use as easy as possible, and they were chosen to be as concise, recognizable and visible as possible under all circumstances. Usage of protective signs is restricted to armed conflicts. They are to be used only by eligible organizations or groups to mark their personnel, vehicles, buildings and other objects. The misuse of protective signs is a violation of International Humanitarian Law and punishable under the national law of all countries who are state parties to the respective treaties. List of protective signs The following signs have a protective meaning under certain conditions the Red Cross ref name GC1 Defined in article 38 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition ... a blue triangle on orange ground as the international distinctive sign of civil defence ref ... heritage of every people and the triple use of that sign to mark cultural property under special protection ... sign used to facilitate the identification of works and installations containing dangerous forces ... Image CivilDefence.svg International distinctive sign of civil defence Image Marking for Hospital ... Image International special sign for works and installations containing dangerous forces.svg Special sign for works and installations containing dangerous forces gallery Of these symbols, the distinctive ... more details
Protective custody is a type of imprisonment or care to protect a prisoner or other person from harm, either from outside sources or other prisoners. ref cite book last Henderson, Phillips first James D., Richard L. title Protective Custody Management in Adult Correctional Facilities year 1991 publisher The National Institute of Corrections isbn 0 929310 40 3 ref Many administrators believe the level of violence, or the underlying threat of violence within prisons, is a chief factor causing the need for PC units. This factor was cited by Anderson 1980 and Vantour 1979 , with the following broad elements noted as contributing to the problem. Prisoners have the opportunity to request protective ... being. Their request may be granted if the officials rule that the prisoner is truly at risk. Protective ... , but usually protective custody involves some degree of solitary confinement . For people who ... may be sufficient. ref cite web last Turner first Julia title How Protective is Protective ... Early uses of protective custody started in the 1960s law enforcement but it was used infrequently. Federal ... number of convictions. ref cite web title protective custody url http legal dictionary.thefreedictionary.com protective custody ref In return for assistance from these participants, the witness and family members over eighteen years of age must each sign a memorandum of agreement. The witness must ..., jewelry, and other items. In a prison context, protective custody is used mainly in the following ... . ref http www.arap.so36.net lgt news dt TGjail.html LGBTjail0104 Part four The myth of protective ... is linked from Gestapo Protective custody does not necessarily imply a prisoner or a prison ... frmPublications epcinforpak 114200430207.pdf Emergency Protective Custody Checklist for Law Enforcement ... or defendant s in pending trials have also been placed in protective custody in a prison setting ... ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Protective Custody Category Imprisonment and detention als Schutzhaft ... more details
The protective index is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity. Quantitatively, it is the ratio given by the toxic dose divided by the therapeutic dose. A protective index is the toxic dose of a drug for 50 of the population TD50 TD sub 50 sub divided by the minimum effective dose for 50 of the population ED 50 ED sub 50 sub . A high protective index is preferable to a low one this corresponds to a situation in which one would have to take a much higher dose of a drug to reach the toxic threshold than the dose taken to elicit the therapeutic effect. A drug should ordinarily only be administered if the protective index is greater than one, indicating that the benefit outweighs the risk. math mbox Protective index frac mathrm TD 50 mathrm ED 50 math The protective index is similar to the therapeutic index , but concerns toxicity TD50 TD sub 50 sub rather than lethality LD50 thus, the protective index is a smaller ratio. Toxicity can take many forms, as drugs typically have multiple side effects of varying severity, so a specific criterion of toxicity must be specified for the protective index to be meaningful. Ideally a choice is made such that the harm caused by the toxicity just outweighs the benefit of the drug s effect. Thus, the protective index is a more accurate measure of the benefit to risk ratio than the therapeutic index, but is less objectively defined. Nevertheless, the therapeutic index can be viewed as an upper bound to the protective index for a given substance. Pharmacology Category Pharmacology pharma stub ... more details
Medical Protective is an United States American liability insurance company for physician s and dentist s. Medical Protective traces its roots back to a predecessor company, the Physicians Guarantee Company ... Protective Company and in 1913, Medical Protective acquired Physicians Defense Company. ref Medical Protective Takes over Physicians Defense , The Fort Wayne Daily News, November 15, 1913 ref Byron Somers and by his descendants ran Medical Protective until 1998 when General Electric purchased ... name midwest cite news title Berkshire Hathaway and GE Complete Medical Protective Transaction url ... over 2 billion. ref name midwest Its products are Underwriting underwritten by the Medical Protective ... on the board of directors. 1907 Medical Protective is founded by Byron H. Somers and Charles M. Niezer and offers pre paid legal defense coverage to healthcare providers. 1910 Medical Protective expands expands coverage to include indemnity coverage. Medical Protective offers medical professional ... Protective 1920s Byron H. Somers leads Medical Protective and the company becomes the largest insurer of healthcare providers in 17 states. 1930s Medical Protective introduces a much broader coverage ..., named Brief on Malpractice Law. 1940s Medical Protective defends well over 50,000 claims ... Always with a vision towards the future of healthcare, Medical Protective begins insuring residents and interns during their training. 1960s Medical Protective begins to expand coverage and increase limits and continues its national leadership position. 1970s Medical Protective is one of the few ... Protective continues to offer occurrence coverage and to award claim free credits for policyholders without losses. 1990s Focusing on the continuum of care, Medical Protective begins to insure small and community based hospitals. 1998 General Electric purchases Medical Protective and expands coverage countrywide. 2001 Recognizing technology advancements, Medical Protective offers online risk management ... more details
refimprove date November 2011 Infobox company company name Protective Life Corporation company logo Image Protective logo.jpg company type Public company Public NYSE PL company slogan Doing the right thing is smart business. foundation 1907 location Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham , Alabama , USA key people John D. Johns, President and Chief Executive Officer br Richard J. Bielen, Chief Financial Officer br Carolyn M. Johnson, Chief Operating Officer industry Insurance & Finance products Life Insurance revenue profit 3.06 billion United States dollar USD 2009 operating income profit 416 million United States dollar USD 2009 net income profit 271 million United States dollar USD 2009 assets 42 billion USD 2009 num employees 2,302 2009 homepage http www.protective.com www.protective.com Protective Life Corporation , headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham , Alabama , is a Fortune 1000 holding company whose subsidiaries provide financial services through the production, distribution, and administration of insurance and investment products. Protective Life Insurance Company was founded in 1907 by former Alabama Governor William Dorsey Jelks in Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham . From around 1920 to 1940, Protective Life pursued a rapid expansion policy. When William J. Rushton, III assumed the role of CEO in 1969, Protective Life was already a regional provider throughout large portions of the South . In an attempt to grow the company, William J. Rushton, III pushed for an ambitious plan to introduce Protective Life into all 50 U.S. states. Today, the 100 year old company is one ..., Protective Life had insurance in force of approximately 445 billion. ref cite web url http www.protective.com our values our heritage.aspx title Protective Life Our Heritage and Values ref Protective ..., West Coast Life . The company has its headquarters in Birmingham along with its Protective brokerage ... External links http www.protective.com Protective Life s Website http www.etermlifeinsurance.net ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Wills, trusts, estates The Protective Trust is a form of settlement found in England and Wales and several Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth countries. It has marked similarities to asset protection trusts found in several offshore jurisdictions and US Spendthrift trust s. In such a trust assets are ordinarily held to pay an income to the beneficiary trust beneficiary . The beneficiary may also have access to capital of the trust with the trustee s permission. The right to receive income from a trust would ordinarily be an asset in the hands of the beneficiary and could be sold, thwarting the intention of the donor to spread the gift over the recipient s lifetime. Additionally on a bankruptcy the right to the income would be sold by the beneficiary s trustee in bankruptcy. To give protection to beneficiaries, a protective trust automatically converts into a discretionary trust , under which the beneficiary has no right to the income, if he or she does anything which breaches a condition specified in the document creating the trust. The establishment of this discretionary trust is ordinarily exempt from the charge to UK inheritance tax on the establishment of discretionary trusts. Such protective trusts have a longstanding history. To reduce the verbose definitions that had previously to be recited in the establishing documents of a protective trust, in England and Wales s33 of the Trustee Act 1925 and equivalent legislation in other jurisdictions provides that this protection will arise in any trust described as a protective trust in its trust deed. Protective trusts are subject to challenge under creditor protection legislation as are any other forms of asset protection. However many jurisdictions do not permit a trust to be broken where a debtor who remains a discretionary beneficiary only .... See also Asset protection DEFAULTSORT Protective Trust Category Wills and trusts UK law stub ... more details
Protective factors are conditions or attributes skills, strengths, resources, supports or coping strategies in individuals, families, communities or the larger society that help people deal more effectively with stress stressful events and mitigate or eliminate risk in families and communities. ref http www.childwelfare.gov can factors protective.cfm A definition of protective factors by a governmental institution for children s welfare ref ref http www.suicideoutreach.org warning signs A web page for the prevention of suicide ref Protective Factors in Adoption Protective factors include Adoptive parents having an accurate understanding of their adopted children s pre adoption medical and behavioral problems ref Simmel, C. 2007 . Risk and protective factors contributing to the longitudinal psycho social well being of adopted foster children. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders,15 4 , 237 249. ref Assistance of adoption professionals in the home of adopted children ref Reilly, T. & Platz, L. 2004 . Post adoption service needs of families with special needs children Use, helpfulness, and unmet needs. Journal of Social Service Research 30 4 51 67. ref Some risks that adopted children are prone to ref Howe, David. 1997 . Parent reported problems in 211 adopted children Some risk and protective factors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38 4 , 401 411. ref Self mutilation Delinquency Trouble with the law Substance abuse Thievery See also epidemiology medical statistics risk factors References reflist Category Epidemiology Category Risk Category Medical statistics Category Risk factors ... more details
orphan date May 2008 Protective sequestration is a public health term that refers to measures taken to protect a small, defined, and still healthy population from an epidemic or pandemic before the infection reaches that population. Given the extraordinary nature of these measures, they should be considered, if at all, only under exceptional circumstances 1 implementation is feasible, 2 the measures can be enforced, and voluntary compliance of the sequestered population is highly likely, and 3 the sequestered population and or the work they perform merits this effort and justifies the use of these measures. The term protective sequestration was coined by Howard Markel and his colleagues, in their paper that described the successes and failures of several communities in the United States in their attempts to shield themselves from the 1918 1920 so called Spanish Influenza pandemic during the second wave of that pandemic September December 1918 . ref See Howard Markel, Alexandra M. Stern, J. Alexander Navarro, Joseph R. Michalsen, Arnold S. Monto, and Cleto DiGiovanni, Jr., Nonpharmaceutical Influenza Mitigation Strategies, US Communities, 1918 1920 Pandemic, Emerging Infectious Diseases , vol. 12, no. 12 December 2006 available at http www.cdc.gov ncidod eid vol12no12 06 0506.htm. ref The term protective sequestration avoids the use of the word quarantine, which, in public health, refers to the voluntary or enforced detention of a person who, because of actual or possible contact with a person carrying an infectious agent, may have acquired that agent and be capable of passing ... that contributed to the rare successes of protective sequestration were the following. First, the community ... protective measures early before neighboring communities did . Second, taking advantage of the community .... Fifth, protective sequestration measures remained in effect for the duration of the risk. An advantage of protective sequestration is that it shields selected people from infection and possibly ... more details
The Sign can refer to An alternate name for the album Happy Nation , by the Swedish dance pop group Ace of Base The Sign song The Sign song , a 1993 hit from this album The Sign band , a rock group The Sign Northern Irish Boyband disambig it The Sign ... more details
see also Power system protection refimprove date September 2010 In electrical engineering , a protective relay is a complex electromechanical apparatus, often with more than one coil, designed to calculate operating conditions on an electrical circuit and trip circuit breakers when a fault is detected. Unlike switching type relay s with fixed and usually ill defined operating voltage thresholds and operating times, protective relays have well established, selectable, time current or other operating .... The various protective functions available on a given relay are denoted by standard ANSI Device Numbers . For example, a relay including function 51 would be a timed overcurrent protective relay. File Protective Relays Hydroelectric Station.JPG thumb right Electromechanical protective relays at a hydroelectric generating plant Design and theory of these protective devices is an important part of the education ... are nearly entirely replaced with microprocessor based digital protective relay s numerical ... over the world. Operation principles Electromechanical protective relays operate by either magnetic ... force is produced. ref name GEC97 Protective Relays Application Guide 3rd Edition , GEC Alsthom Measurements Ltd. 1987, no ISBN, pages 9 10, 83 93 ref Protective relays can also be classified by the type of measurement they make. A protective relay may respond to the magnitude of a quantity ... name GEC97 Types Overcurrent relay An overcurrent relay is a type of protective relay which operates ... but still in the same direction. Static relays Application of electronic amplifiers to protective ... maintenance. Digital protective relays Main Digital protective relay The functions of electromechanical protection systems are now being replaced by microprocessor based digital protective relays, sometimes called numeric relays . File Protective relay.jpg thumb right A microprocessor based digital ... references C. Russel Mason, The Art and Science of Protective Relaying , General Electric, available ... more details
Refimprove article date May 2010 Protective laws were Coming into force enacted to protect Woman women from certain hazards or difficulties of paid work. These Law laws had the effect of reducing the employment available to women, saving it for men. These were enacted in many United States U.S. jurisdictions and some were in effect until the mid or late 20th century. The List of landmark court decisions in the United States landmark case Muller v. Oregon set a precedent to use Sex differences in humans sex differences as a basis for separate legislation. ref name baron The name is not a formal one, but is a widely used colloquial term, as was the term protective legislation . ref Stansell, Christine, The Feminist Promise 1792 to the Present N.Y. Modern Library, 1st ed. 2010 ISBN 978 0 679 64314 2 , p. 197 protective legislation as term . ref Feminism sidebar expanded all Labor Range of laws Over a thousand laws affected work hours, wages, occupational choice, mandatory seating, homework, and rights to do business and make contracts. ref name JaneGrant Confession pp688690 Grant, Jane, Confession of a Feminist , in The American Mercury , vol. LVII, no. 240, Dec., 1943, pp. 684 691, esp. pp. 688 690. ref Specifically, various laws required a history of the minimum wage minimum wage for women and children ref name GreedLustGender p276andn37 Folbre, Nancy, Greed, Lust and Gender A History ... and considered female only protective laws as against women s interests. ref Stansell, Christine, The Feminist ... denying jobs to women to be wrong and unjust. Protective labor laws were criticized because they excluded ... journal last1 Baron first1 Ava title Protective Labor Legislation and the Cult of Domesticity journal ..., such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act . An argument for protective laws still sometimes ... for protective legislation. ref Badran, Margot, Feminism in Islam Secular and Religious Convergences ... Protective Laws Category Discrimination law in the United States Category Feminism and society ... more details
Protective autoimmunity is a condition in which cells of the adaptive immune system contribute to maintenance of the functional integrity of a tissue, or facilitate its repair following an insult. The term protective autoimmunity was coined by Prof. Michal Schwartz of the Weizmann Institute of Science Israel , whose pioneering studies were the first to demonstrate that autoimmune T lymphocytes can have a beneficial role in repair, following an injury to the central nervous system CNS . Most of the studies on the phenomenon of protective autoimmunity were conducted in experimental settings of various CNS pathologies and thus reside within the scientific discipline of neuroimmunology . Background The adaptive immune system primarily consists of T and B cells lymphocyte s , which can respond to specific antigen s and subsequently acquire an immunological memory. The activity of adaptive immunity is critically important for host defense against pathogens. Cells of the adaptive immunity that respond to self antigens are termed autoimmune cells . Autoimmunity , the activity of autoimmune cells, is generally considered in the context of an autoimmune disease a pathological condition induced by an overwhelming activity of autoimmune cells. One of the hallmarks of immunity is the ability to transfer ... work by the Schwartz group has shown that protective autoimmunity is a naturally occurring physiological ... first E. authorlink coauthors et al. year 2001 month title Protective autoimmunity is a physiological ... them cytotoxic whereas IFN gamma and IL 4 render them protective journal Mol Cell Neurosci volume ... protective autoimmunity maintains the brain s functional integrity under non injurious conditions ..., an initially protective autoimmune response can reach a tipping point, after which it will have a detrimental ..., or at a single site at the injured spinal cord. Therapeutic implications The concept of protective ... as a damaging factor. Skepticism towards protective autoimmunity has been further fueled ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 distinguish sine Other uses selfref For how to sign your posts on Wikipedia talk pages, see Wikipedia Signatures . File Biohazard.svg thumb This biohazard sign is a completely conventional symbol with no inherent relationship to what it represents. A sign is a representation of an object that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement ... for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation . File Door sign.JPG thumb Door sign The way a sign signifies is called semiosis which is a topic of semiotics and philosophy of language . How a sign is perceived depends upon what is intended or expressed in the semiotic relationship of Signification ... of things There are things that are just things, not any sign at all There are things that are also ... Pedestrian crossing sign Thus there are things which may act as signs without any respect to the human ... and patterns of signification may have a decisive value. Types A sign can denote any of the following ... racially segregated beach. Sign, in astrology often used to mean the Sun signSign or signing, in communication communicating via hand gesture s, such as in sign language . Gang signal Sign, in Tracking ... . A sign, in common use, is an indication that a previously observed event is about to occur again Sign, in divination and religion an omen , an event or occurrence believed to foretell the future Sign, in ontology and spirituality a coincidence see synchronicity Sign linguistics a combination of a concept and a sound image described by Ferdinand de Saussure In mathematics , the sign mathematics sign of a number tells whether it is positive and negative numbers positive or negative . Also, the sign ... of a number has one bit, the sign bit, which denotes whether the number is non negative or negative. A number is called signed if it contains a sign bit, otherwise unsigned. See also signed ... more details
distinguish Login This article is not an appropriate location to add random trivia about the sign on details for every broadcaster from around the world. If you have valid references for such information then you may consider adding it to the article on the individual station. Please do not recompile a list of such information here. Unref date May 2011 Sign on or startup is the term used to describe the beginning of operations for a radio station radio or television station , generally at the start of each day. It is the opposite to a sign off or closedown which generally takes place at the end of the day. Overview Sign ons, like sign offs, vary from country to country, from station to station, and from time to time, however most follow a similar general pattern. Many stations follow the reverse process to their sign off sequence at the close of the day. It is common for sign ons to be followed ... television breakfast show . While both sign ons and sign offs have become less common with the increasing ... sign on typically occurring between 5 00 am and 7 00 am. However, in some countries with more limited broadcast coverage, such as North Korea , sign on may be as late as 5 00 pm. A particular type of AM ... hours, and will therefore run a sign on sequence each day. Sign on sequence The sign on sequence ... be broadcast fifteen to twenty minutes before the actual sign on. A signal to turn on remote transmitter ..., such as the call sign , Transmitter power output transmitter power , broadcast translator translators ... , and on Religious broadcasting religious broadcasters . For example sign ons in Cambodia , Thailand ... channel , Amplitude modulation AM or Frequency modulation FM frequency , call sign , brand ing, and a clock ... clips featuring station programming or personalities. While most of these sign off steps are done ... TV Ark http www.tv signoffs.com TV Signoffs.com J. Alan Wall s site featuring sign offs and sign ... Up Blog A blog devoted to sign ons and sign offs from around the world DEFAULTSORT Sign On Category ... more details
Federal Protective Service may refer to Federal Protective Service United States , responsible for the security of Federal buildings Federal Protective Service Russia , the successor of the KGB Ninth Chief Directorate , now an independent organization disambig he ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 unreferenced February 2007 orphan November 2009 A protective finishing coat is a substance or chemical composition applied to the surface of an object that provides a barrier of protection from external elements. Polishes use a highly refined abrasive generally finer than 4,000 grit that is suspended in a liquid carrier. The polish wears away the surface to create a smooth surface. The smoother the surface the higher the resulting gloss or perceived shine . A protective finishing coat is applied after polishing to preserve the surface and help resist further oxidation or weathering. Effective finishing coatings penetrate the surface pores and use these pores to which the protective film anchors to. DEFAULTSORT Protective Finishing Coat Category Coatings Chem stub ... more details
Image SSPC.v2.png right Society for Protective Coatings SSPC The Society for Protective Coatings SSPC is a professional organization for the industrial coating s industry. It was founded in 1950 as the Steel Structures Painting Council , a non profit association concerned with the use of coatings to protect industrial steel structures such as bridges, ships, water tanks, and locks and dams. Since the original mission of the organization evolved over the years to include structures built with materials other than steel concrete, composite materials, etc. , the name was changed in 1997 to The Society for Protective Coatings. As of 2007, there are approximately 8,300 members worldwide. There are also approximately 780 corporate members. Industrial painting contractors are a primary beneficiary of SSPC s efforts. SSPC develops and publishes widely used industry standards for surface preparation, coating selection, coating application, painting contractor certification, and testing. Standing committees periodically review and update the standards as required. In addition, SSPC publishes the Journal of Protective Coatings & Linings as well as books, training courses, and information regarding environmental regulations and health and safety issues that affect the protective coatings industry. An annual conference, the Paint and Coatings Expo or PACE , is held in the United States each year for SSPC members and affiliates. Other regional meetings are held throughout the USA and other parts of the world via SSPC s Chapter system. External links http www.sspc.org The Society for Protective Coatings Website http www.rapidprep.com Surface Preparation Equipment Category Organizations established in 1950 Category Professional associations Org stub ... more details
In the United States , Adult Protective Services APS are social services provided to abused, neglected, or exploited older and or disabled adults. APS is typically administered by local or state health, aging, or regulatory departments and includes a multi disciplinary approach to helping victims of elder abuse . Services range from investigation of mistreatment to legal intervention in the form of court orders or surrogate decision makers such as a legal guardian . Many states provide adult protective services to older adults only, such as the case in Ohio where the APS law applies to those 60 and older. Other states provide adult protective services to anyone over the age of 18. APS is intended to assist vulnerable adults such as those with disabilities due to aging, health related issues, or dementia . Forms of abuse include physical, emotional, verbal, and sexual abuse. Exploitation can be either financial or material in nature. Neglect can be perpetrated by any caregiver who has accepted the responsibility of assisting an older or disabled adult. Additionally, many states include self neglect in their definition of those needing adult protective services. Self neglect involves an individual s inability to care for themselves due to physical or cognitive deficits. External links http www.elderabusecenter.org National Center on Elder Abuse http www.apsnetwork.org National Adult Protective Services Association http www.inpea.net International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse http www.apsao.org Adult Protective Service Association of Ontario For Further Reading Este, Stephen, 2007. The Challenges of Accountability in the Human Services Performance Management in the Adult Protective Services Program of Texas 2007 . Applied Research Projects. Texas State University Paper 250. http ecommons.txstate.edu arp 250 Wold, Kezeli, 2010. Adult Protective Services Specialists in Texas Perceptions of Three Factors Affecting Turnover . Applied Research Projects. Texas State ... more details
The C 4 Protective Mask is a gas mask that is widely used by Canadian Forces . The Canadian Forces C 4 Protective Mask has been determined to be less than optimal in its performance in the field. ref Assessment of Commercial Alternatives to the C4 Mask For Use in Moderate to High Risk Biological Scenarios. OAI. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 July 2010. http oai.dtic.mil oai oai?verb getRecord&metadataPrefix html&identifier ADA323277 . ref References references Category Military equipment of Canada Category Gas masks ... more details
unreferenced date September 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Protective security units typically provide policing, security, intelligence and bodyguard services for Sovereigns and Politicians. They can be contrasted with Security agency security services which provide protective security intelligence such as such as the British MI5 Security Service and Guards Regiments for the defence of the Sovereign and the metropolis. Examples of these include the Household Division . There are also distinct non combat personal bodyguards which serve as ceremonial guards and personal attendants such as the Gentlemen at Arms , the Yeomen of the Guard , the Royal Company of Archers , and the Company of Pikemen and Musketeers of the Honourable Artillery Company , as well as the Corps of Serjeant at Arms Serjeants at Arms , the Gold Stick and Silver Stick , and the High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse . Well known examples include the Royalty and Diplomatic Protection Department of the London Metropolitan Police , the United States Secret Service , and the Diplomatic Security Service of the United States Department of State . Typically they provide security and any ceremonial effect is not per se an objective. DEFAULTSORT Protective Security Units Category Protective security units Law enforcement stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File US Navy 070627 N 3857R 003 Two gunners from Naval Mobile Construction Battalion NMCB 1 convoy security teams fire the rest of their rounds following the final protective fire scenario of the Battalion s field exercise at Camp.jpg thumb right 200px Two gunners from Naval Mobile Construction Battalion NMCB 1 convoy security teams fire the rest of their rounds following the final protective fire scenario of the Battalion s field exercise at Camp Shelby . June 27, 2007 . Final protective fire refers to a tactical plan for a military unit, set up by the forward observer in support of the infantry , to protect itself against overwhelming attack. A final protective fire is an immediately available preplanned barrier of direct and indirect fire designed to provide close protection to friendly positions and installations by impeding enemy movement into defensive areas. The size of the FPF depends on the number and type of weapons firing e.g. FPF size for one battery of 155mm howitzer s is 300m X 50m . The supported maneuver commander designates the location of the FPF and it is adjusted into place by the forward observer. Normally, the FPF is within 200 to 400 meters of friendly positions and is integrated into the final protective line of the maneuver unit. As the final in the name implies, it is the last resort in defensive plans, involving artillery integrated with small arms and heavy machine gun fire directed dangerously close to friendly defensive positions that are at risk of being overrun by the enemy. A request for final protective fire generally has absolute priority over any other kind of requests. DEFAULTSORT Final Protective Fire Category Military tactics Category Military terminology Category Infantry Mil stub ja ... more details
Juvenile Protective Association JPA is a private non profit agency devoted to protecting children from abuse and neglect by providing intervention and treatment services to families in Chicago . History Founded in Chicago in 1901 by Jane Addams and her colleagues, the Juvenile Court Committee JCC provided the first probation officers for the first Juvenile Court in the United States before this became a government function. ref Ford, Eileen. Private Initiative and Public Support The Chicago Juvenile Protective Association. The First 100 years of the Cook County Juvenile Court . Chicago Bar Association, 1999, 30. ref In 1907 the JCC merged with the Juvenile Protection League, an organization devoted to preventing juvenile delinquency, and renamed itself the Juvenile Protective Association. ref Juvenile Protective Association Papers, Folder 10, Juvenile Court Committee, University of Illinois at HCicago University Library, Department of Special Collections. ref From 1907 until the 1940s, JPA engaged in many studies examining such subjects as racism, child labor and exploitation, drug abuse and prostitution in Chicago and their effects on child development. Beginning in the 1940s under the leadership of Jessie Florence Binford Jessie F. Binford , JPA chose to concentrate on direct service and to help the most resistant clients with a strong outreach home visiting component. ref Ford, 35. ref When Lewis Penner became executive director of JPA in 1952, he reformed the organization by hiring social workers holding professional master s degrees and focusing more on research and casework over social reform. ref Anderson, Paul Gerard. The Good To Be Done A History of Juvenile Protective Association of Chicago, 1898 1976 . Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1988 , 447. ref In the 1960s ... Department of Children and Family Services Child Protective Services DCFS . Its research department ... and Publication. Juvenile Protective Association . 2006. Juvenile Protective Association. Sept ... more details
The Protestant Protective Association was an Anti Catholicism anti Catholic group in the 1890s based in Ontario , Canada , associated with the Orange Institution Orange Order . Originally a spinoff of the American group the American Protective Association , it became independent in 1892. The PPA denounced the role of Catholics and French Canadians in politics, and warned Protestants that Catholics were attempting to take over Ontario. It aimed to eliminate French language education in schools in Ontario and western Canada particularly Manitoba , and to roll back or block Catholic school systems in those provinces. The PPA ran several candidates in Ontario for the Canadian federal election, 1896 1896 federal election as a protest against the Conservative Party of Canada historical Conservative Party s conflicted position on the Manitoba Schools Question . The PPA failed to win any seats in the Canadian House of Commons , but was instrumental in defeating Conservative candidates in four of the five electoral district Canada ridings in which it nominated candidates. In Ontario general election, 1894 the 1894 provincial election the party succeeded in winning several seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , who worked closely with the opposition Ontario Progressive Conservative Party Ontario Conservative Party . References James Watt, Anti Catholic Nativism in Canada The Protestant Protective Association, Canadian Historical Review 48 1967 45 58 James T. Watt, Anti Catholicism in Ontario Politics The Role of the Protestant Protective Association in the 1894 Election, Ontario History, Nov 1967, Vol. 59 Issue 2, pp 57 67 See also American Protective Association Anti Catholicism See also List of Ontario general elections List of political parties in Canada Ontario provincial political parties Category Anti Catholic organizations Category Political parties established in 1894 Category Federal political parties in Canada Category Provincial political parties in Ontario ... more details
File US Navy 100925 N 3374C 032 Yeoman Seaman Michael Barnes, assigned to the administration department of the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush CV.jpg thumb A United States Navy sailor donning a MCU 2P gas mask during a chemical, biological, and radiological CBR drill aboard the USS George H.W. Bush CVN 77 . The MCU 2 P is a gas mask used by the United States Navy and United States Air Force , adopted in the 1990s. It replaced the earlier M17 gas mask & M17A2, and is itself scheduled to be replaced by the M50 Joint Service General Purpose Mask . The MCU 2 P features a single large lens and a side mounted filter. A clear or tinted visor and protective hood are used in conjunction with the mask. Like the United States Army Army and United States Marine Corps USMC M40 field protective mask M40 mask, the MCU 2 P s silicon rubber facepiece was found to be susceptible to corrosion from blister agents , rendering it of little value on the battlefield. citation needed date January 2011 A second skin can be worn over this to prevent corrosion. citation needed date October 2011 MCU 2A P This is a related version with some extra features, such as a front microphone plug. See also List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces External links Commons category MCU 2 P Protective Mask http www.dcfp.navy.mil cbrd ip mcu2ap.htm MCU 2A P Protective Mask https www.afcesa.af.mil userdocuments periodicals agrams 2003 Agram 2003 01.pdf PDF DEFAULTSORT Mcu 2 P Protective Mask Category Military equipment of the United States Category Gas masks US mil stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2012 In the United States, the Emergency Management Issues Special Interest Group EMI SIG state that Protective Action Criteria PACs are essential components for planning and response to uncontrolled releases of hazardous chemicals. These criteria, combined with estimates of exposure, provide the information necessary to evaluate chemical release events for the purpose of taking appropriate protective actions. During an emergency response, these criteria may be used to evaluate the severity of the event, to identify potential outcomes, and to decide what protective actions should be taken . ref name EMISIG cite web title Protective Action Criteria for Chemicals Including AEGLs, ERPGs, & TEELs url http orise.orau.gov emi scapa chem pacs teels default.htm work Emergency Preparedness publisher The Emergency Management Issues Special Interest Group EMI SIG accessdate 3 February 2012 ref PAC values are based on the following exposure limit values Acute Exposure Guideline Level AEGL values published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA Emergency Response Planning Guideline ERPG values produced by the American Industrial Hygiene Association AIHA Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit TEEL values developed by SCAPA AEGL, ERPG and TEEL benchmark values are not available for all chemicals as the clinical effects are still an active research area. Consequently, when defining PAC values the following procedure is followed. Use AEGLs including final or interim values if they are available. If AEGLs are not available, use ERPGs. If neither AEGLs or ERPGs are available, use TEELs. ref name EMISIG There are three levels of PAC value 1 to 3 where each successive value is associated with an increasingly severe effect from a higher level of exposure. Each level is defined as follows PAC 1 Mild, transient health effects. PAC 2 Irreversible or other serious health effects that could impair the ability to take protective action. PAC 3 Life threatening health e ... more details
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