reimprove date November 2011 In biology , a filament is a long chain of proteins , such as those found in hair , muscle , or in flagella . ref cite web title UCMP Glossary Cell biology url http www.ucmp.berkeley.edu glossary gloss4cell.html publisher ucmp.berkeley.edu accessdate November 2, 2011 ref They are often bundled together for strength and rigidity. Some Cell biology cellular examples include Actin filament s Microtubule s Intermediate filament s Filaments are also highly dynamic in nature and far from a static structure that acts as a stable scaffold for a cell. citation needed date November 2011 Some phenomena that profile a protein filaments dynamics are citation needed date November 2011 Treadmilling Nucleation References reflist Category Biology biology stub ca Filament proteic he simple Proteinfilament ... more details
wiktionary filament filamentous filaments Filament may refer to tocright In physics and electrical engineering An electrical filament in an incandescent light bulb, used to emit light, or in hot cathodes of fluorescent lamps and vacuum tubes as a source of electrons, or in vacuum tubes, to heat an electron emitting electrode Similarly, a thin heating element Current filamentFilament propagation , diffractionless propagation of a light beam In astronomy Galaxy filament , the largest known cosmic structures in the universe, thread like structures that form the boundaries between large voids in the universe Solar filament, equivalent to a solar prominence Birkeland current , a specific magnetic field aligned current in the Earth s magnetosphere In biology Myofilament Proteinfilament , a long chain of protein subunits, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella Part of a stamen , the male part of a flower A chain of cells connected end to end Hypha , a thread like cell in fungi and Actinobacteria Filamentation , an elongation of individual bacterial cells In print Filament magazine Filament magazine , a female oriented erotica magazine Other uses Fiber or yarn Staple wool , clusters or locks of wool fibers 2002 movie by Jinsei Tsuji Filament band , a musical group from Japan that consists of Otomo Yoshihide and Sachiko M Filament Games , a Madison, Wisconsin based educational video game developer Filament Productions , a Production Design & Touring Video company based in Charlottesville, Virginia See also Monofilament disambiguation disambig de Filament eo Filamento fr Filament io Filamento it Filamento nl Filament ja pl Filament simple Filament sk Filament sv Filament ... more details
and properties of a Ca 2 independent barbed end actin filament capping protein, CapZ, from human ...PBB geneid 829 F actin capping protein subunit alpha 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPZA1 gene . ref name pmid7665558 cite journal author Barron Casella EA, Torres MA, Scherer SW, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Casella JF title Sequence analysis and chromosomal localization of human Cap Z. Conserved residues within the actin binding domain may link Cap Z to gelsolin severin and profilin protein families journal J Biol Chem volume 270 issue 37 pages 21472 9 year 1995 month Oct pmid 7665558 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.270.37.21472 ref ref name pmid9119363 cite journal author Hart MC, Korshunova YO, Cooper JA title Mapping of the mouse actin capping protein alpha subunit genes and pseudogenes journal Genomics volume 39 issue 3 pages 264 70 year 1997 month Apr pmid 9119363 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1996.4506 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CAPZA1 capping protein actin filament muscle Z ... accessdate ref CAPZA1 is a member of the F actin capping protein alpha subunit family. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the barbed end actin binding protein. Function The protein regulates growth of the actin filament by capping the barbed end of growing actin filaments. ref name entrez References ... have conserved capping protein alpha isoforms with specific expression patterns. journal Cell Motil ... for target protein binding but not for dimerization. journal Cell Calcium volume 24 issue 2 pages 137 ... Taoka M, Ichimura T, Wakamiya Tsuruta A, et al. title V 1, a protein expressed transiently during murine cerebellar development, regulates actin polymerization via interaction with capping protein ... surface protein CD2 to the actin capping protein CAPZ via CMS and CIN85. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... interaction with actin capping protein. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 281 issue 47 pages 36347 ... P, Elisma F, et al. title Large scale mapping of human proteinprotein interactions by mass spectrometry ... more details
File Intermediate filament.svg thumb right 300px Structure of intermediate filament Infobox protein family Symbol IF tail Name Intermediate filament tail domain image PDB 1ifr EBI.jpg width caption structure ... MEROPS SCOP 1ivt TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Infobox protein family Symbol Filament Name Intermediate filamentprotein image PDB 1gk4 EBI.jpg width caption human vimentin coil 2b fragment cys2 ... OPM protein CAZy CDD Infobox protein family Symbol Filament head Name Intermediate filament head ..., Lane B title Intermediate filament proteins journal Protein Profile volume 2 issue 8 pages 795 952 ... and the nuclear envelope. Type VI Nestin protein Nestin ref Nestin, a Type VI Intermediate Filament ... content IPR001322 InterPro content IPR006821 DEFAULTSORT Intermediate Filament Category Protein ... SCOP 1gk7 TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Intermediate filaments IFs are a family of related protein s that share common structural and sequence features. Intermediate filaments have an average .... Each protein has a non alpha helical globular domain at the N and C termini, which surrounds the alpha helical rod domain. The basic building block for IFs is a parallel and in register protein ... GV, Shoeman R, Traub P title Sites of nucleic acid binding in type I IV intermediate filament subunit ... filament stability. ref name pmid12177195 cite journal author Takemura M, Gomi H, Colucci Guyon E, Itohara S title Protective role of phosphorylation in turnover of glial fibrillary acidic protein ... url ref The head has been shown to interact with the rod domain of the same protein . ref name pmid12064937 ... Types There are about 70 different genes coding for various intermediate filament proteins. However ... on similarities in amino acid sequence and protein structure. Types I and II Acidic and Basic Keratins ... filament. Type III There are four proteins classed as type III IF proteins, which may form homopolymer ... cells. glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein is found in astrocyte ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A polar filament is a structure found in the polar capsule of myxosporea n organisms, and is analogous to the penetrant structure found in cnidocyte s. The polar filament is coiled along the inner wall of the polar capsule, and is capable of rapid extrusion, during which it everts inside out . When everted, it is sticky, and probably serves to hold the spore on to the intestinal wall of the prospective host, and to help separate the valves of the spore. The polar filament is important in species classification. In some specied of Ceratomyxa , the polar filament forms a straight basal section, which the rest of the filament coils around, while in the genus Sphaeromyxa , the filament is folded in a zig zag arrangement, rather than being coiled. DEFAULTSORT Polar Filament Category Animal anatomy Category Myxozoa Microbiology stub Parasite stub ... more details
Filament is a musical group from Japan that consists of Otomo Yoshihide and Sachiko M , two of the major exponents of the electroacoustic improvisation ref http www.japanimprov.com yotomo interview01.html Otomo Yoshihide Interview 2001 Bot generated title ref style of music. The two played as a duo for the first time on November 5, 1995 ref name Filament Profile http www.japanimprov.com filament profile.html Filament Profile Bot generated title ref in London , but it was not until 1997 that they began to play often together and Filament became one of their main projects. At first their work together was branded as A 102, then they used both Filament and A 102, and occasionally simply duo, with no specific project name. Since their United States and France concert tour of May 1998, they have used the name Filament exclusively. ref name Filament Profile Discography 29092000 2001 Filament 2 Secret Recordings 1999 With G nter M ller Filament 1 1998 References Reflist External links http www.japanimprov.com yotomo interview01.html http www.erstwhilerecords.com articles 00 signal.html http www.japanimprov.com filament livenotese.html DEFAULTSORT Filament Category Japanese musical groups japan band stub ... more details
Infobox company name Filament Productions logo File lightbulb white.jpg caption type genre fate predecessor successor foundation 2005 founder Fenton Williams defunct location city Charlottesville, Virginia location country location locations area served key people industry products services Production Design & Touring Video revenue operating income net income aum assets equity owner num employees parent divisions subsid homepage http www.filamentprod.com FilamentProd.com footnotes intl Filament Productions is a Production Design & Touring Video company based in Charlottesville, Virginia since 2005, and founded by Fenton Williams , who was the first road manager for the Dave Matthews Band . During ... passion in designing sets and lighting at the DMB concerts. Filament Productions has grown alongside ... 2010 7 07. ref Today, Filament Productions is widely respected as one of the top Production Design ... , Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2010 07 09. ref Filament s list of clients now includes Tim McGraw ... In 2009, Filament Productions donated a convert 3000 sqft m2 adj on retail space on the historic ... trailer that played before every film. On June 22, 2010, Filament partnered with Nashville Rising, a benefit concert for Food Relief Victims in middle Tennessee headed by Faith Hill and Tim McGraw . Filament ... , Blake Shelton , Julie Roberts , and ZZ Top . Filament was also proud to partner with Restore The Gulf s Be The One campaign for which Filament donated a production team to film Dave Matthews ... ref For the 2010 Virginia Film Festival Filament Productions produced the official trailer for the Virginia Film Festival that played before every film. Also Filament produced the official commercial for the 2010 Virginia Film Festival . During the 2010 Dave Matthews Band Fall Tour, Filament s President ... of the DMB Crew. References Reflist External links http www.FilamentProd.com Filament Productions http www.Twitter.com FilamentProd Filament Productions Official Twitter Category Film production ... more details
In nonlinear optics , filament propagation is propagation of a beam of light through a medium without diffraction . This is possible because the Kerr effect causes an index of refraction change in the medium, resulting in self focusing of the beam. Filament propagation of laser pulses in the atmosphere was observed in 1994 by G rard Mourou and his team at University of Michigan . The balance between the self focusing refraction and self attenuating diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser beam of terawatt intensities, created by chirped pulse amplification , in the atmosphere creates filaments which act as waveguides for the beam thus preventing divergence. If a light filament drops below the intensity needed for this dynamic balance, called modulation instability, it can merge with another filament and continue propagating without broadening as with all earlier means of sending light. The filaments, having made a plasma, turn the narrowband laser pulse into a broadband pulse having a wholly new set of applications. Filament propagation in a semiconductor medium can also be observed in large aperture vertical cavity surface emitting laser s. External links http www.aip.org pt vol 54 iss 8 p17.html Experiments Detail How Powerful Ultrashort Laser Pulses Propagate through Air http www.nrl.navy.mil content.php?P 03REVIEW59 Filamentation and Propagation of Ultra Short, Intense Laser Pulses in Air optics stub Category Nonlinear optics ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Filament image file Filament5.jpg image size 224px image alt image caption June ... cite web title Changes to Filament s publishing schedule url http filamentmag.livejournal.com 41729.html author Suraya Sidhu Singh date 4 November 2010 work Filament magazine publisher LiveJournal accessdate ... Filament issn 2041 1472 circulation company publisher based Filament is a quarterly magazine aimed at women, showcasing erotic photographs of men. Filament professes, through its tagline ... featured solely muscular men, Filament features a wide variety of men. ref name OHC http www.independent.co.uk ... ... ref name OHC Filament attempts to replicate this in a magazine for women. The inspiration for the magazine ... women s magazines discuss women s appearance. Filament breaks this trend by covering a wide range of topics ... url http www.filamentmagazine.com Buy.aspx title Get Filament through your letter box in any country within days, discreetly packaged. accessdate 6 July 2010 ref . Topics Covered Filament is a magazine ... The Female Gaze, Filament Magazine website ref Reaction Reactions to Filament have been both positive ... The Wright Stuff were mainly negative ref http curiouslypersistent.wordpress.com 2009 06 07 filament ... 06 22 filament magazine 1 Exoskeleton Cabaret ref with not just your emaciated pretty boys, they cover quite a range of the male form ref http squidgemag.com 2009 06 filament magazine erotica for women ... notch ref http www.thefword.org.uk blog 2009 06 review filament magazine The F Word ref . Erection Campaign In August 2009 Filament magazine began a campaign to become the first UK women s magazine ... if it contained such images. Filament sought to sell 328 further copies of the first issue to finance changing printer, and succeeded ref http www.filamentmagazine.com fundraise.aspx Filament magazine ... industry, where explicit female nudity is widely accepted but publishers like Filament experience ... Filament Online Community Category British women s magazines Category Quarterly magazines pt Filament ... more details
Filament tape or strapping tape is a pressure sensitive tape used for several packaging functions such as closing corrugated fiberboard boxes, reinforcing packages, bundling items, pallet unitizing, etc. It consists of a pressure sensitive adhesive coated onto a backing material which is usually a polypropylene or polyester film and fiberglass filaments embedded to add high tensile strength. It was invented in 1946 by Cyrus W. Bemmels, a scientist working for Johnson and Johnson. A variety of grades of filament tape are available. Some have as much as 300 pounds of tensile strength per inch of width. Different types and grades of adhesive are also available. Most often, the tape is 12 mm approx. 1 2 inch to 24 mm approx. 1 inch wide, but it is also used in other widths. A variety of strengths, calipers, and adhesive formulations are available. Uses The tape is most often used as a closure for corrugated boxes such as a full overlap box, five panel folder, full telescope box. L shaped clips or strips are applied over the overlapping flap, extending 50 75 mm 2 3 inches onto the box panels. Heavy loads or weak box construction may also be aided by the application of strips or bands of filament tape to the box. Application The tape can be applied manually with a stationary dispenser but is more often applied with a hand held tape dispenser this allows the user to more efficiently place the tape on the box, cut it off, and rub it down. Automated machinery for application of tape to high speed lines is also common. Related products Some PSA tapes are available which have a highly oriented polypropylene backing with high strength in the long machine direction. Some of these have shaped filaments which help resist tearing across the tape. These tapes are sometimes used in a similar manner as filament reinforced tapes. Some filament tapes or strapping tapes are sometimes used similarly ..., , Filament Reinforced ASTM D1974 Standard Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing and Reinforcing ... more details
Filament winding is a Manufacturing fabrication technique for manufacturing composite material , usually in the form of cylindrical structures. The process involves winding filaments under varying amounts of tension over a male Molding process mould or mandrel . The mandrel rotates while a carriage moves horizontally, laying down fibers in the desired pattern. The most common filaments are Carbon fiber carbon or Fiberglass glass fiber and are coated with synthetic Resin Synthetic resins resin as they are wound. Once the mandrel is completely covered to the desired thickness, the mandrel is placed in an oven to solidify set the resin. Once the resin has cured, the mandrel is removed, leaving the hollow final product. Filament winding is well suited to automation, where the tension on the filaments can be carefully controlled. Filaments that are applied with high tension results in a final ... posts and yacht masts. Filament winding machines The simplest winding machines have two axes .... Computer controlled filament winding machines require the use of software to generate the winding patterns and machine paths, such software can normally be provided by filament winding machine ... filament winding software ref or Cadwind. Fiberglass laminating Filament winding can also be described ... and tanks. Pressure vessels, pipes and drive shafts have all been manufactured using filament winding ... be wound faster. Materials Glass fibre is the fibre most frequently used for filament winding, carbon ... of a filament wound structure will be smooth unless a secondary operation is performed on the outer ... Examples of manufacturers that make large varieties of custom filament winding Saudi Arabia ... PCT http www.pactinc.com custom composite structures filament wound products PCT ref PLP Comp ref name PLP Comp http www.plpcomp.com PLP Comp ref Examples of continuous filament winding machine filament ... mk Filament winding ... more details
03 11 ref List Galaxy filaments Filament subtype of filaments have roughly similar major and minor axes ... collapse cellpadding 2 Filaments of Galaxies style background efefef Filament style background efefef ... Notes Coma Filament The Coma Supercluster lies within the Coma Filament. ref Astronomy and Astrophysics ... The Coma A 1367 filament of galaxies 09 1984 bibcode 1984A&A...138...85F ref It forms part of the CfA2 ... OF GALAXIES IN THE COMA SUPERCLUSTER ref Perseus Pegasus Filament 1985 Connected to the Pisces Cetus Supercluster , with the Perseus Pisces Supercluster being a member of the filament. ref Astrophysical Journal , Part 1 ISSN 0004 637X , vol. 299, Dec. 1, 1985, p. 5 14. A possible 300 megaparsec filament ... Filament Connected to the CfA Homunculus , a portion of the filament forms a portion of the leg of the Homunculus. ref name ApJSv121i2 Lynx Ursa Major Filament LUM Filament 1999 from 2000 km s to 8000 ... 04 1999 bibcode 1999ApJS..121..445T ref z 2.38 filament around protocluster ClG J2143 4423 2004 z 2.38 110Mpc A filament the length of the Great Wall was discovered in 2004. As of 2008, it was still ... www.astro.uu.nl strous AA en boom filament.html filament Astronomy Answers Universe Family Tree Filament ... glossary.cgi?l en&o filaments Astronomy Answers From the Astronomical Dictionary filament Dr Louis Strous ... of Nearby Superclusters from the Atlas of the Universe Galaxy DEFAULTSORT Galaxy Filament Category Galaxy filaments Category Large scale structure of the cosmos ar ca Filament gal ctic de Filament Kosmologie es Filamento gal ctico eo Filamento da galaksioj fr Filament galactique hi it Filamento astronomia lb Filament Kosmologie ja no Galaksefilament pl W kno ... more details
Filament Games is a Madison, Wisconsin based educational video game developer founded in 2005 by partners Daniel White, Daniel Norton, and Alexander Stone. They are a design and production studio specializing in the creation of authentic gameplay mechanics that are also accurate representations of educational content. By actively embedding learning objectives within game activities, Filament s games help players transform their play experience into real world knowledge. Filament s design philosophy is closely based on the scholarship of Kurt Squire , Constance Steinkuehler , and James Paul Gee , who pioneered much of the research about the value of games as teaching tools. Filament is also a close affiliate of the annual Games, Learning & Society Conference Games Learning and Society Conference . The company received national recognition for their series of civics games launched by Sandra Day O Connor for iCivics , her civics education initiative. These games include Do I Have a Right? , Executive Command , and Liberty Belle s Immigration Nation . Filament has also developed games for the JASON Project at National Geographic, and is currently working with MIT MIT s Education Arcade to build an MMO to help high school students learn STEM subjects. In spring of 2011, Filament s game You Make Me Sick , in which the player acts as a virus and tries infect a host, won the developer prize in the The Joan Ganz Cooney Center STEM National Video Game Competition National STEM Award Video Game Challenge . Games border 1 cellpadding 5 scope col Game scope col Subject Matter http filamentgames.com projects sonar prison Prisoner of Echo Science physical http filamentgames.com projects cell command Cell Command Science life http filamentgames.com projects crazy plant shop Crazy Plant Shop Science life http filamentgames.com projects you make me sick You Make Me Sick Science life http filamentgames.com projects citizen science Citizen Science Science earth http filamentgames.com projects ... more details
merge to Muscle contraction date February 2011 Refimprove date November 2008 The sliding filament theory describes a process used by muscle s to muscle contraction contract . It was independently developed by Andrew F. Huxley and Rolf Niedergerke and by Hugh Huxley and Jean Hanson in 1954. ref cite journal author Huxley AF, Niedergerke R title Structural Changes in Muscle During Contraction Interference Microscopy of Living Muscle Fibres journal Nature volume 173 issue 4412 pages 971 973 year 1954 pmid 13165697 doi 10.1038 173971a0 ref ref cite journal author Huxley H, Hanson J title Changes in the cross striations of muscle during contraction and stretch and their structural interpretation journal ... the overlap of thick and thin filament fiber Myosin is a molecular motor that acts like an active ratchet ... myosin paddles along an actin filament repeatedly binding, ratcheting and letting go, sliding the thick filament over the thin filament. Calcium ions are released. This calcium bonds to troponin, allowing ... of numerous myosin heads all in the same direction , combine to move the actin filament relative to the myosin filament. This results in muscle contraction. All muscle cells are composed of a number ... muscle tissue is called the sarcomere . It consists of a central bidirectional thick filament flanked by two actin filaments, orientated in opposite directions. When each end of the myosin thick filament ratchets along the actin filament with which it overlaps, the two actin filaments are drawn closer ... uniform tension across the sarcomere and pull the thick filament into a central position. ref .... When the muscle does not need to contract is in a resting state , thin strands of a protein called ..., and muscles contract via the sliding filament mechanism. Nerve impulses affect the way in which calcium ... Slideshow of the sliding filament model http www.club150kg dc.fr Decouv Dc Contenu Biomeca ... filament model may be disrupted in McArdle s disease References Reflist Muscle tissue Category ... more details
Pfam box Symbol SpA Name Protein A image Protein A 1DEE 1L6X.png width caption Structure of a domain of protein A as a three helix bundle binding to the heavy variable chain of a VH3 human Fab ref name ... JB, Silverman GJ. title Crystal structure of a Staphylococcus aureus protein A domain complexed with the Fab ... month May pmid 10805799 doi pmc 25840 ref left. Minimized protein A bound to Fc fragment of Rituximab ... April pmid 10754313 doi ref Pfam InterPro SMART PROSITE SCOP 1DEE TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB2 1dee , PDB2 1l6x Protein A is a 56 Atomic mass unit kDa MSCRAMM surface protein originally found ... and phagocytosis . Protein A antibody binding Protein A binds with high affinity to human IgG1 and IgG2 as well as mouse IgG2a and IgG2b. Protein A binds with moderate affinity to human IgM ... or IgD , nor will it react to mouse IgM, IgA or IgE. The capacity of protein A to bind antibodies with such high .... The protein A used for production of antibodies in bio pharmaceuticals is most commonly bound to a stationary phase chromatography resin. Other antibody binding proteins In addition to Protein A, other immunoglobulin binding bacterial proteins such as Protein G , Protein A G and Protein L are all ... Staphylococcus aureus utilizes Protein A, along with a host of other proteins and surface factors to aid its survival and, thus, virulence. Protein A helps inhibit phagocytic engulfment and acts as an immunological disguise. Mutants of S. aureus lacking protein A are more efficiently phagocytosed ... toxin. J. Exp. Med. 2003 197 1125 1139. ref Research Recombinant Staphylococcal Protein ... form of Protein A is called MabSelect. ref http www.gelifesciences.com aptrix upp00919.nsf Content 17D93C2E6A580E57C1257628001CE677 file 18114994AE.pdf ref Protein A is often coupled to other molecules .... Protein A is often immobilized onto a solid support and used as reliable method for purifying total IgG from crude protein mixtures such as blood serum serum or ascites fluid, or coupled with one ... more details
PBB geneid 5627 Protein S is a vitamin K dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the endothelium. In the circulation, Protein S exists in two forms a free form and a complex form bound to complement system complement protein C4b binding protein C4BP . In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 ... B, Stenflo J, Wydro R title Isolation and sequence of the cDNA for human protein S, a regulator ... url ref In 1979, researchers in Seattle , Washington first discovered protein S and arbitrarily ... X Stuart factor , and protein S journal Biochemistry volume 16 issue 4 pages 698 706 year 1977 ... RG, Davie EW title Characterization of protein S, a gamma carboxyglutamic acid containing protein ... March pmid 420821 doi 10.1021 bi00572a026 ref Function The best characterized function of Protein S is its role in the anti coagulation pathway, where it functions as a cofactor to Protein C in the inactivation .... ref name pmid18695379 cite journal author Castoldi E, Hackeng TM title Regulation of coagulation by protein ... 18695379 doi 10.1097 MOH.0b013e328309ec97 url ref Protein S can bind to negatively charged phospholipids via the carboxylated Gla domain GLA domain . This property allows Protein S to function in the removal ... such as macrophages . Protein S can bind to the negatively charged phospholipids and function as a bridging molecule between the apoptotic cell and the phagocyte. The bridging property of Protein ... lead to Protein S deficiency which is a rare blood disorder which can lead to an increased risk of thrombosis ... R, Daly ME title The prevalence of, and molecular defects underlying, inherited protein S deficiency ... author Garc a de Frutos P, Fuentes Prior P, Hurtado B, Sala N title Molecular basis of protein S deficiency ... doi url ref Interactions Protein S has been shown to Proteinprotein interaction interact with Factor ... 621 635 of protein S are essential for binding to factor Va journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 issue ... Feb. title Binding of protein S to factor Va associated with inhibition of prothrombinase that is independent ... more details
About a class of molecules protein as a nutrient Protein nutrient other uses pp semi indef File Myoglobin.png thumb right A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing colored alpha helix alpha helices . This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X ray crystallography ... folded into a globular protein globular or fibrous protein fibrous form, facilitating a biological ... . The peptide sequence sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by the DNA sequence sequence ... archaea pyrrolysine . Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often ... to form stable protein complex es. Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharide ... acid s from food. Through the process of digestion , animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism. Proteins may be protein purification purified from ... made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein ... chains in a protein that ultimately determines its three dimensional structure and its chemical reactivity ... linked in the protein chain, an individual amino acid is called a residue, and the linked series of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are known as the main chain or protein backbone. ref Murray ... structures of the peptide bond that links individual amino acids to form a protein polymer The peptide ... angle s in the peptide bond determine the local shape assumed by the protein backbone. ref Murray et al ., p. 31. ref The end of the protein with a free carboxyl group is known as the C terminus .... The words protein , polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable tertiary structure ... structure conformation . Synthesis Main Protein biosynthesis Image Ribosome mRNA translation en.svg thumb A ribosome produces a protein using mRNA as template. File Genetic code.svg thumb The DNA ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The disappearing filament pyrometer is an optical pyrometer , in which comparison is made between two bright objects to determine temperature . More information is available from the suppliers http www.spectrodyne.com and http www.pyrometer.com . References http www.engnetglobal.com tips glossary.aspx?word Disappearing Filament Pyrometer Optical Pyrometer Engineering Dictionary engineering stub Category Measuring instruments ... more details
Image thin filament pyrometry image.jpg thumb right TFP image in diluted methane flame. Filament spacing is about 10 mm. Thin Filament Pyrometry TFP is an optical method used to measure temperatures. It involves the placement of a thin filament in a hot gas stream. Radiative emissions from the filament can be correlated with filament temperature. Filaments are typically Silicon carbide SiC fibers with a diameter of 15 micrometres. Temperatures of about 800 2500 K can be measured. History TFP was first used by V. Vilimpoc and L.P. Goss 1988 . A recent paper using TFP is Maun et al. 2007 . Technique The typical TFP apparatus consists of a flame or other hot gas stream, a filament, and a camera. Advantages TFP has several advantages, including the ability to simultaneously measure temperatures along a line and minimal intrusiveness. Most other forms of pyrometry are not capable of providing gas phase temperatures. Drawbacks Calibration is required. Calibration typically is performed with a thermocouple . Both thermocouples and filaments require corrections in estimating gas temperatures from probe temperatures. Also, filaments are fragile and typically break after about an hour in a flame. Applications The primary application is to combustion and fire research. See also ASTM Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation Thermometry References L.G. Blevins, M.W. Renfro, K.H. Lyle, N.M. Laurendeau, J.P. Gore, http dx.doi.org 10.1016 S0010 2180 99 00023 1 Experimental study of temperature and CH radical location in partially premixed CH sub 4 sub air coflow flames , Combustion and Flame 118 4 684 696 1999 . J.D. Maun, https drum.umd.edu dspace bitstream 1903 3602 1 umi umd 3450.pdf Thin Filament Pyrometry With a Digital Still Camera , M.S. Thesis, University of Maryland 2006 . J.D. Maun, Peter B. Sunderland , D.L. Urban, Applied Optics, 46 483 488 2007 . W.M. Pitts, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 26 1171 1179 1996 . V. Vilimpoc, L.P. Goss, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute ... more details
Infobox laboratory equipment name Hot filament ionization gauge image Bayard Alpert gauge.jpg alt See Wikipedia Alternative text for images caption Bayard Alpert hot thoriated iridium filament ionization gauge on 2.75 Inch in conflat flange acronym other names Hot cathode gauge br Bayard Alpert gauge uses Pressure measurement inventor manufacturer model related The hot filament ionization gauge , sometimes called a hot filament gauge or hot cathode gauge , is the most widely used low pressure vacuum measuring device for the region from 10 sup 3 sup to 10 sup 10 sup Torr unit torr . It is a triode , whereas the filament is the cathode . Note Principles are mostly the same for hot cathode ion sources in particle accelerator s to create electrons Function A regulated electron current typically 10 Ampere mA is emitted from a heated Electrical filamentfilament . The electrons are attracted to the helical grid by a dc potential of about 150 volts. In their passage from the filament to the control grid grid , the electrons collide with gas molecules in the gauge envelope, causing a fraction ... filament ionization gauge is composition dependent. Over a wide range of molecular density ... electrodes all acting as a triode , wherein the cathode is the filament. The three electrodes are a collector or plate, a hot cathode filament , and a control grid grid . The collector current is measured in pico amps by an electrometer . The filament voltage to ground is usually at a potential of 30 ... to atmospheric pressure or even low vacuum while hot. Electrons emitted from the filament move several ... by the electron current emitted from the filament, and these ions pour into the collector to form ... . In this case a valve lets gas into the grid cage. Types of hot filament ionization gauges Bayard Alpert ... References Reflist External links http www.duniway.com images pdf pg hot filament ion gauge tube.pdf Hot filament ionization gauge tubes http www.patentgenius.com patent 4792763.html U.S. Patent 4792763 ... more details
File CFW Machine .jpg thumb CFW Machine A continuous filament winding machine CFW Machine CW Machine is a machine for laying filament winding s continuously over a cylindrical steel band. The steel band is carried on a forward moving mandrel which is able to collapse and return to the beginning of the travel. The steel band is released after the mandrel collapses and is continuously fed back to the start of the travel where it is again wound on to the mandrel. This machine is mainly used to manufacture fibre reinforced plastic FRP pipes and couplings, especially glass reinforced plastic GRP pipes. They are used for the manufacture of large diameter pipes and there is a minimum diameter below which the technique becomes unrealistic. Machines are available for diameters from convert 0.25 to 4.0 m in abbr on . A raw material storage and mixing areas for resins, catalysts, etc. is needed to feed the machine. This will usually involve heating of the chemical mix. The process of Continuous filament winding is also known as the Drostholm Process. In addition to the continuous advancing band, many alternative methods of filament winding also exist. The raw material is fed on a continuous steel band. The steel band moves forward a distance equal to its width for each turn. The mandrel does not move forward and there is no collapsable mandrel in the process. History The principle of filament winding is derived from the wrapping of sheets or straps and it can be processed continuously by using computer controlled winding set up. Then the idea of confining concrete by impregnating into the continuous Fibreglass fibre strands was first mentioned by Fardis Khalili in 1981. The first winding machine for column retrofitting was developed by Japan in the mid 1980s. Manufacturers Examples of continuous filament winding machine producers TECHNOBELL LIMITED ref name TECHNOBELL http technobell.info TECHNOBELL ref VEM S.p.A. ref name VEM http www.vem.eu VEM ref References ... more details
Pfam box Symbol RPA C Name Replication protein A C terminal Pfam PF08784 InterPro IPR014892 PROSITE PDB PDB 1dpu Replication protein A RPA is a protein that binds single stranded DNA in eukaryotic cells. ref cite journal title Replication protein A heterotrimeric, single stranded DNA binding protein required for eukaryotic DNA metabolism last Wold first MS journal Annual Review of Biochemistry year 1997 volume 66 issue 1 pages 61 92 doi 10.1146 annurev.biochem.66.1.61 pmid 9242902 ref During DNA replication , RPA prevents single stranded DNA ssDNA from winding back on itself or from forming secondary structures. This keeps DNA unwound for the polymerase to replicate it. RPA also binds to ssDNA during the initial phase of homologous recombination , an important process in DNA repair and Meiosis Prophase I prophase I of meiosis . Like its role in DNA replication, this keeps ssDNA from binding to itself self complementizing so that the resulting nucleoprotein filament can then bound by RAD51 Rad51 and its cofactors. ref cite journal title Homologous recombination in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance last1 Xuan first1 L last2 Wolf Dietrich first2 H journal Cell Research year 2008 volume 18 issue 99 pages 99 113 doi 10.1038 cr.2008.1 pmid 18166982 ref A bacterial homolog is called single strand binding protein SSB . References reflist Category Genetics genetics stub DNA replication DNA repair es Prote na de replicaci n A fr Prot ine de R plication A ru sv RPA ... more details
PBB geneid 10763 Nestin is a type VI intermediate filament IF protein. ref cite journal author Gu rette D, Khan PA, Savard PE, Vincent M title Molecular evolution of type VI intermediate filament proteins journal BMC Evol. Biol. volume 7 pages 164 year 2007 pmid 17854500 doi 10.1186 1471 2148 7 164 pmc ... IV IF protein internexin to form heterodimer coiled coil molecules. ref name pmid10092680 cite journal author Steinert PM, Chou YH, Prahlad V, et al. title A high molecular weight intermediate filament associated protein in BHK 21 cells is nestin, a type VI intermediate filamentprotein. Limited ... zone . Nestin is an intermediate filamentprotein expressed in dividing cells during the early ... of the intermediate filamentprotein nestin involves phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase journal ... 20 2 20 2 665.htm issn ref These intermediate filament proteins are expressed mostly in nerve cells ... high. Based on this assumption, the human nestin gene encodes a protein with 1618 amino acid s, i.e. 187 amino acids shorter than the rat protein. ref name pmid1478958 cite journal author Dahlstrand ... specific intermediate filament proteins. During neuro and gliogenesis, nestin is replaced by cell type specific intermediate filaments, e.g. neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP . Interestingly, nestin expression is reinduced in the adult during ..., a protein marker for neural stem cells , is also expressed in follicle stem cells and their immediate ... of actively growing pluripotent adult stem cells. Green fluorescent protein GFP , whose expression is driven ...?article id ijo 30 3 593 issn ref Interactions Nestin protein has been shown to Proteinprotein interaction ... of the intermediate filament nestin in the muscularis propria of the human gastrointestinal tract ... Nestin Cytoskeletal Proteins The PBB Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please ... protein box yes update summary no update citations yes it Nestina ja ... more details
wiktionarypar proteinProtein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Protein may also refer to Protein nutrient Protein band See also List of topics related to protein disambig es Prote na desambiguaci n lv Prote ni noz mju atdal ana ... more details
Protein database may refer to Any protein structure database Any protein sequence database Exact names Protein NIH Protein database of the National Institute of Health Protein Database of Bio Synthesis, Inc. disambig ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
