Wikisource ProtocolI is a 1977 amendment Protocol diplomacy protocol to the Geneva Conventions relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts. It reaffirms the international laws of the original Geneva Conventions of 1949, but adds clarifications and new provisions to accommodate developments in modern international warfare that have taken place since the Second World War. As of 11 May 2011, it had been ratified by List of parties to the Geneva Conventions 170 countries , ref cite web url http www.icrc.org ihl.nsf WebSign?ReadForm&id 470&ps P title Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts ProtocolI , 8 June 1977 publisher International Committee of the Red Cross ref with the United States , Israel , Iran , Pakistan , and Turkey being notable exceptions. However, the United States, Iran, and Pakistan signed it on 12 December 1977 with the intention of ratifying it. According ... Cross ref Summary of Provisions ProtocolI is an extensive document, containing 102 articles. Following is a basic overview of the protocol. ref cite web url http www.supportgenevaconventions.info library ... title Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts ProtocolI , 8 June 1977 ... f6c8b9fee14a77fdc125641e0052b079 Full text of ProtocolI http www.icrc.org ihl.nsf WebSign?ReadForm&id 470&ps S List of countries that have signed but not yet ratified ProtocolI http www.icrc.org Web ... I es Protocolo I nl Eerste Aanvullend Protocol bij de Conventies van Gen ve ja ..., the protocol reaffirms the provisions of the original four Geneva Conventions . However, the following ... damage to the natural environment. Article 85 states that it is a war crime to use one of the Protocol ... on Protocols I & II Geneva Conventions Category Geneva Conventions Category Arms control treaties ... more details
Wiktionary Protocol may refer to TOCright Society Protocol, etiquette Protocol diplomacy , the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state Protocol politics , a formal agreement between nation states The Protocols of the Elders of Zion , an antisemitic tract Kyoto Protocol , a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ProtocolI , an amendment to the Geneva Conventions Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees , a United Nations convention on the status of refugees The arts Protocol band , British band Protocol film , a 1984 comedy film Protocol album , the d but album EP from Simon Phillips Science Protocol natural sciences , a predefined written procedural method of conducting experiments Clinical trial protocol , a document that plans a clinical trial Medical protocol disambiguation , various meanings, most prominently including guidelines for medical treatment Communications Communications protocol , a set of rules & regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telecommunications and computer networking Cryptographic protocol , a protocol for encrypting messages Proprietary protocol , a telecommunications protocol that is patented Quantum cryptography protocol , a protocol for encrypting messages Simple Mail Transfer Protocol , a set of rules for the design of an electronic mail system Computer related AAA protocol , a computer security protocolProtocol Buffers , a serialization format of computer software Protocol object oriented programming , a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other Routing protocol , a set of rules that determines how routers shall route communications URI scheme , often referred to as protocol See also Proto List of network protocols disambiguation ar bg ca Protocol cs Protokol da Protokol de Protokoll Begriffskl rung es Protocolo eo Protokolo fr Protocole gl Protocolo ja ko io Protokolo it Protocollo he lt Protokolas reik m s ... more details
The MESIF protocol is a cache coherency and memory coherence protocol developed by Intel for Non Uniform Memory Access Cache coherent NUMA .28ccNUMA.29 cache coherent non uniform memory architectures ref http www.realworldtech.com page.cfm?ArticleID RWT082807020032&p 5 ref . The protocol consists of five states, Modified M , Exclusive E , Shared S , Invalid I and Forward F . The M, E, S and I states are the same as in the MESI protocol . The F state is a specialized form of the S state, and indicates that a cache should act as a designated responder for any requests for the given line. The protocol ensures that, if any cache holds a line in the S state, at most one other cache holds it in the F state. In a system of caches employing the MESI protocol, a cache line request that is received by multiple caches holding a line in the S state will receive multiple responses. In a system of caches employing the MESIF protocol, a cache line request will be responded to only by the cache holding the line in the F state ref US Patent 6922756, http www.google.com patents about?id MzYVAAAAEBAJ&dq 6922756 ref . This methodology can be used to reduce the time until the original requestor of the cacheline will receive the data response for the cacheline, while allowing the use of as few multicast packets as the network topology will allow. For any given pair of caches, the permitted states of a given cache line are as follows class wikitable style text align center M E S I F M N N N Y N E N N N Y N S N N Y Y Y I Y Y Y Y Y F N N Y Y N See also MSI protocol MESI protocol MOSI protocol MOESI protocol References Reflist Categories Category Cache coherency ru MESIF ... more details
A lightweight protocol in computer networking is any of a number of communication protocol s that are characterized by a relatively small overhead caused e.g. by bulky metadata in transmitted on top of the functional data Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Lightweight Telephony Protocol Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol Lightweight Presentation Protocol Internet Content Adaptation Protocol Skinny Call Control Protocol OpenLDAP Category Network protocols ... more details
unreferenced date August 2009 In computing , the MSI protocol a basic Cache coherence cache coherence protocol operates in multiprocessor systems. As with other cache coherency protocols, the letters of the protocol name identify the possible states in which a cache line can be. So, for MSI, each block contained inside a cache can have one of three possible states M odified The block has been modified in the CPU cache cache . The data in the cache is then inconsistent with the backing store e.g. Main memory memory . A cache with a block in the M state has the responsibility to write the block to the backing store when it is evicted. S hared This block is unmodified and exists in at least one cache. The cache can evict the data without writing it to the backing store. I nvalid This block is invalid, and must be fetched from memory or another CPU cache cache if the block is to be stored in this cache. These coherency states are maintained through communication between the caches and the backing store. The caches have different responsibilities when blocks are read or written, or when they learn ... for a block in the M or S states, the cache supplies the data. If the block is not in the cache in the I ... write back the data to the backing store and go to the S or I states. Once any M line is written ... is in the I state, the cache must notify any other caches that might contain the block in the S or M ... Y Y I Y Y Y Usage This protocol was used in the Silicon Graphics SGI 4D machine. Fact date February 2007 Variants As of 2011 most modern systems use variants of the MSI protocol to reduce the amount of traffic in the coherency interconnect. The MESI protocol adds an Exclusive state to reduce the traffic caused by writes of blocks that only exist in one cache. The MOSI protocol adds an Owned ... protocol does both of these things. See also Coherence protocol MESI protocol MOSI protocol MOESI protocol Category Cache coherency de Modified Shared Invalid Protokoll fr Protocole MSI ko MSI ... more details
, that is in the shared S or invalid I states of the MESI protocol. The operation causes all other processors to set the state of such line to I. A read for ownership transaction is a read operation ...File Diagrama MESI.GIF 300px thumb right State Diagram MESI. File MESI protocol activity diagram.png 320px thumb right Activity diagram of MESI protocol. Main mem. could be replaced by L2 cache depending on the processor. The MESI protocol known also as Illinois protocol due to its development at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign is a widely used cache coherency and memory coherence protocol. It is the most common protocol which supports write back CPU cache cache . Its use in personal computers became widespread with the introduction of Intel s Intel P5 Pentium processor to support the more efficient write back cache in addition to the write through cache previously used by the Intel Intel 80486 486 processor . ref IA 32 Intel Architecture Software Developers Manual ref States Every cache line is marked with one of the four following states coded in two additional bit s Modified The cache line is present only in the current cache, and is dirty it has been modified from the value in main memory . The cache is required to write the data back to main memory at some time in the future, before permitting any other read of the no longer valid main memory state. The write back changes the line to the Exclusive state. Exclusive The cache line is present only in the current cache, but is clean it matches main memory. It may be changed to the Shared state at any time, in response ... protocol MSI protocol , the basic protocol from which the MESI protocol is derived. Write once cache coherency , an early form of the MESI protocol. MOSI protocol MOESI protocol MESIF protocol MERSI protocol .... 348 354, June 1984. This is where Illinois Cache Protocol was first published . External links https ... Mesi Protocol Category Cache coherency de MESI es Protocolo MESI fr Protocole MESI ja MESI pl MESI ... more details
The Sigma Protocol is the name of a novel. Sigma Protocol may also refer to Proof of knowledge Sigma protocols Sigma protocols , a type of cryptographic protocol. disambig ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Protocol Type ep Artist Simon Phillips Cover Protocol Simon Phillips album .jpg Released 1988 Recorded The White House br 18 22 April 1988 Genre Jazz Fusion Length 27 08 Label Music for Nations Producer Simon Phillips Reviews allmusic Rating 2.5 5 Allmusic class album id r46625 pure url yes link This album Protocol br 1988 Next album Force Majeure br 1992 Protocol is the d but album Extended play EP from drummer percussionist Simon Phillips . It was released in 1988 on the Music for Nations label, a company which had, at one time, bands such as Metallica and Nuclear Assault . Of the release, Phillips calls it a record of experimental observations and goes on to say It was a good feeling to have finally released my first solo CD, and although not what I had originally planned, it was a start to my solo career. Allmusic s Robert Taylor gave the disc two and a half stars, saying that, although Phillips played all the instruments himself, he is not competent enough on the guitar or keyboards to provide anything beyond atmosphere for his drum playing. Track listing All titles written by Simon Phillips Streetwise 3 37 Red Rocks 4 35 Protocol 4 34 Slofunk 5 02 V8 5 09 Wall St. 3 59 Personnel Simon Phillips Drums, percussion, keyboards, sequencing. Production Arranged and produced By Simon Phillips Recorded, engineered and mixed By Steve Parker Mastered by Tim Young External links Allmusic class album id r46625 label Protocol http www.simon phillips.com cms index.php?option com content&view article&id 36&Itemid 14 Simon Phillips thoughts on the album Category Simon Phillips albums Category 1988 EPs Category Debut EPs ... more details
Infobox video game title image File Alpha Protocol cover.jpg 256px caption North American cover developer ... ref http www.giantbomb.com alpha protocol 61 20984 releases ref AU May 28, 2010 PC EU May 28, 2010 ref name Sega Announcement cite web url http blogs.sega.com usa 2010 05 04 alpha protocol has gone gold title Alpha Protocol Has Gone Gold date May 4, 2010 work SEGA America Blog publisher Sega Corporation ... 3 br Xbox 360 Alpha Protocol is an Action role playing game action role playing stealth game ... Another Alpha Protocol Game title Obsidian would like to make another Alpha Protocol Game accessdate ... Alpha Protocol is played from a third person perspective, allowing the player to see Thorton and his ... title Alpha Protocol First Look Preview url http www.videogamer.com xbox360 alpha protocol preview ... 2 cite web url http www.gamesradar.com pc alpha protocol preview alpha protocol first look a 20080422121024489075 g 20080313162151178085 p 2 title Alpha Protocol first look last Porter first Will date ... Protocol is the Dialogue System. This screen shows a typical dialogue sequence players use to decide their progress. Alpha Protocol features numerous characters with whom to interact. Conversations occur ... Protocol Interview last Butts first Steve work IGN publisher IGN IGN Entertainment date October 31 ... 1&cId 3171714&p 37 title Alpha Protocol Preview last Nguyen first Thierry work 1up publisher Hearst ... usa 2008 09 04 alpha protocol round table discussion part 1 title Alpha Protocol Round Table Discussion ... during any given playthrough. Structure Alpha Protocol has a hub structure, in which Thorton must ... ref name GamesRadar Preview 1 cite web url http www.gamesradar.com pc alpha protocol preview alpha protocol first look a 20080422121024489075 g 20080313162151178085 title Alpha Protocol first look ... pc rpg alphaprotocol review.html Alpha Protocol Review gamespot ref Character romance In a similar fashion ... http wolfsgamingblog.com 2010 06 08 alpha protocol review ref or use tranquilizer rounds to avoid fatalities ... more details
Refimprove date October 2010 The Rimini Protocol also called Uppsala Protocol is a proposal made by the geologist Colin Campbell geologist Colin Campbell in 2003. It is intended to stabilise Petroleum oil prices and minimize the effects of Hubbert peak theory peak oil . To achieve this, producing countries would not produce oil in excess of their present national depletion rate i.e., roughly speaking, the oil burnt, expended or exported must equal the oil produced or imported. Furthermore, it would be required that importing nations stabilize their imports at existing levels. This would have the effect of keeping world prices in reasonable relationship to actual production costs and let Third World countries afford their oil imports. Campbell also stresses the need for outdated principles of economic growth to be surpassed. He states May 2004 the economic fundamentalists ... have these really outdated economic principles inherited from the Industrial Revolution, when the world was indeed large and the scope for Man s activities were at that time more or less infinite. ... these economic .... Campbell hypothesises I think even the Sauds would always develop the larger ones first. So the biggest ... but of a modest scale, and so I suppose the other discoveries they made have made are smaller by orders ... Protocol has even been found in retired politicians. Citation needed date November 2007 In regard thereto, Campbell proclaims And then ... you have the people I call the Renegades. These are senior .... And some of them do. Further reading http www.oildepletionprotocol.org The Oil Depletion Protocol, book by Richard Heinberg discussing the Protocol http www.globalpublicmedia.com transcripts 208 Interview ... oil depletion protocol.pdf Rimini Protocol with Introduction http www.peakoil.net uhdsg UppsalaProtocol.html Uppsala Protocol http www.theoildrum.com The Oil Drum site including information pertaining to oil depletion crises Peak oil DEFAULTSORT Rimini Protocol Category Economic theories Category ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 The MERSI protocol is a cache coherency and memory coherence protocol used by the PowerPC G4 ref Nicoletta et al. A 450 MHz RISC microprocessor with enhanced instruction set and copper interconnect. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits. Vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1478 1491. Nov. 1999. ref . The protocol consists of five states, Modified M , Exclusive E , Read Only or Recent R , Shared S and Invalid I . The M, E, S and I states are the same as in the MESI protocol . The R state is similar to the E state in that it is constrained to be the only clean, valid, copy of that data in the computer system. Unlike the E state, the processor is required to initially request ownership of the cache line in the R state before the processor may modify the cache line and transition to the M state. In both the MESI and MERSI protocols, the transition from the E to M is silent ref US Patent 6857051, http www.google.com patents about?id ZtsVAAAAEBAJ&dq 6857051 ref . For any given pair of caches, the permitted states of a given cache line are as follows class wikitable style text align center M E R S I M N N N N Y E N N N N Y R N N N N Y S N N N Y Y I Y Y Y Y Y References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Categories DEFAULTSORT Mersi Protocol Category Cache coherency ... more details
London Protocol is a name used to describe several different documents. 1814 main Eight Articles of London ... to William I of the Netherlands , then Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands. He accepted ... in a London Protocol. ref http www.mfa.gr NR rdonlyres E1DA0D5F 5493 4BF4 8FD3 D5CD6C6BB96C 0 1830 london protocol.doc London Protocol 1830 ref 1832 On August 30, 1832, a London Protocol was signed ... London Protocol affirmed the rights of Christians in the Ottoman Empire and the rights of Muslims in Greece 1852 On May 8, 1852, after the First War of Schleswig , another London Protocol was signed. The international treaty that became known as the London Protocol was the revision of an earlier protocol, which had been ratified on August 2, 1850, by the major Germanic powers of Austria and Prussia. The second, actual London Protocol was recognized by the five major European powers Austria ... of Denmark and Sweden . The Protocol affirmed the integrity of the Danish federation as a European ... and the lines of succession for the duchies and Denmark conflicted. That meant that, contrary to the Protocol ... German conflict and the Danish succession 1850 1852 from the London Protocol to the Treaty of London ... German Danish war of 1864 . Prussia and Austria declared Denmark in violation of the Protocol ... was ultimately delivered to Prussia in 1867. 1877 The London Protocol was signed on March 21, 1877 ... led to the British withdrawal from the Protocol and threatened military intervention, quieted only by the Congress of Berlin . 1944 In the London Protocol signed on September 12, 1944, the Allies ... by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, also known as the London Convention Protocol ref http www.imo.org home.asp?topic id 1488 IMO website ref 2000 The London Protocol is also an alternative ... ref 2004 The London Protocol is the revised and updated version of the original Protocol for the Investigation ... et al, BMJ 2000 Vincent, NEJM 2003 . The protocol outlined a process of incident investigation and analysis ... more details
The Wiley Protocol is a controversial form of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy BHRT devised and advocated by T. S. Wiley . The protocol claims to relieve the Menopause Symptoms symptoms of menopause but is also promoted as increasing overall health through the recreation of a pre menopausal woman s monthly hormonal cycle using rhythmic doses of hormones standardized to a uniform purity. Wiley claims the protocol is a step beyond the symptomatic treatment of conventional Hormone replacement therapy menopause hormone replacement therapy . The protocol has been criticized by members of the medical community for the dosages of the hormones used, side effects of the treatment, potential physiologic effects, Wiley s lack of medical or Clinical research clinical qualifications to design the protocol ... of interest regarding financial incentives. Specific dosing The Wiley Protocol uses Bioidentical hormone ... 19 publisher United States Senate Special Committee on Aging accessdate 2007 12 20 ref The protocol ... oral administration ref name patent The protocol also includes a follow up program to monitor the Blood ..., the most important aspect of the protocol is the specific schedule and levels of the hormone doses ... now episodes 2969 interview ts title Interview with T.S. Wiley ref A patent was granted for the protocol ... experienced significant side effects while following the protocol and have stopped using it, and that the dosages ... Protocol an analysis of ethical issues journal Menopause volume 15 issue 5 pages 1014 1022 year ... criticized by some physicians for their advocacy of the Wiley Protocol. A group of seven doctors ... that the protocol is scientifically unproven and dangerous and cite Wiley s lack of medical and clinical ... author Ellin, Abby date October 15, 2006 accessdate 2007 12 01 ref The Wiley Protocol has been criticized as unethical due to the start of a Phase II clinical trial with no Phase I, a lack of approval ... Wiley Watch , a website critical of the Wiley Protocol Category Endocrine procedures Category ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An authentication protocol is a type of cryptographic protocol with the purpose of authentication authenticating entities wishing to communicate securely. There are many different authentication protocols such as AKA security AKA CAVE based authentication Challenge handshake authentication protocol CHAP CRAM MD5 Diameter protocol Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Host Identity Protocol HIP Kerberos protocol Kerberos MS CHAP and MS CHAPv2 variants of CHAP LAN Manager NTLM , also known as NT LAN Manager Password authenticated key agreement protocols Password Authentication Protocol PAP Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol PEAP RADIUS Secure Remote Password protocol SRP TACACS and TACACS RFID Authentication Protocols Woo Lam 92 protocol DEFAULTSORT Authentication Protocol Category Computer access control protocols computer security stub Compu network stub ... more details
A signaling protocol is a type of Communications protocolprotocol used to identify signaling encapsulation networking encapsulation . Signalling telecommunications Signaling is used to identify the state of connection between telephones or VOIP terminals IP telephone or PCs or VoWLAN units . The following is a list of signaling protocols QSIG Session Initiation Protocol H.323 H.225.0 H.248 Media Gateway Control Protocol Megaco Signaling System No. 5 Signaling System No. 7 Dual tone multi frequency signaling Multi frequency R1 R2 signalling NBAP NBAP Node B Application Part Skinny Call Control Protocol SCCP Skinny Call Control Protocol , or Skinny for short Jingle protocol Jingle Q.931 DEFAULTSORT Signaling Protocol Category Network protocols Category Telephony signals de Signalisierungsprotokoll mk ru ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 Bonding protocol is a generic name for a method of bonding or aggregation of multiple physical links to form a single logical link. Major categories Asynchronous bonding protocol Synchronous bonding protocol See also Inverse multiplexer Link aggregation DEFAULTSORT Bonding Protocol Category Bonding protocols Telecomm stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 A free protocol is a Protocol computing protocol whose full specification is freely available and for which there are no restrictions e.g. legal or technical on its use. Users may design and use variations that suit their needs, and contribute enhancements for potential incorporation into the next official version of the protocol. A free software reference implementation must be available. Free protocol are important for interoperability and choice of software. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol XMPP is a free protocol. See also Portal Free software open standard free file format DEFAULTSORT Free Protocol Category Open methodologies Protocol Category Data transmission Category Network protocols Software type stub ... more details
Since communications protocol digital communications protocols are controlled by software , protocol versioning generally follows software versioning standards. Category Network protocols computer stub ... more details
&lng en Protocol Update I PDF http se2.isn.ch serviceengine FileContent?serviceID 23&fileid A8ED190C A9DE 83C3 00F7 A09E35B6D01B&lng en Protocol Update II PDF http se2.isn.ch serviceengine FileContent?serviceID 23&fileid 78B126B9 96AC 7A7E D50A C26405C745D8&lng en Protocol Update III PDF Category History ...The Lusaka Protocol , signed in Lusaka , Zambia on October 31, 1994, attempted to end the Angolan Civil War by integrating and disarming UNITA and national reconciliation. Both sides signed a ceasefire as part of the protocol on November 20. ref name hrw Vines, Alex. Angola Unravels The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process , 1999. Human Rights Watch. ref Negotiation By late 1993 UNITA had gained control over 70 of Angola, but the government s military successes in 1994 forced UNITA to sue for peace ... support for the protocol. Mugabe and Mandela both said they would be willing to meet with Savimbi ... of Portugal , the United States , and Russia observing, to oversee its implementation. Violations of the protocol s provisions would be discussed and reviewed by the commission. ref name hrw The protocol ... in international relations balance of power , led to the protocol s collapse and the civil war. ref name hrw The Bicesse Accords largely punished the weaker signatory while the Lusaka Protocol guaranteed ... of the protocol. The UN largely did not enforce the provision prohibiting UNITA from buying foreign ... would only be achieved when the government defeated UNITA militarily, calling the protocol a mistake ... them from investigating. Following the protocol the government and UNITA both engaged in the indiscriminate ... the protocol, no country informed the U.N. Register on Conventional Weapons as required. ref name ... government until January 1996 in violation of the protocol s repatriation provision. ref ... 9, 1998 to implement the protocol, but fighting resumed and the peace process ended. ref name hrw ... FileContent?serviceID 23&fileid ECD34D83 25BC A732 1AE9 C068A03A4888&lng en Protocol Text PDF ... more details
IPstack The Echo Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in RFC 862. It was originally proposed for testing and measurement of round trip times Citation needed date November 2009 in IP networks. A host may connect to a server that supports the Echo Protocol using the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP on the List of well known ports computing well known port number 7. The server sends back an identical copy of the data it received. The functionality of the Echo Protocol was superseded by the echo request of the Internet Control Message Protocol and the corresponding ping utility. Inetd implementation On UNIX like operating systems an echo server is built into the inetd daemon computer software daemon . The echo service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and telling inetd to reload its configuration echo stream tcp nowait root internal echo dgram udp wait root internal See also Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol Time Protocol External links RFC 347 Echo Process RFC 862 Echo Protocol Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols cs ECHO protocol da Echo protokol de Echo Netzwerkdienst ... more details
Under the Protocol, 37 countries United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Annex I ... Protocol are Citation needed date May 2009 Commitments for the Annex I Parties. The main feature of the Protocol ... Layer . Under the Protocol, only the Annex I Parties have committed themselves to national or joint ..., ref name 2005 unfccc non annex i summary Rp 4 and participate in the Kyoto Protocol through the Clean ... I Parties varies between different Parties. ref name 2011 unfccc kyoto protocol targets citation year ... I Parties when the Protocol was adopted. ref name 2011 unfccc kyoto protocol targets Kazakhstan .... ref name 2011 unfccc kyoto protocol targets hidden begin title Annex I countries under the Kyoto Protocol, their 2008 2012 commitments of base year and 1990 emission levels of all Annex I countries ...Infobox Treaty name Kyoto Protocol long name Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change image Kyoto Protocol participation map 2010.png image width 350 caption Kyoto Protocol ... br Annex I & II countries ... Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC title Kyoto Protocol url http unfccc.int kyoto protocol ... the Protocol. ref name Canada withdrawal Washington Post http www.washingtonpost.com business canada formally pulls out kyoto protocol on climate change 2011 12 12 gIQAWE1NqO story.html Canada Formally Pulls Out of Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change Retrieved 12 December 2011. ref br Grey no position ..., incorporating States included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I date expiration signatories 83 ratifiers List of Kyoto Protocol signatories 191 depositor Secretary General of the United ... Kyoto Protocol Use dmy dates date October 2011 File Kyoto Parties with first period 2008 2012 greenhouse ..., see Kyoto Protocol and government action . Image Overview map of states committed to greenhouse gas ... more details
IPstack The Time Protocol is a network protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in 1983 in RFC 868. Its purpose is to provide a site independent, machine readable date and time. The Time Protocol may be implemented over the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP . A host connects to a server that supports the Time Protocol on port 37. The server then sends the time as a 32 bit unsigned integer in binary format and in network byte order , representing the number of seconds since 00 00 midnight 1 January, 1900 GMT, and closes the connection. Operation over UDP requires the sending of any datagram to the server port, as there is no connection setup for UDP. The fixed 32 bit data format means that the timestamp rolls over approximately every 136 years, with the first such occurrence on 7 February 2036. Programs that use the Time Protocol must be carefully designed to use context dependent information to distinguish these dates from those in 1900. Many Unix like operating systems used the Time Protocol to monitor and or synchronize their clocks using the rdate utility, but this functionality was superseded by the Network Time Protocol NTP and the corresponding ntpdate utility, which report times with sub second accuracy and accounts for clock drift automatically. Inetd implementation On most UNIX like operating systems a Time Protocol server is built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and reloading the configuration. time stream tcp nowait root internal time dgram udp wait root internal See also Echo Protocol Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol rdate , a tool for querying ... Time Protocol http freestone group.com fg time sync.htm freestone group.com FG Time Sync Category ... Time Protocol simple TIME protocol zh ... more details
Protocol overhead refers to metadata and network routing information sent by an computer application application , which uses a portion of the available Bandwidth computing bandwidth of a communications protocol . This extra data, making up the protocol headers and application specific information is referred to as overhead, since it does not contribute to the content of the message. Protocol overhead can be expressed as a percentage of non application byte s protocol and frame synchronization divided by the total number of bytes in the message. References http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms997599.aspx Common Performance Issues in Network Applications Part 1 Interactive Applications , Windows XP Technical Articles, Microsoft http www.sonic.net support docs ip atm.overhead.pdf Protocol Overhead in IP ATM Networks , Minnesota Supercomputer Center DEFAULTSORT Protocol Overhead Category Computer networking Compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The MOSI protocol is an extension of the basic MSI protocol MSI cache coherency Protocol computing protocol . It adds the O wned state, which indicates that the current processor owns this block, and will service requests from other processors for the block. For any given pair of caches, the permitted states of a given cache line are as follows class wikitable style text align center M O S I M N N N Y O N N Y Y S N Y Y Y I Y Y Y Y See also Coherence protocol MSI protocol MESI protocol MOESI protocol DEFAULTSORT Mosi Protocol Category Cache coherency Compu stub ... more details
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer long name image image width caption type date drafted ... Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection ... Protocol . ref http www.theozonehole.com montreal.htm The Ozone Hole The Montreal Protocol ... Handbook Section 1.1 The Montreal Protocol . ref is structured around several groups of halogenated ... of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A do not exceed 150 percent of its calculated ... of consumption and production of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A does not exceed, annually ... its calculated level of consumption and production of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex ... HCFCs Phase out Management Plan HPMP Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, especially Executive Committee ExCom 53 37 and ExCom 54 39, Parties to this Protocol ... systems used in submarines and aircraft but not in general industry . The substances in Group I ... 114 C sub 2 sub F sub 5 sub Cl CFC 115 The provisions of the Protocol include the requirement that the Parties to the Protocol base their future decisions on the current scientific, environmental, technical ... for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol is to assist developing country parties to the Montreal Protocol whose annual per capita consumption and production of ozone depleting substances ODS is less than 0.3 kg to comply with the control measures of the Protocol. Currently, 147 of the 196 Parties to the Montreal Protocol meet these criteria they are referred to as Article 5 countries ... of the Montreal Protocol url http www.multilateralfund.org InformationandMedia publications default.aspx ... the original Montreal Protocol ref http europa.eu rapid pressReleasesAction.do?reference IP 09 1328 ... the Montreal Protocol, as well as explicit, separate authority for the United States Environmental .... Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher signed the protocol in 1987. Letter from Ronald Reagan to the U.S. ... more details
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