File Menthol Proton Spectrum.jpg thumb 431px Example sup 1 sup H NMR spectrum 1 dimensional of a mixture ... the Chemical structure structure shown at upper left. ProtonNMR also Hydrogen 1 NMR , or sup 1 sup H NMR is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance in NMR spectroscopy with respect to hydrogen ... between the lock solvent and 0 ppm TMS are well known. ProtonNMR spectra of most organic ... peak at 7.2 ppm due to the diamagnetic ring current . Together with Carbon 13 NMR , protonNMR is a powerful ... can be seen shouldering the main sup 1 sup H NMR peaks. These peaks are not the result of proton ... Introduction to protonNMR http riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp sdbs cgi bin cre index.cgi?lang eng Spectral Database for Organic Compounds http www.chem.wisc.edu areas reich handouts nmr h hdata.htm Proton Chemical Shifts http nmr.chinanmr.cn guide eNMR 1dcont.html 1D ProtonNMR 1D NMR experiment NMR by isotope DEFAULTSORT ProtonNmr Category Nuclear magnetic resonance Category Spectroscopy da H NMR nl ProtonNMR ru ... all of the hydrogen consists of the isotope sup 1 sup H hydrogen 1 i.e. having a proton for a nucleus . A full sup 1 sup H atom is called Hydrogen 1 protium . Simple NMR spectra are recorded in solution ... 2 sup H, often symbolized as D solvents especially for use in NMR are preferred, e.g. heavy water deuterated ... the chemical shift s of each analyte proton. TMS is a tetrahedral molecular geometry tetrahedral .... Modern spectrometers are able to reference spectra based on the residual proton in the solvent e.g. ... lock or field lock to offset the effect of the natural drift of the NMR s magnetic field math B 0 math . In order to provide deuterium lock, the NMR constantly monitors the deuterium signal resonance ... N. Kahwaty Carl R. Kahwaty title NMR field frequency lock system ref Additionally, the deuterium ... between protons. The Integral integration curve for each proton reflects the abundance of the individual ... more details
atom produces a triton. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance NMR Also in chemistry, the term proton ...Other uses about the proton as a subatomic particle the aqueous form of the hydrogen ion often encountered in biochemistry Hydronium Infobox Particle bgcolour classification Baryon name Proton image Image Quark structure proton.svg 250px caption The quark structure of the proton. The color assignment ... symbol SubatomicParticle Proton , SubatomicParticle Proton , SubatomicParticle Nucleon mass val ... 9 doi 10.1063 1.2808195 bibcode 1995PhT....48j...9S ref The proton is a subatomic particle subatomic particle with the symbol SubatomicParticle Proton or SubatomicParticle Proton and a positive electric ... model of particle physics, the proton is a hadron , composed of quark s. Prior to that model becoming a consensus in the physics community, the proton was considered a fundamental particle . A proton ... to contribute only about 1 of the proton s mass. The remainder of the proton mass is due to the kinetic energy of the quarks and to the energy of the gluon fields that bind them together. Because the proton ... well defined since the surface of a proton is defined by forces that do not come to an abrupt end, and is therefore somewhat fuzzy. The proton is about 1.6 1.7 Femtometre fm in diameter. ref name Cottingham ... page 19 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn ref The free proton a proton not bound to nucleons ... distances. Free protons are proton emission emitted directly from atomic nucleus atomic ..., in such an association, the character of the bound proton is not changed, and it remains a proton ... or molecule with which they come in contact, causing the proton and molecule to combine. Such molecules ... acid s. In vacuum, when free electrons are present, a sufficiently slow proton may pick up a single ... up quark s and one down quark of the proton are held together by the strong interaction strong force , mediated by gluon s. ref name Cottingham A modern perspective has the proton composed of the valence ... more details
Deuterium NMR is NMR spectroscopy of deuterium sup 2 sup D , an isotope of hydrogen . Deuterium is an isotope with spin physics spin 1, unlike hydrogen which is spin 1 2. Deuterium NMR has a range of chemical shift similar to protonNMR but with poor resolution. It may be used to verify the effectiveness of deuteration a deuterated compound will show a peak in deuterium NMR but not protonNMR. ref http chem.ch.huji.ac.il nmr techniques 1d row1 h.html ref Deuterium NMR spectra are especially informative in the solid state because of its relatively small quadrupole moment in comparison with those of bigger quadrupolar nuclei such as chlorine 35, for example. Citation needed date January 2010 One example is the use of deuterium NMR to study lipid membrane phase behavior. References Reflist http www.pascal man.com periodic table deuterium.shtml Articles about solid state deuterium NMR http chem.ch.huji.ac.il nmr techniques 1d row1 h.html Comparison of 1H, 2H and 3H solution state NMRNMR by isotope Category Nuclear magnetic resonance ... more details
Distinguish Proton notability date September 2011 primary sources date September 2011 The PROTON Ontology PROTo ONtology is a basic upper level ontology that contains about 300 classes and 100 properties, providing coverage of the general concepts necessary for a wide range of tasks, including semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval of documents. ref Cite journal first Ivan last Terziev author authorlink coauthors Atanas Kiryakov, Dimitar Manov title D1.8.1 Base upper level ontology PROTON Guidance version publisher date Dec 7, 2005 url http proton.semanticweb.org D1 8 1.pdf accessdate 2010 09 29 ref Its design principles can be summarized as domain independence light weight logical definitions alignment with popular standards, and good coverage of named entities and concrete domains i.e., people, organizations, locations, numbers, dates, addresses . It was originally developed under the auspices of the SEKT project, and first released in 2005. It is presently maintained by Ontotext . See also Cyc UMBEL Upper ontology 28information science 29 Upper Ontologies Notes Reflist External links Semantic Web Category Knowledge representation Category Ontology information science Category Semantic Web ... more details
NMR may refer to Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ProtonNMR Carbon 13 NMR Magnetic Resonance Imaging , the renamed version for machines using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Other Science and Technology Nictitating Membrane Reflex , a conditionable reflex of the third membrane of the eye, present in certain species Network Measurement Report , the message that is sent by a mobile phone e.g. GSM to the network containing the signal strengths of the surrounding antennas Normalized Message Router Not My Rip , an MP3 music download recording not ripped by the person putting it on line The Normalized Message Router , is the component which routes normalized messages from a source component to its eventual destination using some kind of routing policy to decide which endpoint to use. Nine Mile Run , a stream in New Jersey History and Culture Studies Net migration rate , a measure of migration National Monuments Record disambiguation Nilgiri Mountain Railway , a historic mountain railway linking Mettupalayam to Udagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, south India Logic Non monotonic logic Non monotonic reasoning Media and Banking N M Rothschild , an investment bank Nielsen Media Research , the company which produces the Nielsen Ratings for American television a pseudonym for Japanese artist Naoki Maeda disambig bg de NMR fr NMR it NMR nl NMR sl NMR sv NMR ... more details
reduce sensitivity, carbon NMR spectra are protonNMR decoupling decoupled to remove the signal .... Hence in contrast to typical protonNMR spectra which show multiplets for each proton position, carbon NMR spectra show a single peak for each chemically non equivalent carbon atom. In further contrast to sup 1 sup H NMR, the intensities of the signals are not normally proportional to the number of equivalent ...Carbon 13 NMR sup 13 sup C NMR or sometimes simply referred to as carbon NMR is the application of NMR spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy to carbon . It is analogous to protonNMR SimpleNuclide link Hydrogen 1 NMR and allows the identification of carbon atom s in an organic molecule just as protonNMR identifies hydrogen atoms. As such sup 13 sup C NMR is an important tool in chemical structure elucidation in organic chemistry . sup 13 sup C NMR detects only the SimpleNuclide ..., SimpleNuclide link Carbon 12 , is not detectable by NMR since it has zero net Spin physics spin . Implementation sup 13 sup C NMR has a number of complications that are not encountered in protonNMR. sup 13 sup C NMR is much less sensitive to carbon than sup 1 sup H NMR is to hydrogen since the major ... and so is not magnetically active and therefore not detectable by NMR. Only the much less common sup ... number of 1 2 like sup 1 sup H and therefore detectable by NMR. Therefore, only the few sup 13 ... sufficient time for the nuclei to Relaxation NMR relax between repeat scans. High field magnets with internal ... 13 sup C NMR versus 5 mm for sup 1 sup H NMR , the use of relaxation reagents, ref Cite journal ... link title Precise and accurate quantitative 13C NMR with reduced experimental time journal Talanta ... needed to acquire quantitative spectra and have made quantitative carbon 13 NMR a commonly used ... in sup 13 sup C NMR center DEPT spectra Image DEPT spectra.jpg thumb 300px right DEPT spectra of propyl ... simplicity in the spectrum since it is still broadband proton decoupled. Even though this technique ... more details
NMR database NMR nuclear magnetic resonance may refer to NMR spectra database , a collection of NMR spectra for a large number of compounds NMR database method , a strategy to identify the stereochemistry of certain chiral compounds dab ... more details
File 19F NMR yne 6AmF5 .svg thumb A sample 19F NMR of a simple organic compound. Integrations are shown under each peak. Fluorine 19 nuclear magnetic resonance is an analytical technique used to identify fluorine containing compounds. sup 19 sup F is one of the most important nuclei for NMR spectroscopy . ref H. Friebolin Basic One and Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy , Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2011. ISBN 978 3 527 32782 9 ref Operational details Fluorine 19 sup 19 sup F has a nuclear spin of 1 2 and a high magnetogyric ratio , which means that this isotope is highly responsive to NMR measurements. Furthermore, sup 19 sup F comprises 100 of naturally occurring fluorine. Other NMR active nuclei spin 1 2 that are monoisotopic or nearly so are sup 1 sup H and sup 31 sup P. Because of its favorable nuclear properties and high abundance, sup 19 sup F NMR measurements are very fast, comparable with 1H NMR sup 1 sup H NMR spectroscopy. Integrals are reliable due to the lack of a nuclear Overhauser effect fluorine forms one bond only . The reference compound for sup 19 sup F is Trichlorofluoromethane CFCl sub 3 sub . ref cite web publisher Hebrew University author Roy Hoffman year 2007 title sup 19 sup Fluorine NMR url http chem.ch.huji.ac.il nmr techniques 1d row2 f.html ref Applications Most commonly sup 19 sup F NMR spectroscopy is mainly used to analyze the structure of organofluorine compound s. Representative targets of this method are the many pharmaceuticals that contain C F bonds. The technique is also used to analyze fluoride salts. ref Gerken, M. Boatz, J. A. Kornath, A. Haiges, R. Schneider, S. Schroer, T. Christe, K. O. The 19F NMR shifts are not a measure for the nakedness of the fluoride anion Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 2002 , 116 1 , 49 58. doi 10.1016 S0022 1139 02 00101 X ref References references NMR by isotope Category Nuclear magnetic resonance Category Fluorine chem stub fr RMN du fluor 19 ... more details
Image NMR sample.JPG thumb right An NMR tube filled with a colorless sample, sealed with a green polyethylene cap and Parafilm An NMR tube is a thin glass walled tube used to contain samples in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy . Typically NMR tubes come in 5 mm diameters but 10 mm and 3 ... to ensure that NMR tube spins at a regular rate i.e., they do not wobble , usually about 20 Hz in the NMR spectrometer. Construction NMR tubes are typically made of borosilicate glass . They are available ... mm and 10 mm outer diameters are available as well. Where boron NMR is desired, quartz NMR tubes ... caps. Two common specifications for NMR tubes are concentricity and camber. Concentricity refers ... may cause poorer quality spectra by reducing the homogeneity of the sample. In particular, an NMR ... Image NMR tubes2.jpg thumb right Left to right Flame, septum and polyethylene cap sealed NMR ... Publishing Date 13 Jun 1989 Publisher WileyBlackwell Number of Pages 790 ref For sup 1 sup H NMR experiments ... be used in order to fill the tube by 4 5 cm depending on the spectrometer . Protein NMR is usually ... pipette , directly into the NMR tube. The NMR tube is then usually sealed with a polyethylene ... tubes A Shigemi tube is a microscale NMR tube used with an ordinary size NMR tube. Shigemi tubes may be appropriate for protein NMR experiments, where only a smaller sample is available. A corresponding ... is compensated for by solid glass on the NMR tube beneath the level of sample, which varies for the make ... resolution. ref cite web publisher Sigma Aldrich title Shigemi NMR Microtube Assemblies url http www.sigmaaldrich.com Area of Interest Equipment Supplies Books Glassware Catalog NMR products.html ... 8 mm bottom length outer tube suitable for Bruker and Varian NMR spectrometers, right 15 mm outer ... lying in between insert and bottom length gallery Cleaning Image Aqua regia in NMR tubes.jpg thumb right Aqua regia has been added to these NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material. Image ... more details
, spontaneous emission is negligibly slow at NMR frequencies. Hence truly isolated nuclear spins would ... 1 sub relaxation are generally strongly dependent on the NMR frequency and so vary considerably ... NMR Larmor precession precession frequency of different spins. As a result, the initial phase coherence ... in MRI magnetic resonance imaging and helps with the spatial decoding of the NMR signal ... approximation called the Relaxation NMR BPP theory BPP theory is widely used. Another relaxation ... s , while hydrogen hydrogen nuclei sup 1 sup H proton s at 1.5 teslas carry an Larmor frequency ... spectroscopy of nucleic acids Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins NMR spectroscopy Protein dynamics Relaxometry External links http www.cis.rit.edu htbooks nmr basics of NMR http chem.ch.huji.ac.il nmr techniques other t1t2 t1t2.html Relaxation in high resolution NMR spectroscopy http www.stelar.it Papers 2004 Kimmich Nmrd.pdf Field cycling NMR relaxometry http nmr relax.com relax Software for the analysis of NMR dynamics Category Nuclear magnetic resonance de Relaxation NMR ... more details
sup 59 sup Co is a nucleus of spin 7 2 and 100 abundancy. ref name review1 cite journal last1 Chan first1 J last2 Auyeung first2 S year 2000 chapter Cobalt 59 NMR spectroscopy editor1 last Webb editor1 first GA title Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy publisher Elsevier volume 41 pages 1 54 doi 10.1016 S0066 4103 00 41008 2 isbn 978 0 12 505341 9 ref The nucleus has a magnetic Nuclear quadrupole resonance quadrupole moment . Among all NMR active nuclei, sup 59 sup Co has the largest chemical shift range and the chemical shift can be correlated with the spectrochemical series . ref name review2 cite journal last1 Yamasaki first1 A year 1991 title Cobalt 59 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Coordination Chemistry journal Journal of Coordination Chemistry volume 24 issue 3 pages 211 doi 10.1080 00958979109407886 ref Resonances are observed over a range of 20000 ppm, the width of the signals being up to 20 kHz. A widely used standard is potassium hexacyanocobaltate 0.1M K sub 3 sub Co CN sub 6 sub in D sub 2 sub O , which, due to its high symmetry, has a rather small line width. Systems of low symmetry can yield broadened signals to an extend that renders the signals unobservable in fluid phase NMR, in these cases signals can still be observable in Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance solid state NMR . References reflist NMR by isotope DEFAULTSORT Cobalt 59 NMR Category Nuclear magnetic resonance Category Cobalt ... more details
information NMR in Biomedicine is indexed in the following services ref name onlinelibrary http ... journal 10.1002 ISSN 1099 1492 homepage ProductInformation.html DEFAULTSORT Nmr In Biomedicine ... fr NMR in Biomedicine ... more details
Image 1967 Proton magnetometer.jpg thumb Proton magnetometer from 1967. The proton magnetometer , also known as the Magnetometer Proton precession magnetometer proton precession magnetometer PPM , uses the principle of Earth s field nuclear magnetic resonance Earth s field NMR EFNMR to measure very small variations in the Earth s magnetic field , allowing ferrous objects on land and at sea to be detected. It is used in land based archaeology to map the positions of demolished walls and buildings, and at sea to locate wrecked ships, sometimes for recreational diving . PPM s were once widely used in mineral exploration. They have largely been superseded by Overhauser Effect Magnetometer Overhauser effect magnetometer magnetometers and alkali vapour cesium, helium, and potassum magnetometers, which sample faster and are more sensitive. The principle of operation is outlined in the Magnetometer Proton precession magnetometer magnetometer article. Other applications of PPM s are also outlined in this article. Proton magnetometer in archaeology According to Christopher S. Peebles Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology , Indiana University Bloomington Indiana University , Bloomington, Geophysics at the Angel Site Past, Present, and Future in 1958 Black and Mr. Eli Lilly, following the work of M. J. Aitken and his associates at the Oxford University UK Archaeometric Laboratory, used proton magnetometers to locate and map buried archaeological features. Magnetometers measure minute differences in the magnetic field of the earth caused by ferrous concentrations and iron objects in the soil, thermo remnant magnetism of fired clays, and differences in the magnetic susceptibility of disturbed ... sought and located as well. This work, which was the first systematic use of a proton magnetometer for archaeological ... Study , 2 vols., Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, 1967. Johnston, R. B., Proton Magnetometry ... the Overhauser GSM 19 gradiometer , Wormianum 2008. See also Earth s field NMR Magnetometer NMR Category ... more details
wiktionary proton A proton is a subatomic particle. Proton may also refer to TOC right In chemistry Proton, the ion, Hydron chemistry chem H Proton, the ion, Hydronium hydroxonium chem H 3 O especially in biochemistry Proton pump inhibitor , a group of drugs Proton conductor , an electrolyte Proton coupled electron transfer , a chemical reaction mechanism In technology Protei 5 Russian diver rider called a Proton , Russian diver propulsion vehicle Proton rocket , Russian unmanned space vehicle design Proton satellite , Soviet satellite Proton, a make of rebreather breathing set made by Siebe Gorman Proton K , a rocket Proton M , a rocket Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry , a technique to monitor volatile organic compounds online In business Proton bank card , an electronic purse for debit cards in Belgium Proton Bank , an investment bank in Greece Proton carmaker , a Malaysian car producer Proton FC , a team in the Malaysian Premier League sponsored by the carmaker Proton Radio , an internet electronic music station Proton supermarkets , a Greek chain of independent retailers Other uses Proton, a geologic province of a craton that is between 1.6 and 2.5 billion years old, which developed in the Proterozoic Eon USS Proton AG 147 , a US Navy tank landing ship See also Proto disambig af Proton dubbelsinnig az Proton d qiql dirm bs Proton vor cs Proton rozcestn k de Proton Begriffskl rung es Prot n desambiguaci n fr Proton homonymie hr Proton razdvojba it Proton nl Proton ja nds Proton Mehrd dig Begreep pl Proton ujednoznacznienie pt Proton desambigua o ro Proton dezambiguizare ru sk Proton sr sv Proton olika betydelser tr Proton anlam ayr m vi Proton nh h ng ... more details
, Carbon satellites are most often encountered in protonNMR . In the example of protonNMR , these peaks are not the result of protonNMRprotonproton coupling , but result from the coupling of sup ... sup 1 sup H peak. For other NMR atoms e.g. sup 19 sup F or sup 31 sup P atoms , the same applies as above, but obviously where the proton atom is replaced with that other NMR active atom e.g. sup ... NMR sup 1 sup H NMR spectrum. The CH proton does not couple to the adjacent CH proton as the molecule ... stilbenes by protonNMR spectroscopy, Viviana S. Flux a, Titus A. Jennya and Christian G. Bochet, Tetrahedron ... in an NMRNMR spectrum spectrum . These peaks can occur in the NMR spectrum of any NMR active atom e.g. Fluorine 19 NMR sup 19 sup F or Phosphorus 31 NMR sup 31 sup P NMR where those atoms adjoin a carbon ... content of carbon , the rest of the carbon atoms are predominantly NMR inactive Carbon 12 sup 12 ... 1 sup H peak has protonproton coupling, then each satellite will be a miniature version of the main ... and are related to the rate of spin of an NMR tube . Carbon satellites and spinning sidebands ... peaks in the NMRNMR spectrum spectrum . This usually occurs when the purely Carbon 12 sup 12 sup ... bond carbons i.e. Ph sup 13 sup CH sup 12 sup CH Ph . In this situation, the proton adjacent to sup 13 sup C atom will NMR spectroscopy couple to the sup 13 sup C atom to give a wide NMR spectroscopy doublet . Also, as this molecule is no longer symmetric the sup 13 sup C u H u proton will now couple to the adjacent sup 12 sup C u H u proton, causing a further doubleting. Thus this additional ... NMR spectrum is need, albeit with close inspection of the satellite peaks, rather than any further complex NMR or derivative chemical experiments. The same would be see for 1,2 Dichloroethene . ref name Gunther1 cite book author Harald. Gunther title NMR Spectroscopy Basic principles, concepts, and applications ... Wiley & Sons ref See also not to be confused with side band spinning effect, 1H NMR sup 1 sup H NMR ... more details
to the main articles on NMR and NMR spectroscopy . For more detail see protonNMR and carbon 13 NMR . Proton EFNMR frequencies The geomagnetic field strength and hence precession frequency varies ... ProtonProtonNMR Zero field NMR col end References reflist External links http www.teachspin.com ...about Earth s field NMR EFNMR Electric field NMR same acronym EFNMR Electric field NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR in the geomagnetic field is conventionally referred to as Earth s field NMR EFNMR . EFNMR is a special case of low field NMR . When a sample is placed in a constant magnetic field and stimulated perturbed by a pulsed or alternating magnetic field, NMR active nuclei resonate at characteristic ... tesla magnetic field that may be found in high resolution laboratory NMR spectroscopy NMR spectrometers ... NMR active nuclei in different positions within the molecules produce slightly different patterns ... changes in ambient magnetic fields. Whereas chemical shift s are important in NMR, they are insignificant ... of EFNMR include Proton precession magnetometer s PPM or proton magnetometer s, which produce ... of NMR spectroscopy to analyse molecular structures in a variety of applications, from investigating ... www.teachspin.com instruments earths field NMR index.shtml TeachSpin and http www.magritek.com terranova.html ... search engines find data and designs for basic proton precession magnetometers which claim to be within ... instrument. Whereas a pulsed rf field is usual in conventional high field NMR spectrometers, the pulsed ... NMR signals. Signal levels are very low, and specialised electronic amplifiers are required to amplify ... versus portability and cost. Since the FID resonant frequencies of NMR active nuclei are directly proportional to the magnetic field affecting those nuclei, we can use widely available NMR spectroscopy ... compared with high field NMR is that some aspects of molecular structure can be observed more clearly ... www.sfu.ca simonw phys431 references nmr robinson nmr imaging JMR2006.pdf Two dimensional NMR spectroscopy ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Automobile boxcolor red image Image Proton Tiara front , Sungai Besi.jpg 250px A Proton Tiara. name Proton Tiara manufacturer Proton car Proton production 1996 2000 class Car classification Supermini.2FSub compact Supermini body style 5 door hatchback engine 1.1 litre Citro n Straight 4 I4 Transmission 5 speed manual transmission wheelbase convert 2290 mm in 1 abbr on length n a width n a height convert 1810 mm in 1 abbr on weight convert 780 kg lb 1 abbr on The Proton Tiara is a Malaysia n automobile based on the Citro n AX , built under licence by the Automobile industry automobile manufacturer Proton car Proton between 1996 and 2000. History The genesis of the Tiara was the result of an agreement during the mid 1990s between Proton s then Chief executive officer CEO , Yahaya Ahmad Tan Sri Yahaya Ahmad , and PSA Peugeot Citro n , a producer of Citro n and Peugeot vehicles. Yahaya had expressed wishes that Proton not use Mitsubishi Motors Mitsubishi platforms, and that Proton cooperate with PSA Peugeot Citro n for access to its diesel engines. Yahaya Ahmad was killed in a helicopter crash in 1997, and Proton returned to using various Mitsubishi based platforms and developed in house designed models later. Production of the Tiara ceased in 2000 due to low sales volume in 2005, the Proton Savvy was launched as a successor to the Proton Tiara ... GT, but the grille was restyled to match the existing Proton Saga Saga and Proton Wira Wira models ... with a 1.1 litre Convert 45 kW hp 0 abbr on engine. The Proton Tiara was sold only in the Malaysian market, due to similarities with the Citro n AX . Official Website http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles Tiara Category 1990s automobiles Category 2000s automobiles Category Vehicles introduced in 1996 de Proton Tiara fr Proton Tiara ms Proton Tiara nl Proton Tiara ja pl Proton Tiara pt Proton Tiara sco Proton Tiara fi Proton Tiara tr Proton ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 The NMR database method enables identification of the stereochemistry of chirality chemistry chiral molecules, especially polyol s. It relies on the observation that NMR spectroscopy data depend only on the immediate environment near an asymmetric carbon , not on the entire molecular structure. All stereoisomers of a certain class of compounds are synthesized, and their protonNMR and carbon 13 NMR chemical shift s and coupling constant s are compared. Yoshito Kishi s group at Harvard University has reported NMR databases for 1,3,5 triols ref Kobayashi, Y. Tan, C. H. Kishi, Y . Toward Creation of a Universal NMR Database for Stereochemical Assignment The Case of 1,3,5 Trisubstituted Acyclic Systems Helv. Chim. Acta 2000, 83, 2562 2571. ref 1,2,3 triols, 1,2,3,4 tetraols, and 1,2,3,4,5 pentaols. ref S. Higabayashi, W. Czechtizky, Y. Kobayashi, and Y. Kishi . Universal NMR Databases for Contiguous Polyols. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14379 14393. ref The stereochemistry of any 1,2,3 triol may be determined by comparing it with the database, even if the remainder of the unknown molecule is different from the database template compounds. References reflist Category Spectroscopy Category Nuclear magnetic resonance analytical chem stub ... more details
Proton emission also known as proton radioactivity is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a atomic nucleus nucleus . Image Zerfallsschema.png left thumb 300px The decay of a proton rich nucleus A populates excited states of a daughter nucleus B by emission or electron capture EC . Those excited states that lie below the separation energy for protons Sp decay by emission towards the groundstate of daughter B. For the higher excited states a competitive decay channel of proton emission to the granddaughter C exists, called delayed proton emission. Proton emission can occur from high lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay , in which case the process is known as beta delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state or a low lying nuclear isomer isomer of very proton rich nuclei, in which case the process is very similar to alpha decay . For a proton to escape a nucleus, the proton separation energy must be negative the proton is therefore unbound, and Quantum tunneling tunnels out of the nucleus in a finite time. Proton emission is not seen in naturally occurring isotopes proton emitters can be produced via nuclear reaction s, usually utilising some kind of particle accelerator . Although prompt i.e. not beta delayed proton emission was observed from an isomer in Cobalt Isotopes Cobalt 53 as early as 1969, no other proton emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of Lutetium Isotopes ... flourished after this breakthrough, and to date more than 25 isotopes have been found to exhibit proton emission. The study of proton emission has aided the understanding of nuclear deformation, masses ... proton decay. See also Proton drip line Diproton a particle possibly involved in double proton decay ... and Decay Data IAEA with query on Proton Separation Energy Nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT Proton ... mission de proton ko ja pl Emisja protonu pt Emiss o prot nica ru ... more details
mergeto Charged particle beam discuss Talk Charged particle beam Merger proposal date March 2012 Unreferenced date September 2010 Proton beams , a type of ion beam s, are the result of proton particle acceleration by means of a cyclotron or a synchrotron and can be used e.g. in Proton Beam Therapy for cancer treatment or for proton beam writing in lithography. See also Electron beam Accelerator stub Category Particle accelerators Category Plasma physics Category Lithography ... more details
FAIR USE of Protonstation.jpg see image description page at http en.wikipedia.org wiki Image Protonstation.jpg for rationale Image Protonstation.jpg right The Proton was a model of Soviet Union Soviet scientific artificial satellite s. The maximum mass was about 17 metric tonne tonnes . Four Protons were launched between 1965 and 1968. The satellite was developed by NPO Mashinostroyenia . The aim of the project was to study high and ultra high energy Subatomic particle particle s. The latest became Proton 4 NORAD ID 3544, NSSDC ID 1968 103A launched on November 16, 1968 by Proton K rocket with a booster and was in orbit for 250 days. ref http nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov nmc masterCatalog.do?sc 1968 103A Proton 4 at NASA NSSDC Master Catalog ref The Proton satellites were the source of the name for the Proton rocket , which launched them as some of its first payloads. Photos gallery Image Proton satellite model.jpg Proton satellite model at Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics Tsiolkovsky State Museum , two Photovoltaic module solar panel s dismantled to fit the hall Image Proton satellite model closeup.jpg Proton satellite model closeup gallery References references External links http www.npomash.ru society en about.htm The history of NPO Mashinostroyenia http www.inr.ac.ru muhamed INCA project eng.htm The INCA Project , Ionization Neutron CAlorimeter a modern continuation of Proton experiment project at Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences website Dead link date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Proton Satellite Category Soviet Earth satellites USSR spacecraft stub bg cs Proton dru ice de Proton Satellit ja ru fi Proton satelliitti uk ... more details
Infobox Automobile name Proton Juara image Image Proton Juara, Kuala Lumpur.jpg 250px manufacturer Proton car Proton production 2001 2003 predecessor successor class Microvan body style 5 door van engine 1.1 L 4A31 straight 4 I4 EFI transmission MT AT wheelbase convert 2390 mm in 1 abbr on length convert 3660 mm in 1 abbr on width convert 1535 mm in 1 abbr on height convert 1810 mm in 1 abbr on weight convert 1005 kg lb 1 abbr on The Proton Juara was a microvan produced by Malaysia n Automotive industry carmaker Proton car Proton between 2001 2003. The design and production of the Juara marked a notable departure from Proton s traditional preference towards sedan car saloon s and hatchback s, making the Juara the first van to be manufactured by Proton. In its marketing campaign, Proton decided that the Juara was essentially a Mini MPV Multi Purpose Vehicle and became the platform in its advertising and promotional campaign. The van s name was derived from the Malay language , meaning champion . It was discontinued in 2003, but was succeeded six years later by the Proton Exora . Design The Juara was introduced in 2001 as a rival to Perodua s Perodua Kenari Kenari and was targeted at young ... of the Town Box Wide. Additionally, optional accessories were offered by Proton to go with the Juara ... the only vehicle in the Proton stable that has EPS Electrical Power Steering . Production and reception ... in mid 2002. The sales figures remained so disappointing that in 2003, Proton discontinued the production of the Juara altogether. When it was first introduced in 2001, the price tag of the Proton Juara ... failed to attract the consumers in Malaysia. Official Websites http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles Juara Category Vehicles introduced in 2001 Category 2000s automobiles modern auto stub Malaysia stub fa it Proton Juara ms Proton Juara ja pl Proton Juara pt Proton Juara ... more details
Infobox Automobile name Proton Emas image File Proton emas geneva 2.jpg 250px manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton parent company Proton carmaker Proton Holdings Berhad production 2010 class Compact body style 3 door and 5 door hatchback engine 1.6L Mitsubishi 4G18 I4 1.6L Proton CamPro S4PHI4 1.8L Renault F4P I4 2.0L Mitsubishi 6A12 V6CamPro S4PP T CPS with Turbo IntercoolerI4 wheelbase convert 2600 mm in 1 abbr on interior length convert 3555 mm in 1 abbr on interior width convert 1699 mm in 1 abbr on interior height convert 1576 mm in 1 abbr on interior weight n a Proton Emas is a range of concept cars designed by Italdesign Giugiaro and developed by Proton car Proton . It debuted at the Geneva ... http paultan.org 2010 03 02 proton showcases the emas emas country and emas3 trio of concepts at geneva 2010 title Proton showcases the EMAS, EMAS Country and EMAS3 trio of concepts at Geneva 2010 author ... for Eco Mobility Advance Solution. The word emas means gold in Malay language Malay . Proton Emas was planned to be Malaysia s and Proton car Proton s first global car and was expected to be in production by 2012. As of February 2012, Proton s website neither lists it as a current model or a concept car. Proton s subsidiary Lotus Cars has shown a plug in hybrid city concept car based on the EMAS ... 2010 12 16 publisher Car magazine accessdate 2011 09 30 ref File Proton emas geneva 1.jpg thumb left Proton EMAS at the Geneva Motor Show 2010 Geneva Motor Show . File Proton EMAS interior.JPG thumb center Proton EMAS interior. Specifications class wikitable colspan 2 Powertrain Engine & Performance ... Torsion Beam Brake Front Rear n a See also Proton Inspira Proton Saga Proton Exora References reflist Official Websites http www.protonconcepts.com Proton Concepts http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad Official Website modern auto stub Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles EMAS Category 2010 introductions ar EMAS ms Proton Emas ... more details
A proton conductor is an electrolyte , typically a solid electrolyte , in which hydron chemistry H sup sup ref Traditionally, but not precisely, H sup sup ions are referred as proton s . ref are the primary charge carriers. Composition For practical applications, proton conductors are usually solid materials. Typical materials are polymers or ceramic. Typically the pores in practical materials are small such that proton s dominate electrical conduction direct current and transport of bulk solvent is prevented. Ice is a proton conductor, albeit a relatively poor one. ref cite web author A. Crofts date 1996 title Lecture 12 Proton Conduction, Stoichiometry url http www.life.illinois.edu crofts bioph354 lect12.html publisher University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign accessdate 2009 12 06 ref Proton conduction was first suggested by Alfred Rene Jean Paul Ubbelohde 14 December 1907 7 January 1988 and S. E. Rogers. ref cite journal author S. E. Rogers and A. R. Ubbelohde year 1950 title Melting and Crystal Structure III Low melting Acid Sulphates journal Transactions of the Faraday Society volume 46 pages 1051 doi 10.1039 tf9504601051 ref When in the form of thin Proton Exchange Membrane membrane s, proton conductors are an essential part of small, inexpensive proton exchange membrane fuel cell fuel cells . The polymer nafion is a typical proton conductor in fuel cells. High proton conductivity has been reported among alkaline earth cerates and zirconate based perovskite materials such as acceptor doped SrCeO sub 3 sub , BaCeO sub 3 sub and BaZrO sub 3 sub . fact date November 2011 Relatively high proton conductivity has also been found in rare earth ortho niobates and ortho tantalates as well as rare earth tungstates. fact date November 2011 References references physical chemistry stub Category Electrochemistry ca Conductor prot nic it Conduttore protonico ... more details
Infobox Automobile image Image Proton Savvy first generation front , Serdang.jpg 250px A pre 2007 facelift Proton Savvy. name Proton Savvy manufacturer Proton car Proton production 2005 present class Supermini ... on The Proton Savvy is a supermini car supermini hatchback produced by Malaysia n carmaker Proton car Proton . The car was introduced in June 2005 as a successor to Proton Tiara . History Following Proton s decision to discontinue the Citro n AX based Proton Tiara Tiara in 2000, a replacement model was required in order for Proton to reenter the supermini market. The replacement, originally codenamed the Tiara Replacement Model TRM , was partially designed in house by Proton but is powered by a Renault ... Kingdom in September 2005. The Savvy was also among two models alongside the Proton Gen 2 the now defunct MG Rover Group MG Rover was seeking to rebadge when it entered talks with Proton s parent ... on the front and rear of the car. File Proton savvy r3.jpg thumb Proton Savvy R3. In 2006, Proton introduced a Savvy Zerokit variant developed in conjunction with the Proton s motorsports division ... for being the first Proton car to undergo a publicly announced product recall recall . On April 1, 2008, Proton Edar ordered the recall of all 34,000 Savvys on Malaysian roads of which their production ... cause malfunction of its components. The second generation Proton Saga , launched in January 2008 ... Rear Ventilated Disc Drum Design Unlike the Proton Tiara Tiara , the Savvy s exterior design was largely developed in house by Proton, prominently featuring a clamshell bonnet design for efficient ... 1990s. The Savvy, along with other in house designed Protons such as the Proton Gen 2 Gen 2 , Proton Persona Persona , Proton Satria Satria Neo , Proton Waja Waja , Waja Chancellor, and second generation Proton Saga Saga , feature turn indicator switches placed at the left hand side, unlike models introduced earlier, such as the first generation Proton Saga Saga , Proton Wira Wira and Proton Perdana ... more details
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