Refimprove date September 2009 Image FusionintheSun.svg thumb 250px The protonprotonchainreaction dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller. The protonprotonchainreaction is one of several ... , 1987, p. 537. ref The fact that the Sun is still shining is due to the slow nature of this reaction if it went more quickly, the Sun would have exhausted its hydrogen long ago. History of the protonprotonchainreaction The theory that protonproton reactions were the basic principle by which ... Nobel Prize in Physics . The protonprotonchainreaction The first step involves the fusion of two ... File ProtonProton III chain reaction.png thumb Protonproton III chainreaction Autogenerated using ... reaction Image Protonproton cycle.png thumb 300px Protonproton and electron capture chain reactions in a star. Deuterium can also be produced by the rare pep proton electron protonreaction electron ... chainreaction references Nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT ProtonProtonChainReaction Category Nuclear ... being the CNO cycle . The protonprotonchain dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller. In general, protonproton fusion can occur only if the temperature i.e. kinetic energy of the protons ... , 1 42,59, 1971 , The Proton type nuclear fission reaction ref In the Sun, deuterium producing ... 2 Nuclide Link hydrogen 1 val 12.86 u MeV The complete pp I chainreaction ... needed date March 2008 The pp II branch File ProtonProton II chain reaction.svg thumb Protonproton II chainreaction See also lithium burning Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.11 by User SkyLined ... . In this reaction, Helium 3 reacts directly with a proton to give helium 4, with an even higher ... in the figure of protonproton and electron capture chain reactions in a star, available ... physics classical prediction. Even so, it was unclear how protonproton fusion might proceed ... in the chain. ref Hans A. Bethe, Physical Review 55 103, 434 1939 cited in Donald D. Clayton ... more details
physics Proton decay ProtonprotonchainreactionProton therapy Quark model Subatomic particle ...Other uses about the proton as a subatomic particle the aqueous form of the hydrogen ion often encountered in biochemistry Hydronium Infobox Particle bgcolour classification Baryon name Proton image Image Quark structure proton.svg 250px caption The quark structure of the proton. The color assignment ... symbol SubatomicParticle Proton , SubatomicParticle Proton , SubatomicParticle Nucleon mass val ... 9 doi 10.1063 1.2808195 bibcode 1995PhT....48j...9S ref The proton is a subatomic particle subatomic particle with the symbol SubatomicParticle Proton or SubatomicParticle Proton and a positive electric ... model of particle physics, the proton is a hadron , composed of quark s. Prior to that model becoming a consensus in the physics community, the proton was considered a fundamental particle . A proton ... to contribute only about 1 of the proton s mass. The remainder of the proton mass is due to the kinetic energy of the quarks and to the energy of the gluon fields that bind them together. Because the proton ... well defined since the surface of a proton is defined by forces that do not come to an abrupt end, and is therefore somewhat fuzzy. The proton is about 1.6 1.7 Femtometre fm in diameter. ref name Cottingham ... page 19 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn ref The free proton a proton not bound to nucleons ... distances. Free protons are proton emission emitted directly from atomic nucleus atomic ..., in such an association, the character of the bound proton is not changed, and it remains a proton ... or molecule with which they come in contact, causing the proton and molecule to combine. Such molecules ... acid s. In vacuum, when free electrons are present, a sufficiently slow proton may pick up a single ... up quark s and one down quark of the proton are held together by the strong interaction strong force , mediated by gluon s. ref name Cottingham A modern perspective has the proton composed of the valence ... more details
Distinguish Proton notability date September 2011 primary sources date September 2011 The PROTON Ontology PROTo ONtology is a basic upper level ontology that contains about 300 classes and 100 properties, providing coverage of the general concepts necessary for a wide range of tasks, including semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval of documents. ref Cite journal first Ivan last Terziev author authorlink coauthors Atanas Kiryakov, Dimitar Manov title D1.8.1 Base upper level ontology PROTON Guidance version publisher date Dec 7, 2005 url http proton.semanticweb.org D1 8 1.pdf accessdate 2010 09 29 ref Its design principles can be summarized as domain independence light weight logical definitions alignment with popular standards, and good coverage of named entities and concrete domains i.e., people, organizations, locations, numbers, dates, addresses . It was originally developed under the auspices of the SEKT project, and first released in 2005. It is presently maintained by Ontotext . See also Cyc UMBEL Upper ontology 28information science 29 Upper Ontologies Notes Reflist External links Semantic Web Category Knowledge representation Category Ontology information science Category Semantic Web ... more details
wiktionary proton A proton is a subatomic particle. Proton may also refer to TOC right In chemistry Proton, the ion, Hydron chemistry chem H Proton, the ion, Hydronium hydroxonium chem H 3 O especially in biochemistry Proton pump inhibitor , a group of drugs Proton conductor , an electrolyte Proton coupled electron transfer , a chemical reaction mechanism In technology Protei 5 Russian diver rider called a Proton , Russian diver propulsion vehicle Proton rocket , Russian unmanned space vehicle design Proton satellite , Soviet satellite Proton, a make of rebreather breathing set made by Siebe Gorman Proton K , a rocket Proton M , a rocket Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry , a technique to monitor volatile organic compounds online In business Proton bank card , an electronic purse for debit cards in Belgium Proton Bank , an investment bank in Greece Proton carmaker , a Malaysian car producer Proton FC , a team in the Malaysian Premier League sponsored by the carmaker Proton Radio , an internet electronic music station Proton supermarkets , a Greek chain of independent retailers Other uses Proton, a geologic province of a craton that is between 1.6 and 2.5 billion years old, which developed in the Proterozoic Eon USS Proton AG 147 , a US Navy tank landing ship See also Proto disambig af Proton dubbelsinnig az Proton d qiql dirm bs Proton vor cs Proton rozcestn k de Proton Begriffskl rung es Prot n desambiguaci n fr Proton homonymie hr Proton razdvojba it Proton nl Proton ja nds Proton Mehrd dig Begreep pl Proton ujednoznacznienie pt Proton desambigua o ro Proton dezambiguizare ru sk Proton sr sv Proton olika betydelser tr Proton anlam ayr m vi Proton nh h ng ... more details
Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry PTR MS is a very sensitive technique for online monitoring ... taken from peer reviewed journal articles Reaction 1 is only possible if energetically allowed, i.e. if the proton affinity of math R math is higher than the proton affinity of Water molecule H sub 2 sub O 691 kJ mol ref R.S. Blake, P.S. Monks, A.M. Ellis, Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry ... of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels by means of Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry ... compounds in seawater by membrane inlet proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta ... warfare agent simulants using recent advances in proton transfer reaction time of flight mass ... Organic Compounds in the Earth s Atmosphere using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry, Mass ... ref R. S. Blake, P. S. Monks, A. M. Ellis Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry. Chem. Rev., 109 ... of Breath Research, Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry Applications in Medical Research Volume ... time of flight proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer PTR TOF MS , International Journal ... ultra high sensitivity proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer combined with switchable reagent ... , Austria ref A. Hansel, A. Jordan, R. Holzinger, P. Prazeller W. Vogel, W. Lindinger, Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry on line trace gas analysis at ppb level, Int. J. of Mass Spectrom ... Theory With Hydronium H sub 3 sub O sup sup as the primary ion the proton transfer process is with math ... a lower proton affinity than H sub 2 sub O e.g. Nitrogen N sub 2 sub , Oxygen O sub 2 sub , Argon ... of primary ions in absence of reactant molecules in the buffer gas, math k math is the reaction rate constant and math t math is the average time the ions need to pass the reaction region. With a PTR MS instrument the number of product and of primary ions can be measured, the reaction rate constant ... Ion Molecule Reaction Rate Constants through 1986, Maruzen Company Ltd. , Tokyo, 1987 . ref and the reaction ... more details
Proton emission also known as proton radioactivity is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a atomic nucleus nucleus . Image Zerfallsschema.png left thumb 300px The decay of a proton rich nucleus A populates excited states of a daughter nucleus B by emission or electron capture EC . Those excited states that lie below the separation energy for protons Sp decay by emission towards the groundstate of daughter B. For the higher excited states a competitive decay channel of proton emission to the granddaughter C exists, called delayed proton emission. Proton emission can occur from high lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay , in which case the process is known as beta delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state or a low lying nuclear isomer isomer of very proton rich nuclei, in which case the process is very similar to alpha decay . For a proton to escape a nucleus, the proton separation energy must be negative the proton is therefore unbound, and Quantum tunneling tunnels out of the nucleus in a finite time. Proton emission is not seen in naturally occurring isotopes proton emitters can be produced via nuclear reaction s, usually utilising some kind of particle accelerator . Although prompt i.e. not beta delayed proton emission was observed from an isomer in Cobalt Isotopes Cobalt 53 as early as 1969, no other proton emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of Lutetium Isotopes ... flourished after this breakthrough, and to date more than 25 isotopes have been found to exhibit proton emission. The study of proton emission has aided the understanding of nuclear deformation, masses ... proton decay. See also Proton drip line Diproton a particle possibly involved in double proton decay ... and Decay Data IAEA with query on Proton Separation Energy Nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT Proton ... mission de proton ko ja pl Emisja protonu pt Emiss o prot nica ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Proton is a Greece Greek based retail chain of independent retailers primarily grocery shops operating as a brand and buying group or symbol group . All stores are independently owned. The parent company ELETA LTD is communally owned with each retailer owning a share. As of 2006, the Proton retail network consists of around 390 stores throughout Greece. See also Greek Supermarkets List of Greek supermarkets DEFAULTSORT Proton Supermarkets Category Supermarkets of Greece retail company stub ... more details
mitochondrion chloroplast electron transfer chainproton pump inhibitor uncoupling protein protonophore 2,4 Dinitrophenol ATP synthase V ATPase proton ATPase References reflist External links http www.1lec.com Biochemistry Proton 20Pump index.html Proton Pump Animation MeshName Proton Pumps Ion pumps Proton pumps DEFAULTSORT Proton Pump Category Transport proteins ar ca Canal ...About proton pumps in general the proton pump enzyme in plants proton ATPase the proton pump enzyme in the mammalian stomach Hydrogen potassium ATPase A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving proton s across a cell membrane , mitochondrion , or other organelle . Mechanisms are based on Protein conformation conformational changes of the protein structure or on the Q cycle . Function In cell respiration , the pump actively transports protons from the matrix biology matrix of the mitochondrion into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. This action creates a gradient concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, as there are more ... to remember that the proton pump does not create energy, but instead creates a gradient that stores ... transport chain travel along the matrix, like freight boats, navigating up and down the river ... the matrix may have a secondary role as proton pumps because they can deliver protons to the inner ... by electron transfer chain electron transfer or photosynthesis power this translocation of protons. For example ... provided by reduced cytochrome c . In the plasma membrane proton ATPase and in the transmembrane ATPase ATPase proton pumps of other cellular membranes, ATP itself powers this transport. The F sub o ... of protons a ion channel proton channel temporarily opens in the inner membrane. The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H sup sup K sup sup ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach , which ... provided by electron transfer chain electron transfer or photosynthesis power the translocation ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Automobile boxcolor red image Image Proton Tiara front , Sungai Besi.jpg 250px A Proton Tiara. name Proton Tiara manufacturer Proton car Proton production 1996 2000 class Car classification Supermini.2FSub compact Supermini body style 5 door hatchback engine 1.1 litre Citro n Straight 4 I4 Transmission 5 speed manual transmission wheelbase convert 2290 mm in 1 abbr on length n a width n a height convert 1810 mm in 1 abbr on weight convert 780 kg lb 1 abbr on The Proton Tiara is a Malaysia n automobile based on the Citro n AX , built under licence by the Automobile industry automobile manufacturer Proton car Proton between 1996 and 2000. History The genesis of the Tiara was the result of an agreement during the mid 1990s between Proton s then Chief executive officer CEO , Yahaya Ahmad Tan Sri Yahaya Ahmad , and PSA Peugeot Citro n , a producer of Citro n and Peugeot vehicles. Yahaya had expressed wishes that Proton not use Mitsubishi Motors Mitsubishi platforms, and that Proton cooperate with PSA Peugeot Citro n for access to its diesel engines. Yahaya Ahmad was killed in a helicopter crash in 1997, and Proton returned to using various Mitsubishi based platforms and developed in house designed models later. Production of the Tiara ceased in 2000 due to low sales volume in 2005, the Proton Savvy was launched as a successor to the Proton Tiara ... GT, but the grille was restyled to match the existing Proton Saga Saga and Proton Wira Wira models ... with a 1.1 litre Convert 45 kW hp 0 abbr on engine. The Proton Tiara was sold only in the Malaysian market, due to similarities with the Citro n AX . Official Website http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles Tiara Category 1990s automobiles Category 2000s automobiles Category Vehicles introduced in 1996 de Proton Tiara fr Proton Tiara ms Proton Tiara nl Proton Tiara ja pl Proton Tiara pt Proton Tiara sco Proton Tiara fi Proton Tiara tr Proton ... more details
mergeto Charged particle beam discuss Talk Charged particle beam Merger proposal date March 2012 Unreferenced date September 2010 Proton beams , a type of ion beam s, are the result of proton particle acceleration by means of a cyclotron or a synchrotron and can be used e.g. in Proton Beam Therapy for cancer treatment or for proton beam writing in lithography. See also Electron beam Accelerator stub Category Particle accelerators Category Plasma physics Category Lithography ... more details
FAIR USE of Protonstation.jpg see image description page at http en.wikipedia.org wiki Image Protonstation.jpg for rationale Image Protonstation.jpg right The Proton was a model of Soviet Union Soviet scientific artificial satellite s. The maximum mass was about 17 metric tonne tonnes . Four Protons were launched between 1965 and 1968. The satellite was developed by NPO Mashinostroyenia . The aim of the project was to study high and ultra high energy Subatomic particle particle s. The latest became Proton 4 NORAD ID 3544, NSSDC ID 1968 103A launched on November 16, 1968 by Proton K rocket with a booster and was in orbit for 250 days. ref http nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov nmc masterCatalog.do?sc 1968 103A Proton 4 at NASA NSSDC Master Catalog ref The Proton satellites were the source of the name for the Proton rocket , which launched them as some of its first payloads. Photos gallery Image Proton satellite model.jpg Proton satellite model at Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics Tsiolkovsky State Museum , two Photovoltaic module solar panel s dismantled to fit the hall Image Proton satellite model closeup.jpg Proton satellite model closeup gallery References references External links http www.npomash.ru society en about.htm The history of NPO Mashinostroyenia http www.inr.ac.ru muhamed INCA project eng.htm The INCA Project , Ionization Neutron CAlorimeter a modern continuation of Proton experiment project at Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences website Dead link date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Proton Satellite Category Soviet Earth satellites USSR spacecraft stub bg cs Proton dru ice de Proton Satellit ja ru fi Proton satelliitti uk ... more details
Infobox Automobile name Proton Juara image Image Proton Juara, Kuala Lumpur.jpg 250px manufacturer Proton car Proton production 2001 2003 predecessor successor class Microvan body style 5 door van engine 1.1 L 4A31 straight 4 I4 EFI transmission MT AT wheelbase convert 2390 mm in 1 abbr on length convert 3660 mm in 1 abbr on width convert 1535 mm in 1 abbr on height convert 1810 mm in 1 abbr on weight convert 1005 kg lb 1 abbr on The Proton Juara was a microvan produced by Malaysia n Automotive industry carmaker Proton car Proton between 2001 2003. The design and production of the Juara marked a notable departure from Proton s traditional preference towards sedan car saloon s and hatchback s, making the Juara the first van to be manufactured by Proton. In its marketing campaign, Proton decided that the Juara was essentially a Mini MPV Multi Purpose Vehicle and became the platform in its advertising and promotional campaign. The van s name was derived from the Malay language , meaning champion . It was discontinued in 2003, but was succeeded six years later by the Proton Exora . Design The Juara was introduced in 2001 as a rival to Perodua s Perodua Kenari Kenari and was targeted at young ... of the Town Box Wide. Additionally, optional accessories were offered by Proton to go with the Juara ... the only vehicle in the Proton stable that has EPS Electrical Power Steering . Production and reception ... in mid 2002. The sales figures remained so disappointing that in 2003, Proton discontinued the production of the Juara altogether. When it was first introduced in 2001, the price tag of the Proton Juara ... failed to attract the consumers in Malaysia. Official Websites http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles Juara Category Vehicles introduced in 2001 Category 2000s automobiles modern auto stub Malaysia stub fa it Proton Juara ms Proton Juara ja pl Proton Juara pt Proton Juara ... more details
phase, i.e. energy is released when the reaction advances in the direction shown. However, proton .... Chem. Ref. Data. 13 695. ref making the hydrohelium 1 ion the strongest known proton acid. Hydration Proton affinities illustrate the role of Hydration reaction hydration in aqueous phase Br nsted ...Acids and bases The proton affinity , E sub pa sub , of an anion or of a neutral atom or molecule is a measure of its gas phase basicity . It is the energy released in the following reactions ref http goldbook.iupac.org P04907.html Proton affinity. Compendium of Chemical Terminology . ref A sup &minus ... sign convention as is used for electron affinity . Acid base chemistry The higher the proton affinity ... proton acid ref The term proton acid is used to distinguish these acids from Lewis acid s. It is the gas ... 1635 kJ mol , ref name Bartmess one of the strongest known proton acceptors in the gas phase ... Inorg. Synth. 11 113. ref br clear all To a first approximation, the proton affinity of a base in the gas ... of the gaseous proton E &minus 1530 kJ mol , as can be seen in the following estimates of aqueous acidity Proton affinity HHe sup sup g H sup sup g He g align right 178 kJ mol ref name ... Estimated from solubility data. ref Hydration of proton H sup sup g H sup sup aq align right ... proton affinity and pK sub a sub are measures of the acidity of a molecule, and so both reflect the thermodynamic gradient between a molecule and the anionic form of that molecule upon removal of a proton from it. Implicit in the definition of pK sub a sub however is that the acceptor of this proton ... is an active partner in the proton equilibrium process, and so pK sub a sub does not represent an intrinsic property of the molecule in isolation. In contrast, proton affinity is an intrinsic ... that pK sub a sub reflects a thermal free energy for the proton transfer process, in which both ... species. Proton affinity, on the other hand, is not a measure of free energy. See also Proton affinity ... more details
Infobox Automobile name Proton Emas image File Proton emas geneva 2.jpg 250px manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton parent company Proton carmaker Proton Holdings Berhad production 2010 class Compact body style 3 door and 5 door hatchback engine 1.6L Mitsubishi 4G18 I4 1.6L Proton CamPro S4PHI4 1.8L Renault F4P I4 2.0L Mitsubishi 6A12 V6CamPro S4PP T CPS with Turbo IntercoolerI4 wheelbase convert 2600 mm in 1 abbr on interior length convert 3555 mm in 1 abbr on interior width convert 1699 mm in 1 abbr on interior height convert 1576 mm in 1 abbr on interior weight n a Proton Emas is a range of concept cars designed by Italdesign Giugiaro and developed by Proton car Proton . It debuted at the Geneva ... http paultan.org 2010 03 02 proton showcases the emas emas country and emas3 trio of concepts at geneva 2010 title Proton showcases the EMAS, EMAS Country and EMAS3 trio of concepts at Geneva 2010 author ... for Eco Mobility Advance Solution. The word emas means gold in Malay language Malay . Proton Emas was planned to be Malaysia s and Proton car Proton s first global car and was expected to be in production by 2012. As of February 2012, Proton s website neither lists it as a current model or a concept car. Proton s subsidiary Lotus Cars has shown a plug in hybrid city concept car based on the EMAS ... 2010 12 16 publisher Car magazine accessdate 2011 09 30 ref File Proton emas geneva 1.jpg thumb left Proton EMAS at the Geneva Motor Show 2010 Geneva Motor Show . File Proton EMAS interior.JPG thumb center Proton EMAS interior. Specifications class wikitable colspan 2 Powertrain Engine & Performance ... Torsion Beam Brake Front Rear n a See also Proton Inspira Proton Saga Proton Exora References reflist Official Websites http www.protonconcepts.com Proton Concepts http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad Official Website modern auto stub Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles EMAS Category 2010 introductions ar EMAS ms Proton Emas ... more details
A proton conductor is an electrolyte , typically a solid electrolyte , in which hydron chemistry H sup sup ref Traditionally, but not precisely, H sup sup ions are referred as proton s . ref are the primary charge carriers. Composition For practical applications, proton conductors are usually solid materials. Typical materials are polymers or ceramic. Typically the pores in practical materials are small such that proton s dominate electrical conduction direct current and transport of bulk solvent is prevented. Ice is a proton conductor, albeit a relatively poor one. ref cite web author A. Crofts date 1996 title Lecture 12 Proton Conduction, Stoichiometry url http www.life.illinois.edu crofts bioph354 lect12.html publisher University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign accessdate 2009 12 06 ref Proton conduction was first suggested by Alfred Rene Jean Paul Ubbelohde 14 December 1907 7 January 1988 and S. E. Rogers. ref cite journal author S. E. Rogers and A. R. Ubbelohde year 1950 title Melting and Crystal Structure III Low melting Acid Sulphates journal Transactions of the Faraday Society volume 46 pages 1051 doi 10.1039 tf9504601051 ref When in the form of thin Proton Exchange Membrane membrane s, proton conductors are an essential part of small, inexpensive proton exchange membrane fuel cell fuel cells . The polymer nafion is a typical proton conductor in fuel cells. High proton conductivity has been reported among alkaline earth cerates and zirconate based perovskite materials such as acceptor doped SrCeO sub 3 sub , BaCeO sub 3 sub and BaZrO sub 3 sub . fact date November 2011 Relatively high proton conductivity has also been found in rare earth ortho niobates and ortho tantalates as well as rare earth tungstates. fact date November 2011 References references physical chemistry stub Category Electrochemistry ca Conductor prot nic it Conduttore protonico ... more details
Infobox Automobile image Image Proton Savvy first generation front , Serdang.jpg 250px A pre 2007 facelift Proton Savvy. name Proton Savvy manufacturer Proton car Proton production 2005 present class Supermini ... on The Proton Savvy is a supermini car supermini hatchback produced by Malaysia n carmaker Proton car Proton . The car was introduced in June 2005 as a successor to Proton Tiara . History Following Proton s decision to discontinue the Citro n AX based Proton Tiara Tiara in 2000, a replacement model was required in order for Proton to reenter the supermini market. The replacement, originally codenamed the Tiara Replacement Model TRM , was partially designed in house by Proton but is powered by a Renault ... Kingdom in September 2005. The Savvy was also among two models alongside the Proton Gen 2 the now defunct MG Rover Group MG Rover was seeking to rebadge when it entered talks with Proton s parent ... on the front and rear of the car. File Proton savvy r3.jpg thumb Proton Savvy R3. In 2006, Proton introduced a Savvy Zerokit variant developed in conjunction with the Proton s motorsports division ... for being the first Proton car to undergo a publicly announced product recall recall . On April 1, 2008, Proton Edar ordered the recall of all 34,000 Savvys on Malaysian roads of which their production ... cause malfunction of its components. The second generation Proton Saga , launched in January 2008 ... Rear Ventilated Disc Drum Design Unlike the Proton Tiara Tiara , the Savvy s exterior design was largely developed in house by Proton, prominently featuring a clamshell bonnet design for efficient ... 1990s. The Savvy, along with other in house designed Protons such as the Proton Gen 2 Gen 2 , Proton Persona Persona , Proton Satria Satria Neo , Proton Waja Waja , Waja Chancellor, and second generation Proton Saga Saga , feature turn indicator switches placed at the left hand side, unlike models introduced earlier, such as the first generation Proton Saga Saga , Proton Wira Wira and Proton Perdana ... more details
Infobox company company name Proton Holdings Bhd. company logo Image PROTON LOGO.svg 200px center The Proton Company logo company type Public company Public Bursa Malaysia Proton foundation May 7, 1983 ... Lotus Cars Lotus homepage http www.proton.com proton.com footnotes Proton is a Malaysian automobile ... of Proton Holdings Limited company Berhad , the holding company which is listed on Bursa Malaysia ... in Proton Holdings for 1.291 billion ringgit 413.1 million from Khazanah Nasional in January 2012 ... and parent Mitsubishi Corp. which each held a 7.93 stake in Proton until they sold it in March 2004. Mitsubishi disposed of its entire 15.86 stake in Proton, most of which were picked up by Khazanah Nasional, which previously owned 42.7 of Proton shares. The Mitsubishi Proton partnership was deemed a failure because of the lack of technology transfer. History Proton was established on 7 May 1983 ... in 1993. Based on technology and parts from Mitsubishi Motors , production of the first model, the Proton ... as technologies were transferred and skills were gained. The 100,000th Proton Saga was produced in January 1989. ref name 100000th cite web url http www.newint.org issue195 proton.htm title The Proton ... ref In 1993, a model called Proton Wira was introduced based on the Mitsubishi Lancer Mitsubishi ... Proton Perdana , based on the Mitsubishi Galant Mitsubishi Galant Eterna , was first produced in 1995, intended for higher end market. The Proton Waja Proton Impian in UK , launched early 2001, is the first car model designed internally by Proton. By 2002 Proton held a market share of over 60 in Malaysia ... in 1996 from ACBN Holdings a company owned by Volkswagen , Proton gained an additional source of engineering and automotive expertise. This led to the production of Proton Gen 2 that was code ... and assembled at the new manufacturing plant in Tanjung Malim , Perak that is part of Proton City development project. The plant was opened in 26 February 2005. On 8 June 2005, Proton introduced ... more details
about the 2007 car model by Proton company Proton the previous car model sold in Europe and Australia Proton Wira Infobox automobile image Image Proton Persona front , Serdang.jpg 250px Proton Persona front br The Proton Persona is largely similar to the Proton Gen 2 hatchback, with an added Trunk automobile boot , slightly extended roof line and higher profile tyres. name Proton Persona manufacturer Proton car Proton production 2007 2010 model years 2007 2010 class Compact car Compact body style ... in 1 abbr on weight convert 1170 kg lb 1 abbr on convert 1195 kg lb 1 abbr on Image Proton Persona rear , Serdang.jpg thumb right Proton Persona rear The Proton Persona is a compact car introduced by Proton car Proton in 2007 for the same model year. Being an in house design by Azlan Othman, the Persona replaced the saloon variant of the successful Proton Wira , whose export name is not confused with this model s same name, as Proton s compact car. It is available as a sedan car sedan and is based upon the platform also shared with the Proton Gen 2 and the Proton Satria Neo . Also available is a Proton Persona Proton Persona SE Special Edition variant . All Personas are currently manufactured at Proton s Tanjung Malim plant in Tanjung Malim , Perak . Specifications class wikitable colspan ... with Stabiliser Bar Brake Front Rear Ventilated disc 15 Drum 8 Design Body The Proton Persona is essentially a Sedan car saloon based on the Proton Gen 2 Gen 2 hatchback introduced in 2004, and inherits the Persona name from rebadged Proton Wira Wiras sold in certain countries. It addresses several ... litre Campro engine in the Persona is the same Convert 82 kW hp 0 abbr on unit used in other Proton ... and high rev breathing. Year to year changes Image Proton Persona SE 8 Large.jpg thumb right Proton ... Proton badges now bear the black and silver, rather than a blue and gold. Also, the Proton Persona ...?awReviewId 2440&awCatId RT.ATC.CAR.PV title Persona SE Special Edition Launched By Proton date 2008 ... more details
Proton City tagged as City of the Future is a new township with industrial, commercial and residential activities spread over 4,000 acres 16 km . It is located about 5 km north of Tanjung Malim , a town in Perak , Malaysia , and houses the state of the art ringgit RM 1.8 billion Proton company Proton car assembly plant. To be fully developed by 2020, Proton City aims to be home to Malaysia s automobile industry. Undertaken by Proton City Development Corp Sdn Bhd, a joint venture between DRB HICOM DRB Hicom Bhd and Proton Bhd, itself a core member of Proton Holdings Bhd, it started in 1996 with an initial investment of RM2.5 billion, beginning with the construction of the Proton plant. The Proton plant has a workforce of more than 2,000 and most of them are expected to live in the area. When Proton City is fully developed, it would have a population of about 240,000. The first settlement in the area 252 units of apartments were formally handed over to the buyers recently. These apartments have common facilities that include car and motorcycle parking bays, children s playground, BBQ area, car wash areas, mosque and a nursery kindergarten on the ground floor of each block and a multipurpose hall. Parcels 19 and 20 when completed in 2007 will have 1,091 apartments, 336 units of single and double storey terrace houses, 86 semi detached houses, 37 bungalows and 36 shop offices. Proton City is also expected to be home to students and staff of the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris UPSI , which a few years ago was known as Sultan Idris Teachers College, one of the country s oldest teachers training institutions. UPSI, occupying 800 acres 3.2 km within Proton City, is expected to have a student population of 20,000 within four years. The next phase of development at Proton City ... within Proton City. External links http proton city.com v1 main.htm Proton City Perak coord missing Malaysia Category Populated places in Perak ms Bandar raya Proton ... more details
Infobox automobile name Proton Prev image Deleted image removed File Proton Prev .jpg manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton predecessor Proton Persona class Compact car Proton Prev code name known as P3 21A is the upcoming global car developed by Malaysian automaker Proton carmaker Proton . It is reported to be based on a shrinked version of the Proton Exora platform. It began production in late 2011 and early 2012 at the Tanjung Malim plant and it was released on 16 April 2012 ref http www.btimes.com.my Current News BTIMES articles 20120404234331 Article index html ref . The Prev has a price tag starts from RM59,999 for an entry level unit with manual transmission, and RM72,999 for the high line version with automatic transmission. In between, there is a medium line version that may be sold for less than RM70,000. Proton also plans to export Prev to Asean countries three months after its local debut, before shipping it to Australia, the Middle East and China, among others. Specifications On February 7, 2012, the specifications for Proton Prev premium variant was revealed ref http chedet.cc blog ?p 686 ref Proton s new 1.6 liter Campro CFE will be used, which allows Prev to produce the power of a 2.0 liter engine with a smaller displacement. Hot press steel as opposed to cold press steel Vehicle Seek Lamp Wiper Auto Speed Automatic folding wing mirror Push button Start Stop function Automatic Wiper Sensors Automatic Headlamp Sensors GPS navigation system Impact sensing door lock Central Locking Alarm with Immobiliser CVT gearbox with 7 virtual speed manual mode Tiptronic selection on shift lever Steering mounted paddle shifters ABS with Brake Assist 4 airbags Comfortable Leather Seat Proton Tuah A compact sedan called the Proton Tuah was exhibited at the 2010 Kuala Lumpur ... reflist External Links http protonpreve.com Official Website Proton vehicles Category Upcoming automobiles Category Proton vehicles ms Proton Prev ja ... more details
Infobox Automobile image File 2007 2009 Proton Satria BS Neo GX hatchback 01.jpg 250px br 2007 2009 Proton Satria BS Neo GX hatchback Australia . name Proton Satria manufacturer Proton car Proton production ... 4G18 I4 1.6L Proton CamPro S4PHI4 1.8L Renault F4P I4 2.0L Mitsubishi 6A12 V6 CamPro S4PP T CPS with Turbo ... 1212 kg lb 1 abbr on convert 1227 kg lb 1 abbr on The Proton Satria is a hatchback produced by Malaysian Proton car Proton in 1995 for the first generation and ended in 2005. The new Satria Replacement Model SRM , known as Proton Satria Neo was launched on 16 June 2006. The name Satria which means knight in Sanskrit language Sanskrit was chosen for Proton s 3 door hatchback to reflect the sportiness of the car. Satria 1995 2005 Infobox Automobile generation image Image Proton Satria first generation front , Kuala Lumpur.jpg 245px A first generation Proton Satria. name First generation aka Proton Compact br Proton Persona Compact br Proton 300 series related Mitsubishi Mirage production 1995 ... . Changes were limited to front end styling and an interior from the bigger Proton Wira Wira . Power ... Proton Satria GTi. The Satria Sports GTi was launched with a convert 138 bhp kW 0 abbr on 1.8 ... this limited edition vehicle wears a Lotus Engineering badge below the Proton Satria GTi badge. Proton claims that the Satria GTi was their fastest car it has ever produced to date. The MMC Mitsubishi ... from mid 2002 until 2005 when Proton ceased production. Satria R3 Main Proton Satria R3 The Proton ... . R3 is a redefined version of Satria Gti by Proton s Racing development team and also Lotus. It houses ... Proton Satria Neo, Kuala Lumpur.jpg 245px A 2006 Proton Satria Neo. name Second generation Satria ... File Proton Satria Neo QLD AUS.jpg 245px left thumb A 2008 Proton Satria Neo GX in Queensland, Australia .... Based on a new platform developed in house by Proton with some parts borrowed from the bigger Proton Gen 2 Gen 2 and Proton Waja Waja , the car is currently only available in a three door hatchback guise ... more details
Infobox automobile name Proton Inspira image File Proton inspira truck.jpg 250px Proton Inspira manufacturer Proton car Proton production 2010 present model years 2010 present class Compact body style 4 vehicle door door sedan automobile saloon sedan predecessor Proton Waja engine 1.8 L DOHC Mitsubishi ... weight convert 1300 kg lb 1 abbr on The Proton Inspira , ref name Enter the Inspira cite web title ...?id 1671 accessdate 15 October 2010 ref or previously referred to as Proton New Sedan , ref cite ... 2010 10 13 proton p3 90a based on mitsubishi lancer preview drive title Proton P3 90A based ... produced by Malaysian carmaker Proton car Proton as the successor to the Proton Waja . The sedan car is essentially a rebadged 9th generation and current Mitsubishi Lancer . Initially, Proton s inaugural model in September 1985, the Proton Saga , was based largely on the 4th generation, and then current ... at Proton s Shah Alam plant 1.8 litre Manual, 1.8 litre CVT Automatic and 2.0 litre CVT Automatic ... With Mitsubishi Motors Corp Proton renewed a technological transfer agreement with Mitsubishi Motors , an agreement that in the mid 1980s was fundamental to Proton s origins. Mitsubishi would ..., but the investment Proton made to produce the model locally entitles it to financial incentives that allow ... in Malaysia, but Proton gets a big chunk because it has the biggest investments, including R&D. However, Proton has been criticised because taking advantage of their relationship with Mitsubishi Motors. This is because Proton has added Lotus handling and auto cruise to the Proton Inspira that makes ... MIVEC engines paired with CVTs. The engines have not been retuned for Proton, but the suspension ... by Proton s engineers has given the car sharper handling without sacrificing ride comfort. This Sedan was reproduced with a better handling than the current Lancer Lancer EX . Proton group managing director Datuk Syed Zainal Abidin Syed Mohamed Tahir has reportedly said that it would cost Proton as much ... more details
File Menthol Proton Spectrum.jpg thumb 431px Example sup 1 sup H NMR spectrum 1 dimensional of a mixture ... the Chemical structure structure shown at upper left. Proton NMR also Hydrogen 1 NMR , or sup 1 sup ... all of the hydrogen consists of the isotope sup 1 sup H hydrogen 1 i.e. having a proton for a nucleus ... the chemical shift s of each analyte proton. TMS is a tetrahedral molecular geometry tetrahedral .... Modern spectrometers are able to reference spectra based on the residual proton in the solvent e.g. ... between the lock solvent and 0 ppm TMS are well known. Proton NMR spectra of most organic ... between protons. The Integral integration curve for each proton reflects the abundance of the individual ... peak at 7.2 ppm due to the diamagnetic ring current . Together with Carbon 13 NMR , proton NMR is a powerful ... ring s contribute sp sup 2 sup hybridized carbon atoms to an aliphatic chain. This causes a downfield ... of a proton which has a signal at 1ppm. This proton is in a hypothetical molecule where three bonds away exists another proton in a CH CH group for instance , the neighbouring group a magnetic field causes ... chemical shift . In another molecule a proton resonates at 2.5 ppm and that proton would also be split into two by the proton at 1 ppm. Because the magnitude of interaction is the same the splitting ... proton each. The two doublets at 1 ppm and 2.5 ppm from the fictional molecule CH CH are now changed ... the CH peak at 2.5 ppm will be split twice by each proton from the CH sub 2 sub . The first proton will split the peak into two equal intensities and will go from one peak at 2.5 ppm to two ... intensities. However these will be split again by the second proton. The frequencies will change accordingly ... as a triplet and is an indicator that the proton is three bonds from a CH sub 2 sub group. This can ... of splitting is said to follow the n 1 rule a proton with n neighbors appears as a cluster of n 1 peaks. With 2 methylpropane, CH sub 3 sub sub 3 sub CH, as another example the CH proton is attached ... more details
Infobox automobile boxcolor red image Image Proton Waja first generation front , Serdang.jpg 250px A pre facelifted Proton Waja. name Proton Waja aka Proton Impian United Kingdom manufacturer Proton automobile Proton production 2000 2011 class Compact car Compact successor Proton Inspira body style 4 ... L Proton company Proton Campro engine Campro S4PH Straight 4 I4 br 1.8 L Renault F Type ... S40 br Mitsubishi Carisma The Proton Waja is a saloon car designed in house by Malaysia n automotive company, Proton automobile Proton , first released in August 2000. The Waja is the first Malaysian ... models. The name was chosen partly to counter the perception in the domestic market that Proton cars were durable compared to its competitors. In the United Kingdom , the Waja is sold as Proton Impian , Impian being another derivative of the Malay language, meaning dream . History The Proton Waja is the first model designed in house by Proton automobile Proton . The development of the Waja began ... was still in progress at the time of its launch and therefore Proton had to source the 4G18 engine ... in August 2000 together with the introduction of Proton s new corporate logo. Early batches .... The first minor facelift was in mid 2006 which only involved rear lights. The 2007 Proton Waja with a more substantial facelift was launched on 19 January 2007 together with the face lifted Proton Savvy ... equipment. At the end of 2005, Proton additionally introduced another variant of the Waja, known as Proton Waja Chancellor , to be used by representatives of the Association of Southeast Asian ... to that used in Proton Perdana Proton Perdana V6 , also sourced from Mitsubishi. By 2008, an updated ... Multi link with Stabiliser Bar Brake Front Rear Ventilated disc Solid Disc Safety Features File Proton ... thumb right 300px The Royal Malaysian Police Proton Waja first generation, first facelift police car . The Waja Impian is currently the only Proton car to have undergone a Euro NCAP test, receiving only ... more details
Infobox automobile image File 1995 1996 Proton Wira XLi sedan 02.jpg 250px Proton Wira name Proton Wira manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton production 1993 2007 class Compact car Compact body style 4 door ... on convert 1011 kg lb 1 abbr on The Proton Wira was a automobile car manufactured by Malaysia n carmaker Proton carmaker Proton , released as a four door saloon and four door hatchback in 1993. It is based on Mitsubishi Lancer platform. Proton made minor changes to the taillights, bumpers, and dashboard ..., all door power window, and better build material. Proton redesigned the saloon wira to make a 5 door ... carburetor and then replaced with EFi from year 98 .However in year 2001 proton replaced the Mitsubishi ... batik like designs. The Wira was to be replaced by two similar in house designed Proton cars The Proton Gen 2 launched in 2004 to replace the Aeroback hatchback variant and the Proton Persona launched in 2007 to replace the saloon variant . The Proton Waja , a saloon compact, was also launched ... demand, below the Proton Perdana . Wira is a Malay language Malay word that translates into English ... dashboard. The frontal design continues the styling first shown in the Proton Saga Saga Iswara 1992 current Proton Iswara with a fluted bonnet that tapers towards the Proton badge on the grill ... mostly the same. In 2004, Proton introduce the Wira Special Edition or known as WiSE, and planned ..., all the Wira and Satria variants included the same front bumper as the WiSE. Several Proton models ... them, the original Proton Satria Satria 3 door hatchback, the Proton Putra Putra 2 door sports coup , and the Proton Arena Arena coupe utility . In an attempt to find a suitable successor to the Wira, the Proton Gen 2 Gen 2 , a hatchback codenamed the Wira Replacement Model, was designed and developed in house by Proton, and was launched in 2004. In August 2007, the Proton Persona Persona ... replacement for the Proton Wira range. Specifications In its first series, a 1.3 litre 12 valve ... more details
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