italictitle speciesbox name Cephalerpeton fossil range Late Carboniferous , fossil range 307.1 305 genus Cephalerpeton parent authority Moodie, 1912 in paleontology 1912 authority Moodie, 1912 species ventriarmatum Cephalerpeton is an extinct genus of Late Carboniferous late Westphalian stage Westphalian stage Protorothyrididae protorothyridid known from Illinois . It is known from the holotype Peabody Museum of Natural History YPM 796, a partial skeleton . It was collected in the Mazon Creek site, from the Francis Creek Shale Member of the Carbondale Formation . It was first named by R. L. Moodie in 1912 in paleontology 1912 as a Amphibamidae amphibamid amphibian and the type species is Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum . ref name Cephalerpeton cite journal authors R. L. Moodie year 1912 title The Pennsylvanic Amphibia of the Mazon Creek, Illinois, Shales journal Kansas University Science Bulletin volume 6 issue 2 pages 232 259 ref It was first assigned to Protorothyrididae by Robert L. Carroll and Donald Baird in 1972 and this placement has been widely accepted. ref name earlyrep cite journal authors Robert L. Carroll and Donald Baird year 1972 title Carboniferous Stem Reptiles of the Family Romeriidae journal Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology volume 143 issue 5 pages 321 363 ref ref name MR06 cite journal last M ller first J. coauthors and Reisz, R. R. year 2006 title The phylogeny of early eureptiles comparing parsimony and Bayesian approaches in the investigation of a basal fossil clade journal Systematic Biology pmid 16861212 volume 55 issue 3 pages 503 511 doi 10.1080 10635150600755396 ref References reflist Reptile stub Category Prehistoric reptiles Category Fossil taxa described in 1912 ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Captorhinidans image Labidosaurus hamatus.JPG image caption Fossil of Labidosaurus Labidosaurus hamatus display parents 3 authority Carroll, 1988 subdivision ranks Suborder s subdivision Captorhinomorpha Procolophonia Pareiasauroidea Millerettid Millerosauroidea Captorhinida is a doubly paraphyletic grouping of early reptile s. Robert L. Carroll 1988 ranked it as an order in the subclass Anapsid a, composed of the following suborders ref R. L. Carroll 1988 , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution , W. H. Freeman and Company, New York ref Captorhinomorpha , containing families Protorothyrididae , Captorhinidae , Bolosauridae , Acleistorhinidae and possibly also Batropetidae Procolophonia , containing families Nyctiphruretidae , Procolophonidae and Sclerosauridae Pareiasauroidea , with families Rhipaeosauridae and Pareiasauridae Millerosauroidea , with a single family Millerettidae . While they all share primitive features and resemble the ancestors of all modern reptiles, some of these families are more closely related to or belong to the clade Parareptilia , while others are further along the line leading to diapsid s. For this reason, the group is only used informally, if at all, by most modern paleontologists. References reflist Category Prehistoric reptiles Paleo reptile stub es Captorhinida fr Captorhinida pl Captorhinida pt Captorhinida ru Captorhinida zh ... more details
italictitle speciesbox name Anthracodromeus fossil range Late Carboniferous , fossil range 307.1 305 genus Anthracodromeus parent authority Robert L. Carroll Carroll & Baird, 1972 in paleontology 1972 authority Edward Drinker Cope Cope , 1875 in paleontology 1875 originally Sauropleura species longipes Anthracodromeus is an extinct genus of Late Carboniferous late Westphalian stage Westphalian stage Protorothyrididae protorothyridid known from Ohio . It is known from the holotype American Museum of Natural History AMNH 6940, a nearly complete skeleton . It was collected in the Linton site in Jefferson County , from the upper Freeport Coal Member . A. longipes was first assigned by Edward Drinker Cope in 1875 in paleontology 1875 to a species of Sauropleura . The genus was first named by Robert L. Carroll and Donald Baird in 1972 in paleontology 1972 and the type species is Anthracodromeus longipes . ref name earlyrep cite journal authors Robert L. Carroll and Donald Baird year 1972 title Carboniferous Stem Reptiles of the Family Romeriidae journal Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology volume 143 issue 5 pages 321 363 ref References reflist Reptile stub Category Prehistoric reptiles Category Fossil taxa described in 1972 ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Eureptilians image Labidos1.jpg image caption Labidosaurikos Labidosaurikos meachami , an early eureptilian of the family Captorhinidae image width 250px fossil range Pennsylvanian Recent authority Everett C. Olson Olson , 1947 subdivision ranks Subgroups display children 1 Eureptilia true reptiles is one of the two major clade s of the Sauropsid a, the other being Anapsid a or Parareptilia . Eureptilia includes not only all Diapsid s, but also a number of primitive Permian Permo Carboniferous forms previously classified under the Anapsida, in the old no longer recognised order Cotylosauria . Primitive eureptilians were all small, superficially lizard like forms, that probably scurried through the Paleozoic undergrowth in search of insects. The diapsid s are the only eureptilian clade to continue beyond the Permian Permian Period . Eureptilia is defined by the skull having greatly reduced supraoccipital , tabular , and supratemporal bones that are no longer in contact with the postorbital . Phylogeny Cladogram modified after Muller and Reisz 2006 ref name muller&reisz2006 Muller, J. and Reisz, R.R. 2006 . The phylogeny of early eureptiles Comparing parsimony and Bayesian approaches in the investigation of a basal fossil clade. Systematic Biology , 55 3 503 511. doi 10.1080 10635150600755396 ref clade style font size 100 line height 85 label1 Reptilia 1 clade 1 Anapsida Parareptilia label2 Eureptilia 2 clade 1 Coelostegus 2 clade 1 clade 1 Thuringothyris 2 Captorhinidae 2 clade 1 Brouffia label2 Romeriida 2 clade 1 Paleothyris 2 clade 1 Hylonomus 2 clade 1 Protorothyrididae 2 Diapsida References reflist External links http www.permiantetrapods.net EUREPTILIA.html Eureptilia examples of some Permian species http www.palaeos.com Vertebrates Units 210Eureptilia 100.html Eureptilia Eureptilia Category Reptiles es Eureptilia fr Eureptilia pl Eureptilia pt Eureptilia zh ... more details
Anapsida 1 clade 1 Captorhinidae 2 Testudines label2 Romeriida 2 clade 1 Protorothyrididae ..., but not Captorhinidae and Protorothyrididae. The mesosaurs are placed outside both groups, as the sister ... 2 clade 1 Protorothyrididae 2 Diapsida In contrast, Olivier Rieppel Rieppel , 1994, 1995 Rieppel ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The term Prehistory prehistoric reptile covers a broad category that is intended to help distinguish the dinosaur s from other prehistoric reptiles. As the dinosaurs, because of their long and successful reign for many millions of years, are almost exclusively dealt with in their own category of prehistoric life . The category covers all the non dinosaurian reptiles which are often erroneously considered to be dinosaur s, such as the sea faring varieties of plesiosaur s and the flying pterosaur s. Also included are ancient crocodile s such as Deinosuchus . For information on the mammal like reptiles mammal like reptiles therapsid s and other amniote s often considered reptiles including the well known Dimetrodon , which are not part of the clade Sauropsid a with which Reptilia is generally synonymized , see Synapsid amniotes related to mammals . For information on the ancestors of reptiles, traditionally classified as labyrinthodont amphibian s, see Reptiliomorpha reptile like tetrapod s . List of prehistoric reptiles by group Early reptile s Silvanerpeton Captorhinidae Captorhinids Protorothyrididae Protorothyridids Hylonomus Early anapsid s Brazilosaurus Elginia Hylonomus Hypsognathus Labidosaurus Mesosaurus Millerettid s Milleretta Pareiasaurus Scutosaurus Bolosaurid s Pareiasaur s Bradysaurus Scutosaurus Anthodon reptile Anthodon Turtle s, tortoise s and terrapin s Archelon Meiolania Palaeotrionyx Proganochelys Pleurosternon Stupendemys Testudo atlas Early diapsid s Araeoscelida ns Petrolacosaurus Spinoaequalis Araeoscelis Avicephala ns Protoavis Longisquama Coelurosauravus Champsosaurus Youngina Thalattosauria ns Askeptosaurus Eosuchia ns Lepidosauria ns Ichthyosaur s Californosaurus Cymbospondylus Shonisaurus Ichthyosaurus Mixosaurus Ophthalmosaurus Temnodontosaurus Eurhinosaurus Plesiosaur s, placodont s, and nothosaur s Ceresiosaurus Claudiosaurus Cryptocleidus Elasmosaurus Henodus Nothosaurus Placodus Placochelys Kronosaurus ... more details
italictitle Automatic taxobox name Protorothyris fossil range Asselian , fossil range 299 294.6 image Protorothyris.jpg image width 225px authority Llewellyn Ivor Price Price , 1937 in paleontology 1937 subdivision ranks Species subdivision extinction P. archeri small Price, 1937 small P. morani small Alfred Sherwood Romer Romer , 1952 in paleontology 1952 small synonyms Melanothyris small Romer, 1952 small Protorothyris is an extinct genus of Early Permian Protorothyrididae protorothyridid known from Texas and West Virginia of the United States . It was first named by Llewellyn Ivor Price in 1937 in paleontology 1937 and the type species is Protorothyris archeri . P. archeri is known from the holotype MCZ 1532, a three dimensionally preserved skull and from the referred specimens, which come from four additional individuals, MCZ 2147 2150. All specimens were collected in the Cottonwood Creek site, from the Archer City Formation , Texas , dating to the Asselian stage of the Cisuralian Epoch geology epoch , about 299 294.6 mya unit million years ago . ref name Protorothyris cite journal authors Llewellyn Ivor Price year 1937 title Two new cotylosaurs from the Permian of Texas journal Proceedings of the New England Zo logical Club volume 11 pages 97 102 ref A second species, P. morani , was first named by Alfred Sherwood Romer in 1952 in paleontology 1952 with its own generic name, Melanothyris . ref name Melanothyris cite journal authors Alfred Sherwood Romer year 1952 title Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian Vertebrates of the Pittsburgh West Virginia Region journal Annals of Carnegie Museum volume 33 pages 47 113 ref In 1973, J. Clark and Robert L. Carroll recombined P. morani as a Protorothyris species. It is known from the holotype CM 8617, a three dimensionally preserved skull. It was collected in the Blacksville site, from the Washington Formation Asselian stage of West Virginia . ref name R.primus cite journal authors J. Clark and R. L. Carrol ... more details
italictitle speciesbox name Thuringothyris fossil range Early Permian , fossil range 284 279.5 genus Thuringothyris parent authority Boy & Martens, 1991 in paleontology 1991 authority Boy & Martens, 1991 species mahlendorffae Thuringothyris is an extinct genus of Early Permian captorhinidae captorinid known from the Free State of Thuringia of central Germany . ref name Thuringothyris cite journal authors J rgen A. Boy and Thomas Martens year 1991 title Ein neues captorhinomorphes Reptil aus dem th ringischen Rotliegend Unter Perm Ost Deutschland journal Palaeontologische Zeitschrift volume 65 issue 3 4 pages 363 389 ref ref name Thuringorev cite journal authors Johannes M ller, David S. Berman, Amy C. Henrici, Thomas Martens and Stuart S. Sumida year 2006 title The basal reptile Thuringothyris mahlendorffae Amniota Eureptilia from the Lower Permian of Germany journal Journal of Paleontology volume 80 issue 4 pages 726 739 doi 10.1666 0022 3360 2006 80 726 TBRTMA 2.0.CO 2 ref Description Thuringothyris is known from the holotype Museum of Natur Gotha MNG 7729, articulate d well preserved skull and partial postcrania l skeleton , and from the referred specimens MNG 10652, poorly preserved skull and partial vertebral column, MNG 10647, disarticulated crania l and postcranial remains of at least four individuals, MNG 10183, slightly crushed skull and partial postcranial skeleton and MNG 11191, poorly preserved skull and partial limbs. All specimens were collected from the Tambach Sandstein Member, the uppermost part of the Tambach Formation , dating to the Artinskian stage of the Late Cisuralian Series stratigraphy Series or alternatively upper Rotliegend , about 284 279.5 mya unit million years ago . They were found in the Bromacker Quarry , the middle part of the Thuringian Forest, near the village of Tambach Dietharz . ref name Thuringorev Thuringothyris was originally thought to be protorothyrididae protorothyridid . A redescription of all ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Captorhinidae fossil range Late Carboniferous Late Permian image Captorhinus aguti p.jpg image width 215px image caption Captorhinus authority E. C. Case Case , 1911 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision See text synonyms Romeriidae small Llewellyn Ivor Price Price , 1937 in paleontology 1937 small Captorhinidae also known as cotylosaurs , root reptiles or stem reptiles is one of the earliest and most basal phylogenetics basal reptile families. Description Image Labidosaurus.jpg thumb left 225px Life restoraton of Labidosaurus Labidosaurus hamatus Captorhinids are a clade of small lizard like reptiles that date from the late Carboniferous through the Permian . Their skull s were much stronger than those of their relatives, the Protorothyrididae , and had teeth that were better able to deal with tough plant material. The postcrania l skeleton is very similar to that of advanced reptiliomorph amphibians, so much in fact that the amphibian Seymouriamorpha and Diadectomorpha were thought to be reptiles and grouped together in Cotylosauria as the first reptiles in the early 20th century. ref name goodrich1916 cite journal last Goodrich first E.S. title On the classification of the Reptilia journal Proceedings of the Royal Society of London volume 89B pages 261 276 year 1916 doi 10.1098 rspb.1916.0012 ref Captorhinids have broad, robust skulls that are generally triangular in shape when seen in dorsal view. The premaxilla e are characteristically downturned. Early, smaller forms possessed single rows of teeth, while larger, more derived forms such as Captorhinus and Moradisaurus possessed multiple rows of teeth. Discovery and History Image Labidos1.jpg thumb left 225px An impression of Labidosaurikos Until recently, Concordia cunninghami was thought to be the basalmost known member of Captorhinidae. A noval phylogenic study of primitive reptile relationships by Muller & Reisz in 2006 recovered Thuringothyris as a sister taxon of the Captorhinidae, an ... more details
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