automatic taxobox taxon Prototheria fossil range Early Cretaceous Recent image Ameisenigel.jpg image width 200px image caption Short beaked Echidna authority Gill, 1872 subdivision ranks Order biology Orders subdivision Monotreme Monotremata Prototheria IPAc en icon p r o t r i from Greek pr tos , first, th r , wild animal is a taxonomic group, or taxon , to which the order Monotreme Monotremata belongs. It is conventionally ranked as a Subclass biology subclass within the mammal s. Most of the animals in this group are extinct. The egg laying monotremes are known from fossils of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods they are represented today by the platypus and several species of echidna . The names Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria meaning first beasts , changed beasts , and true beasts refer to the three mammalian groupings which have living representatives. Each of the three may be defined as a total clade containing a living crown group respectively the Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia plus any fossil species which are more closely related to that crown group than to any other living animals. The threefold division of living mammals into monotremes, marsupials and placentals was already well established when Thomas Huxley proposed the names Metatheria and Eutheria ... supercohort or an Linnaean taxonomy Taxonomic ranks infralegion , respectively. ref Prototheria, on the other ... , Docodonta and Multituberculata in a broader clade for which the name Prototheria was retained ... Prototheria as a fitting contrast to the other group of living mammals, the Theria. In theory, the Prototheria ... ar az lk m m lil r ca Prototeri cs Vejcorod et rgimetajad es Prototheria eo Ovonaskuloj eu Prototheria fr Prototh rien ko hy it Prototheria kk la Prototheria lb Kloakend ieren lij Prototheria hu Toj srak eml s k nl Prototheria ja pl Ssaki jajorodne pt Prototheria ru simple Prototheria fi Munivat nis kk t tt th ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Akidolestes cifellii fossil range Early Cretaceous regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia unranked ordo Trechnotheria ordo Symmetrodonta superfamilia Spalacotherioidea familia Spalacotheriidae genus Akidolestes genus authority Li and Luo, 2006 species A. cifellii binomial Akidolestes cifellii binomial authority Li and Luo, 2006 Akidolestes cifellii is an extinct mammal which dates to the early Cretaceous period, 124.6 million years ago. It is part of the Yixian formation in Liaoning , China . The description is based on a nearly complete skeleton , partially complete skull , and an impression. It is notable in that it displays characteristics of monotremes but appears to be more related to modern theria n mammals. Akidolestes has no modern relatives. It is an early offshoot of mammal related to therians the subclass containing marsupial s and placental s . It clearly belongs within a group of theriiform mammals known as the Spalacotherioidea . Unlike other members of this Taxonomic rank superfamily , however, Akidolestes has some very prototheria n features. Cervical rib s are present, a condition previously known only from monotremes and basal mammals such as Repenomamus and Fruitafossor . Akidolestes is also monotreme like in the shape of its pubis bone pubis , and in aspects of hindlimb posture. Overall, however, other aspects of the appendicular skeleton , tooth dental characters, and cranial characters strongly suggest that Akidolestes falls well within the Spalacotherioidea and does represent an early branch of theriiform mammal. Luo and Li suggest that these primitive characters were homoplasy reacquired in this group as a result of either Convergent evolution convergence or through a modification of a developmental pathway to a prior state. The genus name, Akidolestes , is derived from akido , Greek language Greek for point, and lestes , Greek for thief. Akido refers to the pointed Rostrum anatomy snout and lestes is a com ... more details
File DMDQ.jpg thumb Right 250px View from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry overlooking Escalante Canyon The Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry is situated in southwestern Colorado , USA , near the town of Delta, Colorado Delta . Its geology forms a part of the Morrison Formation and has famously yielded a great diversity of animal remains from the Jurassic Period geology Period , among them Ceratosaurus , Supersaurus , and Torvosaurus . The quarry is found within the Uncompahgre National Forest . History In 1971, a large theropod phalanx bones phalanx Torvosaurus tanneri http dinosaurjim.com html torvosaurus tanneri.html was discovered at Dry Mesa by Daniel and Vivian Jones http dinosaurjim.com html eddie vivian jones.html of Delta, Colorado. The find was reported to James A. Jensen http dinosaurjim.com html dry mesa quarry.html of Brigham Young University BYU who commenced quarrying operations in 1972. Under the direction of the BYU Earth Science Museum, the quarry has been excavated for 13 field seasons. Approximately 4000 bones have been collected, making it one of the most prolific dinosaur producing accumulations in the Morrison Formation . Thirty vertebrate genera are represented in the quarry including dinosaur s, a pterosaur , crocodile, turtle, lungfish , and a prototheria n mammal. Twenty three genera of dinosaurs have been found in the quarry distinguishing it as the most diverse Jurassic dinosaur assemblage. The quarry is especially recognized for its large sauropods, among which Supersaurus vivianae http dinosaurjim.com html supersaurus viviani.html and Supersaurus Ultrasaurus mcintoshi http dinosaurjim.com html ultrasaurus mcintoshi.html are the most celebrated finds Richmond and Morris, 1999 . Geology File bvolume.jpg thumb Right 250px Graph showing the relationship of dinosaur bone volume to Dry Mesa fluvial channel flow velocity The Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry of western Colorado yields one of the most diverse Upper Jurassic vertebrate assemblages in the world. This ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 This is a list of mammals of South Australia. It includes all mammals recorded in South Australia since European settlement, including some known only from subfossil remains, and including naturalised alien species. Except where otherwise referenced, this list is based upon cite book author Kemper, Catherine Reardon, Terry Queale, Lynette chapter Mammals editor Robinson, A. C. Casperson, K. D. Hutchinson, M. N. year 2000 title A list of the vertebrates of South Australia publisher Biological Survey of South Australia . ref name Kemper 2000 cite book author Kemper, Catherine Reardon, Terry Queale, Lynette chapter Mammals editor Robinson, A. C. Casperson, K. D. Hutchinson, M. N. year 2000 title A list of the vertebrates of South Australia publisher Biological Survey of South Australia ref Subclass Prototheria Order Monotremata Family Ornithorhynchidae Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus Family Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus Short beaked Echidna Subclass Marsupialia Order Dasyuromorphia Family Myrmecobiidae Myrmecobius fasciatus Numbat Original South Australian populations are extinct, but the species has since been re introduced. Family Dasyuridae Subfamily Dasyurinae Dasycercus byrnei Kowari Dasycercus cristicauda Mulgara Dasyurus geoffroii Western Quoll Extinct in South Australia Dasyurus maculatus Spotted tailed Quoll Extinct in South Australia Dasyurus viverrinus Eastern Quoll Extinct in South Australia Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis Fat tailed Pseudantechinus Subfamily Phascogalinae Antechinus flavipes Yellow footed Antechinus Antechinus minimum Swamp Antechinus Phascogale calura Red tailed Phascogale Extinct in South Australia Phascogale tapoatafa Brush tailed Phascogale Subfamily Planigalinae Ningaui ridei Wonai Ningaui Ningaui yvonneae Southern Ningaui Planigale gilesi Giles Planigale Planigale cf Planigale ingrami ingrami Long tailed Planigale Planigale tenuirostris Narrow nosed Planigale Subfamily Sminthopsinae Antechinomys la ... more details
in that order. Subclass Prototheria Order Monotremata Family Tachyglossidae echidnas Family Ornithorhynchidae ... Prototheria monotremes Order Platypoda platypuses Family Ornithorhynchidae platypuses Order Tachyglossa ... prototheria echidnas and platypus Platypus Echidnas tachyglossids Live bearing mammals theria ... more details
ref The class is divided into two subclasses not counting fossils the Prototheria order of monotremes .... Extinct groups are represented by a Dagger typography dagger . Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria ... more details
Disputed date March 2008 This is an incomplete list of prehistoric mammal s . It does not include List of mammals extant mammals or List of extinct mammals recently extinct mammals . For extinct primate species, see list of fossil primates . Mammaliaformes Image Adelobasileus BW.jpg thumb Adelobasileus Image Hadrocodium.jpg thumb Hadrocodium deleted image? Genus Adelobasileus Genus Tricuspes Genus Hadrocodium Family Sinoconodon Genus Sinoconodon Order Haramiyida Family Haramiyidae Genus Haramiya Order Morganucodontia Image Megazostrodon.jpg thumb Megazostrodon Family Morganucodontidae Genus Eozostrodon Genus Erythrotherium Family Megazostrodontidae Genus Megazostrodon Order Docodonta Late Triassic Late Jurassic Family Docodontidae Genus Castorocauda Castorocauda lutrasimilis Subclass uncertain Order Gondwanatheria Family Sudamericidae Genus Dakshina genus Dakshina Genus Gondwanatherium Genus Lavanify Genus Sudamerica Family Ferugliotheriidae Genus Ferugliotherium Subclass Prototheria Infraclass Yinotheria Image Pseudotribos BW.jpg thumb Pseudotribos Family Shuotheriidae Shuotherium Pseudotribos Order Monotremata Image Steropodon BW.jpg thumb Steropodon Cretaceous Middle Cretaceous Recent Family Ornithorhynchidae Genus Monotrematum Monotrematum sudamericanum Obdurodon Steropodon Family Kollikodontidae Genus Kollikodon Family Tachyglossidae Kryoryctes Genus Zaglossus Zaglossus hacketti Zaglossus robustus Genus Megalibgwilia Family Steropodontidae Genus Teinolophos Subclass Allotheria Order Multituberculata Late Jurassic Eocene Suborder Plagiaulacida Family Albionbaataridae Family Allodontidae Family Eobaataridae Family Hahnodontidae Family Paulchoffatiidae Family Pinheirodontidae Family Plagiaulacidae Family Zofiabaataridae Suborder Cimolodonta Superfamily Djadochtatherioidea Superfamily Taeniolabidoidea Genus Lambdopsalis Genus Prionessus Genus Sphenopsalis Genus Taeniolabis Superfamily Ptilodontoidea Genus Neoliotomus Family Eucosmodontidae Genus Eucosmodon Genus St ... more details
pp move indef Taxobox name Short beaked echidna ref name msw3 MSW3 Monotremata id 10300004 page 1 ref status LC status system iucn3.1 trend unknown status ref ref IUCN2008 assessors Aplin, K., Dickman, C., Salas, L. & Helgen, K. year 2008 id 41312 title Tachyglossus aculeatus downloaded 10 October 2008 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern ref image Wild shortbeak echidna.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia subclassis Prototheria ordo Monotreme Monotremata familia Tachyglossidae genus Tachyglossus genus authority Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger Illiger , 1811 species T. aculeatus binomial Tachyglossus aculeatus binomial authority George Shaw Shaw , 1792 range map Short beaked Echidna area.png range map caption Short beaked echidna range The short beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus , also known as the spiny anteater because of its diet of ant s and termites , is one of four living species of echidna and the only member of the genus Tachyglossus . The short beaked echidna is covered in fur and spines, and has a distinctive snout and a specialized tongue, which it uses to catch its prey at a great speed. Like the other extant monotreme s, the short beaked echidna lays egg biology eggs the monotremes are the only group of mammal s to do so. This echidna has extremely strong front limbs and claws due to its mechanical advantage , which allows it to burrow quickly with great power. As it needs to be able to survive underground, it has a great tolerance to high levels of carbon dioxide and a lack of oxygen. It has no weapons or fighting ability, and repels predators by curling into a ball and deterring opponent with its spines. The echidna lacks the ability to sweat and cannot deal with heat well, so it tends to avoid daytime activity in hot weather it can swim if needed. The snout has mechanical and electroreceptors that help it to detect what is around it. During the winter, it goes into deep torpor and ... more details
Expand list date August 2008 class wikitable style margin left 0.6em float right colspan 4 Greek alphabet colspan 4 Transliteration schemes Greek Traditional Classical Modern a a a b b v g g gh, y d d dh e e e z z, dz z e i th th th i i i c k k l l l m m m n n n x x x o o o p p p r r r s s s t t t y u i ph ph ph, f ch kh kh ps ps ps o o ae, e ai e, ai au au af, av i ei i eu eu ef, ev ng ng ng nx nx nx nc nk g, ng nch nkh nkh mp mp b, mb nt nt d, nd oe, e oi i u ou ou, u This is a list of Greek words with derivatives in English . The words are in Greek alphabetic order, with tables for the 24 Greek letters, listing thousands of related English words. id toc Contents Transliteration Transliteration Greek words with modern derivatives Greek Words with Modern Derivatives See also See also External links External links NOTOC Transliteration There are considerable differences between the various transliteration s used to represent the Greek alphabet in English Language English . The table in the sidebar shows The traditional transliteration, in other words that used in Latin , representing classical Greek this is the form in which most Greek words have made their way into English A classical transliteration, commonly used to represent more accurately the pronunciation of Ancient Greek, although traditional forms are rarely used. The modern transliteration often used for Modern Greek see transliteration of Greek into English for some variations. Rough breathing was represented in some Greek dialects by an h while in others, the h represented the vowel eta the origin of the sign is thought to be the left hand half of the letter H a rough breathing over an initial vowel or diphthong &ndash lang grc &ndash indicates that the word wa ... more details
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