In geometry , a protractor is a square, circular or semicircular tool, typically in transparent perspex ..., such as the Bevel protractor bevel protractor , have one or two swinging arms, which can be used to help measure the angle. Bevel protractor Expert subject date January 2012 A bevel protractor is a graduated circular protractor with a pivoted arm used for measuring or marking off angles ... books?id eVQPSr8nWekC&pg PA255&lpg PA255&dq bevel protractor how to use PPA253,M1 doi isbn 0831130539 ref The bevel protractor is used to establish and test angles to very close tolerances. It reads ... protractor consists of a beam, a graduated dial and a blade which is connected to a swivel plate with Vernier ... is moved. The above picture illustrates a variety of uses of the bevel protractor. Reading the Vernier scale The bevel protractor Vernier scale may have graduations of 5 minutes or 1 12 . Each space on the Vernier .... Gallery gallery Image Protractor2.jpg A half circle protractor marked in degrees 180 degrees . Image Protractor1.svg A 360 protractor marked in degrees. Image Protractor.svg Another 360 protractor marked in degrees. Image Grad protractor.png A 400 sup g sup protractor marked in Grad angle grads . Image Navigational rules types.JPG A Cras Navigation Plotter double protractor, in foreground. Image Protractor Rapporteur Degrees V3.jpg A half circle protractor marked in degrees 180 degrees . gallery See also Protractor compass Goniometer Geometry template Inclinometer Birkhoff s axioms Technical ... protractor conventional protractor.pdf Printable protractor for download 38.8 Kibibyte KiB application pdf, 39740 bytes http www.ossmann.com protractor More printable protractors http www.mathopenref.com constmeasureangle.html How to measure angles with a protractor An interactive animation http www.mathopenref.com constdrawangle.html How to draw angles with a protractor An interactive ... mitutoyo miscellaneous universalbevelprotractor.htm Picture of bevel protractor ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 The M. protractor pterygoidei et quadrati is a Skull cranial muscle which pulls the streptostylic quadrate dorsorostrally in bird s. Category Bird anatomy ... more details
A geometry template is a piece of clear plastic with cut out shapes for use in mathematics and other subjects in primary school through secondary school . It functions as a stencil , protractor , ruler , French curve and straightedge . It can also be called a mathomat. External links http www.eaieducation.com geometry templates.html Geometry templates Category Dimensional instruments Category Elementary geometry Category Mathematical tools Elementary geometry stub ... more details
File T bevel.JPG thumb T bevel with protractor and Caliper Divider caliper dividers A sliding T bevel is an adjustable gauge for setting and transferring angles. The handle is usually made of wood or plastic and is connected to a metal blade with a thumbscrew fastener thumbscrew or wing nut . The blade pivots and can be locked at any angle by loosening or tightening the thumbscrew. File Bevel2 PSF .jpg left thumb 300px In use The bevel can be used to duplicate an existing angle, or set to a desired angle by using it with any number of other measuring tools such as a protractor , Combination square , or Steel square framing square . ref name Dover1973 cite book title Tools and Their Uses page 98 author Bureau of Naval Personnel isbn 9780486220222 year 1973 publisher Dover Publications ref See also bevel References reflist Reader s Digest Book of Skills & Tools Types of tools Woodworking DEFAULTSORT Sliding T Bevel Category Angle Category Dimensional instruments Category Woodworking measuring instruments Tool stub Woodworking stub de Schmiege es Escuadra corrediza nl Zweihaak pt Suta sv Smygvinkel fi Siirtokulma ... more details
5N or 5 N may refer to 5N or 5 N, the 5th parallel north latitude 5N Plus Inc. , Canadian metals manufacturer Saturn C 5N , a rocket Nigeria , aircraft registration code Aeroflot Nord IATA airline designator NJ 5N, renamed New Jersey Route 53 F 5N, a model of Northrop F 5 MP 5N, a model of Heckler & Koch MP5 SSH 5N WA Washington State Route 161 F4U 5N, a model of Vought F4U Corsair F6F 5N, a model of Grumman F6F Hellcat AD 5N, a model of Douglas A 1 Skyraider 8A 5N, a model of Northrop A 17 M 5N, a model of Suunto protractor compass 5N, a model of HP LaserJet 5 See also N5 disambiguation Letter NumberCombDisambig de 5N fr 5N ... more details
dicdef refimprove date May 2011 School supplies are items and small equipment commonly used by a student especially a student in primary education primary and secondary education in the course of their studies. The term may be used to include not only stationery but such items as pocket calculator s, compass drafting compasses and protractor s, lunchbox es, and the like. ref http www.streamlinedsalestax.org uploads downloads IP 20Issue 20Papers IP04001 school related supplies ip 7 29 04.pdf Streamlined Sales Tax Project Definitions for School Related Supplies SSTP Recommendations for Amendment to Agreement July 29, 2004 ref ref http www.tax.virginia.gov site.cfm?alias SchoolSuppliesandClothingHolidayFAQs Virginia Department of Taxation School Supplies and Clothing FAQs ref References reflist education stub Category Education ko ja ... more details
dablink In American English , a set square is an alternative name for a T square . Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Reglas.svg thumb 250px triangle, set square A set square or triangle American English is an object used in engineering and technical drawing , with the aim of providing a straightedge at a right angle or other particular planar angle to a baseline . The most simple form of set square is a triangular piece of transparent plastic or formerly of polished wood with the centre removed. More commonly the set square bears the markings of a ruler and a half circle protractor . The outer edges are typically bevel led. These set squares come in two usual forms, both right triangle s one with 90 45 45 degree angles, the other with 30 60 90 degree angles. Combining the two forms by placing the hypotenuses together will also yield 15 and 75 angles. They are often purchased in packs with protractor s and Compass drafting compasses . Less commonly found is the adjustable set square. Here, the body of the object is cut in half and rejoined with a hinge marked with angles. Adjustment to the marked angle will produce any desired angle up to a maximum of 180 . See also Technical drawing tools commons category Set squares Category Technical drawing Category Tools ay K uchu tupu a ca Cartab cs Troj heln k r sovac pom cka de Geodreieck es Juego de escuadras eu Eskuaira fa fr Demi carr gl Escuadro instrumento nl Geodriehoek ja pl Ekierka pt Esquadro sl Geotrikotnik tr G nye zh ... more details
A mathematical instrument is a tool or device used in the study or practice of mathematics . In geometry , construction of various proofs was done using only a compass drafting compass and straight edge arguments in these proofs relied only on idealized properties of these instruments and literal construction was regarded as only an approximation. In applied mathematics , mathematical instruments were used for measuring angles and distances, in astronomy , surveying and in the measurement of time. ref name GLT98 Gerard L Estrange Turner Scientific Instruments, 1500 1900 An Introduction University of California Press, 1998 ISBN 0520217284 page 8 ref Instruments such as the astrolabe , the Quadrant instrument quadrant , and others were used to measure and accurately record the relative positions and movements of planets and other celestial objects. The sextant and other related instruments were essential for navigation at sea. Most instruments are used within the field of geometry , including the ruler , Caliper Divider caliper dividers , protractor , set square , compass, Ellipse Other methods ellipsograph , T square and opisometer . Others are used in arithmetic for example the abacus , slide rule and calculator or in algebra the integraph . In astronomy, many have said the pyramids along with Stonehenge were actually instruments used for tracking the stars over long periods or for the annual planting seasons. In schools The Oxford Set of Mathematical Instruments is a set of instruments used by generations of school children in the United Kingdom and around the world in mathematics and geometry lessons. It includes two set squares, a 180 protractor, a 15cm ruler, a metal compass, a 9cm pencil, a pencil sharpener, an eraser and a 10mm stencil. See also The Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments Dividing engine Measuring instrument Planimeter References references Category Mathematical tools math stub hi ... more details
Image Oxford Set of Mathematical Instruments.jpg thumb right Contents of the Oxford Set of Mathematical Instruments The Oxford Set of Mathematical Instruments is a set of mathematical instrument instruments used by generations of school children in the United Kingdom and around the world in mathematics and geometry lessons. The set is marketed in over 100 countries by Helix, a company based in Stourbridge , West Midlands region West Midlands . It consists of a metal tin embossed on the front with a drawing of Balliol College and the words THE HELIX OXFORD SET OF MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPLETE & ACCURATE in white against a blue background. Inside the tin there are two set square set squares , a 180 protractor , a 15cm ruler , a metal Compass drafting compass , a 9cm pencil , a pencil sharpener , an eraser and a 10mm stencil . There is also a fact sheet and glossary of mathematical terms with a school timetable printed on the back. The export version also includes Caliper Divider caliper dividers . External links http www.helix.co.uk page.php?xPage promo.html&url oxford Mathematical Instruments at Helix.co.uk Category Dimensional instruments Category Mathematical tools Category School terminology ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A rolling ruler is a ruler that contains a cylinder geometry cylinder much like a rolling pin inside, thereby enabling it to roll along a sheet of paper or other surface where it is being used. A rolling ruler can draw straight, parallel lines, and also has other instruments included, enabling it to do the jobs of a protractor and compass drafting compass . ref cite book title Landscaping Principles and Practices author Jack E. Ingels chapter Using Drawing Instruments publisher Cengage Learning date 2003 isbn 1401834108 isbn13 9781401834104 pages 11 ref ref cite book title Measure Twice, Cut Once author Jim Tolpin pages 24 chapter drawing techniques publisher Popular Woodworking Books date 2007 isbn 155870809X isbn13 9781558708099 ref References references Category Drawing tool stub ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 File Set square1.jpg thumb 300px Combination square with standard head Image CombinationSquareSet.jpg thumb 300px A Combination Square consisting of the ruler, 45 holder, protractor and center square A combination square is a tool used for multiple purposes in woodworking , stonemasonry and metalworking . It is composed of a Ruler ruled blade and one or more interchangeable heads that may be affixed to it. ref name Campbell cite book last Campbell first Paul D. Q. title An introduction to measuration and calibration year 1995 publisher Industrial Press Inc isbn 9780831130602 ref The most common head is the standard or square head which is used to lay out or check right angle right and 45 angles. ref name Campbell Uses Measuring angles &mdash A combination square can reliably measure 90 and 45 angles. The 45 angle is used commonly in creating miter joint s. Determining flatness &mdash When working with wood the first step is to designate a Surface plate reference surface on a board which is known as the face side. The rest of the workpiece is measured from the face side with the next surface being the face edge. Measuring the center of a circular bar or dowel . The rule is assembled through the center of the center square, the two cast iron legs of the center square are then placed against the outside of the bar dowel allowing a center line to be scribed alongside the ruler. Perform this action at two locations and the intersecting lines will approximate the center of the bar dowel . Protractor head allows angles to be set and measured between the base and ruler. A rudimentary level for approximating level surfaces is incorporated in the protractor and also the 45 holder. By moving and setting the head, it can be used as a depth gauge or to transfer dimensions. Marking the work surface with the included Scribe Point stored in a drilled hole in the Square Base. In woodworking, the starting raw material is neither flat nor square, however, the ... more details
Image Compasses orienteering.jpg thumb right Thumb compass on left A thumb compass is a type of compass commonly used in orienteering , a sport in which map reading and terrain association are paramount. Consequently, most thumb compasses have minimal or no degree markings at all, and are normally used only to orient the map to magnetic north. Thumb compasses are also often transparency optics transparent so that an orienteer can hold a map in the hand with the compass and see the map through the compass. Thumb compasses attach to one s thumb using a small elastomer elastic band. The first commercially successful orienteering thumb compass was the Norcompass, introduced by Suunto in 1983. ref http www.cpearce.orconhosting.net.nz Archive AOC COC NovDec 83 OCR.pdf ref The Gear Junkie, a syndicated newspaper columnist in the United States, has an in depth review of thumb compasses. ref http thegearjunkie.com the thumb compass The Gear Junkie, September 2005, Gear Review The Thumb Compass ref Placing an even greater emphasis on speed over accuracy, the wrist compass lacks even a baseplate, consisting solely of a needle capsule strapped to the carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb the thumb serves the function of a baseplate when taking and sighting bearings. It is often used for city and park race orienteering . See also Protractor compass Hand compass External links http www.silva.se templates Products 106.aspx?epslanguage EN&productId 68EECE64 791D 4D80 A3D1 1D17D0670FF6 Silva 6 Jet Spectra , a typical modern thumb compass http www.compassmuseum.com The Internet Compass Museum gives comprehensive information about all sorts of compasses and how to use them. References reflist Orienteering type concepts Category Orienteering Category Sports equipment sport equipment stub Orienteering stub ... more details
Image Parallel rule.jpg thumb Parallel rule in plastic with aluminum arms. Parallel rulers are a Technical drawing drafting instrument used by navigators to draw parallel lines on charts. The tool consists of two straight edges joined by two arms which allow them to move closer or further away while always remaining parallel to each other. History The parallel ruler was invented in about 1584 by Fabrizio Mordente , but it was not in common use until the 18th century. ref name NMM cite web url http www.nmm.ac.uk collections explore object.cfm?ID NAV0602 title Captain Field s Improved Parallel NAV0602 National Maritime Museum publisher www.nmm.ac.uk accessdate 2009 06 23 ref File FieldsParallelRule.jpg thumb right Captain Field s Improved Parallel Rule In the 19th century, a Captain William Andrew Field c. 1796 1871 improved the design by adding a protractor style scale to the upper edge of one rule, and compass points to the opposing edge, which made reading bearings easier. ref name NMM Examples exist of buxus boxwood , ivory or ebony , usually with brass hinges. ref name NMM ref cite web url http www.nmm.ac.uk collections explore object.cfm?ID NAV0601 title Parallel rule NAV0601 National Maritime Museum publisher www.nmm.ac.uk accessdate 2009 06 23 ref The instrument usually had two links, but longer models sometimes had three, ref name MIM cite web url http www.mathsinstruments.me.uk page39.html title Parallels publisher www.mathsinstruments.me.uk accessdate 2009 06 23 ref and sometimes the links were scissors scissored . ref cite web url http www.nmm.ac.uk collections explore object.cfm?ID NAV0618 title Parallel rule NAV0618 National Maritime Museum publisher www.nmm.ac.uk accessdate 2009 06 23 ref Another variation is the roller model which included a cylindrical roller for ease of use. ref name MIM See also Technical drawing tools References reflist External links http boatsafe.com navigation rules1.htm How to use parallel rulers Category Navigation naval stub ... more details
sail ships can only make slow progress against the wind by tacking . A protractor is used to measure the angle between the wind direction and the ship direction and hence determine ship speed. The protractor ... more details
. Image Baseplatecompass.jpg thumb left Protractor compass , first introduced in Sweden ... a new compass design, the protractor compass . Until the introduction of the thumb compass , the protractor ... more details
In 1932, George David Birkhoff G. D. Birkhoff created a set of four postulate s of Euclidean geometry sometimes referred to as Birkhoff s axioms . These postulates are all based on basic geometry that can be confirmed experimentally with a Vernier scale scale and protractor . Since the postulates build upon the real number s, the approach is similar to a model theory model based introduction to Euclidean geometry. Other often used axiomizations of plane geometry are Hilbert s axioms and Tarski s axioms . Birkhoff s axiom system was utilized in the secondary school text Basic Geometry first edition, 1940 see References . Postulates Postulate I Postulate of Line Measure . A set of points A, B , ... on any line can be put into a 1 1 correspondence with the real number s a, b , ... so that b &minus a d A, B for all points A and B . Postulate II Point Line Postulate . There is one and only one line, , that contains any two given distinct points P and Q . Postulate III Postulate of Angle Measure . A set of rays , m, n , ... through any point O can be put into 1 1 correspondence with the real numbers a mod 2 so that if A and B are points not equal to O of and m , respectively, the difference a sub m sub &minus a sub sub mod 2 of the numbers associated with the lines and m is math angle math AOB . Furthermore, if the point B on m varies continuously in a line r not containing the vertex O , the number a sub m sub varies continuously also. Postulate IV Postulate of Similarity . Given two triangles ABC and A B C and some constant k 0, d A , B kd A, B , d A , C kd A, C and math angle math B A C math angle math BAC , then d B , C kd B, C , math angle math C B A math angle math CBA , and math angle math A C B math angle math ACB . ... more details
otheruses Unreferenced date May 2009 Marking out or layout is the process of transferring a design or pattern to a workpiece, as the first step in the manufacturing process. It is performed in many industries or hobbies although in the repetition industries the machine s initial setup is designed to remove the need to mark out every individual piece. Manufacturing Marking out consists of transferring the dimensions from the Technical drawing plan to the workpiece in preparation for the next step, machining or manufacture. Typical tools include Surface plate or marking out table &mdash provides a wikt true true surface from which to work Angle plate s &mdash assist in holding the workpiece perpendicular to the table Scriber &mdash is the equivalent of a pen or pencil. It literally scratches the metal surface leaving behind a fine, bright line Height gauge or scribing block &mdash allows lines to be scribed at a preset distance, from the tables surface Surface gage &mdash an ungraduated comparison measuring tool that performs much the same function as the vernier height gage. It is often used in conjunction with a dial indicator and a precision height gage. Marking blue &mdash to provide a usable writing surface by covering any existing scratches and providing a contrasting background Profile gauge Protractor &mdash to assist in the transfer of angle angular measurements Combination square &mdash an alternative tool for transferring angular measurements Machinist square Square &mdash to transfer 90 angles to the workpiece Punch engineering Punches &mdash either prick manufacturing prick or punch engineering center punch to create permanent marks or dimples for drill bit s to start in Automatic center punch &mdash a spring loaded punch that creates prick punch marks without the need for a ball peen hammer Ball peen hammer &mdash used in conjunction with the punches to provide the striking blow needed Caliper Divider caliper Dividers or measuring compass &mdash for crea ... more details
unsourced date September 2010 Range of motion or ROM , is the distance linear or angular that a movable object may normally travel while properly attached to another It is also called range of travel , particularly when talking about mechanical devices and in mechanical engineering fields. For example, a sound level volume Control knob knob a rotation rotary fader may have a 300 range of travel from the off or mute d fully attenuate d position at lower left, going clockwise to its full scale maximum loudness position at lower right. As used in the biomedical and Powerlifting weightlifting communities, range of motion refers to the distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting to increase this distance through therapeutic exercises range of motion therapy stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain is also sometimes called range of motion. Measuring range of motion Each specific joint has a normal range of motion that is expressed in degrees. Devices to measure range of motion in the joints of the body include the goniometer and inclinometer which use a stationary arm, protractor, fulcrum, and movement arm to measure angle from axis of the joint. As measurement results will vary by the degree of resistance, two levels of range of motion results are recorded in most cases. Limited range of motion Limited range of motion refers to a joint that has a reduction in its ability to move. The reduced motion may be a mechanical problem with the specific joint or it may be caused by injury or diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other types of arthritis. Pain, swelling, and stiffness associated with arthritis can limit the range of motion of a particular joint and impair function and the ability to perform usual daily activities. Range of motion exercises Occupational therapy can help to improve joint function by focusing on range of motion exercises. The goal of these e ... more details
for the village in Cumbria Linstock, Cumbria Image Linstock pskov.jpg thumb A linstock File Canon firing mvi 3662.ogg thumb Firing of a field gun of the early 17th century with a linstock A linstock also called a lintstock is a staff with a fork at one end to hold a lighted slow match . The name was adapted from the Dutch language Dutch lontstok , match stick . ref cite web url http dictionary.reference.com browse Linstock title Linstock Definition & 124 Definition of Linstock at Dictionary.com publisher Dictionary.reference.com date accessdate 2009 11 05 ref Linstocks were used for discharging cannons in the early days of artillery the linstock allowed the gunner to stand further from the cannon ref 1911 ref as it was dangerous applying the lighted match to the touch hole at the breech of the gun. Design Linstocks had serpentine jaws to grip the slow match and a sharp point at the base to stick in the ground. ref cite web author Duncan I MacLeod url http www.dimacleod.co.uk history ecwshots.htm title The Artillery Garden publisher Dimacleod.co.uk date 2003 03 14 accessdate 2009 11 05 ref In emergencies gunners could use the spear blade as a weapon to defend the cannon. ref cite web url http books.google.com books?id X2vvS698p4C&pg PA9&lpg PA9&dq artillery linstock&source web&ots EXiaV5 pU&sig pMazXpjK1o2iZ QUjemTn4ViTm4&hl en&sa X&oi book result&resnum 3&ct result title Don Troiani s soldiers in America ... Google Books publisher Books.google.com date accessdate 2009 11 05 ref Like most early modern military equipment the linstock had a second function 16th century examples had measurements in inches and a protractor engraved on the blade to allow the gun captain to check the angle. Obsolescence By the 18th century flintlock firing devices had been introduced, rendering the artillery linstock obsolete ref cite web url http www.answers.com topic linstock title linstock Definition from publisher Answers.com date accessdate 2009 11 05 ref though the linstock remained ... more details
Image Dioptra principe.jpg right thumb 384px Three stages in the evolution of the dioptra, from a simple horizontal sight, to a multi angle measuring tool A dioptra lang el is a Hellenistic civilization classical astronomical and surveying instrument, dating from the 3rd century BCE. The dioptra was a sighting tube or, alternatively, a rod with a sight at both ends, attached to a stand. If fitted with protractor s, it could be used to measure angles . Use Greek astronomy Greek astronomers used the dioptra to astrometry measure the positions of stars both Euclid and Geminus refer to the dioptra in their astronomical works. By the time of Ptolemy 2nd century CE , it was obsolete as an astronomical instrument, having been replaced by the armillary sphere . It continued in use as an effective surveying tool. Adapted to surveying, the dioptra is similar to the theodolite , or surveyor s transit, which dates to the sixteenth century. It is a more accurate version of the Groma surveying groma . The dioptra may have been sophisticated enough, for example, to construct a tunnel through two opposite points in a mountain. There is some speculation that it may have been used to build the Eupalinian aqueduct . Called one of the greatest engineering achievements of ancient times, it is a tunnel 1,036 meters 4,000 ft long, excavated through Mount Kastro on the Greek island of Samos Island Samos , in the 6th century BCE during the reign of Polycrates . Scholars disagree whether the dioptra was available that early. ref name Apostol cite web last Apostol first Tom M. title The Tunnel of Samos url http eands.caltech.edu articles LXVII1 samos.html publisher caltech.edu accessdate 19 June 2011 Also in PDF form http pr.caltech.edu periodicals EandS articles LXVII1 Apostol 20Feature 20 Samos .pdf ref An entire book about the construction and surveying usage of the dioptra is credited to Hero of Alexandria also known as Heron a brief description of the book is ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Pseudo City image Image Pseudocity.jpg 200px author D. Harlan Wilson cover artist Brandon Duncan country United States language English language English series genre Irrealism , Bizarro , Postmodernism novel publisher Raw Dog Screaming Press release date 2005 media type Print pages 226 pp isbn 1 933293 02 0 preceded by Stranger on the Loose followed by Dr. Identity Pseudo City 2005 is the third book by United States American author D. Harlan Wilson . Referred to as a novel as often as a collection of stories Wilson himself has called it a story cycle it contains twenty nine irreal short stories and flash fiction that overlap and feature recurrent characters. Pieces in this collection originally appeared in magazines and journals such as Albedo one , The Dream People , Red Cedar Review , Nemonymous , Milk Magazine and Bust Down the Door and Eat All the Chickens . Cover Description In Pseudofoliculitis City nothing is as it seems and everything is as it should be. Today s forecast calls for extreme confrontation, with sandwich flurries and the threat of handlebar moustache s to the west. By turns absurd and surrealism surreal , dark and challenging, Pseudo City exposes what waits in the bathroom stall, under the manhole cover and in the corporate boardroom, all in a way that can only be described as mind bogglingly irreal. Set in an imaginary, post real metropolis, this book delivers a hauntingly satirical version of our own mediatized reality. Table of Contents Pseudofolliculitis City Hairware, Inc. Synchronicity III The Rorschach Interpreter Portrait of the Founder The Meeting The Thumb Extermination Dandies & Fl neurs Classroom Dynamics In the Bathroom The Widow s Peaks Duel Deli Intermezzo Bourgeois Man Cereal Killers Fascists The Autopsy Protractor Men Haberdashery The Personalities The Other Pedestrian PCP The Snore The Kitchen When The Law Has Spoken The Stick Figure Horoscope Ext ... more details
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