Image Cyathium cross2 ies no letters.jpg thumbs right 400px Euphorbia tridentata , cross section of a cyathium. A cyathium plural cyathia is one of the specialised Pseudanthium pseudanthia false flowers forming the inflorescence of plants in the genus Euphorbia Euphorbiaceae . A cyathium consists of Five rarely four bracteoles. These are small, united bract s, which form a cup like involucre. Their upper tips are free and in the beginning cover the opening of the involucre like the shutter of a camera . These alternate with Five 1 to 10 nectar gland s, which are sometimes fused. One extremely reduced female flower standing in the centre at the base of the involucre, consisting of an ovary plants ovary on a short stem with pistil , and surrounded by Five groups one group at the base of each bracteole of extremely reduced male flowers, which each consist of a single anther on a stem. The flower like characteristics of the cyathia are underlined by brightly coloured nectar glands and often by petal like appendages to the nectar glands, or brightly coloured, petal like bracts positioned under the cyathia. The paired petal like bracts in the sub family Euphorbia section Goniostema are called cyathophylls . The cyathia are sometimes solitary, but are usually in Cyme botany cymes , inflorescences of the second order, in pseudumbels, on dichotomously branched stalks or in so called simple cymes which consist of one central and two lateral cyathia. In one group of Madagascan species in the sub family Euphorbia section Goniostema E. aueoviridiflora , E. capmanambatoensis , E. iharanae , E. leuconeura , E. neohumbertii , E. viguieri there is a tendency for a further pseudanthium to grow from the cyme. Probably as an adaptation to pollination by bird s, the cyathia have become specialised Most cyathia have upright cyathophylles which surround them protectively, but render the nectar glands inaccessible. To compensate, between them are naked sterile cyathia whose only job is to ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Eryngium species E. mathiasiae binomial Eryngium mathiasiae binomial authority Sheikh Eryngium mathiasiae is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae carrot family known by the common name Mathias eryngo , or Mathias button celery . It is Endemism endemic to the Modoc Plateau of northeastern California , where it grows in the vernal pool s of the local river drainages, and other wet areas such as ditches. This is an erect perennial herb 30 to 40 centimeters tall. There is a basal rosette of long lance shaped leaves, the blades up to 17 centimeters long and lined with sharp pointed serrations or lobes, borne on Petiole botany petioles several centimeters in length. The inflorescence is an array of Pseudanthium flower heads , each surrounded by sharp, spined bract s. The greenish flower heads bloom in small, white petals. The plant was named for American botanist Mildred E. Mathias . ref http www.botgard.ucla.edu html bg am pn.html Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden, UCLA ref References reflist External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,392,402 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ERMA10 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Eryngium mathiasiae Photo gallery Category Flora of California Category Eryngium mathiasiae Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Eryngium species E. pinnatisectum binomial Eryngium pinnatisectum binomial authority Willis Linn Jepson Jeps. Eryngium pinnatisectum is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae carrot family known by the common name Tuolumne eryngo , or Tuolumne button celery . It is Endemism endemic to California , where it is known from the eastern Central Valley California Central Valley and adjacent Sierra Nevada U.S. Sierra Nevada foothills . It is a plant of vernal pool s and similar wet habitat in the hills and grasslands. This is an erect Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb growing up to half a meter tall with a thick, hairless pale green branching stem. The greenish white leaves are long and very narrow, lance shaped with several sharp lobes, reaching 30 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an array of spherical Pseudanthium flower heads , each surrounded by sharp pointed, narrow bract s with thickened edges. The pale greenish flowers in the globelike head bloom in white petals. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,392,403 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ERPI4 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Eryngium pinnatisectum Photo gallery Category Eryngium pinnatisectum Category Flora of California Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox image Saniculaarguta1.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. arguta binomial Sanicula arguta binomial authority John Merle Coulter J.M.Coult. & Joseph Nelson Rose Rose Sanicula arguta is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names sharptooth sanicle and sharptooth blacksnakeroot . It is native to the coastal hills and mountains of the southern half of California and Baja California , where it grows in many types of local habitat. It is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot resembling a turnip . The plant is mostly erect, growing up to half a meter tall. The leaves are up to 10 centimeters long and are divided into several sharp toothed lobes. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, golden yellow petals. The prickly fruits are about half a centimeter long. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,521 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SAAR10 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula arguta Photo gallery Category Sanicula arguta Category Flora of Baja California Category Flora of California Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox status G2 status system TNC regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. maritima binomial Sanicula maritima binomial authority Albert Kellogg Kellogg ex Sereno Watson S.Watson Sanicula maritima is a rare species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names adobe sanicle and adobe snakeroot . It is Endemism endemic to California , where it is known from just a few occurrences on the Central Coast of California Central Coast . Its habitat includes moist coastal meadows and canyons. It is a Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb growing to a maximum height near 40 centimeters from a taproot . The green to yellowish leaves are simple or divided into a number of lobes, smooth edged or toothed. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals. The prickly fruits are about half a centimeter long each. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,528 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SAMA3 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula maritima Photo gallery Category Sanicula maritima Category Flora of California Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. peckiana binomial Sanicula peckiana binomial authority J.F.Macbr. Sanicula peckiana is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names Peck s sanicle and Peck s blacksnakeroot . It is native to the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon and far northern California , where it grows in chaparral and woodland habitat, often on serpentine soil s. It is a Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb growing to a maximum height near 40 centimeters. The leaves are simple or divided into a number of lobes, the edges generally with sharp teeth. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals. The fruits are borne singly or in heads of up to five, each fruit covered in bumpy tubercles and sometimes with prickles near the tip. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,529 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SAPE7 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula peckiana Photo gallery Category Sanicula peckiana Category Flora of California Category Flora of Oregon Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. tracyi binomial Sanicula tracyi binomial authority Shan & Constance Sanicula tracyi is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names Tracy s sanicle and Tracy s blacksnakeroot . It is Endemism endemic to northwestern California , where it is known from woodlands and temperate coniferous forest coniferous forest in hills and mountains. It is a Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb producing a slender stem up to about 60 centimeters tall from a taproot . The leaves are compound, divided into usually three leaflets which are deeply cut into lobes and serrated along the edges. The herbage is green to purple in color. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals. The fruits are 2 or 3 millimeters long, each fruit covered in bumpy tubercles and sometimes with prickles near the tip. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,531 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SATR3 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula tracyi Photo gallery Category Sanicula tracyi Category Flora of California Apiaceae stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Hydrothrix image image caption regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Monocotyledon Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Commelinales familia Pontederiaceae genus Hydrothrix genus authority Joseph Dalton Hooker Hook.f. , 1887 ref http aob.oxfordjournals.org content os 1 2 89.extract On Hydrothrix, a new genus of Pontederiaceae, J. D. Hooker, Ann. Bot. London 1 pages 89 94, Nov 1887 ref type species H. gardneri type species authority Hook.f. subdivision ranks Species subdivision synonyms Hookerina gardneri Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2 718. 1891 br Hydrothrix verticillaris Hydrothrix is a monotypic flowering plant genus in the family Pontederiaceae . The highly modified Hydrothrix gardneri is a submerged aquatic with a two flowered pseudanthium found in Eastern Brazil. It is used as an aquarium plant. See also List of freshwater aquarium plant species References reflist External links commons wikispecies http keys.lucidcentral.org keys aquariumplants2 Aquarium & Pond Plants of the World key Aquarium & Pond Plants Media Html Fact sheets hydrothrix.html Hydrothrix on keys.lucidcentral.org Category Pontederiaceae Category Plants described in 1887 Commelinales stub ... more details
italic title taxobox name Eryngium castrense regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Eryngium species E. castrense binomial Eryngium castrense binomial authority Willis Linn Jepson Jeps. Eryngium castrense is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae carrot family known by the common name Great Valley eryngo , or Great Valley button celery . This plant is Endemism endemic to California , where it grows in wet areas such as vernal pool s and ponds in the central part of the state. This is a heavily branched, spiny Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous herb reaching maximum heights of around half a meter. It produces light green to grayish green hairless stems with occasional lobed, oval shaped leaves. At the tops of the stems are Pseudanthium flower heads one to one and a half centimeters wide and rounded or egg shaped. At the base of each head is an array of 7 to 9 spiny, pointed bract s up to three centimeters long, and sometimes a few smaller bractlets above. The rounded flower head contains many small white to light purple flowers. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,392,400 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ERCA33 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Eryngium castrense Photo gallery Category Flora of California Category Eryngium campestre Apiaceae stub ... more details
italic title taxobox name Eryngium constancei status G1 status system TNC regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Eryngium species E. constancei binomial Eryngium constancei binomial authority Y. Sheikh Eryngium constancei is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae carrot family known by the common name Loch Lomond button celery , or Loch Lomond coyote thistle . It is Endemism endemic to California , where it is known from only three occurrences north of the San Francisco Bay Area . One of the populations is at the Loch Lomond Vernal Pool Ecological Reserve at Loch Lomond California Loch Lomond in Lake County, California Lake County . The plant appears mainly in vernal pool s. It is endangered species endangered on the state and federal levels. Description This is a hairy, somewhat fleshy, Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous herb growing branching stems to 20 or 30 centimeters in height. Dark green, narrowly spade shaped leaves grow on long Petiole botany petioles and may grow erect with the stems or lie flat along the ground. They may have smooth to toothed to sharply serrated edges. Pseudanthium Flower heads are less than a centimeter wide with a few longer, straight, sharp bract s around the base. The tiny flowers packed into the rounded head are generally white. This plant is threatened by destruction of its fragile vernal pool habitat by a number of causes, including sediment rich runoff into the pools from logging activity, erosion, development, and off road vehicles . External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,392,401 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ERCO39 USDA Plants Profile http www.centerforplantconservation.org ASP CPC ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum 1817 Center for Plant Conservation Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Eryngium constancei Photo gallery Category ... more details
taxobox image Saniculabipinnatifida.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. bipinnatifida binomial Sanicula bipinnatifida binomial authority David Douglas Douglas ex William Jackson Hooker Hook. Sanicula bipinnatifida is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names purple sanicle , purple blacksnakeroot , and shoe buttons . It is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to Baja California , where it can be found in many types of habitat, including grassland , woodlands, and mountain slopes of serpentine soil s. It is a perennial herb growing to a maximum height near 60 centimeters from a taproot . It is bright green to dark purple in color. The leaves are borne on long Petiole botany petioles , measuring up to 19 centimeters long with blades divided into several toothed lobes. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, reddish, purple, or yellow petals. The prickly fruits are a few millimeters long. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,523 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SABI3 USDA Plants Profile http biology.burke.washington.edu herbarium imagecollection.php?Genus Sanicula&Species bipinnatifida Washington Burke Museum http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula bipinnatifida Photo gallery Category Sanicula bipinnatifida Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox image Sanicula crassicaulis 6728.JPG image caption var. tripartita regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. crassicaulis binomial Sanicula crassicaulis binomial authority Eduard Friedrich Poeppig Poepp. ex Augustin Pyramus de Candolle DC. Sanicula crassicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names Pacific sanicle and Pacific blacksnakeroot . It is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to Baja California , where it can be found in many types of habitat, including mountain slopes, grassland , and woodlands. It is a perennial herb producing a thick stem up to 1.2 meters tall from a taproot . The leaves have blades up to 12 centimeters long which are divided into a few deep lobes and edged with small teeth. The inflorescence is made up of one or more heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals. Each Pseudanthium head has approximately five leaflike, lance shaped bract s at its base. The rounded fruits are a few millimeters long, covered in curving prickles, and borne in small clusters. Commons Sanicula crassicaulis External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,524 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SACR2 USDA Plants Profile http biology.burke.washington.edu herbarium imagecollection.php?Genus Sanicula&Species crassicaulis Washington Burke Museum http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula crassicaulis Photo gallery Category Sanicula crassicaulis Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. graveolens binomial Sanicula graveolens binomial authority Eduard Friedrich Poeppig Poepp. ex Augustin Pyramus de Candolle DC. Sanicula graveolens is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names northern sanicle and Sierra blacksnakeroot . It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Montana to California , and southern South America, including southern Chile . Its habitat includes mountain slopes, forests, and woodlands on serpentine soil s. It is a Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb producing a slender, branching stem up to half a meter tall from a taproot . The leaves are compound, the blades each divided into three deeply lobed, toothed leaflets. The herbage is green to purple tinged to all purple in color. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals. Each head has an array of narrow, toothed bract s at its base. The rounded fruits are a few millimeters long, covered in curving prickles, and borne in small clusters. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,525 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SAGR5 USDA Plants Profile http biology.burke.washington.edu herbarium imagecollection.php?Genus Sanicula&Species graveolens Washington Burke Museum http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula graveolens Photo gallery Category Sanicula graveolens Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox status G2 status system TNC regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. saxatilis binomial Sanicula saxatilis binomial authority Edward Lee Greene Greene Sanicula saxatilis is a rare species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common names rock sanicle and devil s blacksnakeroot . It is Endemism endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area of California , where it is known only from Mount Diablo and Mount Hamilton California Mount Hamilton . Its habitat is mostly rocky chaparral slopes and scree talus . Although it is rare, most occurrences are in remote mountainous locales that are relatively safe from disturbance. ref http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Sanicula saxatilis The Nature Conservancy ref This is a Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb producing a thick stem 10 to 25 centimeters tall from a spherical tuber . The leaves are compound, each divided into three leaflets which are deeply cut into serrated lobes. The herbage is green to purple and sometimes waxy in texture. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, pale Salmon color salmon pink , yellowish or Straw colour straw colored petals. The fruits are a few millimeters wide and covered in bumps and sometimes bristles. References reflist External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,530 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SASA3 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula saxatilis Photo gallery Category Sanicula saxatilis Category Flora of California Apiaceae stub ... more details
taxobox image Saniculatuberosa.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Sanicula species S. tuberosa binomial Sanicula tuberosa binomial authority John Torrey Torr. Sanicula tuberosa is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae parsley family known by the common name turkey pea . It is native to western North America from Oregon through California to Baja California , where it can be found in many types of habitat, including chaparral , forests, and woodlands. It is variable in appearance. In general, it is a Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb producing a slender stem up to 80 centimeters long from a small, spherical tuber no more than 2 centimeters wide. The leaves are compound, divided into usually three leaflets which are smooth or deeply cut into lobes. The herbage is green to purple in color. The inflorescence is made up of one or more Pseudanthium heads of plant sexuality bisexual and stamen male only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals. The fruits are 1 or 2 millimeters long and covered in bumpy tubercles. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?329,519,532 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol SATU USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Sanicula tuberosa Photo gallery Category Sanicula tuberosa Category Flora of Baja California Category Flora of California Category Flora of Oregon Apiaceae stub ... more details
automatic taxobox image Cornus suecica Ume River.jpg image caption Cornus suecica taxon Cornaceae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Cornaceae sensu stricto dogwood Cornus br Alangium br Nyssaceae br tupelo Nyssa br Mastixia br Diplopanax br Camptotheca br Davidia Cornaceae the dogwood family is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales . It contains approximately 110 species, mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen. Members of this family usually have opposite or alternate simple leaves, four or five parted flowers clustered in inflorescence s or pseudanthium pseudanthia , and drupe drupaceous fruits. ref name Kubitzki Kubitzki, K. 2004 . Cornaceae. In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Volume 6 Flowering Plants Dicotyledons Celastrales, Oxidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales Kubitzki, ed. . Springer Verlag, New York. ref In northern temperate areas, Cornaceae is well known from two genera dogwood Cornus , the dogwoods, and tupelo Nyssa , the tupelos. The systematics of Cornaceae have been remarkably unsettled and controversial, and many genera have been added to it and removed from it over time. One researcher called it a dustbin. ref name Eyde1988 Eyde, R. H. 1988 . Comprehending Cornus puzzles and progress in the systematics of the dogwoods. Botanical Review 54 , 233 351. ref Molecular phylogenetics have clarified the relatedness of some associated genera, and at least nine genera that were previously included in Cornaceae have been eliminated from the order Cornales entirely, ref name Fan2003 Fan, C. Z., and Xiang, Q. Y. 2003 . Phylogenetic analyses of Cornales based on 26S rRNA and combined 26S rDNA matK rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 90 , 1357 1372. ref but the circumscription of Cornaceae is still unclear. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group usually defines Cornaceae as comprising the genera Cornus genus Cornus and Alangium as well as the five genera ofte ... more details
Taxobox name Pontederiaceae image IMG 2365.jpg image caption Eichhornia crassipes regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Monocotyledon Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Commelinales familia Pontederiaceae familia authority Carl Sigismund Kunth Kunth subdivision ranks Genera subdivision See text Pontederiaceae is the botanical name of a Family biology family of flowering plant s. The APG II system , of 2003 unchanged from the APG system , of 1998 places the family in the order Commelinales , in the commelinid clade , in the Monocotyledon monocots . It is a small family of heterostyly heterostylous aquatic plant s, occurring in Tropics tropical and Subtropics subtropical waters. Charles Darwin was interested in the specialized form of heterostyly found in the family, known as tristyly . Not all of the species are heterostylous. The family probably contains fewer than three dozen species. It is best known for the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes , which is an invasive species in many waterways. The highly modified Hydrothrix gardneri is a submerged aquatic with a two flowered pseudanthium . Taxonomy There are 9 genera within this family as below. Water hyacinth Eichhornia small Carl Sigismund Kunth Kunth small Eurystemon small small Heteranthera small Ruiz y Pav n Ruiz & Pav. small Hydrothrix small small Monochoria small Carl Borivoj Presl C.Presl small Pontederia small Carl Linnaeus L. small Reussia small small Scholleropsis small Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la B thie H.Perrier small Zosterella small small External links commonscat inline wikispecies inline http delta intkey.com angio www ponteder.htm Pontederiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz 1992 onwards . http delta intkey.com angio The families of flowering plants descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version 9 March 2006. http delta intkey.com. http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 10722 Pontederiaceae in ... more details
Taxobox name Hydatellaceae regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms ordo Nymphaeales familia Hydatellaceae familia authority U.Hamann subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Trithuria Hydatellaceae are small, aquatic flowering plants . The family biology family includes the genus Trithuria , which has been recently re defined to include the genus Hydatella . ref name Sokoloff Sokoloff, Dmitry D., Margarita V. Remizowa, Terry D. Macfarlane, Paula J. Rudall. 2008. Classification of the early divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae one genus instead of two, four new species and sexual dimorphism in dioecious taxa. Taxon 57 179 200. ref The family consists of about a dozen species. These tiny few cm tall , relatively simple, aquatic plants occur in Australasia and India. The simple leaves are concentrated around a short stem basally. The plants are submerged and emergent aquatic annuals, rooted in the substrate below the water. The members of this plant family are monoecious or dioecious and are likely Wind pollination wind pollinated anemophilous , water pollinated hydrophily hydrophilous or self pollinating autogamy autogamous . Flower like reproductive units which may be pseudanthium pseudanthia are composed of small collections of minute stamen and or pistil like structures that may each represent very reduced individual flowers. The non fleshy fruits are follicle fruit follicles or achene s. ref T.D. Macfarlane, L. Watson and N.G. Marchant Editors 2000 onwards . Western Australian Genera and Families of Flowering Plants. Western Australian Herbarium. Version August 2002. FloraBase http florabase.calm.wa.gov.au browse flora?f 040a&level f&id 040a Hydatellaceae . Accessed 20 March 2007. ref The family was for many years assumed to be a close relative of the Poales grasses and sedges and was even sometimes lumped under the poalean family Centrolepidaceae . Even as recently as 2003, the APG II system assigned Hydatellaceae to the grass order Poales in the commelinid ... more details
Taxobox name Moraceae fossil range fossil range 80 Cretaceous Recent image Koeh 174.jpg image width 250 px image caption Panama Rubber Tree Castilla elastica regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Moraceae familia authority Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link Link subdivision ranks Genera subdivision See text. Moraceae often called the mulberry family or fig family are a family of flowering plant s comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates. The only synapomorphy within Moraceae is presence of laticifer s and milky sap in all Ground tissue Parenchyma parenchymatous tissues , but generally useful field characters include two Gynoecium carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flower s, and compound fruit s. ref Judd et al. 2008 ref Included are well known plants such as the Common fig fig , Ficus benghalensis banyan , breadfruit , Morus plant mulberry , and Maclura pomifera Osage orange . The flowers of Moraceae are often pseudanthium pseudanthia reduced inflorescence s . Classification Formerly positioned within the now defunct order Urticales , recent genetic studies have resulted in its placement within Rosales in a clade called the urticalean rosids that also includes Ulmaceae , Celtidaceae , Cannabaceae and Urticaceae . Cecropia , which were variously placed in Moraceae, Urticaceae, or their own family Cecropicaceae, have turned out to belong in Urticaceae. ref Sytsma et al. 2002 ref Moraceae dioecy evolves from Plant sexuality Individual plant sexuality monoecy , dioecy was the primitive state in Moraceae and monoecy evolved within it up to four times. ref Datwyler and Weiblen 2004 ref Genera valign top Tribe Artocarpeae Artocarpus Breadfruit , Jackfruit Batocarpus Clarisia Hullettia Parartocarpus Prainea Treculia ref cite web url http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html gnlist.pl?2408 ... more details
About Anemopsis Anemonopsis False anemone italic title taxobox name Yerba mansa image Yerba mansa.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperm s unranked classis Magnoliid s ordo Piperales familia Saururaceae genus Anemopsis species A. californica binomial Anemopsis californica binomial authority Thomas Nuttall Nutt. William Jackson Hooker Hook. & George Arnott Walker Arnott Arn. File Anemopsis californica 1.jpg right thumb 210px Yerba mansa or lizard tail Anemopsis californica is a perennial flowering plant within the family Saururaceae . It is the only species in the monotypic genus Anemopsis . It is native to southwestern North America . The conic white flowers actually reduced inflorescences, or pseudanthium pseudanthia are borne in early spring, and are surrounded by 4 9 large white bract s. ref name fna cite encyclopedia last Boufford first D. E. contribution Anemopsis californica year 1997 title Flora of North America North of Mexico editor last Flora of North America Editorial Committee volume 3 url http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 220000730 place New York and Oxford publisher Oxford University Press id 9780195112467 ref As it matures, the visible part of the plant develops red stains, eventually turning bright red in the fall. ref name medsw http medplant.nmsu.edu yerba.html Medicinal Plants of the SW Anemopsis californica , retrieved on July 17, 2007. ref Common Name In her book on herbs of the southwestern USA, Dr. Soule discusses the common name. . . . Yerba mansa is one of those names which confounds linguists. Yerba is Spanish for herb, and thus one would think that mansa is also from Spanish as well, but all indications point to the fact that it is not. Mansa means calm or tranquil in Spanish, and the plant has no sedative effect, nor did local people ever use it as a calming agent. Its primary use is as an antimicrobial , antibacterial , and Antifungal medication antifungal . The most likely explanation is that mansa is a S ... more details
taxobox status G1 status system TNC regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Eryngium species E. cuneifolium binomial Eryngium cuneifolium binomial authority John Kunkel Small Small Eryngium cuneifolium is a rare species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae carrot family known by the common names wedgeleaf eryngo , wedge leaved button snakeroot , and simply snakeroot . It is Endemism endemic to the state of Florida in the United States where it is known only from Highlands County . ref name five USFWS. http ecos.fws.gov docs five year review doc3248.pdf Eryngium cuneifolium Five year Review. July 2010. ref It is one of many rare species that can be found only on the Lake Wales Ridge , an area of high endemism. ref name cpc http www.centerforplantconservation.org collection cpc viewprofile.asp?CPCNum 1818 Eryngium cuneifolium . Center for Plant Conservation. ref ref name arch http www.archbold station.org fai species4.html Why Save Species? Archibold Station. ref It was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 1987. ref name tnc http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Eryngium cuneifolium Eryngium cuneifolium . The Nature Conservancy . ref This is an erect Perennial plant perennial Herbaceous plant herb growing 20 to 66 centimeters in maximum height. The woody taproot may be over 20 centimeters long. The distinctive leaves are wedge shaped with usually three bristle tipped teeth at the tips. The basal leaves are largest and there are a few smaller ones along the erect flowering stem. The herbage is aromatic. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of several dense Pseudanthium headlike clusters of flowers. Each individual flower has five sharp pointed sepal s, making the clusters bristly. The flowers have white, or possibly blue, ref name tnc or greenish flowers. ref name five Blooming occurs in July through January, ref name tnc but e ... more details
to the characteristic inflorescence , a special type of pseudanthium found in only a few other ... the name of pseudanthium pseudanthia . Many bract s form an involucral bract involucre under the basis ... s of the pseudanthium. These are mostly herbaceous but can also be brightly coloured e.g. Helichrysum ... more details
Use dmy dates date November 2011 Taxobox image Duckweeds.jpg image caption Close up of two different duckweed types Spirodela polyrrhiza and Wolffia globosa . The latter are less than 2 mm long. regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Alismatales familia Araceae subfamilia Lemnoideae subdivision ranks Genus subdivision Lemna Spirodela Wolffia Wolffiella Duckweeds , or water lentils, are aquatic plant s which float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow moving fresh water bodies. Also known as bayroot , they arose from within the arum or aroid family, Araceae , ref name tam citation journal American Journal of Botany year 2004 volume 91 pages 490 498 title Intergeneric and infrafamilial phylogeny of subfamily Monsteroideae Araceae revealed by chloroplast 011 trnL F sequences author Sheh May Tam, Peter C. Boyce, Tim M. Upson, Denis Barab , Anne Bruneau, Felix Forest and John S. Parker doi 10.3732 ajb.91.3.490 pmid 21653404 ref and therefore, often are classified as the subfamily Lemnoideae within the Araceae. Classifications created prior to the approximate end of the twentieth century tend to classify them as a separate family, Lemnaceae . These plants are very simple, lacking an obvious stem or leaves. They consist of a small thalloid or plate like structure that floats on or just under the water surface, with or without simple rootlets. The plants are highly reduced from their earlier relatives in Araceae . Reproduction is mostly by asexual reproduction asexual budding, but occasionally three tiny flowers consisting of two stamens and a pistil are produced and sexual reproduction occurs. Some view this flower as a pseudanthium , or reduced inflorescence , with three flowers that are distinctly either female or male and which are derived from the spadix in Araceae . Anatomical research regarding the mechanics of this process has not been completed or remains ambiguous due to considerable evolutionary reduction of these pla ... more details
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