Orphan date February 2009 Notability Products date August 2011 A pseudorandomencoder is an electro mechanical device used for measuring distance and finding position. It is different from the conventional absolute and incremental encoder in its disk pattern, which gives it aspects of the other two designs. The disk of a pseudorandomencoder has an evenly spaced notch design just as an incremental encoder to measure distance. A second track of code is used to find the position just like an absolute encoder however, an absolute encoder tells position from reading from multiple parallel tracks while a pseudorandomencoder uses one single track. This aspect allows pseudorandom rotary encoders to have smaller diameters and larger through holes. To know its position, the encoder must first move a certain distance to read the code. This distance is generally small, about 1 2 degrees for rotary encoders and 1 mm for linear encoders, though this idiosyncrasy does hinder its usefulness in some applications such as trackball track balls since position is not immediately known when the system starts. ref cite web url http www.virtualabsolute.com VAoverview.htm title A New Kind of Encoder virtualabsolute.com ref See also Rotary encoder References reflist Category Dimensional instruments ... more details
An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person that encoding converts information from one format or code to another, for the purposes of standardization, speed, secrecy ... codec . An audio encoder may be capable of capturing, compressing and converting audio A video encoder may be capable of capturing, compressing and converting audio video An email encoder secures online email addresses from email harvesters A PHTML encoder preserves script code logic in a secure format .... Job positions A Data Entry Encoder may enter data from phone surveys in a coded format into a database. A Data Entry Encoder may enter payment amounts from legal tender documents from financial institutions into a database. A Manual Encoder may manually scan code tags on baggage that were missed ... messages, such as the ADFGVX Cipher in WWI or the Enigma device in WWII. A Microchip hopping encoder ... feedback to control position A rotary encoder converts rotary position to an analog e.g., analog quadrature or digital e.g., digital quadrature, 32 bit parallel, or USB electronic signal. A linear encoder ... or incremental. The signal from an absolute encoder gives an unambiguous position within the travel range without requiring knowledge of any previous position. The signal from an incremental encoder ... the travel range. Both can provide the same accuracy, but the absolute encoder is more robust to interruptions ... encoder Simple encoder simple encoder assigns a binary code to an active input line. Priority encoder s establish the priority of competing inputs such as interrupt requests by outputting a binary ... External links Wiktionary http www.metus.com ingest 39 1.aspx Metus Encoder Multi channel multi format video encoder http www.asic world.com digital combo3.html asic world s Digital Combinational ... et Kooder es Codificador eu Kodetzaile fr Encodeur id Encoder it Encoder elettronica he ko nl Encoder pl Koder pt Codificador ru sr fi Enkooderi th ... more details
of this term, see Pseudorandom number generator In theoretical computer science and cryptography , a pseudorandom ... procedure that maps a random seed to a longer pseudorandompseudorandom string such that no statistical ... pseudorandom generators for this class exist, but it is known that their existence is in a certain ... of pseudorandom generators for the class of Boolean circuits of a given size rests on currently .... A function G 0, 1 sup s sup 0, 1 sup n sup , where s n , is a pseudorandom generator against ... the stretch of the pseudorandom generator. Functions from the class F sub n sub are sometimes called adversaries . A pseudorandom generator against a family of adversaries F F sub n sub with bias n is a collection of pseudorandom generators G sub n sub 0, 1 sup s n sup 0, 1 sup n sup , where G sub n sub is a pseudorandom generator against F sub n sub with bias n . In most applications, the family F represents some model of computation , and one is interested in desigining a pseudorandom generator that is computable in the same or some closely related model. Pseudorandom generators in cryptography main Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator In cryptography , the class ... bit output, and one is interested in designing pseudorandom generators that are computable by a polynomial time algorithm and whose bias is negligible in the circuit size. These pseudorandom generators are sometimes called cryptographically secure pseudorandom generators CSPRGs . It is not known if cryptographic pseudorandom generators exist. Their existence would imply that P NP . However, the existence of cryptographic pseudorandom generators is widely believed to be true and their existence is necessary for many applications in cryptography . The existence of cryptographic pseudorandom generators is equivalent to the existence of one way function s see Pseudorandom generator theorem . Applications Pseudorandom generators have numerous applications in cryptography. For instance ... more details
In cryptography , the term pseudorandom permutation , abbreviated PRP , refers to a function that cannot be distinguished from a random permutation that is, a permutation selected at random with uniform probability, from the family of all permutations on the function s domain with practical effort. A pseudorandom permutation family is a collection of pseudorandom permutations, where a specific permutation may be chosen using a key. The idealized abstraction of a block cipher is a truly random permutation. If a distinguishing algorithm exists that achieves significant advantage cryptography advantage with less effort than specified by the block cipher s security parameter this usually means the effort required should be about the same as a brute force search through the cipher s key space , then the cipher is considered broken at least in a certificational sense, even if such a break doesn t immediately lead to a practical security failure. See also Block cipher pseudorandom permutation families operating on fixed size blocks of bits Format Preserving Encryption pseudorandom permutation families operating on arbitrary finite sets Pseudorandom function Permutation box References cite book author Mihir Bellare , Phillip Rogaway date 2005 09 20 title Introduction to Modern Cryptography url http www cse.ucsd.edu mihir cse207 classnotes.html chapter Chapter 3 Pseudorandom functions accessdate 2007 09 30 Category Theory of cryptography crypto stub ... more details
File Gray code rotary encoder 13 track opened.jpg thumb A Gray code absolute rotary encoder with 13 tracks ... the sensing element and support components. A rotary encoder , also called a shaft encoder , is an electro ... , and rotating radar platforms. Absolute rotary encoder Image Rotatory EnDat Encoder.jpg thumb Absolute rotary encoder ROD 425 Construction Digital absolute encoders produce a unique digital code for each ... The optical encoder s disc is made of glass or plastic with transparent and opaque areas. A light ... binary encoding Image Encoder disc 3 Bit binary .svg thumb Rotary encoder for angle measuring devices ... code, in an extremely simplified encoder with only three contacts, is shown below. class wikitable ... the system to fail. For example, if the encoder were used in a robot arm, the controller would think ... causing damage to the arm. Gray encoding Image Encoder Disc 3 Bit .svg thumb Rotary encoder for angle ... on that ring . Those two sensors on a single ring make a quadrature encoder. For many years, http ... at only a single sensor, except for the two sensor, one track quadrature encoder. However, in 1994 .... See Single track Gray code for details. Absolute encoder output formats In commercial absolute encoders there are several formats for transmission of absolute encoder data, including parallel binary ... , Endat and Hiperface , depending on the manufacturer of the device. Incremental rotary encoder File ROD420 HEIDENHAIN.jpg thumb left Encoder ROD 420 An incremental rotary encoder provides cyclical outputs only when the encoder is rotated. They can be either mechanical or optical. The mechanical ... speeds they can handle. The incremental rotary encoder is the most widely used of all ... 00 and 11 value, with staggered switching times during the transition between detents. If the encoder ... which way the encoder turned if it was 00 01 11, or 00 10 11. If the encoder is turning even faster, a backward count may occur. Example consider the 00 01 11 10 transition 3 steps forward . If the encoder ... more details
A priority encoder is a Electronic circuit circuit or algorithm that compresses multiple Binary code binary inputs into a smaller number of outputs. The output of a priority encoder is the binary representation of the ordinal number starting from zero of the most significant input bit. They are often used to control interrupt request s by acting on the highest priority request. If two or more inputs are given at the same time, the input having the highest priority will take wikt precedence precedence ref M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti, Digital Design , 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2006, ISBN 978 0131989245. ref . An example of a single bit 4 to 2 encoder is shown, where highest priority inputs are to the left and x indicates an irrelevant value i.e. any input value there yields the same output since it is superseded by higher priority input. The output V indicates if the input is valid ... caption 4 to 2 Priority Encoder Priority encoders can be easily connected in arrays to make larger encoders, such as one 16 to 4 encoder made from six 4 to 2 priority encoders four 4 to 2 encoders having ... four as input. Citation needed date December 2010 The priority encoder is an improvement on a simple encoder circuit, in terms of handling all possible input configuration s. Simple encoder A simple encoder circuit is one hot to binary converter. That is, if there are of 2 sup n sup input ... bit output. For example a single bit 4 to 2 encoder takes in 4 bits and outputs 2 bits. The illustrated gate level example implements the simple encoder defined by the truth table, but it MUST be understood ..., 3, or 4 high bits the outputs are treated as don t cares. It makes no sense to infer the priority encoder ... single active inputs will produce garbage encodings. align right Image Encoder diagram.svg thumb 212px Gate level circuit diagram of a single bit 4 to 2 line encoder align left div class thumb div ... 1 caption 4 to 2 Encoder References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Priority Encoder Category Digital circuits zh ... more details
In cryptography , pseudorandom noise PRN ref cite web url http www.gps.gov technical icwg meetings 2011 09 13 WAS IS FINAL PRN Expansion 4May2011.pdf title Change Topic Pseudorandom Noise PRN Expansion publisher GPS.GOV accessdate 13 July 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.losangeles.af.mil library factsheets factsheet.asp?id 8618 title Pseudorandom Noise PRN Code Assignments publisher Los Angeles Air Force Base accessdate 13 July 2011 ref is a Signalling telecommunication signal similar to noise physics noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness . Although it seems to lack any definite pattern , pseudorandom noise consists of a deterministic sequence of Pulse signal processing pulses that will repeat itself after its period. ref FS1037C MS188 ref In cryptography cryptographic device s, the pseudorandom noise pattern is determined by a key cryptography key and the repetition period can be very long, even millions of years. Pseudorandom noise is used in some synthesizer electronic musical instruments , either by itself or as an input to subtractive synthesis , and in many white noise machine s. In spread spectrum systems, the receiver correlation correlates a locally generated signal with the received signal information theory signal . Such spread spectrum systems require a set of one or more codes or sequences such that Like random noise, the local sequence has a very low correlation with any other sequence in the set, or with the same sequence at a significantly different time offset, or with narrowband interference, or with thermal noise. Unlike random noise, it must be easy to generate exactly the same sequence at both the transmitter ... sequence. In a direct sequence spread spectrum system, each bit in the pseudorandom ... . In a frequency hopping spread spectrum sequence, each value in the pseudorandom sequence is known ... node1.html ref See also Maximum length sequence Pseudorandom number generator Pseudorandomness White ... more details
design called the negative beta encoder called so due to the negative eigenvalue of the transition ... Beta Encoder class cs.IT eprint 0808.2548 ref See also Pulse code modulation Quantization signal ... more details
by a digital readout DRO or motion controller. The encoder can be either incremental or absolute . Motion can be determined by change in position over time. Linear encoder technologies include optical ... unwound into a linear system. The Spherosyn encoder http www.newall.com LEDs operation.htm ... mounted within a tube. Eddy current US Patent 3820110, Eddy current type digital encoder and position reference , gives an example of this type of encoder, which uses a scale coded with high and low ... Flyer EC6 MILE e 03.09.pdf makes an example rotary encoder product the MILE encoder . Without ... . Motion systems Servo controlled motion systems employ linear encoder so as to provide accurate ... or phase error and perfectly centred. Modern encoder systems employ circuitry to trim these error mechanisms automatically. The overall accuracy of the linear encoder is a combination of the scale ... signals not being exactly 90 apart . Overall signal size does not affect encoder accuracy, however ... the distance between edges of the two channels being the resolution of the encoder. The reference ... random code an encoder can determine its position without movement or needing to find a reference ... up the controller can determine if the encoder is at an end of travel and in which direction to drive ... of thermal expansion and allows large equipment to be broken down for shipment. Encoder terms ... Sensing Angle and Distance Measurement for Engineers , Butterworth Heinemann 1994 See also Encoder Rotary encoder Category Electro mechanical engineering Category Sensors ... more details
Let math U U n n in mathbb N math be a uniform ensemble and math X X n n in mathbb N math be an distribution ensemble ensemble . The ensemble math X math is called pseudorandom if math X math and math U math are Computationally indistinguishable indistinguishable in polynomial time . References Goldreich, Oded 2001 . Foundations of Cryptography Volume 1, Basic Tools . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 79172 3. Fragments available at the http www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il oded frag.html author s web site . Category Algorithmic information theory Category Pseudorandomness Category Cryptography crypto stub ... more details
Infobox software name Microsoft Expression Encoder logo File Microsoft Expression Encoder 4.png 64px screenshot File Microsoft Expression Encoder Screenshot.png 300px caption Microsoft Expression Encoder ... date and age 2011 January 28 ref cite web title Microsoft Expression Encoder 4 with Service Pack ... Server 2008 and Windows 7 ref cite web title Expression Encoder Pro 4 System Requirements url http ... and non linear video editing license Proprietary software Encoder Freeware Encoder Pro Shareware website URL http www.microsoft.com expression products EncoderPro Overview.aspx Microsoft Expression Encoder ref Cite web url http www.microsoft.com expression products Overview.aspx?key encoder title Microsoft Expression Encoder Homepage work Microsoft web site publisher Microsoft Corporation accessdate June 27, 2009 ref formerly Expression Media Encoder is a Windows based program for encoding digital video for web based video. Expression Encoder can be used to create video compressed VC 1 as well as H.264 for distribution via Microsoft Silverlight . Expression Encoder features a Windows Presentation ... Silverlight player controls and Silverlight templates. Microsoft Expression Encoder is available ... http www.microsoft.com expression products FAQ.aspx?key encoder title Frequently Asked Questions work Microsoft Expression Encoder 2 publisher Microsoft Corporation accessdate June 27, 2009 quote Q. What is Expression Encoder 2 Service Pack 1 Express? A. The Express version of Expression Encoder 2 Service Pack 1 is a free feature limited version. ref According to Microsoft, Expression Encoder 2 was not a replacement for Windows Media Encoder , despite having many similarities. ref Cite web url http www.microsoft.com expression products FAQ.aspx?key encoder title Frequently Asked Questions work Microsoft Expression Encoder 2 publisher Microsoft Corporation accessdate June 27, 2009 quote Q. Does Expression Encoder replace Windows Encoder? A. The two products serve different purposes. Windows ... more details
In cryptography , a pseudorandom function family , abbreviated PRF , is a collection of efficiently computable Function computer science functions which emulate a random oracle in the following way no efficient algorithm can distinguish with significant Advantage cryptography advantage between a function chosen randomly from the PRF family and a random oracle a function whose outputs are fixed completely at random . Pseudorandom functions are vital tools in the construction of cryptographic primitive s, especially secure encryption encryption schemes . Pseudorandom functions are not to be confused with pseudorandom number generator pseudorandom generators PRGs . The guarantee of a PRG is that a single output appears random if the input was chosen at random. On the other hand, the guarantee of a PRF is that all its outputs appear random, regardless of how the corresponding inputs were chosen, as long as the function was drawn at random from the PRF family. A pseudorandom function family can be constructed from any pseudorandom generator, using, for example, the construction given by Goldreich, Shafi Goldwasser Goldwasser , and Micali. ref Oded Goldreich , Shafi Goldwasser , Silvio Micali 1986 How to Construct Random Functions , Journal of the ACM , vol.33, no.4, p.792 807. doi 10.1145 6490.6503 http theory.lcs.mit.edu cis pubs shafi 1986 jacm.pdf preprint http www.math.weizmann.ac.il oded ggm.html web page and preprint ref See also Pseudorandom permutation References references Category Theory of cryptography Category Cryptographic primitives Category Pseudorandomness he ... more details
Infobox Software name Windows Media Encoder screenshot Image Wmediaencoder9series.PNG 250px caption Windows Media Encoder in Windows XP developer Microsoft latest release version 9.00.00.3374 x86 10.00.00.3809 ... website http www.microsoft.com windows windowsmedia forpros encoder default.mspx Windows Media Encoder Windows Media Encoder is a freely downloadable Multimedia media codec encoder developed by Microsoft .... It is the successor of NetShow Encoder . ref http office.microsoft.com en us ork2000 HA011382331033.aspx ... download search index it has been replaced by a free version of Microsoft Expression Encoder . The Media 8 Encoding Utility is still listed. The latest version, Windows Media Encoder 9 Series, can encode video using Windows Media Video version 7, 8 or 9. Audio Encoder Audio encoding uses a number ... or video. It is available in both 32 bit and 64 bit versions. Windows Media Encoder 9 Series enables ... Media File Editor, Windows Media Profile Editor, and Windows Media Stream Editor. The GUI encoder application is actually a wrapper of the codec encoder itself. Developers can write their own applications ... Media Encoder 9 Series SDK ref Versions NetShow Encoder 3.0 ref Terran Interactive, Inc. http www.siggraph.org ... , Retrieved on 2009 08 11 ref NetShow Encoder 3.01 comes with Powerpoint 2000 Windows Media Encoder .... Windows Media Encoder 7.1 for Windows 98, Windows Me and Windows 2000 Windows Media 8 Encoding Utility ... en Windows Media 8 Encoding Utility , Retrieved on 2009 08 12 ref Windows Media Encoder 9 Windows Media Encoder Studio Edition Windows Media Encoder Studio Edition ref http www.microsoft.com windows ... of Windows Media Encoder 9 Series with support for segment encoding and multiple audio channels. After ... Expression Encoder Expression Encoder as part of its Microsoft Expression Studio Expression Studio ... Expression Encoder References Reflist External links http www.microsoft.com windows windowsmedia download AllDownloads.aspx Windows Media Downloads Windows Media Encoder has been removed http www.microsoft.com ... more details
Infobox Software name Cinema Craft Encoder screenshot caption author developer Custom Technology Corporation released March 8, 2000 ref http www.cinemacraft.com file sp txt 2.70.02.15 history.txt Cinema Craft Encoder SP Release History , Retrieved on 2009 08 11 ref latest release version CCE SP2 1.00.01.09 2009 07 21, CCE Basic 2.70 latest release date latest preview version latest preview date operating system Microsoft Windows Windows language English, Japanese genre Video encoder license proprietary software proprietary website http www.cinemacraft.com Custom Technology Corporation s Website Cinema Craft Encoder or CCE is a video encoder for MPEG 1 and MPEG 2 . It is written in assembly language assembly ref name doom9 FAQ http forum.gleitz.info showthread.php?t 11 doom9.org ref and optimized with SIMD multimedia instructions of compatible x86 processors. It is capable of single pass and multi pass Constant bitrate and Variable bitrate encoding ref name CCE SP Info http www.cinemacraft.com eng sp.html Cinema Craft Encoder SP information page ref . CCE converts from Audio Video Interleave AVI and QuickTime to MPEG 2 video and MPEG 1 Audio Layer II mp2 audio and can even take Avisynth Scripts as source files. DVD compliant MPEG 2 video or custom MPEG 1 or MPEG 2 video streams are supported as output formats. The program can be extended via a plugin which enables Adobe Premiere to export to CCE s supported output video formats. CCE features both a GUI and a command line interface and can be used for batch processing ref name CNet Publisher s Description http download.cnet.com Cinema Craft Encoder Basic 3000 7970 4 10434286.html CCE Information and Download Page ref . Furthermore ... of CINEMA CRAFT ENCODER Basic , Retrieved on 2009 08 11 ref CCE SP and CCE Pro encoders were also discontinued ref http www.cinemacraft.com eng discontinue.html Discontinued CINEMA CRAFT Encoder ... multimedia software stub es Cinema Craft Encoder ... more details
In computational complexity theory and cryptography , the existence of pseudorandom generator s is related to the existence of one way function s through a number of theorems, collectively referred to as the pseudorandom generator theorem . Introduction Pseudorandomness A distribution is considered pseudorandom ... D sub n sub is pseudorandom if for any polynomial size circuit C , and any inversely polynomial ... . Pseudorandom generators A function G sub l sub 0,1 sup l sup 0,1 sup m sup , where l m is a pseudorandom generator if G sub l sub can be computed in time polynomial in l G sub l sub x is pseudorandom, when x is uniformly random. One additional pseudorandom bit implies polynomially more pseudorandom bits It can be shown that if there is a pseudorandom generator G sub l sub 0,1 sup l sup 0,1 sup l 1 sup , i.e. a generator that adds only one pseudorandom bit, then for any m poly l , there is a pseudorandom generator G sub l sub 0,1 sup l sup 0,1 sup m sup ... and used as the seed to the first instance of G sub l sub , which is known to be a pseudorandom generator ... of the output. Repeating this process for m times yields an output of m pseudorandom bits. It can be shown that such G sub l sub , that consists of m instances of G sub l sub , is indeed a pseudorandom ... number i 1 . Now, assume that G sub l sub is not a pseudorandom distribution that is, there exists ... l sub or a drawn from uniform distribution. Let s reuse the approach of building large pseudorandom generators out of instances of G sub l sub and construct a string of pseudorandom bits of length m&minus ... is not a pseudorandom generator, which is a contradiciton to the hypothesis. Q.E.D. Now, let s illustrate ... to circuit C for distinguishing between G sub l sub and U sub l 1 sub . Existence of pseudorandom generators The existence of pseudorandom generators is related to the existence of one way function s and hard core predicate s. Formally, pseudorandom generators exist if and only if one way functions ... more details
A binary sequence BS is a sequence of math N math bits, math a j math for math j 0,1,...,N 1 math , i.e. math m math ones and math N m math zeros. A BS is pseudorandomness pseudo random PRBS if its autocorrelation function math C v sum j 0 N 1 a ja j v math has only two values math C v begin cases m, mbox if v equiv 0 mbox mod N mc, mbox otherwise end cases math where math c frac m 1 N 1 math is called the duty cycle of the PRBS. A PRBS is random in a sense that the value of an math a j math element is independent of the values of any of the other elements, similar to real random sequences. It is pseudo because it is deterministic and after math N math elements it starts to repeat itself, unlike real random sequences, such as sequences generated by radioactive decay or by white noise. The PRBS is more general than the n sequence , which is a special pseudo random binary sequence of n bits generated as the output of a linear shift register. An n sequence always has a 1 2 duty cycle and its number of elements math N 2 k 1 math . PRBS s are used in telecommunication , encryption , simulation , correlation technique and time of flight spectroscopy . Practical implementation Pseudorandom binary sequences can be generated using linear feedback shift register s. ref Paul H. Bardell, William H. McAnney, and Jacob Savir, Built In Test for VLSI Pseudorandom Techniques , John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987. ref See also Pseudorandom number generator Gold code Complementary sequences Bit Error Rate Test References reflist External links http www.scriptwell.net correlation.htm Refimprove date January 2008 Category Pseudorandomness Category Binary sequences de Pseudo random bit stream pl PRBS ru uk ... more details
orphan date February 2010 In theoretical computer science a pseudorandom generator for low degree polynomials is an efficiently computable function whose output is indistinguishable from the uniform distribution by evaluation of low degree polynomials in the following sense. Definition A pseudorandom generator math G mathbb F s rightarrow mathbb F n math for polynomials of degree math d math over a Finite field F is an efficient procedure that stretches math s n math field elements into math n math field elements and fools any polynomial of degree d in n variables over F For every such polynomial p, the Total variation Total variation distance in probability theory statistical distance between the distributions math p U n math , for uniform math U n math in math mathbb F n math , and math p G U s math , for uniform math U s math in math mathbb F s math , is at most a small math epsilon math . Construction The case of linear polynomials is solved by Epsilon Biased Sample Spaces small bias spaces which give constructions with seed length math s O log n log 1 epsilon math this is optimal up to constant factors . Following the sequence of papers http www.ccs.neu.edu home viola papers gen.pdf , http shachar.lovett.googlepages.com prg poly.pdf it was established in http www.ccs.neu.edu home viola papers d.pdf that a sum of math d math small bias spaces fools degree math d math polynomials. This gives a construction with seed length math s O log n 2 d log 1 epsilon math . References http www.ccs.neu.edu home viola papers gen.pdf The paper proposed taking a sum of independent small bias spaces for fooling low degree polynomials . http shachar.lovett.googlepages.com prg poly.pdf The paper gave the first unconditional result showing that sum of math 2 d math small bias spaces fools low degree polynomials . http www.ccs.neu.edu home viola papers d.pdf The paper shows that sum of math d math small bias spaces fools low degree polynomials . Category Pseudorandomness ... more details
Citation style date September 2009 A pseudorandom number generator PRNG , also known as a deterministic random bit generator DRBG , ref http csrc.nist.gov publications nistpubs 800 57 sp800 57 Part1 revised2 Mar08 2007.pdf ref is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers that approximates the properties of random numbers. The sequence is not truly random in that it is completely determined by a relatively small set of initial values, called the PRNG s state , which includes a truly random seed . Although sequences that are closer to truly random can be generated using hardware random number generator s, pseudorandom numbers are important in practice for their speed in number generation and their reproducibility, and they are thus central in applications such as simulations e.g., of physical systems with the Monte Carlo method , in cryptography , and in procedural generation . Good statistical properties are a central requirement for the output of a PRNG, and common classes of suitable algorithms include linear congruential generator s, lagged Fibonacci generator s, and linear feedback shift register s. Cryptographic applications require the output to also be unpredictable, and more elaborate designs, which do not inherit the linearity of simpler solutions, are needed. More ... bit output. Most pseudorandom generator algorithms produce sequences which are uniform distribution ... eprint.iacr.org 2005 165.pdf Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators Main Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator A PRNG suitable for cryptography cryptographic applications ... distribution Rayleigh and Poisson distribution Poisson . See also Portal Mathematics List of pseudorandom number generators Pseudorandom binary sequence Quasi random Random number generator attack ... wien.ac.at src http eeyore.wu wien.ac.at src prng A collection of algorithms for generating pseudorandom ... Office for Information Security DEFAULTSORT Pseudorandom Number Generator Category Pseudorandom number ... more details
f a 1 math and math f a 5 math . There are other attacks that would be very bad for a Pseudorandom ... generator Generalized inversive congruential pseudorandom numbers Notes Reflist refs ref name ... and Pseudorandomness year 1998 edition first publisher Springer isbn 978 3540647669 Category Pseudorandom ... more details
refimprove date November 2010 Infobox software name Flash Media Live Encoder logo File FMLE small logo.png Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder Icon screenshot File Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder Figure 1.jpg 300px Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder caption Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder developer Adobe Systems latest release version 3.2 latest release date start date and age 2009 January 12 operating system Microsoft Windows genre Encoding Software license Freeware website url http www.adobe.com go fmle Flash Media Live Encoder FMLE a free live encoding software product from Adobe Systems . It is currently available for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS . History Version 1.0 was released on February 23, 2007. Version 2.0 was released on October 26, 2007, adding the following functionality Encoding support for MP3 format Command line execution Automatically start at operating system launch Automated maintenance restart Remote access Ability to set reconnect interval Timecode support Version 2.5 was released on April 14, 2008 with the following added features Encoding support for H.264 HE AAC format Improvements to Quality of Service Auto adjust functionality, which enabled dynamic downgrading of the outgoing stream quality if network connectivity was sub optimal. Version 3.0 was released on January 12, 2009 with the following added features An updated user interface and additional presets Multi bitrate encoding up to three different bitrates File management improvements save multiple files based on file size duration, parameters in filenames DVR functionality System timecode support SMPTE, LTC, VITC or BITC timecodes could be used if supported by capture device if not, the system timecode ... Flash Media Live Encoder 2.5 Documentation http www.adobe.com support documentation en flashmedialiveencoder Flash Media Live Encoder 3 Documentation External links http www.adobe.com go fmle Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder product page http www.adobe.com go fms Adobe Flash Media Server product ... more details
An approach to nonlinear congruential methods of Pseudorandom number generator generating uniform pseudorandom numbers in the interval 0,1 is the Inversive congruential generator with prime modulus. A generalization for arbitrary composite moduli math m p 1, dots p r math with arbitrary distinct Prime number primes math p 1, dots ,p r ge 5 math will be present here. Let math mathbb Z m 0,1,...,m 1 math .For integer s math a,b in mathbb Z m math with gcd a,m 1 a generalized inversive congruential sequence math y n n geqslant 0 math of elements of math mathbb Z m math is defined by math y 0 rm seed math math y n 1 equiv a y n varphi m 1 b pmod m text , n geqslant 0 math where math varphi m p 1 1 dots p r 1 math denotes the number of positive integers less than m which are Coprime relatively prime to m . Example Let take m 15 math 3 times 5 , a 2 , b 3 math and math y 0 1 math . Hence math varphi m 2 times 4 8 , math and the sequence math y n n geqslant 0 1,5,13,2,4,7,1, dots math is not maximum. The result below shows that these sequences are closely related to the following inversive congruential sequence with prime moduli. For math 1 le i le r math let math mathbb Z p i 0,1, dots ,p i 1 , m i m p i math and math a i ,b i in mathbb Z p i math be integers with math a equiv m i 2 a i ... 1 i pmod p i math , which implies the desired result. Generalized Inversive Congruential Pseudorandom ... independence properties is based on the discrepancy of s tuples of pseudorandom numbers ... Congruential Pseudorandom Numbers for math s ge 2 math . Higher bound Let math s ge 2 math Then the discrepancy ... Congruential Pseudo random Numbers model true random numbers very closely. See also Pseudorandom number ... generator Naor Reingold Pseudorandom Function References Reflist refs ref name one G. H. Hardy and E ... Herrmann first J rgen title On Generalized Inversive Congruential Pseudorandom Numbers year 1994 edition ... Congruential Pseudorandom Numbers Category Pseudorandom number generators ... more details
available and, strictly speaking, are not pure pseudorandom number generators, as their output is not completely ... s work by generating a pseudorandom stream of bits that are combined almost always XOR cipher XOR ed with the plaintext running the cipher on a counter will return a new pseudorandom stream, possibly ... Vanstone , CRC Press, 1996, http www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca hac about chap5.pdf Chapter 5 Pseudorandom ... testing of new CSPRNG designs A Statistical Test Suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators ... eprint.iacr.org 2006 190 Cryptanalysis of the Dual Elliptic Curve Pseudorandom Generator , Berry Schoenmakers and Andrey Sidorenko, IACR ePrint 2006 190. http eprint.iacr.org 2006 321 Efficient Pseudorandom ... crypto4o.tar.gz An implementation of a cryptographically safe shrinking pseudorandom number generator. Interlang crypto navbox DEFAULTSORT Cryptographically Secure Pseudorandom Number Generator Categories Category Cryptographic algorithms Category Pseudorandom number generators Category Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators Category Cryptographic primitives de Kryptographisch sicherer ... more details
An M sequence may refer to Regular sequence algebra Regular sequence , which is an important topic in commutative algebra. A maximum length sequence , which is a type of pseudorandom binary sequence. disambig ... more details
A random seed or seed state , or just seed is a number or Array data structure vector used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator . The choice of a good random seed is crucial in the field of computer security . When a secret encryption key cryptography key is pseudorandom ly key generation generated , having the seed will allow one to obtain the key. If the same random seed is deliberately shared, it becomes a secret key , so two or more systems using matching pseudorandom number algorithms and matching seeds can generate matching sequences of non repeating numbers which can be used to synchronize remote systems, such as GPS satellites and receivers. Random seeds are often generated from the state of the computer system such as the time , a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator or from a hardware random number generator . compu soft stub Category Pseudorandom number generators Random seed ca Llavor aleat ria cs Random seed de Seed key fr Graine al atoire pt Semente aleat ria ru ... more details
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