link yes top Eta See also List of mesons DEFAULTSORT PseudoscalarMeson Category Mesons Particle ...Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Noneto mes nico de spin 0.png thumb The pseudoscalar mesons consisting of up, down, and strange quarks only form a nonet In high energy physics , a pseudoscalarmeson is a meson with total angular momentum quantum number total spin 0 and odd Parity physics parity usually noted as J sup P sup 0 sup &minus sup . Compare to scalar meson . Pseudoscalar mesons are commonly seen in proton proton scattering and proton antiproton annihilation. The pion was first proposed to exist by Yukawa in the 1930s as the primary force carrying boson of the Yukawa Potential in nuclear interactions, and was later observed at nearly the same mass that he originally predicted for it. In the 1950s and 1960s, the pseudoscalar mesons began to proliferate, and were eventually organized into a multiplet according to Murray Gell Mann s so called Eightfold way physics Eightfold Way . Gell Mann further predicted the existence of a ninth resonance in the pseudoscalar multiplet, which he originally called X. Indeed, this particle was later found and is now known as the eta prime meson. The structure of the pseudoscalarmeson multiplet, and also the ground state baryon multiplets, led Gell Mann and Zweig, independently to create the well known quark model. Among all ... of the pion , kaon , Eta meson eta and Eta meson eta prime particles are known with great precision. However, the decay properties of the pseudoscalar mesons, particularly of eta and eta prime, are somewhat contradictory to the mass hierarchy. While the eta prime meson is much more massive than the eta meson, the eta meson is thought to contain a larger component of strange and anti strange quarks than the eta prime meson, which appears contradictory. The presence of an eta 1405 state also brings glueball mixing into the discussion. It is possible that the eta and eta prime mesons mix with the pseudoscalar ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In physics , a pseudoscalar is a quantity that behaves like a scalar physics scalar , except that it changes sign under a Parity physics parity inversion such as improper rotation s while a true scalar does not. The prototypical example of a pseudoscalar is the scalar triple product . A pseudoscalar, when multiplied by an ordinary vector space vector , becomes a pseudovector pseudovector axial vector a similar construction creates the pseudotensor . Mathematically, a pseudoscalar is an element of the top exterior power of a vector space , or the top power of a Clifford algebra see pseudoscalar Clifford algebra . More generally, it is an element of the canonical bundle of a differentiable manifold . Pseudoscalars in physics In physics , a pseudoscalar denotes a physical quantity analogous to a scalar physics scalar . Both are physical quantity physical quantities which assume a single value which is invariant under proper rotation s. However, under the parity transformation , pseudoscalars flip their signs while scalars do not. As Reflection mathematics reflection s through a plane are the combination of a rotation with the parity transformation, pseudoscalars ... that a pseudoscalar reverses its sign when the coordinate axes are inverted suggests that it is not the best ... dual of a pseudoscalar is in fact a skew symmetric pure tensor of rank three. The Levi Civita pseudotensor is a completely skew symmetric pseudotensor of rank 3. Since the dual of the pseudoscalar ..., a pseudoscalar is the dual of a fourth rank tensor which is proportional to the four dimensional ... of momentum a true vector . Pseudoscalars in geometric algebra See also Pseudoscalar Clifford algebra A pseudoscalar in a geometric algebra is a highest graded vector space grade element of the algebra ... highest grade basis element is math e 1 e 2 e 12 . math So a pseudoscalar is a multiple ... which give rise to its name. In this setting, a pseudoscalar changes sign under a parity inversion ... more details
momentum J style width 60px J sup P sup Pseudoscalarmeson 0 0 0 0 sup sup Pseudovector meson 0 ...Infobox Particle bgcolour name Mesons image File Meson nonet spin 0.svg 200px caption Mesons of spin ... results in mesons being boson s while baryons are fermion s. Each type of meson has a corresponding ... . While no meson is stable, those of lower mass are nonetheless more stable than the most massive mesons ... quarks would. For example, the charm quark was first seen in the J meson J Psi meson SubatomicParticle ... quark in the upsilon meson SubatomicParticle Upsilon in 1977. ref S.W. Herb et al. 1977 ref History ... Speech ref ref name yukawa H. Yukawa 1935 ref predicted the existence and the approximate mass of the meson ... electromagnetic repulsion. Yukawa called his carrier particle the meson, from mesos , the Greek ... word mesos . ref name mesotron G. Gamow 1961 ref The first candidate for Yukawa s meson, then dubbed the muon mu meson or muon was discovered 1936 by Carl David Anderson and others in the decay product s of cosmic ray interactions. The mu meson had about the right mass to be Yukawa s carrier of the strong ... particle. It was eventually found that the mu meson did not participate in the strong nuclear ... rather than a meson. There were years of delays in subatomic particle research during World ... meson to be discovered was the pion pi meson or pion in 1947, by Cecil Powell , C sar Lattes , and Giuseppe ... carrier for the nuclear force in atomic nucleus atomic nuclei . Other mesons, such as the rho meson ..., Yukawa was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physics for his predictions. The word meson has at times been used to mean any force carrier, such as W and Z bosons Z sup 0 sup meson which is involved ... J L S , in increments of 1. center class wikitable style text align center Meson angular ... mesons is an active area of research in meson spectroscopy . Citation needed date November 2008 Parity ... parity of a meson is the product of the intrinsic parities of the quark 1 and antiquark 1 . As these are different ... more details
T mesons are hypothetical meson s composed of a top quark top quark and either an up quark up Subatomic particle T0 , down quark down Subatomic particle T , strange quark strange Subatomic particle Strange T or charm quark charm antiquark Subatomic particle Charmed T0 . ref cite journal author C. Amsler et al. year 2008 publisher Particle Data Group title Review of Particle Physics Naming Scheme for Hadrons url http pdg.lbl.gov 2008 reviews namingrpp.pdf journal Physics Letters B volume 667 issue 1 pages doi 10.1016 j.physletb.2008.07.018 bibcode 2008PhLB..667....1P ref Because of the top quark s short lifetime, T mesons are not expected to be found in nature. The combination of a top quark and top antiquark is not a T meson, but rather toponium . Each T meson has an antiparticle that is composed of a top antiquark and an up Subatomic particle Antit0 , down Subatomic particle T , strange Subatomic particle Strange T or charm quark Subatomic particle Charmed antiT0 respectively. References references External links http pdg.lbl.gov 2007 listings s091.pdf W. M. Yao et al. Particle Data Group , J. Phys. G 33, 1 2006 and 2007 partial update for edition 2008 URL http pdg.lbl.gov Particles DEFAULTSORT T Meson Category Mesons particle stub cs Mezon T ko it Mesone T ru T ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 In high energy physics , a vector meson is a meson with total angular momentum quantum number total spin 1 and odd parity physics parity usually noted as nowrap J sup P sup 1 sup &minus sup . Compare to a pseudovector meson , which has a total angular momentum quantum number total spin 1 and even parity physics parity . Vector mesons have been seen in experiments since the 1960s, and are well known for their spectroscopic pattern of masses. Since the development of the quark model by Murray Gell Mann and independently by George Zweig as well , the vector mesons have demonstrated the spectroscopy of pure states. The fact that the nowrap Isospin I 1 rho meson &rho and nowrap I 0 omega meson &omega have nearly equal mass centered around 770 val 780 ul MeV c2 , while the phi meson &phi has a higher mass around val 1020 u MeV c2 , indicates that the light quark vector mesons appear in nearly pure states with the &phi meson having a nearly 100 percent amplitude of hidden strangeness . This characteristic of the vector mesons is not at all evident in the pseudoscalarmeson or scalar meson multiplets, and may be only slightly realized among the tensor meson and pseudovector meson multiplets. This fact makes the vector mesons an excellent probe of the quark flavour physics flavor content of other types of mesons, measured through the respective decay rate s of non vector mesons into the different types of vector mesons. Such experiments are very revealing for theorists who seek to determine the flavor content of mixed state mesons. At higher masses, the vector ... mesons by photon emission . Pseudovector mesons transition by a similar process into pseudoscalar ..., which have to use hadronic processes. Examples rho meson &rho meson omega meson &omega meson phi meson &phi meson Kaon K 892 meson D meson D meson J Psi meson SubatomicParticle J Psi meson Upsilon meson SubatomicParticle Upsilon meson See also List of mesons Vector meson dominance particle stub particles ... more details
In high energy physics , a scalar meson is a meson with total angular momentum quantum number total spin 0 and even parity physics parity usually noted as J sup P sup 0 sup sup . Compare to pseudoscalarmeson . These mesons are most often observed in proton antiproton annihilation, radiative decays of vector mesons , and mesonmeson scattering. The first known scalar mesons have been observed since the late 1950s, with observations of numerous light states and heavier states proliferating since the 1980s. The light unflavored scalar mesons may be divided into three groups those having a mass below 1 GeV c sup 2 sup , those having a mass between 1 GeV c sup 2 sup and 2 GeV c sup 2 sup , and other radially excited unflavored scalar mesons above 2 GeV c sup 2 sup . The heavier scalar mesons containing charm and or bottom quarks all occur well over 2 GeV c sup 2 sup . Many attempts have been made to determine the quark content of the lighter scalar mesons however, no consensus has yet been reached. The scalar mesons in the mass range of 1 GeV c sup 2 sup to 2 GeV c sup 2 sup are generally believed to be conventional quark antiquark states with orbital excitation L 1 and spin excitation S 1, ref W. M. Yao et al. Particle Data Group , J. Phys. G33, 1 2006 ref although they occur at a higher mass than one would expect in the framework of mass splittings from spin orbit coupling . ref F. E. Close, An Introduction to Quarks and Partons , Academic Press New York 1979 , pgs. 88 89 ref The scalar ... theorists still choose this interpretation of the scalar mesons as the chiral partners of the pseudoscalarmeson multiplet. ref M. Ishida, http arxiv.org abs hep ph 9712231 hep ph 9712231 ref Ever since ... tetraquark or mesonmeson molecule states. The tetraquark interpretation works well with the MIT ... introduction of the sigma meson as an acceptable candidate for a light scalar meson in 1996 by Tornqvist ... , f sub 0 sub 1790, X 1810 References references DEFAULTSORT Scalar Meson Category Mesons ko sl ... more details
Not to be confused with the &theta sup sup of the &tau &theta puzzle , which is now identified as kaon , or with the &Theta sup sup and Physics particle &Theta TR BR c , formerly thought to be pentaquark s. The theta meson Subatomic particle Theta meson is a hypothetical form of quarkonium i.e. a flavour particle physics flavourless meson formed by a top quark and top antiquark. It is the equivalent of the phi meson phi strange quark , strange antiquark , psi meson psi charm quark , charm antiquark and upsilon meson upsilon bottom quark , bottom antiquark mesons. Due to the top quark s shortlifetime, the theta meson is not expected to be observed in nature. See also List of mesons particle stub particles Category Mesons Category Onium cs Mezon th ta ko it Mesone theta ru ... more details
wikify date September 2011 A Photo meson comes from the word, meson An elementary particle that is composed of a quark and an antiquark , such as a kaon or pion . Meson composed of rarer quarks are much heavier. 1 A photo meson is defined as a meson ejected from an atomic nucleus as a result of the incidence of a gamma ray or other high energy photon 2 Research currently focused on photo mesons, is to yield understanding and possible use of energy, as Photomeson production is the main energy loss for relativistic nucleon s in dense radiation fields like the Cosmic microwave background radiation cosmic microwave background and the radiation fields in Gamma ray burst Gamma Ray Bursts GRB and jets of Active galactic nucleus Active Galactic Nuclei AGN . 3 Further understanding of photomesons will aid to understanding of nuclear physics & quantum mechanics cosmic ray s, quarks, antiquarks, photons, etc. 4 5 Ultrahigh energy nucleons, which eject from Star s, through the process of creating photo mesons, creates Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation CMBR , Active Galactic Nucleus AGN jet and Gamma Ray Bursts GRB photo fields. 6 This process is a transfer decay of energy, from Ultrahigh energy nucleons. A secondary product, of transfer decay or energy appears in the product of neutrino s & gamma ray fluxes. 6 7 Sources 1 Wikitionary Definition Menson http en.wiktionary.org wiki meson 2 Merriam Webster Definition photomeson http www.merriam webster.com dictionary photomeson 3 Photomeson production in astrophysical sources http arxiv.org abs astro ph 9905153 4 Wikipedia Nuclear Physics http en.wikipedia.org wiki Nuclear physics 5 Wikipedia Quantum Mechanics http en.wikipedia.org wiki Quantum mechanics 6 Photomeson production in astrophysical sources PDF http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc download?doi 10.1.1.56.229&rep rep1&type pdf 7 Neutrino http en.wikipedia.org wiki Neutrino Category Mesons ... more details
Eta and eta prime meson Subatomic particle Eta prime are meson s made of a mixture of up quark up , down quark down and strange quark strange quark s and their antiquark s. The charmed eta meson Subatomic particle Charmed Eta and bottom eta meson Subatomic particle Bottom Eta are forms of quarkonium ... of charm quark s and bottom quark s respectively. The top quark is too heavy to form a similar meson top eta meson , symbol Subatomic particle Top Eta , due to its very fast decay. The eta was discovered ... s014.pdf Eta Meson at the Particle Data Group Particles Category Mesons particle stub cs Mezon ta de Meson fr M son ta ko it Mesone eta pl Eta cz stka ru sl Mezon uk ... more details
notability date February 2011 unref date February 2011 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Meson Ray Type Studio Artist The Ernies Cover Released April 20, 1999 Recorded Genre Alternative rock Length Label Mojo Jive Producer the Ernies Reviews Allmusic Rating 2.5 5 http allmusic.com album meson ray r413496 Meson Ray is the third and last studio release by the alternative ska band, The Ernies , released in 1999. Meson Ray is the first record by The Ernies to be released under Mojo Records . The album includes the band s biggest single music single , Here and Now . Track Listing All songs written by Will Hummel, except where noted. Polarized 3 49 Here and Now 3 30 Fire Hummel, Mike Hughes 3 16 Winter Stars You and I 4 02 Organism 5 23 The Hitman Tommy Stearns 4 50 It s Digestable 3 26 Where do you Hide? 3 35 Bacteria 3 19 You Are Everywhere 2 25 Mr. Benson and the Menson Ray Sod 1 Hughes, Hayes Smith 3 33 Band members Will Hummel Lead vocals Guitar Matt Goves Drums, Percussion Hayes Smith Saxophone, Backup Vocals Mike Hughes Bass Chris Bondi Turntables, Theramin Stefan Demetriadis Trombone Steve Bider Alto Saxophone Category Alternative rock albums by American artists 1990s alt rock album stub ... more details
volume 592 pages 1 title Review of Particle Physics SubatomicParticle Upsilon meson url http pdg.lbl.gov .....592....1P Particles DEFAULTSORT Upsilon Meson Category Mesons Category Onium Particle stub cs Mezon Ypsilon de Meson fa fr M son upsilon ko it Mesone upsilon hu pszilon mezon ja nn Ypsilon meson pl Ypsilon cz stka ru sl Mezon ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In high energy physics , a pseudovector meson or axial vector meson is a meson with total angular momentum quantum number total spin 1 and even parity physics parity usually noted as J sup P sup 1 sup sup . Compare to a vector meson , which has a total angular momentum quantum number total spin 1 and odd parity physics parity . The known pseudovector, or axial vector, mesons fall into two different classes those with J sup PC sup 1 sup sup , and those with J sup PC sup 1 sup sup . The first group have no spin excitation, but do have L 1. The latter group have both S 1 and L 1, with L and S coupling to J 1. The difference between the two groups gives them slightly different masses from the spin orbit coupling rule. The h and b mesons are in the first group, and should have heavier masses according to the spin orbit mass splitting in practice, however, they do not appear to follow this rule in nature, as evidenced by the f and a mesons being heavier. There are considerable experimental uncertainties in pseudovector meson masses which will require additional experimental data to clarify. The 1 sup sup multiplet of light mesons may show similar behavior to that of the vector mesons, in that the mixing of light quarks with strange quarks appears to be small for this quantum number. The 1 sup sup multiplet, on the other hand, may be affected by other factors that cause generally reduced meson masses. Further experimentation is required in order to clarify the observed situation. Pseudovector, or axial vector, mesons in the 1 sup sup channel may most readily be seen in proton antiproton annihilation and pion nucleon scattering. The mesons in the 1 sup sup channel are normally seen in proton proton and pion nucleon scattering. Examples 1 sup sup candidates h sub 1 sub 1170 , b sub 1 sub 1235 , h sub 1 sub 1380 1 sup sup candidates ... Meson Category Mesons Particle stub sl Psevdovektorski mezon ... more details
B mesons are meson s composed of a bottom antiquark and either an up quark up Subatomic particle B , down quark down Subatomic particle B0 , strange quark strange Subatomic particle Strange B0 or charm quark charm quark Subatomic particle Charmed B . The combination of a bottom antiquark and a top quark is not thought to be possible because of the top quark s short lifetime. The combination of a bottom antiquark and a bottom quark is not a B meson, but rather bottomonium . Each B meson has an antiparticle that is composed of a bottom quark and an up quark up Subatomic particle B , down quark down Subatomic particle AntiB0 , strange quark strange Subatomic particle Strange antiB0 or charm quark charm antiquark Subatomic particle Charmed b respectively. List of B mesons center class wikitable sortable style text align center B mesons Particle Symbol Anti particle class unsortable Quark br content Charge Isospin br Isospin I Spin physics Spin and Parity physics parity br spin physics J sup Parity physics P sup Rest mass br electron volt MeV speed of light c sup 2 sup strangeness S charm quantum number C bottomness B Mean lifetime br second s Commonly decays to B meson Subatomic particle ... bottom.pdf Subatomic particle B decay modes B meson Subatomic particle B0 Subatomic particle AntiB0 ... Subatomic particle B0 decay modes Strange B meson Subatomic particle Strange b0 Subatomic particle Strange ... strange.pdf Subatomic particle Strange B0 decay modes Charmed B meson Subatomic particle Charmed ... flavor oscillation . The existence of neutral B meson oscillations is a fundamental prediction ... only theorized B sub s sub meson oscillation. ref cite press release publisher Fermilab date ... transitions for the B s meson, which consists of the heavy bottom quark bound by the strong nuclear ... bizarre and stated that the meson may open the door to a new era of physics with its proven interactions ... date December 2011 Category Mesons de B Meson es Mes n B fr M son B ko it Mesone B pl Mezon B ... more details
Use dmy dates date May 2011 BLP sources date October 2010 Orphan date February 2009 Anne Meson born 12 May 1975 is a French show host and singer. Her mother was a Russian artist and a dance teacher. Her father was a Spanish stuntman and musician. In her childhood, Anne studied piano, dance but also equitation. Her TV careers began in 1982 at 7, when she appears in several commercials. She also was a child model. Anne appeared for the first time on the silver screen in 1984, in Stress along with French famous actors Carole Laure and Guy Marchand . Later, she joined the casts of L amour ou presque 1985 , La lettre perdue 1987 and Bernadette 1988 . Next to her cinema career, Anne also appeared on stage. She played in Moli re s Le malade imaginaire , and starred in Philippe Chatel s famous musical Emilie Jolie . Two years laters, Anne is probably the youngest accompanist to have played with French rock star Johnny Hallyday during one of his concerts in Paris Bercy. The Disney era 1989 Anne becomes the new French The Walt Disney Company Disney List of Disney Ambassadors Ambassador , succeeding ... debut album Seul album Seul . Meson moved to Spain where she currently lives with her boyfriend, with whom ... Louis Bertucelli 1988 Bernadette de Jean Delannoy External links Find out more about Anne Meson by browsing these French Websites http www.annemeson.net Annemeson.net Anne Meson s current events with videos and playlist http dans.le.bleu.free.fr Dans le bleu Forum dedicated to Anne Meson http annethology.free.fr ... nouvelle g n ration Website about the B French cast of the musical Notre Dame de Paris with Anne Meson http 1 2 3 soleil.jeun.fr index.forum 1,2,3 Soleil forum dedicated to Anne Meson, douchka, Doroth e, H l ne Roll s and les Minikeums Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Meson ALTERNATIVE ... DEFAULTSORT Meson Category French female singers Category French people of Russian descent Category French people of Spanish descent Category 1975 births Category Living people fr Anne Meson ru ... more details
, these computations miss mixing with meson states. The 0 sup sup states The data show five ... and production of f sub 0 sub 1710 give strong evidence that it is also a meson. Glueball candidate The f sub 0 sub 1370 and f sub 0 sub 1500 cannot both be a quark model meson, because one ... as a tetraquark meson, along with the I 1 states a sub 0 sub 980 and sub 0 sub 800 ... D BR s J TR 2317 and the vector 1 sup sup meson PhysicsParticle D BR s J TR 2460 , observed ... of masses. See also Quark model , meson s, baryon s, quark s, and gluon s Exotic hadron s and exotic ... more details
Commonly decays to br 5 of decays D meson ref name PDGD C. Amsler et al. . 2008 http pdg.lbl.gov ... modes D meson ref name PDGD0 C. Amsler et al. . 2008 http pdg.lbl.gov 2008 listings s032.pdf Particle ... http pdg.lbl.gov 2008 listings s032.pdf See Subatomic particle D0 decay modes Strange D meson ref name ... particle Strange D decay modes D meson ref name PDGD C. Amsler et al. . 2008 http pdg.lbl.gov ... or br nowrap Subatomic particle D Subatomic particle link yes Pion0 D meson ref name PDGD 0 C. Amsler ... of particle discoveries References References particles Category Mesons particle stub de D Meson fr ... more details
In particle physics , a rho meson is a short lived hadron ic particle that is an isospin Spin triplet triplet whose three states are denoted as SubatomicParticle Rho , SubatomicParticle Rho0 and SubatomicParticle Rho . After the pion s and kaon s, the rho meson s are the lightest strongly interacting particle with a mass of roughly val 770 ul MeV for all three states. There should be a small mass difference between the SubatomicParticle Rho and the SubatomicParticle Rho0 that can be attributed to the electromagnetic self energy of the particle as well as a small effect due to isospin breaking arising from the light quark masses however, the current experimental limit is that this mass difference is less than val 0.7 u MeV . The rho mesons have a very short lifetime and their decay width is about val 145 u MeV with the peculiar feature that the decay widths are not described by a Relativistic Breit Wigner distribution Breit Wigner form. The principal decay route of the rho mesons is to a pair of pions with a branching rate of 99.9 . Neutral rho mesons can decay to a pair of electron s or muon s which occurs with a branching ratio of val 5 e 5 . This decay of the neutral rho to leptons can be interpreted as a mixing between the photon and rho. In principle the charged rho mesons mix with the weak vector bosons and can lead to decay to an electron or muon plus a neutrino however, this has never been observed. In the De Rujula&ndash Georgi&ndash Glashow description of hadrons, the rho ... of the pion. Unlike the pion, the rho meson has spin j 1 a vector meson and a much higher ... Charged rho meson ref name PDGRho C. Amsler et al. 2008 http pdg.lbl.gov 2008 listings m009.pdf ... Neutral rho meson ref name PDGRho align center SubatomicParticle Rho0 770 align center Self align center ... Particles Category Mesons de Meson fa fr M son rho ko it Mesone rho ja pl Rho cz stka pt M son rho ru sl Mezon tl Rho meson uk ... more details
Technical date September 2010 Infobox Particle bgcolour name Subatomic particle Strange B meson image caption num types composition Subatomic particle bottom antiquark link yes Subatomic particle Strange quark link yes statistics Bosonic group Meson s generation interaction Strong interaction Strong , Weak interaction Weak antiparticle Subatomic particle Strange antib Subatomic particle bottom quark link yes Subatomic particle Strange antiquark link yes theorized discovered symbol Subatomic particle Strange B mass val 5366.3 0.6 ul MeV c2 mean lifetime val 1.470 0.027 0.026 e 12 u s decay particle http pdg.lbl.gov 2008 tables rpp2008 tab mesons bottom strange.pdf See Subatomic particle Strange B0 decay modes electric charge 0 Elementary charge e color charge spin 0 num spin states The Subatomic particle Strange b meson is a meson composed of a bottom quark bottom antiquark and a strange quark . Its antiparticle is the Subatomic particle Strange antib meson , composed of a bottom quark and a strange antiquark. Strange B mesons are noted for their ability to B Bbar oscillation oscillate ... bibcode 2006PhRvL..97x2003A ref That is, a meson composed of a bottom quark and strange antiquark, the strange Bbar meson, can spontaneously change into an bottom antiquark and strange quark pair, the strange B meson, and vice versa. On 25 September 2006, Fermilab announced that they had claimed discovery of previously only theorized B sub s sub meson oscillation. ref name fnal cite press release ... antimatter transitions for the B s meson, which consists of the heavy bottom quark bound by the strong ... , called the particle bizarre and stated that the meson may open the door to a new era of physics ... 2007 12 08 ref Accordingly, better understanding of the meson is one of the main objectives ... of LHC Physics ref See also B meson Charmed B meson B Bbar oscillation B Subatomic particle Antib ... B Meson Category Mesons Particle stub ... more details
Infobox company company logo Image El Meson.gif 200px company name El Meson Sandwiches company type Privately held company Private owner company slogan foundation Aguadilla, Puerto Rico 1972 founder Felipe Perez Sr. spokesman location Mayag ez, Puerto Rico key people Felipe Perez Jr. President industry Fast Food products Sandwich es br Salad s br Other food products revenue profit operating income income num employees homepage http www.elmesonsandwiches.com El Meson Sandwiches.com El Meson Sandwiches is a Puerto Rico Puerto Rican fast food sandwich chain based in Mayag ez, Puerto Rico . The company sells sandwiches, breakfast, salads and other Puerto Rican foods. There are over 30 shops in the chain, which employs more than 1,000 employees . ref Taina Rosa, http www.caribbeanbusinesspr.com archives ArcDetail2.php?archID 3561&q El 20Meson El Meson de Felipe Sandwich chain thrives for 30 years by adapting its menu to consumer tastes, incorporating new store formats , Caribbean Business vol 31, no 28, accessed 20 December 2008 ref History El Meson was founded on July 4, 1972, by Felipe Perez Sr. The first store was on a strip mall in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico Aguadilla . ref http www.elmesonsandwiches.com historia english.html El Meson Sandwiches Our History accessed 15 January 2008 ref The restaurant quickly became very popular. In 1986, Felipe s eldest son, Felipe Perez Jr. became president and opened the second store in Mayag ez Mall . In 1988, the store in Plaza Las Am ricas was founded, considered a large milestone for a small company. The company continued to grow around the island. In 1996, it opened its current headquarters in Mayag ez. The store also created a new concept called Meso Express found in gas stations. There are also several stores joined with Baskin Robbins and Dunkin Donuts ,as well as a concept aimed at a more healthy menu called Meso Lite . Today, the company ... 1, 2012 ref References reflist External links http www.elmesonsandwiches.com El Meson Sandwiches Official ... more details
Infobox Particle bgcolour name Bottom eta meson Subatomic particle Bottom Eta image caption num types composition Subatomic particle Bottom quark Subatomic particle Bottom antiquark statistics Bosonic group Hadron s generation interaction particle antiparticle status theorized discovered symbol Subatomic particle Bottom Eta mass val 9388.9 3.1 2.3 val 2.7 ul MeV c2 decay time decay particle electric charge 0 Coulomb C color charge spin 0 num spin states The bottom eta meson Subatomic particle Bottom Eta or eta b meson is a flavor particle physics flavorless meson formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle . It was first observed by the BaBar experiment at SLAC in 2008, and is the lightest particle containing a bottom and anti bottom quark. See also Quarkonium , the general name for mesons formed from a quark and the corresponding antiquark. List of mesons References cite journal author Aubert, B., et al. title Observation of the Bottomonium Ground State in the Decay Subatomic particle Upsilon 3S &rarr Subatomic particle Photon Subatomic particle Bottom eta journal Phys. Rev. Lett. year 2008 volume 101 pages 071801 doi 10.1103 PhysRevLett.101.071801 pmid 18764521 issue 7 bibcode 2008PhRvL.101g1801A url http physics.aps.org pdf 10.1103 PhysRevLett.101.071801.pdf cite journal author Godfrey, S. title Searching high and low for bottomonium journal Physics year 2008 volume 1 pages 11 doi 10.1103 Physics.1.11 url http physics.aps.org articles v1 11 bibcode 2008PhyOJ...1...11G Particles Category Mesons Category Onium particle stub ... more details
In physics, vector meson dominance was a model developed by J. J. Sakurai ref J. J. Sakurai , Currents and Mesons, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1969. ref in the 1960s before the advent of QCD in order to describe interactions between photon s and hadron ic matter. In particular the hadronic components of the photon polarization tensor consist of the lightest vector mesons math rho, omega math and math phi math . Therefore interactions between photons and hadronic matter occur by the exchange of a hadron between the dressed photon and the hadronic target. Image VMD1.png thumb Hadronic contribution to the photon propagator in the VMD model Notes references Category Particle physics Category Nuclear physics Physics stub ru ... more details
meson s, are made from three kinds of fractionally charged particles, the quarks , that come in three ... led, by the summer of 1974, to theoretical predictions of what a charm anticharm meson would be like ... of the already known strange meson possibly by coincidence, J strongly resembles the Chinese character ... state or mass in MeV . Other Vector meson vector charm anticharm states are denoted similarly with ... meson s SubatomicParticle charmed B , offer a signature that indicates that quarks move freely and bind .... last2 Thews first2 R. L. last3 Rafelski first3 J. year 2000 title B sub c sub meson production in ultrarelativistic ... doi Particles DEFAULTSORT J Meson Category Mesons Category Onium cs stice J de J Meson es Mes n ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Pseudo Goldstone bosons arise in a quantum field theory with both spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking . The controlling approximate symmetries , if they were exact, would be spontaneous symmetry breaking spontaneously broken hidden , and would thus engender massless Goldstone boson s. The additional explicit symmetry breaking gives these bosons a small mass. The properties of these pseudo Goldstone bosons can normally be found by an expansion around the exactly symmetric theory in terms of the explicit symmetry breaking parameters. Quantum chromodynamics QCD , the theory of strong particle interactions, provides the best known example in nature see the article on the QCD vacuum for details. Experimentally, it is observed that the masses of the octet of pseudoscalar physics pseudoscalar meson s such as the pion are very much lighter than the next heavier quantum state state s, ie, the octet of vector meson s such as the rho meson . In QCD, this is interpreted as a consequence of spontaneous symmetry breaking of chiral symmetry in a sector of QCD with 3 flavours of light quarks. Such a theory, for idealized massless quarks, has global math SU 3 times SU 3 math chiral flavour particle physics flavour symmetry. Under SSB, this is spontaneously broken to the diagonal SU 3 , generating eight Goldstone boson s, which are the pseudoscalar mesons transforming as an adjoint representation octet representation of flavour Special unitary group SU 3 . In actual full QCD, the small quark masses further break the chiral symmetry explicitly as well. The masses of the actual pseudoscalar meson octet are found by an expansion in the quark masses, which goes by the name of chiral perturbation theory . The internal consistency of this argument is further checked by lattice QCD computations, which allow one to vary the quark mass and check that the variation of the pseudoscalar masses with the quark masses is as dictated by chiral perturbation theo ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 A scalar boson is a boson whose spin physics spin equals zero. Boson means that it has an integer valued Spin physics spin the scalar fixes this value to 0. The name scalar boson arises from quantum field theory . It refers to the particular transformation properties under Lorentz transformation . Examples Various known composite particles are scalar bosons, e.g. the alpha particle and the pi meson . Among the scalar mesons, one distinguishes between the Scalar meson scalar and Pseudoscalar meson pseudoscalar mesons, which refers to their transformation property under Parity physics parity . The only fundamental scalar boson in the standard model of elementary particle physics is the Higgs boson . It is the only elementary particle in the Standard Model that has not yet been experimentally measured February 2012 . There are various other hypothetical fundamental scalar bosons, including the inflaton . One very popular quantum field theory, which uses scalar bosonic fields and is introduced in many introductory books to quantum field theories ref cite book author Michael E. Peskin and Daniel V. Schroeder title An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory publisher Westview Press year 1995 isbn 0 201 50397 2 ref for pedagogical reasons, is the so called Quartic interaction math Phi 4 math theory . It usually serves as a toy model to introduce into the basic concepts of the field. See also Scalar meson Pseudoscalar meson Quantum field theory Scalar field theory Vector boson References reflist Particle stub date January 2012 DEFAULTSORT Scalar Boson Category Bosons Category Mesons Category Quantum field theory ... more details
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