File IBA Crosstalk weighting curve.svg 400px right Crosstalk measurement is made on audio systems to determine the amount of signal leaking across from one channel to another. Interchannel crosstalk applies between the two channels of a stereo system, and is usually not very important on modern systems, though it was hard to keep below the desired figure of 30dB or so on vinyl record ings and FM radio . Crosstalk between channels in mixing consoles, and between studio feeds is much more of a problem, as these are likely to be carrying very different programmes or material. The IBA drew up a weighting curve for use in crosstalk measurement that gives due emphasis to the subjective audibility of different frequencies, as shown here. This is still in use, despite the demise of the IBA, and in the absence of any international standards is worth adopting. See also Audio quality measurement Noise measurement Rumble measurement Headroom audio signal processing Headroom Wow & flutter measurement ITU R 468 noise weighting A weightingWeighting filter Equal loudness contour Fletcher Munson curves Sound tech stub DEFAULTSORT Crosstalk Measurement Category Audio engineering Category Broadcast engineering Category Noise Category Sound measurements ... more details
unreferenced date June 2010 The process of weighting silk fabric is the addition of metallic salts during processing for the purpose of increasing the weight of the finished goods. Unlike most fabric yard goods which are sold by the yard or metre , silk is sold to the wholesaler by weight. The first step in processing the silk fiber is degumming the fibre, the gum being a byproduct of the production of the silk fibre by the worm. Approximately one fifth of the weight of the silk fibre is lost in the degumming process, and manufacturers felt they had the right to replace this lost weight with a filler of some sort. Silk has an affinity for several metallic salts, the most common of which being iron, lead, and tin. It was discovered to be an easy process to return this weight lost in the degumming process by soaking the fibre in a bath of these metallic salts. This process was called weighting, and by increasing the weight of the raw silk, the merchant increased his profit. Weighting with some metallic salts did improve the drapeability of the fibre however greedy merchants soon began adding more weight than the lost one fifth sometimes the final weight was increased tenfold. While silk is a strong and durable fibre, the weighting process is highly damaging to the finished goods. If the garment is worn, it wears out quickly and is highly susceptible to perspiration, salt, and tears if stored away it becomes brittle and breaks. The method of storage cold dark, etc., has no influence on these factors. One readily sees examples of this damage in antique American Crazy Quilts where the silk fibres have disintegrated while the cotton and wool fibres remain in good condition, even after 100 years. This practice was widespread in the 19th century and decreased somewhat in the 20th, but is still used to some extent. An alternative is organic silk. One way to test silks for weighting ..., of course, that the silk fibres have been burned out and what is left is the metal weighting. If the sample ... more details
The rate of return on a portfolio is a Weighted mean weighted average of the Rate of return rates of return on the various assets with the weights being equal to the fractions of the individual s wealth held in these assets ref name Levy 2009 Levy,A 2009, ECON331 Uncertainty, risky assets activities and portfolio choice , lecture notes accessed 22 May 2009 elearning.uow.edu.au ref This equates to an average of the average returns on a portfolio taking into account what portion of the portfolio each individual return represents. Example rate of return on a mining stock also called r sub m sub equals 10 rate of return on a Childcare child care centre also called r sub c sub equals 8 rate of return on a fishing company also called r sub f sub equals 12 Now assume that 40 of the portfolio is in the mining stock weighting for this stock also called A sub m sub , 40 is in the child care centre weighting for this stock also called A sub c sub and the remaining 20 is in the fishing company weighting for this stock also called A sub f sub . To determine the rate of return on this portfolio, multiply the weighting of each asset by its rate of return and add these figures together for the mining stock, its weighting is 40 and its rate of return is 10 so it equals 40 x 10 .04 4 for the child care centre, its weighting is 40 and its rate of return is 8 so it equals 40 x 8 .032 3.2 for the fishing company, its weighting is 20 and its rate of return is 12 so it equals 20 x 12 .024 2.4 Adding these percentages gives 4 3.2 2.4 9.6 therefore the rate of return on this portfolio 9.6 Mathematically this whole process may be written as r sub p sub A sub m sub r sub m sub A sub c sub r sub c sub A sub f sub r sub f sub where r sub p sub equals the rate of return on the portfolio. References references Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Rate Of Return On A Portfolio Category Financial ratios ... more details
Image Integrating Sound Level Meter dB A Br el Kj r 2225.jpg thumb right Integrating Sound Level Meter In atmospheric sounding and noise pollution , ambient noise level sometimes called background noise level , reference sound level , or room noise level is the background sound pressure level at a given location, normally specified as a reference level to study a new intrusive sound source. Ambient sound levels are often measured in order to map sound conditions over a spatial regime to understand their variation with locale. In this case the product of the investigation is a sound level contour line contour map . Alternatively ambient noise levels may be measured to provide a reference point for analyzing an intrusive sound to a given environment. For example, sometimes aircraft noise is studied by measuring ambient sound without presence of any overflights, and then studying the noise addition by measurement or computer simulation of overflight events. Or roadway noise is measured as ambient sound, prior to introducing a hypothetical noise barrier intended to reduce that ambient noise level. Ambient noise level is measured with a sound level meter . It is usually measured in decibel dB above a reference pressure level of 0.00002 Pa, i.e., 20 Pa micropascals in International System of Units SI units . A pascal is a newton per square meter. The centimeter gram second system of units, the reference level for measuring ambient noise level is 0.0002 dyn cm sup 2 sup . Most frequently ambient noise levels are measured using a frequency weighting filter, the most common being the A weighting scale, such that resulting measurements are denoted dB A , or decibels on the A weighting scale. See also A weighting Background noise Environmental noise Noise barrier Noise health effects Noise pollution Noise regulation References FS1037C MS188 Category Noise Category Noise pollution Category Sound Category Acoustics de Umgebungsl rm ... more details
CTW may refer to Sesame Workshop , formerly known as the Children s Television Workshop or CTW CTW, the ICAO airline designator for Cargo Three , Panama context tree weighting CTW , a lossless compression and prediction algorithm Celcius Training Weapon , airsoft gun Change to Win Federation , a group of United States labor unions CentralWorld , a shopping mall complex in Thailand ctw TOTAL CARAT WEIGHT. Related to diamond jewellery Computer Technology Workshop activity at the Joint Statistical Meetings disambiguation fr CTW it CTW ... more details
IDW may refer to IDW Publishing Idea and Design Works , a U.S. comic book publisher Inverse distance weighting , a mathematical method for surface fitting Investigative Data Warehouse , an FBI surveillance database IDW Individual Defence Weapon , an List of modern infantry related terms and acronyms infantry related acronym idw Informationsdienst Wissenschaft idw , a news science service disambig de IDW ... more details
DBB can mean several things Daigasso Band Brothers Dasmari as Resettlement Area Dasmari as Bagong Bayan Deutscher Beamtenbund, see German Civil Service Federation Don Bosco Bandel Deutsche Bundesbahn Deutsche Bundesbank C weighting B.2C C and D weightings B weighted decibel Duffle Bag Boy disambig de DBB eo DBB fr DBB it DBB ... more details
Multiple issues orphan September 2010 unreferenced July 2010 date January 2011 File Luggage weighting scale.jpeg thumb right Baggage weighing scale A luggage Weighing scale scale also called suitcase scale is used to weigh luggage before going to an airport to avoid luggage being overweight. DEFAULTSORT Luggage Scale Category Weighing scales tech stub ... more details
Refimprove date February 2007 In telecommunication s, the term channel noise level has the following meanings The ratio of the channel communications channel signal noise noise at any point in a transmission system to an arbitrary level chosen as a reference. ref The channel noise level may be expressed in a decibel dB above reference noise dBrn , b dB above reference noise with C message weighting dBrnC , or c adjusted dB A weighting dBa . ref ref Each unit used to measure channel noise level reflects a Telecommunication circuit circuit noise reading of a specialized instrument designed to account for different Interference communication interference effects that occur under specified conditions. ref The noise power spectral density in the frequency range of interest. Citation needed date July 2011 The average noise power in the frequency range of interest. Citation needed date July 2011 Notes Reflist FS1037C MS188 Category Noise ... more details
, GLBP allows a weighting parameter to be set. Based on this weighting compared to others in the same ... Virtual Gateway IP for Group 1 glbp 1 weighting 100 lower 91 upper 99 Threshold of 91 99 If it fails ... Traffic as round robin, Makes it True Load balancing. glbp 1 weighting track 1 The weight is based ... 2 glbp 2 weighting 100 lower 91 upper 99 Threshold of 91 99 If it fails the weight will drop ... robin, Makes it True Load balancing. glbp 2 weighting track 1 The weight is based on the Track 1 interface ... 1 weighting 100 lower 91 upper 99 Threshold of 91 99 If it fails the weight will drop below 91 and state ... it True Load balancing. glbp 1 weighting track 1 The weight is based on the Track 1 interface watching Serial 0 0 0.101 glbp 2 ip Gateway IP Your Virtual Gateway IP for Group 2 glbp 2 weighting 100 lower .... glbp 2 weighting track 1 The weight is based on the Track 1 interface watching Serial 0 0 0.101 ... Gateway 2 IP mask 255.255.255.0 Virtual Gateway 2 has to be in BGP. Example Load Sharing GLBP weighting ... through MAC assignment. Each GLBP router in the group will advertise its weighting and assignment ... 1 ip x.x.x.x You Virtual Gateway glbp 1 weighting 100 lower 91 upper 99 Threshold of 91 99 If it fails ... Balance according to weight. glbp 1 weighting 160 Higher the weight the Higher Priority glbp 1 weighting ... Virtual Gateway IP. glbp 1 ip x.x.x.x You Virtual Gateway glbp 1 weighting 100 lower 91 upper 99 Range ... weighted Will Load Balance according to weight. glbp 1 weighting 80 Weight is lower on this router, traffic will be directed through the other router glbp 1 weighting track 1 The weight is based on the Track ..., min delay 60 sec Active is local Standby is unknown Priority 254 configured Weighting 105 configured ... enabled, min delay 60 sec Active is local, weighting 105 pre The following is sample output ... configured Weighting 105 configured 110 , thresholds lower 95, upper 105 Track object 2 state Down ... Redirection enabled Preemption enabled, min delay 60 sec Active is local, weighting 105 pre ... more details
exist that define how rumble should be measured, they all have a common basis, and use the weighting ... noise weighting A weightingWeighting filter Equal loudness contour Fletcher Munson curves DEFAULTSORT ... more details
as to contribute insignificantly to what is heard. Origins of noise the need for Weighting Microphones ... way that our ears do, a process referred to as weighting . Thirdly, the rectifier or detector that is used ... method, with defined measurement bandwidth and weighting curve, and rectifier dynamics. The two main methods defined by current standards are A weighting and ITU R 468 formerly known as CCIR weighting . A weighting A weighting uses a weighting curve based on equal loudness contours that describe our ... for noise components was wrong. Citation needed date December 2008 While the A weighting curve ... at 6 kHz. Citation needed date December 2008 Another weakness of A weighting is that it is usually ... to account for proper hearing dynamics. Dubious date April 2010 ITU R 468 weighting Image Lindos3.svg ... one which used a harsher weighting filter and a quasi peak rectifier, defined as part of the German ... generates predominantly high frequency hiss, also showed up the unsatisfactory nature of A weighting, and the BBC Research Department undertook a research project to determine which of several weighting ... EL 17 formed the basis of what became known as CCIR recommendation 468, which specified both a new weighting ... they represent what we truly hear, ITU R 468 noise weighting gives figures that are typically some 11dB ... the flawed A weighting has made a comeback in the consumer field recently, for the simple reason ... measurement Noise Sound level meter ITU R 468 noise weighting Noise measurement Headroom audio signal processing Headroom Weighting filter Equal loudness contour Fletcher Munson curves References Reflist ... more details
DBA may refer to In academic contexts Doctor of Business Administration , a research based doctorate degree In business Dallas Bar Association , professional organization for lawyers in Dallas, Texas, U.S. DBA airline , a former low cost German airline Defense Base Act , type of insurance that covers employees at U.S. defense bases overseas Doing business as , legal term related to the name a business uses In music Dead by April , a pop metal band from Sweden Death By Audio , a Venue, Effect Pedal Company and Record Label in Brooklyn, NY In science Diamond Blackfan anemia , congenital medical condition Dibenzylideneacetone , organic compound used as a sunscreen Dilute, Brown and non Agouti , strain of laboratory mice developed by C. C. Little Dolichos biflorus agglutinin , cell surface lectin In technology A weighting dBA , decibel A weighting, an Weighting filter Environmental noise measurement environmental noise measurement DarkBASIC , a computer language and associated programming environment designed to simplify the creation of 3 D video games. Saves in .dba format. Database administrator , a person responsible for the environmental aspects of a database Database administration , a technical function concerned with the effective use and control of a particular database and of its related applications Design basis accident , scenario in nuclear facilities Dynamic bandwidth allocation , telecommunications algorithm In other uses Bolkhovitinov DB A , 1930s Soviet heavy bomber De Bellis Antiquitatis , tabletop wargame disambig de DBA es DBA eo DBA fr DBA ko DBA it DBA nl DBA ja DBA pl DBA ru DBA sv DBA ... more details
Index Selection is a method of artificial selection in which several useful traits are selected simultaneously. First, each trait that is going to be selected is assigned a weight the importance of the trait. I.e., if you were selecting for both height and the coat darkness in dogs, if height were the more important of the two one would assign that a higher weighting. For instance, height s weighting could be ten and coat darkness could be one. This weighting value is then multiplied by the observed value in each individual animal and then the score for each of the characteristics is summed for each individual. This result is the index score and can be used to compare the worth of each organism being selected. Therefore, only those with the highest index score are selected for breeding via artificial selection. This method has advantages over other methods of artificial selection, such as tandem selection , in that you can select for traits simultaneously rather than sequentially. Thereby, no useful traits are being excluded from selection at any one time and so none will stagnate or reverse while you concentrate on improving another property of the organism. However, its major disadvantage is that the weightings assigned to each characteristic are inherently quite hard to calculate precisely and so require some elements of trial and error before they become optimal to the breeder. The selection index theory is well described in http agtr.ilri.cgiar.org index.php?option com content&view article&id 74&Itemid 185 Erling Strandberg and Birgitte Malmfors s notes under the headings Genetic Evaluation. Calculation of a selection index based on actual data can be carried out using an applet made by Knud Christensen. The applet can be found http www.ihh.kvl.dk htm kc popgen genetik applets selind.htm here Category Breeding Genetics stub ... more details
Bandwidth expansion is a technique for widening the Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth or the resonances in an Linear predictive coding LPC filter. This is done by moving all the Pole complex analysis poles towards the origin by a constant factor math gamma math . The bandwidth expanded filter math A z math can be easily derived from the original Digital filter filter math A z math by math A z A z gamma math Let math A z math be expressed as math A z sum k 0 N a kz k math The bandwidth expanded filter can be expressed as math A z sum k 0 N a k gamma kz k math In other words, each Linear prediction coefficient math a k math in the original filter is simply multiplied by math gamma k math in the bandwidth expanded filter. The simplicity of this transformation makes it attractive, especially in CELP coding of speech, where it is often used for the perceptual noise Weighting filter weighting and or to stabilize the LPC analysis. However, when it comes to stabilizing the LPC analysis, lag windowing is often preferred to bandwidth expansion. References P. Kabal, Ill Conditioning and Bandwidth Expansion in Linear Prediction of Speech , Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing , pp. I 824 I 827, 2003. Category Signal processing ... more details
Image Nicmoslook.jpg thumb 285px right Screenshot of NICMOSlook NICMOSlook is a computer program to analyze spectral data obtained with the Near Infrared Camera and Multi Object Spectrometer NICMOS on board the Hubble Space Telescope HST . The program was designed at the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility ST ECF and is programmed in IDL programming language IDL . The program is available from their website. One of the capabilities of NICMOS is its grism mode for slitless spectrometry at low resolution. Typically, a direct image is taken in conjunction with grism images for wavelength calibration. NICMOSlook is a highly specialized interactive tool to extract one dimensional spectra flux versus wavelength from such data. NICMOSlook has a non interactive counterpart Calnic C , a program that performs a subset of NICMOSlook s functions in a pipelined approach. NICMOSlook is most commonly used for small amounts of data when users prefer to have full control of all the parameters for individual spectrum extraction, or for cases where Calnic C did not extract the spectra satisfactorily. Unlike Calnic C, NICMOSlook requires the user to determine the best way to find an object and provides a number of different ways to accomplish this. Similarly, the user decides whether to use a weighting appropriate for point sources or weighting by the size of the object for the extraction of the spectra. External links http www.stecf.org nicmos nicmoslook ST ECF page for NICMOSlook Hubble Space Telescope Category Hubble Space Telescope Category Astronomy software ... more details
In telecommunication , reference noise is the magnitude of Telecommunication circuit circuit noise chosen as a reference for measurement. Many different levels with a number of different weightings are in current use, and care must be taken to ensure that the proper parameters are stated. Specific ones include A weighting dBa , dBa F1A , dBa HA1 , dBa0, dBm , dBm psoph , dBm0 , dBrn , dBrnC , dBrnC0, dBrn f sub 1 sub f sub 2 sub , dBrn 144 line , dBx. References FS1037C MS188 Category Noise Category Communication circuits Category Telecommunications terms telecomm term stub ... more details
An information retrieval query language is a query language used to make queries into database, where the semantics of the query are defined not by a precise rendering of a formal syntax, but by an interpretation of the most suitable results of the query. Of importance in IR query languages is weighting and ranking, relevance orientation , semantic relativism and logic based probabilism. An example of an IR query language is Contextual Query Language CQL , a formal language for representing queries to Information Retrieval systems such as web indexes, bibliographic catalogs and museum collection information. See also Controlled vocabulary Free text searching Information retrieval SQL Document retrieval Text retrieval Database query language External links http zing.z3950.org cql CQL Common Query Language Database Category Query languages compu lang stub de Abfragesprache ... more details
This is a list of noise topics . Engineering and physics 1 f noise A weighting Ambient noise level Antenna noise temperature Artificial noise Audio noise reduction Audio system measurements Bel , Bel acoustics Black noise Blue noise Burst noise Carrier to receiver noise density Channel noise level Circuit noise level Colors of noise Comfort noise Comfort Noise Generator Cosmic noise A weighting DBa DBrn Decibel Detection theory Dither Dynamic range Effective input noise temperature Environmental noise Equivalent noise resistance Equivalent pulse code modulation noise Errors and residuals in statistics Fixed pattern noise Flicker noise Gaussian noise Generation recombination noise Image noise Image noise reduction Intermodulation noise Internet background noise ITU R 468 noise weighting Jansky noise Johnson Nyquist noise , Johnson noise Line noise Mode partition noise Neuronal noise Noise Noise audio Noise economic Noise electronic Noise environmental Noise physics Noise radio Noise video Noise current Noise equivalent power Noise figure Noise floor Noise gate Noise level Noise measurement Noise power Noise print Noise shaping Noise temperature Noise wall Noise weighting Noisy black Noisy white Peak signal to noise ratio Perlin noise Phase noise Photon noise Pink noise Pseudonoise pseudorandom noise Quantization noise Quantum 1 f noise Radio noise source Random noise Received noise power Red noise Reference noise Salt and pepper noise Shot noise Signal to noise ratio Statistical noise Stochastic resonance Tape hiss Thermal noise Underwater acoustics White noise White noise machine Environmental Artificial noise Aircraft noise Background noise Impulse noise Industrial noise Noise acoustic Noise barrier Noise control Noise health effects Noise pollution Noise regulation Roadway noise Train noise Noise reduction Active noise control anti noise DBX noise reduction Differential signaling Dolby noise reduction system Helicopter noise reduction Hush kit Low noise amplifier Low ... more details
effects Noise control Noise mitigation Noise pollution Noise regulation Protective clothing A weighting ITU R 468 noise weightingWeighting filter Equal loudness contour Safe In Sound Award Excellence ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Colors of noise Grey noise is random noise subjected to a psychoacoustic equal loudness curve such as an inverted A weighting curve over a given range of frequencies, giving the listener the perception that it is equally loud at all frequencies. Image Gray noise spectrum.png thumb left Gray noise spectrum This is in contrast to white noise , noise which is in fact equally loud at all frequencies but not perceived as such due to psychoacoustics . See Colors of noise . Listen filename Gray noise.ogg title 10 seconds of grey noise description Noise DEFAULTSORT Grey Noise Telecomm stub ca Soroll gris eo Griza bruo ru uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date September 2008 The Elektronika MK 18M Russian 18 was a scientific calculator manufactured in the Soviet Union . It was released in 1986 . Image MK18M.JPG thumb right Technical specifications Display fluorescent, green color, contains 8 digits minus sign error sign Power 4 x AA batteries or AC adapter with charging function with 3 pin connector, power consumption 0.7W 20 buttons Case aluminium plastic Supported numbers range 10E 7 ... 10E8 1 Size 170x86.5x27mm, weighting around 350 gram s Ambient temperature range 10... 35 C DEFAULTSORT Elektronika Mk 18m Category 1986 introductions Category Calculators Electronics stub ru 18 ... more details
The All Share Price Index is one of the principal stock indices of the Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka . ASPI measures the movement of share prices of all listed companies. It is based on market capitalisation. Weighting of shares is conducted in proportion to the issued ordinary capital of the listed companies, valued at current market price i.e. market capitalisation . The base year is 1985, and the base value of the index is 100. This is the longest and the broadest measure of the Sri Lankan Stock market. Category Economy of Sri Lanka Category Asian stock market indices Stockexchange stub SriLanka stub id Indeks Harga Semua Saham ... more details
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