Refimprove date June 2008 Expert subject psychology date May 2009 A psychologicalevaluation in the vernacular, psych eval or mental examination is an examination into a person s mental health by a mental health professional such as a psychologist . A psychologicalevaluation may result in a diagnosis ... questions of the person being evaluated, but not always. In psychological evaluations the administration of standardized psychological test s either by a psychologist, or by someone the psychologist supervises, are often a component of the evaluation. Situations requiring psychological evaluations ... or other jobs handling state secrets , may be required to submit to a psychologicalevaluation ... a psychologicalevaluation. Court s presiding over child custody conflicts may appoint a psychological ... reflist Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT PsychologicalEvaluation Category Psychiatric assessment Category Psychological testing psych stub ca Avaluaci psicol gica es Evaluaci n psicol gica ... . Methodology Expand section date June 2008 Psychological assessment may come in two forms formal ... scales, while in informal assessment the interview evaluation usually lacks such structure or organization ... s may order a competency evaluation law competency evaluation of a defendant to determine competence ... title Psychological Testing edition Seventh location Upper Saddle River NJ publisher Prentice ... Psychological Testing 7E 9780023030857.page laydate 28 July 2010 ref harv Cite book title Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment Volume I Intellectual and Neurological Assessment editor1 ... Cite book title Psychological Testing History, Principles, and Applications last Gregory first Robert ... laysummary http www.pearsonhighered.com bookseller product Psychological Testing History Principles ... of Psychological Assessment last Groth Marnat first Gary year 2009 publisher Wiley location Hoboken ... productCd 0470083581.html laydate 11 September 2010 ref harv Cite book title Psychological Testing ... more details
2011 cleanup September 2008 TOC right Evaluation is systematic determination of merit, worth, and significance of something or someone using criteria against a set of standards. Evaluation often ... , health care , and other human services. Definition Evaluation is the comparison of actual ... a completed project or an organisation that is no longer functioning. Evaluation is inherently a theoretically informed approach whether explicitly or not , and consequently a definition of evaluation would have be tailored to the theory, approach, needs, purpose and methodology of the evaluation itself. Having said this, evaluation has been defined as A systematic, rigorous, and meticulous application ..., H.E. year 2004 title Evaluation A systematic approach edition 7th location Thousand Oaks publisher ... Evaluating the evaluation Understanding the utility and limitations of evaluation as a tool for organizational ... The main purpose of a program evaluation can be to determine the quality of a program by formulating ... 15 3 307.abstract title How Legitimate and Justified are Judgments in Program Evaluation? journal Evaluation ..., evaluation is a contested term , as evaluators use the term evaluation to describe an assessment, or investigation of a program whilst others simply understand evaluation as being synonymous with applied research. There are two function considering to the evaluation purpose Formative Evaluations ... program outcomes or evaluation findings and a full list of types of evaluations would be difficult to compile. ref name ReevePeerbhoy2007 This is because evaluation is not part of a unified theoretical ... author Potter, C. year 2006 title Psychology and the art of program evaluation journal South ... there have been tremendous theoretical and methodological developments within the field of evaluation ... as unlike medicine, evaluation is not a discipline that has been developed by practicing professionals ... that will walk us through any evaluation step by step , or provide a clear definition of what evaluation ... more details
Infobox Journal title Psychological Review cover File Psychological Review.gif editors Keith Rayner discipline Psychology abbreviation Psychol. Rev. publisher American Psychological Association country United States frequency Quarterly history 1894 present openaccess impact 9.082 impact year 2009 website http www.apa.org journals rev RSS http content.apa.org journals rev.rss JSTOR OCLC 1318836 LCCN CODEN ISSN 0033 295X eISSN Psychological Review is a scientific journal that publishes articles on psychology psychological theory . It was founded by Princeton psychologist James Mark Baldwin and Columbia psychologist James McKeen Cattell in 1894 as a publication vehicle for psychologists not connected with the Clark University Clark laboratory of G. Stanley Hall who often published in Hall s American Journal of Psychology . Psychological Review soon became the most prominent and influential psychology journal in North America, publishing important articles by William James , John Dewey , James Rowland Angell , and many others. In the early years of the 20th century, Baldwin purchased Cattell s interest in the journal, but was forced to sell the journal to Howard Warren in 1908 when scandal ... used the journal to advance his school of behaviorism . Psychological Review was eventually sold by Warren to the American Psychological Association who has owned it ever since. Psychological Review .... With the rise of a wide variety of other psychology journals, it gradually came to focus on psychological theory. According to its website, blockquote Psychological Review publishes articles that make ... that advance theory, but systematic evaluation of alternative theories in a given domain will also ... Psychological Review Full texts available online List of free Psychological Review articles available ... English language journals Category Quarterly journals Category American Psychological Association academic journals psych stub pl Psychological Review zh ... more details
primary sources date November 2011 In computer science , the gulf of evaluation is the degree to which the system Artifact software development artifact provides group representation representations that can be directly perceived and interpreted in terms of the expectations and intentions of the user computing user . ref Norman, D The Gulf of Evaluation , page 51. Basic Books, 1988. ref Or put differently, the gulf of evaluation is the difficulty of assessing the state of the system and how well the artifact supports the discovery and interpretation of that state. According to Donald Norman s The Design of Everyday Things The gulf is small when the system provides information about its state in a form that is easy to get, is easy to interpret, and matches the way the person thinks of the system . ref Norman, D The Gulf of Evaluation , page 51. Basic Books, 1988. ref In human computer interaction , the term of gulf of evaluation stands for the psychological gap that must be crossed to interpret a user interface display, following the steps interface perception interpretation evaluation. See also Gulf of execution References references DEFAULTSORT Gulf Of Evaluation Category Human computer interaction ... more details
For other forms of egoism Egoism disambiguation mergefrom Psychological hedonism discuss Talk Psychological egoism Hedonism merger .28again.29 date February 2012 Psychological egoism is the view that humans ..., such as ethical egoism and rational egoism . A specific form of psychological egoism is psychological ... pleasure or to avoid suffering pain . Many discussions of psychological egoism focus on this variety ... of eudaimonia as self interested. ref The debate Psychological egoism is controversial. Proponents ... 1789. Thomas Hobbes is also often read as a psychological egoist, but this is fairly controversial ... Basis for Psychological Egoism, Journal of Philosophy 61 530 537 ref Critics argue that it is false ... Batson Batson, C.D. 1991 . The Altruism Question Toward a Social Psychological Answer , Hillsdale, N.J. ... Press ref Critics have also stated that proponents of psychological egoism often confuse the satisfaction ... philosophy. Year 1996. Chapter 1. Psychological Egoism. By Edward Jarvis Bond. ref Psychological egoism ... it, one could also ameliorate those personal sentiments. The problem of apparent altruism Psychological ... as self interested. Psychological egoists, however, respond that helping others in such ways is ultimately ... Hobbes Hobbes, Thomas 1650 . Human Nature , public domain ref . According to psychological hedonism a form of psychological egoism , the ultimate egoistic motive is to gain good feelings of pleasure and avoid bad feelings of pain. Other, less restricted forms of psychological egoism may allow the ultimate ... toward one s actions, although a psychological egoist may argue that the soldier experiences moral positivity ... is avoiding negativity associated with the thought of all his comrades dying. Psychological egoists ..., finally, the dog sits without requiring a biscuit. Psychological egoists could claim that such actions ... Psychological egoism has been accused of being Begging the question circular If a person willingly .... Joel Feinberg , in his 1958 in literature 1958 paper Psychological Egoism , embraces a similar ... more details
Psychological Injury refers to psychological or psychiatric conditions associated with an event that leads .... ref Kane & Dvoskin, 2011 ref Kane, A. W., & Dvoskin, J. A. 2011 . Evaluation for personal ... Neil, 2006 ref Koch, W. J., Douglas, K. S., Nicholls, T. L., & O Neill, M. L. 2006 . Psychological injuries .... ref 2011 ref Young, G. 2011 . Erratum to Trends in psychological psychiatric injury and law Continuing education, practice comments, recommendations. Psychological Injury and Law, 4, 56 87. ref Young, Kane, & Nicholson, 2006, ref Young, G., Kane, A. W., & Nicholson, K. 2006 . Psychological knowledge ... ref Young, G., Kane, A. W., & Nicholson, K. 2007 . Causality of psychological injury Presenting evidence in court. New York Springer Science Business Media. ISBN 1441942149. ref . Legally, psychological ... as a direct result of some action or failure to act by some individual. The psychological injury must reach a degree of disturbance of the pre existing psychological psychiatric state such that it interferes ... may be able to sue for compensation damages. Typically, a psychological injury may involve Posttraumatic ... at obtaining compensation against whomever is considered responsible for the injury. Psychological Injury In the following, psychological injury is discussed in relation to the law, forensic psychology ..., psychological tests and testing, and causality. Psychological Injury and Law Research and practice in the scientific field of psychological injury are predictably and intimately associated with legal .... This association between psychological injury and law began to be recognized as a distinct scholarly ... of the first scientific society the Association for the Scientific Advancement of Psychological Injury and Law, or ASAPIL, www.asapil.net and the first journal, Psychological Injury and Law , devoted exclusively to this topic see Young, 2008a, ref Young, G. 2008a . Psychological injury and law Introduction to the first issue. Psychological Injury and Law, 1, 7 10. ref for a review ... more details
A psychological contract represents the mutual beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations between an employer and an employee . It sets the dynamics for the relationship and defines the detailed practicality of the work to be done. It is distinguishable from the formal written contract of employment which, for the most part, only identifies mutual duties and responsibilities in a generalized form. History As commercial organization s grew in size and complexity, there was a tendency to standardize ... they want to get out of their psychological contracts e.g., transferable skills now vs. life ... into the parallel psychological contract will depend on whether both parties believe that they should .... These are imprecise in their definition and uncertain in much of their operation. But, in psychological ... reflects these two strands by dividing the psychological contract into transactional this is the economic ... and draw the boundaries of mutual expectation. Hence, the psychological contract determines what the parties ... psychological contract can result in employees becoming disenchanted, demotivated and resentful ... their obligations to their subordinates. Breach of the psychological contract Psychological ... citizenship behaviors. Perceptions that once psychological contract has been breached ... cause a breach of the psychological contract. Bibliography Conway, Neil & Briner, Rob B. Understanding Psychological Contracts at Work A Critical Evaluation of Theory and Research . Oxford, UK Oxford University Press, 2005 Cullinane, Niall and Dundon, Tony. The psychological contract a critical ... 6 9 1999 . Denise Rousseau Rousseau, Denise M . Psychological Contracts in Organizations Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements . Newbury Park, CA Sage, 1996 . Guest, David E. Is the psychological ..., Scott W Kickul, Jill. Psychological contracts in the 21st century What employees value most and how ... . Boddy, John. Negotiating the psychological contract . Training Journal , Aug 2000 10. Jenna Pickup ... more details
provides different psychologicalevaluation devices in order to examine the various aspects of the discomfort ... Testing? Psychology Psychologic and psychiatric evaluation and testing DEFAULTSORT Psychological ...Diagnostic infobox Name Psychological testing Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10PCS GZ1 G Z 1 ICD9 ... sidebar Psychological testing is a field characterized by the use of samples of behavior in order to assess psychological construct s , such as cognitive and emotional functioning, about a given individual. The technical term for the science behind psychological testing is psychometrics . By samples ... of a Norm referenced test norm group . Psychological tests A psychological test is an instrument designed to measure unobserved constructs, also known as latent variables . Psychological .... Psychological tests can strongly resemble questionnaires , which are also designed to measure unobserved constructs, but differ in that psychological tests ask for a respondent s maximum performance ... van Kessel Publishing. ref A useful psychological test must be both test validity valid i.e., there is evidence ... Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. 1999 . Standards for educational and psychological testing . Washington, DC American Educational ... mean that it is also invariant in another population e.g. Japan . Psychological assessment Psychological assessment is similar to psychological testing but usually involves a more comprehensive assessment of the individual. Psychological assessment is a process that involves the integration .... A psychological test is one of the sources of data used within the process of assessment usually ..., but psychological assessment is a more complex, detailed, in depth process. Typical types of focus for psychological assessment are to provide a diagnosis for treatment settings to assess a particular ... or training. ref Standards for Education and Training in Psychological Assessment Position of the Society ... more details
January 2012 Empowerment evaluation is an evaluation approach designed to help communities monitor ..., Empowerment evaluation is the use of evaluation concepts, techniques, and findings to foster improvement and self determination Fetterman, 1994 . An expanded definition is Empowerment evaluation is an evaluation ... . Scope Empowerment evaluation has been used in programs ranging from a fifteen million dollar Hewlett ... women s shelter s Andrews, 1996 . Empowerment evaluation has been used in government, foundation ... videos of international projects ref History and scholarship Empowerment evaluation was introduced in 1993 by David Fetterman during his Presidential Address at the American Evaluation Association s AEA annual meeting Fetterman, 1994 . Empowerment Evaluation Knowledge and Tools for Self assessment and Accountability Fetterman, Kaftarian, and Wandersman, 1996 , the first empowerment evaluation ... the scope of empowerment evaluation ranging from its use in a national educational reform movement to its endorsement by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation s Director of Evaluation. The book also presented examples of empowerment evaluation in various contexts, including federal, state, and local government ... as workshop and technical assistance tools. Foundations of Empowerment Evaluation Fetterman, 2001b ... was pragmatic providing clear steps and case examples of empowerment evaluation work. It also highlighted the role of the Internet to facilitate and disseminate the approach. The third empowerment evaluation book was titled Empowerment evaluation principles in practice Fetterman & Wandersman, 2005 ... principle and presenting substantive examples of outcomes. Case examples of empowerment evaluation .... See Donaldson, 2005 review of Empowerment evaluation principles in practice . Theories The primary theories guiding empowerment evaluation are process use and theories of use and action Argyris ... empowerment evaluation in practice, because it cultivates ownership by placing the approach in community ... more details
mergeto Psychological egoism discuss Talk Psychological egoism Hedonism merger .28again.29 date February 2012 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Psychological hedonism is the theory that all human choice is motivated by a desire emotion desire for pleasure or an aversion to suffering . This theory does not deny the existence of seemingly altruism altruistic actions. However, it claims that when sane people choose to help others, it is because of the pleasure they themselves obtain, directly or indirectly, from doing so rather than for truly altruistic motives. Psychological hedonism is a special case of psychological egoism , the theory that all actions are motivated by self interest, in which the concept of self interest is equated with pleasure. All the arguments and counter arguments presented in the article on psychological egoism also apply to psychological hedonism. See also Hedonism Psych stub DEFAULTSORT Psychological Hedonism Category Motivational theories Category Hedonism ... more details
http peripatus.blogspot.com 2005 07 psychological determinism.html Dr. Daniel Bader discusses two forms of psychological determinism Orectic psychological determinism is the view that we must always act upon our greatest drive. This is often called psychological hedonism , and if the drive is specified for self interest psychological egoism . Rational psychological determinism claims that we must always act according to our strongest or best reason. See also Amoralism Determinism Empathy Free will Moral skepticism External links http www.utilitarianism.com psychohed.htm Psychology Determinism DEFAULTSORT Psychological Determinism Category Motivational theories psych stub ... more details
More footnotes date September 2011 Educational research Educational evaluation is the evaluation process ... purposes in educational evaluation which are, at times, in conflict with one another. Educational institutions usually require evaluation data to demonstrate effectiveness to funders and other stakeholders, and to provide a measure of performance for marketing purposes. Educational evaluation is also ... review and enhance the learning they are endeavoring to facilitate. Standards for educational evaluation The Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation published three sets of standards for educational evaluations. The Personnel Evaluation Standards ref Personnel was published in 1988, The Program Evaluation Standards 2nd edition ref Program was published in 1994, and The Student Evaluations ..., implementing, assessing and improving the identified form of evaluation. Each of the standards ..., feasible, and accurate. The Personnel Evaluation Standards The propriety standards require that evaluations ..., timely, and influential. The feasibility standards call for evaluation systems that are as easy ... be technically accurate and that conclusions be linked logically to the data. The Program Evaluation Standards The utility standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will serve the information needs of intended users. The feasibility standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation ... that an evaluation will be conducted legally, ethically, and with due regard for the welfare of those involved in the evaluation, as well as those affected by its results. The accuracy standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will reveal and convey technically adequate information about the features that determine worth or merit of the program being evaluated. The Student Evaluation Standards ..., and with regard to the rights of students and other persons affected by student evaluation. The Utility ... and performance. Criticism of educational evaluationEvaluation in a democratic school Sudbury model ... more details
File Thrifty Gas Prices in San Pedro 2008 06 04.jpg thumb 150px Example of psychological pricing at a gas station Psychological pricing or price ending is a marketing practice based on the theory that certain prices have a psychological impact. The retail prices are often expressed as odd prices a little less than a round number, e.g. 19.99 or 2.98. The theory is this drives demand greater than would be expected if consumers were homo economicus perfectly rational . Psychological pricing is one cause of price points . Overview According to a 1997 study published in the Marketing Bulletin , approximately 60 of prices in advertising material ended in the digit 9, 30 ended in the digit 5, 7 ended in the digit 0 and the remaining seven digits combined accounted for only slightly over 3 of prices evaluated. ref http marketing bulletin.massey.ac.nz V8 MB V8 N1 Holdershaw.pdf The Widespread Use Of Odd Pricing In The Retail Sector , Marketing Bulletin , 1997, 8, Research Note 1, J Holdershaw, P ... although in Europe the sales tax is generally included in the shelf price . The psychological pricing ... because their judgments are anchored on the left most digit. The theory of psychological pricing is controversial .... The research showed a clear trend towards psychological pricing after the transition. Further, Benford ... and with it a clear trend towards psychological pricing after the nominal shock of the euro ... shock Benford s Law and psychological pricing after the euro introduction. International Journal ... psychological pricing relevant for the study of politics and public policy. ref Ashworth, J., Heyndels, B., & Smolders, C. 2003 . Psychological taxing in Flemish municipalities. Journal of Economic ... content 6013172346gmv4j5 ref Historical comments Exactly how psychological pricing came into common ... An Evaluation in a New Context PDF http www.findarticles.com p articles mi qa3694 is 200112 ai n9011739 ... grahamjones perfect pricing The Psychology of Online Pricing DEFAULTSORT Psychological Pricing Category ... more details
Expert subject Psychology date December 2011 Psychological trauma is a type of damage to the psyche psychology ... with the immediate circumstances. Psychological trauma can lead to serious long term negative consequences ... sites dmh files report cafu DMH CAFU Psychological Trauma Moroz.pdf ref Trauma ... ref Psychological trauma may accompany physical trauma or exist independently of it. Typical causes and dangers of psychological trauma are sexual abuse , bullying , domestic violence , indoctrination ... or other mass violence can also cause psychological trauma. Long term exposure to situations such as extreme ... past events. Upsetting memories such as images, thoughts, or flashback psychological phenomenon flashback ... content 2010 s3035410.htm ref mental illnesses and or other effects of psychological trauma. ref ... accidents car, train, or plane crashes, etc. or medical emergencies. Responses to psychological trauma ..., John Scott, Catherine title Principles of Trauma Therapy A Guide to Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment ... oclc doi accessdate ref The experience and outcomes of psychological trauma can be assessed in a number ... s social support network. Before assessing an individual s psychological symptoms, it is necessary to determine whether the individual has returned to a state of psychological stability. If an individual ... , it may not be appropriate or possible to conduct a psychological assessment until intervention ... activities. Though assessment of psychological trauma may be conducted in an unstructured manner ... of psychological trauma might include the use of self administered psychological tests. Individuals ... of functioning compares to others in a sample representative of the general population. Psychological ... non trauma specific symptoms as well as difficulties related to personality. In addition, psychological ... EB. title Dissemination of evidence based psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder ... French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot argued When date February 2011 that psychological trauma was the origin ... more details
expert subject Psychology date August 2009 Psychological torture is a type of torture that relies primarily on psychological effects, and only secondarily on any physical harm inflicted. Although not all psychological torture involves the use of physical violence, there is a continuum between psychological torture and physical torture. The two are often used in conjunction with one another, and often ... psychological effects, and many forms of psychological torture involving some form of pain or coercion. Many forms of psychological torture methods attempt to destroy the subject s normal self image ... , psychological regression and depersonalization . Other techniques include enforced nudity ... real pain induces vicarious suffering in the targeted psychological victim, who is thus loaded with guilt but spared physical harm that might affect his or her ability to comply. While psychological torture ... psychological rather than physical torture it can result in similar levels of permanent mental damage to its victims. ref cite web url http www.newscientist.com article dn11313 psychological torture as bad as physical torture.html title Psychological torture as bad as physical torture author Roxanne Khamsi publisher New Scientist date 5 March 2007 ref It has been alleged that some psychological ... web url http www.mindhacks.com blog 2008 02 psychological tortur.html title Psychological torture ... extensive use of psychological torture techniques at Guantanamo Bay and other sites subsequent ... title The US psychological torture system is finally on trial author Naomi Klein publisher ... 11 mccoy title The CIA s secret history of psychological torture publisher Salon.com author Alfred W. McCoy date June 11, 2009 ref Many other countries have been accused of using psychological torture ... Kingdom government guilty of using psychological torture on Irish Republican Army IRA political detainees ... References reflist DEFAULTSORT Psychological Torture Category Torture Category Psychological abuse ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 Psychological nominalism is the view advanced in Wilfrid Sellars paper Empiricism and Philosophy of Mind EPM that explains psychological concepts in terms of public language use. Sellars describes psychological nominalism as the view that all awareness of sorts, resemblances, facts, etc., in short, all awareness is a linguistic affair. Judging solely from the mention in EPM, Psychological Nominalism would seem to be a form of Verbal Behaviorism, which holds that ascriptions of psychological states are definitionally equivalent to predictions about behavior. For example, the verbal behavior Verbal Behaviorist holds that a statement like John is scared of thunderstorms is meaningful only insofar as it can be parsed into predictions concerning the sorts of things John is likely to say and or do in the event of a thunderstom i.e. John will say, or have a propensity to say, I am scared when he hears thunder or John will hide, or have a propensity to hide, his face when he sees lightning . Psychological Nominalism extends the Verbal Behaviorist s explanation of psychological states like fear, love, desire, thinking etc. to cognitive states being aware, knowing, etc. while denying the premise that falsifiability criteria can give statements their meaning. The Psychological Nominalist concedes that survival of mental terminology in natural language can be explained in terms of the practical utility of mental state ascriptions, but denies that this constitutes an analysis of the meaning of any particular mental state ascription because the Psychological Nominalist contends that the meaning of any term, mental or otherwise, is irreducibly bound with its usage. Thus, the Verbal Behaviorist fails to give a completely philosophically satisfying account of psychological statements because he fails to recognize that the linguistic statements are themselves meaningful in light of the kinds of behavior associated with them. Category Epistemological theories ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A psychological punishment is a type of punishment that relies not or only in secondary order on the actual harm inflicted such as corporal punishment s or fines but on psychological effects, mainly emotions, such as fear, shame and guilt. This can occasionally cause severe cardiac harm, even death, but those are not strictly intended, and in the case of torture accidental death would even defeat the purpose. Citation needed date February 2007 Psychological punishments that are particularly cruel or severe may be considered psychological torture . Very common is the use of shame through private or, especially, public humiliation . For example, publicly shaving a woman s head may not only humiliate her in front of those who witness her shearing, it may also deprive her of her hair for as long as it takes to grow back, thus serving as a continual reminder of her punishment and her humiliation. See also Punishment Psychology Parading on donkey Sluggishly progressing schizophrenia DEFAULTSORT Psychological Punishment Category Punishments psych stub tr Psikolojik i kence ... more details
In the APA Dictionary of Psychology, psychological dependence is defined as dependence on a psychoactive substance for the reinforcement it provides. ref VandenBos, Gary R. APA Dictionary of Psychology. 1st ed. Washington, DC American Psychological Association, 2007. Print. ref Most times psychological dependence is classified under addiction . They are similar in that addiction is a physiological craving for something and psychological dependence is a need for a particular substance because it causes enjoyable mental affects. A person becomesdependent on something to help alleviate specific emotions. ref name APA Dictionary Myers, David G. Psychology . 9th ed. New York Worth, 2010. Print. ref Psychological dependence begins after the first trial which a person then becomes satisfied and the satisfaction increases with each use. This constant feeling leads to psychological reinforcement which eventually leads to dependence. ref Hanson, Glen, Peter J. Venturelli, and Annette E. Fleckenstein. Drugs and Society. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett, 2009. Print. ref Of the various things that a person can be psychologically dependent on, opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, and nicotine are among the top substances people become dependent on. Along with substances, people can also become dependent on activities as well such as shopping, pornography, self harm, and many more. While a psychologically dependent person attempts to recover, there are many withdrawal symptoms that one can experience throughout the process. ref Defining Addiction, Physical and Psychological Dependence to Drugs, Alcohol and Other Related Addictions. Drug Rehabilitation Alcohol and Drug Rehab Clinic. Web. 02 Dec. 2010. http www.treatment now.com resources addiction . ref When trying to over come psychological dependence on a drug, one can go to a substance abuse program. ref The national center ... templates publications reports.aspx?keywords psychological dependence ref Notes Reflist Category ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Psychological abuse Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 T 74 3 t 66 ICD9 ICD9 995.82 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Psychological abuse , also referred ... another to behavior that may result in psychological trauma , including anxiety disorder anxiety ... ref name Maiuro cite book last1 Maiuro first1 Roland D. last2 O Leary first2 K. Daniel title Psychological ... used Conflict Tactics Scale measures roughly twenty distinct acts of psychological aggression ... emotionally abusive behavior. Psychological abuse does not always lead to physical abuse, but physical abuse in domestic relationships is nearly always preceded and accompanied by psychological abuse. ref name Maiuro ref Murphy, C. M., & O Leary, K. D. 1989 . Psychological aggression predicts ... report that psychological aggression by one partner is the most reliable predictor of the other partner ... almost equally abusive in terms of the overall level of psychological and physical aggression . ref found that psychological aggression was effectively bidirectional in cases where heterosexual ... Lozano, Pilar. 2007 Physical and psychological aggression in dating relationships in Spanish university students Psicothema Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 102 107. ref found that psychological aggression ... as a normalized element of dating, and that women are substantially more likely to exhibit psychological ... than males to use psychological aggression, including threats to hit or throw an object. A study ... of physical aggression in heterosexual and female homosexual dyads. Psychological Reports. 59 ... report that lesbian relationships have higher overall rates of interpersonal aggression including psychological ... 2009 ref Straus and Field ref Straus, Murray A. and Carolyn J. Field. 2003. Psychological Aggression ... 65 November 2003 795 808 ref report that psychological aggression is a pervasive trait of American ... overall, gender is not a reliable predictor of interpersonal aggression, including psychological ... more details
italictitle Psychological Abstracts ISSN 0033 2887 was an Abstract summary abstract and index periodical and the print counterpart of the PsycINFO database. It was published by the American Psychological Association and was produced for 80 years, ceasing publication at the end of 2006. ref name retirement cite web url http www.apa.org publications releases psycabstracts.html title APA announces retirement of the print index Psychological Abstracts accessdate 2009 02 25 last first date work publisher American Psychological Association ref It was produced monthly and contained summaries abstracts, bibliographic information, and indexing of English language journal articles, technical reports, book chapters, and books in the field of psychology . In its latter years it contained much less content than PsycINFO, ref name retirement although it did contain some records for technical reports that are not in PsycINFO. ref cite web url http www.apa.org psycinfo questions.html 9 title PsycINFO frequently asked questions accessdate 2009 02 25 last first date work publisher American Psychological Association ref It was organized by subject area according to the PsycINFO Classification Codes . See also Databases for psychologists References Reflist Category Bibliographic indexes psych stub ... more details
italictitle Infobox Journal title Psychological Bulletin abbreviation Psychol. Bull. cover editor Stephen P. Hinshaw discipline Psychology publisher American Psychological Association country United States frequency Bimonthly history 1904 present openaccess license impact 11.975 impact year 2011 website http www.apa.org pubs journals bul index.aspx ISSN 0033 2909 OCLC 1681351 RSS http content.apa.org journals bul.rss Psychological Bulletin is a Peer review peer reviewed academic journal specializing in literature reviews. It was founded by Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins psychologist James Mark Baldwin in 1904 ref Benjamin, Ludy T. A Brief History of Modern Psychology . Malden, MA Blackwell Pub., 2007, pp. 70&ndash 1, ISBN 978 1405132053. ref immediately after he had bought out James McKeen Cattell s share of Psychological Review , which the two had founded ten years earlier. Baldwin gave the editorship of both journals to John B. Watson when scandal forced him to resign his position at Johns Hopkins in 1909. Ownership of the Bulletin passed to Howard C. Warren , who eventually donated it to the American Psychological Association which continues to own it to the present day. References reflist Psychology Category Psychology journals Category Publications established in 1904 Category Bimonthly journals Category English language journals Category American Psychological Association academic journals psych stub pl Psychological Bulletin zh ... more details
Refimprove date October 2008 A psychological novel , also called psychological realism , is a work of prose fiction which places more than the usual amount of emphasis on interior characterization , and on the Motivation motive s, circumstances, and internal action which springs from, and develops, external action. The psychological novel is not content to state what happens but goes on to explain the motivation of this action. In this type of writing Fictional character character and characterization are more than usually important, and they often delve deeper into the mind of a character than novels of other genres. The psychological novel can be called a novel of the inner man, so to say. In some cases, the Stream of consciousness writing stream of consciousness technique, as well as interior monologues, may be employed to better illustrate the inner workings of the human mind at work. Flashbacks may also be featured. While these three textual techniques are also prevalent in modernism ... of Genji , written in 11th century Japan, has often been considered the first psychological ... s work is what one would quite precisely call a psychological novel. ... I dare to recommend ... is called The Tale of Genji . ref In the west, the origins of the psychological novel can be traced ... was coined. The first rise of the psychological novel as a genre is said to have started with the sentimental ... literature, Stendhal s The Red and the Black is often called Fact date March 2007 an early psychological ... century, is also considered Fact date March 2007 an early precursor of the psychological novel. The modern psychological novel originated, according to The Encyclopedia of the Novel , primarily ... of the Scandinavian countries is Knut Hamsun, who almost singlehandedly created the modern psychological ... of psychological realism. ref N. Baym, et. al. Eds. The Norton Anthology of American Literature ... Psychological novels Category Literary genres lit stub ar cs Psychologick rom n ... more details
Infobox journal cover image Psychological medicine cover.jpg title Psychological Medicine editor Kenneth S. Kendler , Robin M. Murray discipline Clinical psychology , psychiatry abbreviation Psychol. Med. publisher Cambridge University Press country frequency Monthly history 1969 present openaccess Hybrid impact 5.200 impact year 2010 website http journals.cambridge.org psm link1 http journals.cambridge.org action displayIssue?jid PSM&tab currentissue link1 name Online access link2 http journals.cambridge.org action displayBackIssues?jid PSM link2 name Online archive JSTOR ISSN 0033 2917 eISSN 1469 8978 CODEN PSMDCO OCLC 01588231 Psychological Medicine is a Peer review peer reviewed medical journal in the field of psychiatry and related aspects of psychology and basic sciences. ref name Camb cite web url http journals.cambridge.org psm title Psychological Medicine publisher Cambridge University Press work Cambridge Journals Online accessdate 2011 07 17 ref According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2010 impact factor of 5.200, ranking 6th out of 73 journals in the category Psychology , 11th out of 126 journals in the category Psychiatry , and 4th out of 102 journals in the category Clinical Psychology. ref name WoS Cite book year 2011 chapter Psychological Medicine title 2010 Journal Citation Reports publisher Thomson Reuters edition Science accessdate 2011 07 17 series Web of Science postscript . ref History The journal was established by Michael Shepherd psychiatrist ... that Shepherd favoured the term Psychological Medicine over Psychiatry and he attached great importance to the title which he resurrected from the Journal of Psychological Medicine , first conceived by Forbes Winslow . He defined psychological medicine as including not only to psychiatry, but also ... 20 issue 10 pages 632 637 ref According to his successor, Psychological Medicine was to become ... Editor1 year 2009 last1 Paykel first1 Eugene journal Psychological Medicine volume 24 pages 1 pmid ... more details
Psychological mindedness PM is a concept which refers to an individual s capacity for self examination ... . Psychological mindedness is distinct from intellectualization s and obsessional rumination about ... psychology resistance . Psychological mindedness bespeaks a capacity to tolerate psychological conflict ... Shill MA, Lumley MA title The Psychological Mindedness Scale factor structure, convergent validity ... SA title Psychological mindedness word, concept and essence journal The International journal of psycho ... of others . ref cite journal author Conte HR, Ratto R, Karusa T year 1996 title The Psychological ... nature of PM. She defined it as reflectivity about psychological processes, relationships and meanings ... and intellectual dimensions ref cite journal author Hall JA title Psychological mindedness a conceptual ... 1543250 doi ref PDM description The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual PDM describes psychological mindedness ... sliding scale between high to low psychological mindedness, or healthy to impaired functioning ... of Psychoanalytic Organizations. p.82 ref Personality correlates Psychological mindedness PM is expected to be related to psychological strength and negatively related to weakness. One study found a correlation ... cite journal last Beitel first M coauthors Cecero JJ year 2003 title Predicting psychological mindedness ... E year 2004 title Psychological mindedness and cognitive style journal Journal of Clinical Psychology ... E year 2005 title Psychological mindedness and awareness of self and others journal Journal of Clinical ... JJ & Prout T year 2008 title Exploring the relationships among early maladaptive schemas, psychological ... among early maladaptive schemas psychological mindedness and self reported college adjustme doi 10.1348 ... psychological constructs such as the personality factor of neuroticism , ref name Beitel2003 the cognitive ... to a lack of PM. ref name Taylor1997 cite book author Piper, WB McCallum, M title Psychological mindedness ... 8058 1722 0 oclc doi accessdate chapter url Taylor, GJ & Taylor, HL chapterurl Alexithymia ref Psychological ... more details
class infobox style text align center width 200px colspan 2 big Psychological behaviorism big Image Psychological behaviorism.jpg 175px Psychological behaviorism style font size 85 Concepts br Basic behavioral repertoire br Sensory motor repertoire br Language cognitive repertoire br Emotional motivational repertoire Originators br John B. Watson br B. F. Skinner Proponents br Arthur W. Staats Relevant works br Behavior and personality ref name rfs br style font size 90 Portal Psychology Psychology portal Psychological behaviorism is a form of behaviorism a major theory within psychology which holds that behaviors are learned through positive and negative reinforcements. The theory recommends that psychological concepts such as personality, learning and emotion are to be explained in terms of observable behaviors that respond to simulus. Behaviorism was first developed by John B. Watson 1912 , who coined the term behaviorism, and then B.F. Skinner who developed what is known as radical behaviorism. Watson and Skinner rejected the idea that psychological data could be obtained through introspection or by an attempt to describe consciousness all psychological data, in their view, was to be derived from the observation of outward behavior. Recently, Arthur W. Staats has proposed a psychological behaviorism a paradigmatic behaviorist theory which argues that personality consists of a set ... psychological behaviorism , Springer. ISBN 0826193110. ref The theory was discussed as a potential ... http findarticles.com p articles mi 6884 is 3 4 ai n28173258 ?tag content col1 Psychological Behaviorism ... , 4 3 306 309. ref Description Image Psychological behaviorism.jpg thumb Psychological behaviorism ... of psychological behavioral theory contains techniques of assessment and therapy specially designed ... Biospheric model of personality Cognitive affective personality system Constructivism psychological ... field theory Positive Disintegration Psychological behaviorism Self monitoring Situationism ... more details
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